To avoid an endless debate here, let me say the following about the pronunciation of the sample passages from earlier periods of English: They were all pronounced using the sound systems compiled from peer-reviewed books such as Charles Barber's "The English Language - A Historical Introduction". The samples from EMnE were additionally discussed with our literature colleagues prior to recording them (see our joint video on sonnets: th-cam.com/video/EiGpIiznnZs/w-d-xo.html). Additional advice was given by David Crystal (my former teacher) during GAL conference 2014, and we also took video sources such as "Shakespeare - Original Pronunciation" by David Crystal and his son Mark: th-cam.com/video/gPlpphT7n9s/w-d-xo.html. Jürgen Handke, July 2015
The Virtual Linguistics Campus And now you have removed my second comment. Absolutely disgraceful behaviour from someone who is supposed to be a professor in a free democratic open society. Utterly reprehensible, utterly disgraceful behaviour.
Excellent presentation! One key thing missing: the influence of Old Norse from the Viking period on the development of English. Many Old Norse words we use every day in English - including the days of the week, among others.
When he was reading those old and middle english passages I thought it was an audio recording at first, then I realised it was him speaking it effotlessly. Wow!
I watched your video several times and with great attention. You are an EXCELLENT Analyst on the linguistic issues you are referring to. Great information!!! Thank you!!! That's why I put a ''like''! If I could, I would put more ''like'' because you deserve it!!! ❤ However, I will dare to make a small point, in terms of the influences that the English language has received ..... making an addition about the great influence of the Greek language on English, meaning the huge number of Greek words in the English language, something that is verified by the OXFORD Dictionary!!! Incidentally the words you use, for example: Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Analytic, Period, European, Christ (someone who is anointed for a purpose), Legions, Chaos, History, Historical, Geographical, Synthetic, Political, Dramatic, Aristocracy, Catholic, Poetry, (Zephirus, Melodye, Nyght, from the short excerpt from ''The Canterbury Tales'', so before the Renaissance and not as you mentioned , there were Greek words in old English language), Syntactic, Classical, Lexis and others, are Greek!!! (Also the ''Promethean'' at the beginning of the video.) By the way, I would like to point out that these words are not ancient, but are used as they are from antiquity until today. I would not dare to try to refer to the Terminology of any kind of Science, (Scientific Terms), most of which are Greek, because I would have to write for days. (Also the German language contains a huge number of Greek words!)
Thank you for the very clear explanation. This video of yours is more easy to understand than the lesson (of course, regarding about english language histort too) that we have in class.
This is good as a broad overview but is a bit lacking in details. You are telling me who had certain influences on English and when, but you aren't getting into the details of what those influences were. How precisely did the language evolve in each period and what were the causes? I do love that you included examples of the language in use at various points in its development! If I might suggest also including the year (if available) that the example came from.
If you wish to obtain more details, either use the whole playlist (with 30 videos) th-cam.com/play/PLRIMXVU7SGRIEgPw2on77-3-mSqynrBUj.html or join us in the pMOOC202 "History of English" th-cam.com/video/pxPab9ikqJI/w-d-xo.html
Question on the choice for calling Anglo-Saxon Language, Old English: who made that decision about that naming? When was that decision made? What is the linguistic foundation of that choice ? Thanks for your channel. I have just become a follower.
Archeological and genetic evidence shows that on the whole the Anglo-Saxons did not replace the Britons in England, but rather the conquered Britons adopted the Anglo-Saxon language in a similar fashion to the way the Irish adopted English in the 19th Century.
DNA is one thing, linguistics another. The genes may have been more Celtic than the language, but the kids in AD 500 were like, “Dude, this Anglo-Saxon language is the thing.” Except they said it in Old English, so it sounded weirder than that. This is why in 2100 everyone will talk like a text message, and people who speak with complete words and spell correctly will obviously be old and out of touch.
Alex Plante The Irish didn't 'adopt' English. They were bludgeoned into using it . Also the genetic evidence does indeed show proof of a large scale Anglo-Saxon influx, with a distinct genetic difference showing up between Wales and England.
VC YT . Researchers have studied the Y-chromosome, which is passed unchanged from father to son, and looked for certain genetic markers. They found that the English and Frisians studied had almost identical genetic make-up but the English and Welsh were very different. Here is an article and a quote from it " _Our results indicate the presence of a strong genetic barrier between Central England and North Wales and the virtual absence of a barrier between Central England and Friesland_ " mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/7/1008.full
Unfortunately there is no recognition for the oldest language Tamil, the under rated dark horse. There are plenty of not only English words which relates either directly to Tamil language or seeped deformations through various intermediaries like Sanskrit, Greek or Latin etc into English. Examples Button is actually a Tamil word pronounced as Pothaan for thousands of years. Sponge = Panju actually used to refer cotton. Pipe= Pazhuppu in Tamil Paleo was actually Pazhaya or old in Tamil. Betrothal is actually a Tamil word Petror ( Parents)+ Oppudhal acceptance) Petroropputhal. Puddings = Puttu Red comes from Ratham Emperor Empire comes from Embiran means great ruler of a vast area. "Thol""tholai" is used in Tamil to refer distance which gradually became Thel and later as tele and used in words like telephone(Tholaipesi), television (tholaikatchi), telegraph and telegram. Doosu became Dust Payattu Tamil word becomes Fight. Theyyal, theyyalar becomes Tailor. Thechu becomes Stichu and stitch. Thachchar, thachachan becomes Thachar surname in England i.e Margret Thacher whose ancestor's were actually Roof Makers and stiching leaves and branches to make roof was their profession. Earlier roofs were made by stiching leaves together and placing on the roofs. Kalvettu becomes culvert in English Kurippu becomes Skurippu and later script. Oppari a kind of dance drama Tamil becomes Opera Thadhai of Tamil becomes daddy in English. Mandooram of Tamil gradually became Mound, Mount, mountain etc. Montenegro Kalainjium becomes Colosseum in Italian and English language Congee= porridge, water with rice; Originated from Tamil and Malayalam Kanji Coir= From Tamil kayiru Catamaran = From Tamil Kattumaram Kattu means tied up, Maram means logs. Cot from Tamil Kattil Ginger from Inji in Tamil. Sugar and Jaggery. Long etymology. Attu (8)+ Kara (Arms)+Aaram (Circle) Attukaraaram->Atkararam->Satkararam->Satkaram->Sakkaram. Contd... Sakkaram means wheel in Tamil. Wheel with eight arms. Sakkara (Wheel)+ Arai (Grind,Ground) in Tamil. The one which is ground by wheel. (Sugar cane ground by wheel becomes Sugar. Sugar gradually deforms into sukkar, shakkar, Jaggery etc. Mango from Tamil Maangai Pagoda from Tamil word Pagavadi i.e A house for a diety. Teak a Tamil word Theykku or teku. Cash from Tamil word Kaasu. Even words like Casino, Casanova etc. Eight from Tamil word Yettu. One is from Tamil word Ondru. Victory from Tamil word Vettry All English words having TERRA comes from the Tamil word Tarai. Tarai means Ground, floor or in a larger sense a place or an area. Territory, Terestrial, Extra Terrestrial. Extra itself Ex + Terra means above normal level. Ultra means something beyond normal level of cognition. Still there are hundreds of words not only in English but in almost all parts of the world which needs deep study. The very word England itself has a Tamil origin. The earliest settlers first landed in an arc shaped or Angle shaped land in the extreme east coast and called it as anguli Tarai (Tharai) meaning angled place and they were Anguliars or Angulitaraiyars. That place got named later as Angula Nadu which gradually deforms as Angulnad, Anguland, England, England! Also the very word Etymology can be broken up as Aathi or Aadhi + Moola+ Alasi or Aalosi. Aadhi means first or earliest. Moolam means root or origin. Alasi means to check deeply or research. Even Aalosi means to probe deep mentally. Aadhi moola alasi = Aadhimoolalasi= Aathimoology = Etymology. Peychu of Tamil deforms to Spea hu then Speach. Aaku becomes Maku later Make Tamil "Peedu" becomes Speedu and Speed. "Matirai" becomes Meter "Peedu Matirai" becomes Speedometer. Urundai of Tamil becomes Round. Naagam becomes snake. Ilamanjal Kai becomes Lemon Urul becomes Roll. Urundai becomes Round. Moolakuru becomes Molecule. Koll in Tamil = Kill in English Itara becomes other in English Parisu becomes Prize in English Arisi of Tamil becomes Rice Vaadu of Tamil becomes "Fade Allan of Tamil becomes Aqua. Pala becomes Poly. Miga and Magha of Tamil become Mega. Mudir becomes Mature. Isaipadu becomes Accept Paathai becomes Path Vazhi becomes way Kiribati becomes Grain Narambu becomes Nerve Butti , Buttil becomes Bottle Illam ,Illu becomes Villa Surungu becomes Shrink Pazhuthu becomes Fault Adam becomes Adamant Uddan becomes Sudden Vendi becomes want Kai pattru becomes Capture Tirugi becomes Torque Alavu becomes level Madamai becomes Mad Kaani becomes Cawney Surutu, churuttu becomes Cheroot Kalvettu becomes Culvert Copparai becomes copra. Kari becomes Curry Pachilai becomes Patchouli Paravi becomes Spray Naagam becomes snake Ithu becomes It. And many many more words! th-cam.com/users/tamilsantham th-cam.com/users/tamilsantham
at 3:0 teacher have said " numerous gluten aiding tendencies " but I don't know what does it mean, somebody can help me plz!!! sorry, my grammar English is bad
Might I suggest the terms BCE (Before Common Era) and CE (Common Era) rather than BC and AD? They are more inclusive of people who follow other religions or are not religious.
It doesn't matter if you're religious or not. Even if you change the terminology, the calendar is still organized around the birth of a man named Jesus who was born in Nazareth. He's often called Christ. It's similar to how the native Japanese calendar is organized around the birth and death of each emperor, yet nobody asks them to rename their calendar for inclusivity. The terms you suggest are petty political correctness. You say it needs to be inclusive, yet the terminology isn't exclusive. Nobody is excluding you from saying Before Christ/BC and After Christ/AD except yourself, and everyone is certainly allowed to use the calendar.
Sabbychu Yes, the Gregorian calendar was originally created based on what people thought was the year of the birth of Jesus. Due to the influence and power of Western culture, the Gregorian calendar was adopted by many non-Western cultures in order to have a single calendar in common rather than many different calendars such as the Julian calendar, the Chinese calendar, Jewish calendar, Muslim calendar, etc. in international and intercultural situations. The terms BC (Before Christ) and AD (Anno domini) explicitly reference Jesus as Christ and Lord, which is objectionable to some people who do not think that Jesus was Christ and Lord. Using the terms BCE and CE retains the convenience of the widely used numbers established by the Gregorian calendar. However, BCE and CE are spiritually and religiously neutral, which is appropriate for discussions aimed at an audience with members from different religions or no religion.
SirTenenbaum No you may not. It's the usual PC gone mad. BC and AD are the forms used in Western European societies. They are immediately comprehensible to everyone, as well as being exact *and* the criteria on which we base our counting of the years. When ,exactly, does something called "the common era start? people who follow other religions or are not religious don't need to be pandered to. Why should one section of society have such a major influence on something like that ? They aren't being 'excluded' in any way. They live in this society and they have to pull together and get on with it. Only someone who was out looking for trouble would find anything 'objectionable' about it or suggest that the way their society counts years somehow impinges negatively on their lives. After you've changed to BCE and CE can I then suggest, using your own criteria, that we move back to using BC and AD as it's "more inclusive" of those people who follow Christianity and live in societies based on Christianity and would prefer to keep things that way ?
kha sab Take a deep breath. It'll be OK. Using the terms BCE and CE retains the convenience of the widely used numbers established by the Gregorian calendar. However, BCE and CE are spiritually and religiously neutral, which is appropriate for discussions aimed at an audience with members from different religions or no religion. For you, not putting Christianity on a pedestal and employing religiously unmarked terms is persecution. A detached analysis indicates it is simply a way to avoid unnecessary religious contentions or assertions where such things are entirely unnecessary. Please note that Jewish scholars have been using the terms for a long time in order to have neutral terms rather than Christian-centered ones. Again, using neutral terms rather than Christian-centered ones is not persecution. You may want to feel like a martyr, but don't trivialize what actual persecution is--people are dying because of their religious perspectives every day.
SirTenenbaum " _For you, not putting Christianity on a pedestal and employing religiously unmarked terms is persecution_ " No it isn't. I can't imagine why you would think that. Kindly show me where I claimed it was persecution. There is not the slightest reason whatsoever why using BC and AD should or would cause any " _religious contentions or assertions_" Why would it? What Jewish scholars have been doing , as they are not Christian scholars, is irrelevant. As for your last paragraph, well it's just drivel that does not really warrant any attention, a few veiled insults ( I may want to feel like a martyr etc) and more irrelevancies. You are clearly one of these people who think two thoughts that inevitably get them into trouble: 1) that they are intellectually superior to the person they are talking to and 2) They have the power to read minds. I am not 'trivialising' anything at all. Using BC and AD has absolutely *nothing whatsoever* to do with people dying for their religions. You seem to be the one who needs to take a deep breathe , the thing has clearly built up out of all proportion in your 'mind'. By the way , despite your attempts to sound knowledgeable, the system we use was not " _established by the Gregorian calendar_ " - The Gregorian calendar continued to use the established year-numbering system already in place, which counts years from the date of the nativity AD. It was brought in to make other smaller adjustments of date drifting mainly in relation to Easter, not worth going into here. The fact is it's a stupid, irrelevant, thing to suggest-It's entirely neutral as it stands, when someone uses BC or AD they are thinking of a date, or a time, it does not make them think of a particular religion . Also, most of the time we refer to years without mentioning BC or AD. As I said it's the kind of thing brought up by someone who is nitpicking. It is not 'exclusive' as you claim and if it was then changing the way we refer to dates would then become exclusive of Christians and people in Christian-based societies. Most people don't practice a religion these days but they don't have the slightest problem using AD /BC when needed; it's just an unnecessary whinge on your part. Why not suggest we change the names of the days of the week, in English? Don't you think Thor's day is an insult to the person who has to use it when they don't believe in Thor? Wooden's day? Tiw's day? Of course if we change them then we'll be being "exclusive" of pagans, won't we? We just can't seem to have our cake and eat it.
You are right: English is considered the 1st language in the U.S. (officially it is not!). Thus, we (like Kashru) put it of course in the inner circle:(th-cam.com/video/Oz8tEPXI25A/w-d-xo.html ).
Thank you for your entertaining and informative videos. I am writing as a former English language teacher and freelance writer who would like to earn some money through broadcasting on TH-cam like yourself, but obviously you can only make money online through getting plenty of viewers and getting your work easily accessible to a search. Could you give me any advice on this? (, you can find some of my publications on Modern English Teacher) Thanks again, Joanna Buckle (Joanna Salem) MA ELT
die Völkerwanderung, during the 5th Century, when the Germanic tribes of the Angles and the Saxons walked towards Britain passing Friesland in The Netherlands, making contacts with the Frisians, marrying them and continuing to Britain...thus making English and Frisian look alike: cheese-tsiis, butter-bûter, green-grien, etc.
My only qualm about this otherwise exemplary lesson concerns the last few minutes about the spreading of English as a world language. Most English language historians don't realise that, although the foundations for today's prevalence where being set in the XVIII century already, English didn't acquire cultural relevance until after WWI. English was not studied in schools, it was not used in international affairs. That role belonged to French. European aristocrats learned French, not English. People read French and German literature, not English literature. English literature was not well known, only few authors were translated and often through the medium of French.
A hearty salute to this respectable guru in Linguistics and Education ~and other fields ~~ Thank you! (a bow~)
This guy is amazing at his job
Concision and intellectual rigor: an astounding accomplishment on TH-cam.
So clear and nicely explained. It took me back to my years at college in Argentina, when I took a course of studies in Translation. Thanks!
To avoid an endless debate here, let me say the following about the pronunciation of the sample passages from earlier periods of English: They were all pronounced using the sound systems compiled from peer-reviewed books such as Charles Barber's "The English Language - A Historical Introduction". The samples from EMnE were additionally discussed with our literature colleagues prior to recording them (see our joint video on sonnets: th-cam.com/video/EiGpIiznnZs/w-d-xo.html). Additional advice was given by David Crystal (my former teacher) during GAL conference 2014, and we also took video sources such as "Shakespeare - Original Pronunciation" by David Crystal and his son Mark: th-cam.com/video/gPlpphT7n9s/w-d-xo.html.
Jürgen Handke, July 2015
The Virtual Linguistics Campus And now you have removed my second comment. Absolutely disgraceful behaviour from someone who is supposed to be a professor in a free democratic open society. Utterly reprehensible, utterly disgraceful behaviour.
kha sab What happened?
This is extremely well done. Thank you for sharing your talents with us!
i was originally so frustrated because i kept reading about this and still not understand it. i'm so glad to found this video, very helpful! thank you
Prof. Jurgen Handke, you are an incredible teacher!
What a charming lecturer. It was delightful listening to him.
Thanks for the motivating comment.
Excellent presentation! One key thing missing: the influence of Old Norse from the Viking period on the development of English. Many Old Norse words we use every day in English - including the days of the week, among others.
thank thou, o yeng bachelor, thine wisdom found i indeed enlightening, long live prof. Handke
Your videos are awesome and extremely helpful when studying for exams! Thank you :)
Clear and easy to understand. Very good video, mister!
A mere thank you isn't enough, good Sir! My students are going to love it!
When he was reading those old and middle english passages I thought it was an audio recording at first, then I realised it was him speaking it effotlessly. Wow!
Especially for someone who's first language isn't (modern) English
@@theEtch Ironically, being German, this should be easier for him than someone like myself who speaks modern English.
It sounds like German
He's such an amazing Professor
Thankyou so much for making the video available to all! - from India!
Great videos:) thank you, this made it easier for me to study for the finals, finally I understand linguistics.
I watched your video several times and with great attention.
You are an EXCELLENT Analyst on the linguistic issues you are referring to.
Great information!!! Thank you!!!
That's why I put a ''like''!
If I could, I would put more ''like'' because you deserve it!!! ❤
However, I will dare to make a small point, in terms of the influences that the English language has received ..... making an addition about the great influence of the Greek language on English, meaning the huge number of Greek words in the English language, something that is verified by the OXFORD Dictionary!!!
Incidentally the words you use, for example: Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Analytic, Period, European, Christ (someone who is anointed for a purpose), Legions, Chaos, History, Historical, Geographical, Synthetic, Political, Dramatic, Aristocracy, Catholic, Poetry, (Zephirus, Melodye, Nyght, from the short excerpt from ''The Canterbury Tales'', so before the Renaissance and not as you mentioned , there were Greek words in old English language), Syntactic, Classical, Lexis and others, are Greek!!! (Also the ''Promethean'' at the beginning of the video.)
By the way, I would like to point out that these words are not ancient, but are used as they are from antiquity until today.
I would not dare to try to refer to the Terminology of any kind of Science, (Scientific Terms), most of which are Greek, because I would have to write for days.
(Also the German language contains a huge number of Greek words!)
Thank you for the very clear explanation. This video of yours is more easy to understand than the lesson (of course, regarding about english language histort too) that we have in class.
This was extremely well done!
Wonderful and thorough explanation. Really enjoyed it.
this vdo saves many readers time. thank you and hoping n wating for a detailed videos....🥰🥰
Superb. Thank you. I will show this video to my students.
Thank you very much for doing such a wonderful video on the history of English.
Wonderful lecture. But I do miss a mention of the significance of Frisian as an influence or maybe even origin of Old English.
so cool i wish to get an A+ in in English test for tomorrow
I have it today :D
Same here lol
I do enjoy this course. Please, I need some more
thank you for this very nice video. it is simple, educating, and tutoring.
Amazing! So glad for having seen it, thank thee :)
Timeless content! Thanks, Sir!
It's amazing, he cleared all my doubts , hearty wishes
This is so interesting. You seem to be a very dedicated teacher
This is extremely helpful Sir. Thank you for simplifying the history of English
Interested in our online course on oer-vlc.de? Join us and select any of our free but certified coursed.
@@oer-vlc thanks Sir. I love to try it
This is good as a broad overview but is a bit lacking in details. You are telling me who had certain influences on English and when, but you aren't getting into the details of what those influences were. How precisely did the language evolve in each period and what were the causes?
I do love that you included examples of the language in use at various points in its development! If I might suggest also including the year (if available) that the example came from.
If you wish to obtain more details, either use the whole playlist (with 30 videos)
th-cam.com/play/PLRIMXVU7SGRIEgPw2on77-3-mSqynrBUj.html
or join us in the pMOOC202 "History of English"
th-cam.com/video/pxPab9ikqJI/w-d-xo.html
Question on the choice for calling Anglo-Saxon Language, Old English: who made that decision about that naming? When was that decision made? What is the linguistic foundation of that choice ? Thanks for your channel. I have just become a follower.
Great presentation! Great readings of the literary samples!
Join us on oer-vlc.de and self-enroll to any of our free courses, among them History of English.
Prof thanks,very usefull and interesting your youtube channel.
join us on oer-vlc.de
This is excellent, was that German Lang u just read, how this lang evolved so
Excellent video. Concise, clear, and very informative!
Archeological and genetic evidence shows that on the whole the Anglo-Saxons did not replace the Britons in England, but rather the conquered Britons adopted the Anglo-Saxon language in a similar fashion to the way the Irish adopted English in the 19th Century.
DNA is one thing, linguistics another. The genes may have been more Celtic than the language, but the kids in AD 500 were like, “Dude, this Anglo-Saxon language is the thing.” Except they said it in Old English, so it sounded weirder than that. This is why in 2100 everyone will talk like a text message, and people who speak with complete words and spell correctly will obviously be old and out of touch.
Alex Plante The Irish didn't 'adopt' English. They were bludgeoned into using it . Also the genetic evidence does indeed show proof of a large scale Anglo-Saxon influx, with a distinct genetic difference showing up between Wales and England.
+kha sab -its only 20%.
+Alex Plante they didnt conquer they interbred - hence the dna trace.
VC YT
. Researchers have studied the Y-chromosome, which is passed unchanged from father to son, and looked for certain genetic markers. They found that the English and Frisians studied had almost identical genetic make-up but the English and Welsh were very different.
Here is an article and a quote from it
" _Our results indicate the presence of a strong genetic barrier between Central England and North Wales and the virtual absence of a barrier between Central England and Friesland_ "
mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/7/1008.full
Great . Thank you so much for sharing your knowledge to us.
At 4:30, the picture says William, but the years of life are clearly Harold's. Should be 1028-1087.
Very informative and very interesting!
I like your reading of Shakespeare's Sonnet #18......................Encore.................Thank you.
Unfortunately there is no recognition for the oldest language Tamil, the under rated dark horse. There are plenty of not only English words which relates either directly to Tamil language or seeped deformations through various intermediaries like Sanskrit, Greek or Latin etc into English.
Examples
Button is actually a Tamil word pronounced as Pothaan for thousands of years.
Sponge = Panju actually used to refer cotton.
Pipe= Pazhuppu in Tamil
Paleo was actually Pazhaya or old in Tamil.
Betrothal is actually a Tamil word Petror ( Parents)+ Oppudhal acceptance) Petroropputhal.
Puddings = Puttu
Red comes from Ratham
Emperor Empire comes from Embiran means great ruler of a vast area.
"Thol""tholai" is used in Tamil to refer distance which gradually became Thel and later as tele and used in words like telephone(Tholaipesi), television (tholaikatchi), telegraph and telegram.
Doosu became Dust
Payattu Tamil word becomes Fight.
Theyyal, theyyalar becomes Tailor.
Thechu becomes Stichu and stitch.
Thachchar, thachachan becomes Thachar surname in England i.e Margret Thacher whose ancestor's were actually Roof Makers and stiching leaves and branches to make roof was their profession.
Earlier roofs were made by stiching leaves together and placing on the roofs.
Kalvettu becomes culvert in English
Kurippu becomes Skurippu and later script.
Oppari a kind of dance drama Tamil becomes Opera
Thadhai of Tamil becomes daddy in English.
Mandooram of Tamil gradually became Mound, Mount, mountain etc.
Montenegro
Kalainjium becomes Colosseum in Italian and English language
Congee= porridge, water with rice; Originated from Tamil and Malayalam Kanji
Coir= From Tamil kayiru
Catamaran = From Tamil Kattumaram
Kattu means tied up, Maram means logs.
Cot from Tamil Kattil
Ginger from Inji in Tamil.
Sugar and Jaggery. Long etymology.
Attu (8)+ Kara (Arms)+Aaram (Circle)
Attukaraaram->Atkararam->Satkararam->Satkaram->Sakkaram. Contd...
Sakkaram means wheel in Tamil. Wheel with eight arms.
Sakkara (Wheel)+ Arai (Grind,Ground) in Tamil. The one which is ground by wheel. (Sugar cane ground by wheel becomes Sugar. Sugar gradually deforms into sukkar, shakkar, Jaggery etc.
Mango from Tamil Maangai
Pagoda from Tamil word Pagavadi i.e A house for a diety.
Teak a Tamil word Theykku or teku.
Cash from Tamil word Kaasu. Even words like Casino, Casanova etc.
Eight from Tamil word Yettu.
One is from Tamil word Ondru.
Victory from Tamil word Vettry
All English words having TERRA comes from the Tamil word Tarai. Tarai means Ground, floor or in a larger sense a place or an area.
Territory, Terestrial, Extra Terrestrial.
Extra itself Ex + Terra means above normal level. Ultra means something beyond normal level of cognition.
Still there are hundreds of words not only in English but in almost all parts of the world which needs deep study.
The very word England itself has a Tamil origin. The earliest settlers first landed in an arc shaped or Angle shaped land in the extreme east coast and called it as anguli Tarai (Tharai) meaning angled place and they were Anguliars or Angulitaraiyars. That place got named later as Angula Nadu which gradually deforms as Angulnad, Anguland, England, England!
Also the very word Etymology can be broken up as Aathi or Aadhi + Moola+ Alasi or Aalosi. Aadhi means first or earliest. Moolam means root or origin. Alasi means to check deeply or research. Even Aalosi means to probe deep mentally. Aadhi moola alasi = Aadhimoolalasi= Aathimoology = Etymology.
Peychu of Tamil deforms to Spea hu then Speach.
Aaku becomes Maku later Make
Tamil "Peedu" becomes Speedu and Speed.
"Matirai" becomes Meter
"Peedu Matirai" becomes Speedometer.
Urundai of Tamil becomes Round.
Naagam becomes snake.
Ilamanjal Kai becomes Lemon
Urul becomes Roll.
Urundai becomes Round.
Moolakuru becomes Molecule.
Koll in Tamil = Kill in English
Itara becomes other in English
Parisu becomes Prize in English
Arisi of Tamil becomes Rice
Vaadu of Tamil becomes "Fade
Allan of Tamil becomes Aqua.
Pala becomes Poly.
Miga and Magha of Tamil become Mega.
Mudir becomes Mature.
Isaipadu becomes Accept
Paathai becomes Path
Vazhi becomes way
Kiribati becomes Grain
Narambu becomes Nerve
Butti , Buttil becomes Bottle
Illam ,Illu becomes Villa
Surungu becomes Shrink
Pazhuthu becomes Fault
Adam becomes Adamant
Uddan becomes Sudden
Vendi becomes want
Kai pattru becomes Capture
Tirugi becomes Torque
Alavu becomes level
Madamai becomes Mad
Kaani becomes Cawney
Surutu, churuttu becomes Cheroot
Kalvettu becomes Culvert
Copparai becomes copra.
Kari becomes Curry
Pachilai becomes Patchouli
Paravi becomes Spray
Naagam becomes snake
Ithu becomes It.
And many many more words!
th-cam.com/users/tamilsantham
th-cam.com/users/tamilsantham
This is very useful. Thank you
Hello! Could you write when and why the helping verb "do" started to be used in questions? Thank you!
Join us on oer-vlc.de (it's free) and self-enroll to VLC203 - History of English. There you'll find all answers.
Just amazing! 👍👍👍Thanks!
Great video, thank You :)
Great video! Thank you
Recommendation: Self-Enroll to VLC202 - History of English on oer-vlc.de (free but certified)
A superb video!
Favourited.
Really educational information. Thank you. Subscribed your channel.
Very interesting! Thank you. Greetings from Poland :)
Sorry if the question was before... but how does the lecturer know how to pronounce that Old, Middle and Modern English ?
Yup, that should prove quite useful to me! Thanks!
A fantastic lecture! Thanks very much!
Vivid, Lucid, Educative and Effective
If I pass my exam tomorrow, I will subscribe to the channel
We are sure you will ...
great video , thank you for your work!
A study of language brings a study of history.
Awesome depiction.
this is well-made! thx! I do appreciate it!
I love this video it has so many informations
God bless You
Thank u so much sir
Other than the great content, what great performance.
really interesting, thanks for a great video!
Thank YOU!
Good job, great! !!!!
Great channel! Well done! :)
Thanks nimeelewa vizuri!
at 3:0 teacher have said "
numerous gluten aiding tendencies " but I don't know what does it mean, somebody can help me plz!!!
sorry, my grammar English is bad
That's an understandable mishearing: he says "agglutinating" tendencies.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglutination
That Chaucer is lovely poetry
still very useful- thank you very much
GREAT WORK!!!!!
brilliant work
Brilliant...
Any books..These type of videos,evidences to acquaint completely...????give no???
AWESOME
Might I suggest the terms BCE (Before Common Era) and CE (Common Era) rather than BC and AD? They are more inclusive of people who follow other religions or are not religious.
It doesn't matter if you're religious or not. Even if you change the terminology, the calendar is still organized around the birth of a man named Jesus who was born in Nazareth. He's often called Christ. It's similar to how the native Japanese calendar is organized around the birth and death of each emperor, yet nobody asks them to rename their calendar for inclusivity. The terms you suggest are petty political correctness. You say it needs to be inclusive, yet the terminology isn't exclusive. Nobody is excluding you from saying Before Christ/BC and After Christ/AD except yourself, and everyone is certainly allowed to use the calendar.
Sabbychu Yes, the Gregorian calendar was originally created based on what people thought was the year of the birth of Jesus. Due to the influence and power of Western culture, the Gregorian calendar was adopted by many non-Western cultures in order to have a single calendar in common rather than many different calendars such as the Julian calendar, the Chinese calendar, Jewish calendar, Muslim calendar, etc. in international and intercultural situations. The terms BC (Before Christ) and AD (Anno domini) explicitly reference Jesus as Christ and Lord, which is objectionable to some people who do not think that Jesus was Christ and Lord. Using the terms BCE and CE retains the convenience of the widely used numbers established by the Gregorian calendar. However, BCE and CE are spiritually and religiously neutral, which is appropriate for discussions aimed at an audience with members from different religions or no religion.
SirTenenbaum No you may not. It's the usual PC gone mad. BC and AD are the forms used in Western European societies. They are immediately comprehensible to everyone, as well as being exact *and* the criteria on which we base our counting of the years. When ,exactly, does something called "the common era start? people who follow other religions or are not religious don't need to be pandered to. Why should one section of society have such a major influence on something like that ? They aren't being 'excluded' in any way. They live in this society and they have to pull together and get on with it. Only someone who was out looking for trouble would find anything 'objectionable' about it or suggest that the way their society counts years somehow impinges negatively on their lives.
After you've changed to BCE and CE can I then suggest, using your own criteria, that we move back to using BC and AD as it's "more inclusive" of those people who follow Christianity and live in societies based on Christianity and would prefer to keep things that way ?
kha sab Take a deep breath. It'll be OK. Using the terms BCE and CE retains the convenience of the widely used numbers established by the Gregorian calendar. However, BCE and CE are spiritually and religiously neutral, which is appropriate for discussions aimed at an audience with members from different religions or no religion. For you, not putting Christianity on a pedestal and employing religiously unmarked terms is persecution. A detached analysis indicates it is simply a way to avoid unnecessary religious contentions or assertions where such things are entirely unnecessary. Please note that Jewish scholars have been using the terms for a long time in order to have neutral terms rather than Christian-centered ones.
Again, using neutral terms rather than Christian-centered ones is not persecution. You may want to feel like a martyr, but don't trivialize what actual persecution is--people are dying because of their religious perspectives every day.
SirTenenbaum
" _For you, not putting Christianity on a pedestal and employing religiously unmarked terms is persecution_ " No it isn't. I can't imagine why you would think that. Kindly show me where I claimed it was persecution.
There is not the slightest reason whatsoever why using BC and AD should or would cause any " _religious contentions or assertions_"
Why would it?
What Jewish scholars have been doing , as they are not Christian scholars, is irrelevant.
As for your last paragraph, well it's just drivel that does not really warrant any attention, a few veiled insults ( I may want to feel like a martyr etc) and more irrelevancies.
You are clearly one of these people who think two thoughts that inevitably get them into trouble: 1) that they are intellectually superior to the person they are talking to and 2) They have the power to read minds.
I am not 'trivialising' anything at all. Using BC and AD has absolutely *nothing whatsoever* to do with people dying for their religions. You seem to be the one who needs to take a deep breathe , the thing has clearly built up out of all proportion in your 'mind'.
By the way , despite your attempts to sound knowledgeable, the system we use was not
" _established by the Gregorian calendar_ " -
The Gregorian calendar continued to use the established year-numbering system already in place, which counts years from the date of the nativity AD. It was brought in to make other smaller adjustments of date drifting mainly in relation to Easter, not worth going into here.
The fact is it's a stupid, irrelevant, thing to suggest-It's entirely neutral as it stands, when someone uses BC or AD they are thinking of a date, or a time, it does not make them think of a particular religion . Also, most of the time
we refer to years without mentioning BC or AD. As I said it's the kind of thing brought up by someone who is nitpicking. It is not 'exclusive' as you claim and if it was then changing the way we refer to dates would then become exclusive of Christians and people in Christian-based societies. Most people don't practice a religion these days but they don't have the slightest problem using AD /BC when needed; it's just an unnecessary whinge on your part. Why not suggest we change the names of the days of the week, in English? Don't you think Thor's day is an insult to the person who has to use it when they don't believe in Thor? Wooden's day? Tiw's day? Of course if we change them then we'll be being "exclusive" of pagans, won't we? We just can't seem to have our cake and eat it.
How precise is that Old English sounds?
Gio Eufshi AE or ae letter is suppose to be a connected letter, but the spell is still so normal.
Great content!
Thank you, sir.
Thank you very much🤗🤗
How to make my English rapid in speech such as You ?
Thank you so much, this video helps me a lot :)
cap
vielen dank Prof!!
English is spoken as a second language in The U.S.A.??!! Your credibility is now officially in question, sir.
You are right: English is considered the 1st language in the U.S. (officially it is not!). Thus, we (like Kashru) put it of course in the inner circle:(th-cam.com/video/Oz8tEPXI25A/w-d-xo.html ).
thank you so much
Thank you!
I just subscribed!
👏👏👏 good lesson sir
Well done
Thanks ❤
Thank you for your entertaining and informative videos. I am writing as a former English language teacher and freelance writer who would like to earn some money through broadcasting on TH-cam like yourself, but obviously you can only make money online through getting plenty of viewers and getting your work easily accessible to a search. Could you give me any advice on this? (, you can find some of my publications on Modern English Teacher)
Thanks again,
Joanna Buckle (Joanna Salem) MA ELT
Our videos are not monetarized. No adverts.
With the advent of American English, it became the lingua franca.
"Thank you" is cool. But if English people want to say more, that is cool too.
die Völkerwanderung, during the 5th Century, when the Germanic tribes of the Angles and the Saxons walked towards Britain passing Friesland in The Netherlands, making contacts with the Frisians, marrying them and continuing to Britain...thus making English and Frisian look alike: cheese-tsiis, butter-bûter, green-grien, etc.
Vielen Dank aus Spanien!!!
My only qualm about this otherwise exemplary lesson concerns the last few minutes about the spreading of English as a world language.
Most English language historians don't realise that, although the foundations for today's prevalence where being set in the XVIII century already, English didn't acquire cultural relevance until after WWI.
English was not studied in schools, it was not used in international affairs. That role belonged to French. European aristocrats learned French, not English. People read French and German literature, not English literature. English literature was not well known, only few authors were translated and often through the medium of French.