It also bears mentioning that the side skirts on Panzers were originally to help protect against AT rifles & HMGs. Even the Panther had a few spots on the lower hull that a PTRD or PTRS could punch through. The skirts destabilized the bullet, limiting its penetrating power.
Rama Davy The Russian method of protection is actually the most effective😂 Most of the panzerfausts produced were the panzerfaust 60, which had a max range of 200 meters, and had to be fired in the open due to the back blast. The Infantry would dismount and screen the tank, making it impossible for infantry to sneak up and ambush it. Meanwhile, the Schutzen and sandbags have been proven to do nothing to disrupt shaped charge warheads, as the schurtzen are not far enough away from the tank for the molten jet to loose power, and the sandbags have the same problem.
@@thecanadiankiwibirb4512 I don't know if you are talking about another variant of the panzerfaust or something but, panzerfausts' don't have a backblast, as they don't have an opening in the back of the chasis of the launcher, unlike their big brother the panzershrek. Also the panzerfaust are recoil-less, they were made that way, which is another reason why they were so deadly on the battlefield either against tanks or ground-troops.
Sure you lack the high end video tools, but you substitute that with clear explanation and well thought script. You got extra points for using both metric and imperial units as well as percentage comparison. Really good video.
@@martinkominek6712 You mean from all over the world, Liberia, Myanmar or country which put man on the moon using metric system after their own system failed.
Ceramic or composite armor needs to be contained in a pressure confining matrix to have effective stopping power. This way it makes max use of its hardness, compr. strength and minimizes shatter.
I just came to write this and thought, surely someone needs to know this too :). So - if the ceramic is not contained, the bullet spreads it at impact - there is almost no resistance. If not contained, you are only testing the impact resistance which is minimal while the ceramic real residence is the fact that if you cant spread it away - it is very abrasive - even if it is shattered. It is the same principle as the bulletproof glass - it has a film attached to the glass so the glass is not leaving the impact area. You could redo the experiment and attach a film to the ceramic plates - even this small improvement I think will produce a huge difference in results.
@@grantavakjan9488 You dont understand physics lol. It doesn't matter if it shatters and there is no reason to mention "thermal resistance" because that's not what is stopping the bullet lol. Go read a fkn book 😂
I think if he paints the ceramic tile or coats with acrylic or neoprene will be contained , one study on steel armor in WWI found that varnished steel was more effective armor than crude steel, of course Ceramics pulverize and decrease speed and heat transfer
@@grantavakjan9488its harder than the enemy projectile the enemy projectile shatters as well, and it shatters faster, so after it went through the ceramic, there isnt much projectile left
I have a suggestion for ceramic tiles and glass try using duct tape to cover them completely in order to avoid shattering because some people used this and it worked better.
True, not just for holding the ceramic in place while being penetrated, but also for compression. It's a fact that ceramics increase in effectiveness as armor under compression, and is used in the latest versions of tank armor
That might allow the ceramic plate to better sustain a second shot, but due to the brittle nature of ceramic, cracs will still form inside the plate. At this point you should look at the advantages and disadvantages that a “surrounding tape” has, for example cost and (maybe even) weight.
@@vale.44peru eventually not just duct tape but put those tiles in the enclosed box. One point is that this way ceramic particles have nowhere to escape and the bullet must trully force its way through. But moreover he is talking about HEAT while using bullets - which is strange. It is said that one job of the ceramics is to create particles that fly into the heat jet and disrupt it.
I am completely surprised by the tempered glass performance, I thought it wouldn't do shit but it actually worked. Remember that in a tank the material cannot escape through the sides so the projectile actually has to waste more energy punching through the material instead of just pushing it to the sides.
Little late here as well but glass is somewhat elastic so it was to contract back into its original shape so more energy is expended. Works really well against heat rounds
What a fantastic presentation. Great work! The logical next step is to put the ceramic on the face. I’ve done some similar testing and found ceramic first can hugely increase the resistance of the backer material. I’ve had a floor tile and a car door stop a 7.62x54R soft steel core round cold. Just an idea.
Armor grade steel works in that manner. The hardest, most brittle steel is on the outside surface and the further into the armor plate you go, the more ductile you get. The high hardness surface is to shatter or deform the geometry of the penetrator, the softer material is structural to absorb the energy
That's impressive! Your cartridge is much more powerful than the round in the test. If we were betting I would have bet against it stopping that round. Well done.
You made understand how composite armor works by showing and using proper explanations not simply repaeating the same works all over again thank you good sir
The Russians sometimes employed a tactic where they had infantry riding tanks in to battle, they were not suposed to be seen as armour rather than extra protection against enemy infantry untill they hit the final point where the infantry is jumping off the tank and proceed to fight along side it. This gave the tank some extra defences against enemy anti tank infantry since you had muliple guns and eyes firing in more directions than the tank alone could, and it allso enabled the infantry to get to the main asault quicker. Outside of combat infantry often rode tanks as transports in to battle. If an enemy tank fired on those infantrymen their bodies would do bugg all as protection to the tank realy seing as human bodies are not realy that effectiv at stoping fast moving tankshells so that was not why they were there.
Glass is heavily used in composite armor manufacturing, also thanks to its effectiveness against the molten jet of HEAT charges, for example the Russians used a certain type of glass in the armor of the T-64 (or T-72 one of those, can’t remember exactly).
@@vale.44peru Yes and first leclerc generation use it too, a very dense one. Just note that ceramic used in tank armor is a very high density one, with many heat absorbant, more like the space shuttle ceramic was and is mainly effective against Heat round.
This video is just awesome! It was almost professional and very informative. Despite the fact that I am familiar with the historical context and the theoretical effects of Composite Armor, I was never able to experience it in practice. Due to the fact that I can't legally get a gun in my country, I couldn't test it myself. Seeing the results in your video including the data in the graph was so fulfilling. You put so much effort into this video and it was definitely worth it. I think it is understandable even for people who are not familiar with the topic. Explaining what Composite Armor is and why it exists and what the effects are helps a lot to get in. I am very impressed with the video and would like to thank you very much. Especially because I asked for it in the comments of one of your previous videos and you answered and made this video :)
@@ihatecandy02 That's how it should be! And not like right now when I can't obtain the AK made in my country, but can only see it exported to the US???
@@Tankliker Yeah, that ban was introduced in 2014 as part of sanctions. I'm not from Russia, I live in Serbia. I'm not sure about the rate of crimes involving firearms tbh?
@@matovicmmilan Yeah, the worldwide crime rate in countrys with gun regulations is as whole lower then crimes related with guns in the USA. More guns doesn´t automatically mean more safety, more guns mean more people that could kill others. For example, in 2016 Brazil had the highest deathrate of all countrys, followed from the USA. The funny thing is, Brazil has a big crime problem and neighbouring countries also have high crime rates, you can easily see how the gun deaths are caused. THe USA on the other side is maybe the largest world economy right now, is mostly stable and also has no crime problems in the sizes of middle and south america, but still claims secound place at the list. The whole "good guy with gun, bad guy with gun" logic is completetly bullshit. Jsut imagen "no guy with gun" for example, the possibility that somebody could potenially shot somebody is zero. Also the argument that the counter shoter jsut has to react fast enought and stay calm is only possibly if the perosn knows what she´s doing, a policeman or soldier for example is trained to stay calm in such situation and can mostly react fast enougth. People that don´t have such role as the ploiceman or soldier mostly don´t have the reaction time or the experince to stay calm, even if they have a weapon. THe changes are even high that they maybe shot others. Next thing would be that the shoter maybe cannot be identified because if everybody has a gun and you couldn´t identify the shoter from the start then maybe everybody that has a gun can potenionally become the murderer.
Confined for covid 19 and watching your vidéo from Belgium. The photography of that Leopard gives hot to my heart, I served in the same in 1984 wenn I was in the army. Usually the composite sandwich is made of an external plate of steel that protect ceramics from light weapons and reduce maintenance cost, a little space to avoid shoks on the external plate to breake the ceramics , a plate of ceramics to destroy the tungsten penetrator of the shell, and a thicker plate of armor to absorb the energy and avoid projection inside. Sometimes a kevlar tissu is glued inside to protect crew from projections. It could be interesting to try with a thinner external plate and a thicker one behind, but respecting the same weight than two equal plates. Sorry for bad engligh but it is not my usual talk.
@@lpflore The infantry on top was meant to spot an neutralize ambush soldiers with a rocket launcher as they range was limited. They also used improvised bed frames and fences as mesh screens to entangle or prematurely detonate the heat.
@@komradearti9935 Oh my goodness that's more information about the t-72 then a guy could have in a lifetime! Thank you very much for sending me that. 👍👍👍👍
Another key thing is that, with multilayered armor, each steel layer can be hardened as opposed to just the surface of an overall piece. A significant portion of the armor's strength will come from just that small layer of hardening on the surface, so having multiple thinner layers of hardened armor is significantly better than a huge thick piece of armor that's only face hardened.
@@miguelgameiro8063 If you are not stupid about it, then it will not shatter. German tanks had armor shatter due to luck of proper composition towards end of the war - due to simply running out of stuff.
@@tomk3732 with tick plates if I’m not mistaken you can make them Harvey or cemented where in the same thick plate the face is extremely hardened but the rest of the thickness is far softer to avoid the plate from cracking
That was really scientific, thank you I appreciated it. I think adding compression to the sides would be critical to improve performance significantly at minimal additional weight. Obviously thin layers of plastic and glue would help spread the force out too.
Greate presentation. Just to point out that early Chobham (Abrams cutaway) is composed from two plates with polymer rubber like material in between . Burlington use hard ceramic pressed and glued in steel matrix. Apparently very important aspect of it is that ceramic is compress by steel matrix greatly increasing strength. Try to use polymer glue/sealant to stick your ceramic between steel plates , and try to bolt it together to provide compression in one axis.
@@komradearti9935 I think it cod -names represent different solutions, and generations of those solutions. I read about it in some Polish source researching advanced amour program in UK. Autor mention Chobcham in regard of NERA , and Burlington utilizing Ceramic under compression.
@@komradearti9935 I would love to read full document with was obtained under freedom of information act ,(one containing cutaway of armor), as this is probably primary source. Any links out there?
@@komradearti9935 Yes , you absolutely right. just found that: below-the-turret-ring.blogspot.com/2016/03/chobham-armor-facts-and-fiction-1.html So Burlington was cod -name for of NERA system with was given to Americns.
The only problem was the Panzer Faust and Panzer Schrek were extremely successful against the Russian Tanks. One small SS unit in the last days of Berlin, destroyed over 150 russian tanks over just a few days.
Really cool experiment, interesting stuff to see demonstrated. I've understood how this stuff works since I took my physics classes in college, but it's always cool to see it put into practice. The explanation of what was going on at the end was A+, nice job. It would be interesting to try different materials and stand offs. Empty space can also have a large effect on penetration, as can high density rubbers. The compression of the various layers also plays into it. It would be cool to do some more in depth testing for sure. Modern composites in tank armor are the same in concept, but technologically speaking, they're miles ahead.
Thank you for finally explaning this in a way that fully details it without being overly technical and relying solely on terms. seeing this in action is fantastic. The only other ways I've seen this is people showing off commercial armor plates. I really like how you used your own materials for this test. I also want to point out that the same M855 out of a 20" barrel will penetrate the 1/2 inch steel plate, But in my case I have a similar setup rifle to you with a 16" barrel and It's been hard to find a good comparison because most people use either a BCM 11" or 14.5" barrel or the M16 style 20" barrel for these tests. Thank you!
Very interesting and informative. Different to be sure. Physics - got to love it. When you began to explain how and why the composites do what they do, that made the video even more interesting and informative. Thanks.
Your video answers all my questions very well! In addition, I have heared that rubber has some positive impact when slices of it are in the spaced armour. It seems that rubber sticks to the projectile and bleeds energy from the projectile. But I am not sure what type of rubber they use so your demonstration is very good with the limited equipment you had.
@@DeDyson chobham was the first, but the soviets were the first to put it into use on the T-64, textolite and RHA for the hull, and combination K for the turret, unless it was a model installed with the ultra porcelain balls inside the turret armour. I think the American tests were after btw.
@@DeDyson the first tank with composite armour was the Object 430, and we had created chobham before that. The American T95 tests were unsuccessful so i dont really count them.
@@DeDyson my source for the object 430 having composite armour is “T-64 BATTLE TANK” by Steven J. Zaloga, page 6. As for the chobham i guess you are correct.
Excellent video Jackal! I really like to see normal folks doing real research like this. If I may make a few suggestions/observations: - I _really_ appreciate the charts you compiled. Very excellent. - Perhaps some form of epoxy can be used to bond the composite layers together? This will prevent the uncontrolled variable of air gaps (ex: @7:15) - In line with the above, implementing air gaps might prove useful behind the ceramic layers. This would allow for further energy drain from the projectile and give the shattered ceramic even more surface area to effect. - Exactly how the _FORNICATE_ do you have less than 2k subs? Your content is seriously top-notch. - After you're satisfied with the "composition" aspect of armor, maybe we can look at angling? Keep up the good work!
Thanks for the feed back! Apparently using a rubber layer behind the ceramic is common in tanks, I'd imagine it would be like an air gap to best expand the surface area of teh shattering ceramic. On my channel theres a similar test of sloped armor I did last year.
Rubber is indeed as useful layering material. Another option for holding materials together as a coating is polyurea truck bed liner. It can be sprayed on to glass or ceramic inserts for example or even the metal layers too.
That stuff is great at stopping bullets too. The Russians used a version on their first composite tanks called texolite. It has better multi hit resistance than ceramics but idk if the protection vs weigh is as good
I used to develop armor for the U.S. military. Very fun exercise! We would start with AR 550 armor steel. Also used 90 to 95% alumina for cost issues,but I found that floor tiles harder the MOHS 8.5 were very good as a cheap substitute. We developed a number of ways to protect ceramics against double tap or machine gun rounds. Not going to divulge here though. Way to go! Armored glass was another subject as well.
@@renzovergara3436 I began my armor development years working on vehicle armor. That included top attack armor upgrades for old Patton Tanks. It seems I received an inquiry from a not to be mentioned Muslim nation who wanted us to design armor to defeat 30mm ap rounds. It seems after running this inquiry through U.S. ITAR ,the request turned out to be a "thanks but no thanks" polite decline the offer response from my company to the indirect request. This undisclosed country was receiving military aid from our government,yet they wanted to protect their armored vehicles from what can only have been a threat from our attack aircraft. We met some really unique individuals in those years. Yes, upgrading light tanks and IFV's was in our capabilities.
You should contain the ceramic in the composite target. when the bullet impacts, it pushes the tile out to the sides and has minimal ersion on the projectile. I would recommend using fiberglass to wrap the steel and ceramic tiles together. This also helps with multihit protection.
I would be interested in seeing if spacing out the tiles would improve the performance since the projectiles would start to tumble and possibly break up. The old saying goes you trade weight for bulk with composite armor.
Love the talking voice and tone. I suspect effectiveness of the ceramic insert would be enhanced significantly if it were bound tightly between plates - is it was, upon fracture, it was allowed to shoot out the top and bottom. Merely adding a frame that could put some compressive force on the tile, along with taking up any loose space with a non-compressable filler (truck bed liner would be ideal, but even spray rubber should help) should increase reliability, perhaps making it multi-shot proof. Final thought is that using an array of smaller tiles would help to limit the extent of fracturing from the first shot. Perhaps a plate of sand bound with as little plastic as possible? Certainly not much fracturing to worry about if the medium is ductile enough...
Excellent video, not enough content on experimenting with composite armor! Can I recommend one thing? when working with ceramics make sure to hold all sides under compression against a rigid backer and faceplate. This keeps tensile stress off of the ceramic allowing it to work on what it does best- compressive strength. As well, a tight fitting faceplate keeps the ceramic shards from bursting outward keeping all the particles in the path of the bullet
but can that thin armor on tank still perform bounce? what in my mind is that AP shell will shreck that armor like paper.. but who use AP sell in 2020 anyway..
Ryae on we do use AP rounds today, the APFSDS. It pretty much looks like a giant metal arrow, but against that they mostly use spaced armor to make the round lose it course (: look at the front of the Leo2a5 tank turret, theres only air in there, but there is enough space in there to make the round lose its course which makes it also lose alot of its penetration (: hope this helps!
@@sanderpanderpei yeah.. but my guess that in the future.. we will use AP type shell.. but with bigger round size maybe 5-10 ton or more weight. and shoot it from across the continent to other continent with orbital fall or something. (i think i watch a video that the shell become liquid if they travel that fast because to hot.) can you intercept something that fast and heavy. and straight from orbit?
Ryae on well theres no point to develop that, we already have missiles that do that and do way more damage already, so no i highly doubt a tank will shoot a 5-10 ton round. If that does happen then yeah we might have stuff to intercept that yeah
@@sanderpanderpei well if missiles still use computer chip or something as component it can still be reroute or premature explode maybe with new technology. (drone with scrambling signal or something near missile trajectory) because who didnt want to know how to intercept missile without using another missile? less money is win. because the one who cant be reroute or something is kinetic gun. maybe railgun?
In our armored vests we use composite armor but a slightly different one. Its thin aramide, thick steel, medium aramide. The point is to absorb the splashes of Steel on the impact and avoid ricochets, stop the bullet or at least turn it into small fragments before exiting through the steel plate. Medium thickness aramide is thete to catch steel fragments which made it through the steel plate.
Protectin your tank Germany: Schürtzen USA. sandbags ore tracks Russia: poor 18yo guy: we defeat the Nazis and return home safely tank commander: you know the rules so do I
The infantry was less there to eat rockets as it was to look around, pop targets and then dismount for the final assault. Desantniki were a pretty good idea and used by pretty much everyone in somewhat different ways. The Americans even installed a .50 cal on the back of the turrets of their tanks for infantry riding desant to use. Albeit, unlike the Russians, I don't think the US ever trained specific units with the intent to fight that way - that was simply a marriage of convenience.
You knocked this out of the park! I’ve never been able to visualize how this works.... you made ie so easy even an old salty dog like me was able to (FINALLY) understand. Thank you.
@@Jason-tp5cb you can make them with existing materials, but the problem is indeed legality. BATF will take everything you own for something like that, done wrong.
I never meant for him to go all out crazy. I just wanted to make the point that armor piercing is not the same as HEAT. Maybe a cutting torch with a custom tip could replicate the effect on his lighter, miniature representations.
@@johnkleptz6261 not the way that heat works, heat is the actual kinetic force of that superheated jet that does the penetration. The fact that it's very hot is secondary
AR-15s are NOT DIRECT IMPINGEMENT! Direct impingement would have the gas tube act directly on the bolt carrier, like a Rashid. Instead, the gas is directed into a cylinder/piston arrangement inside the bolt carrier.
You may be able to get a closet analog for the outer shell (metal) , in small steel targets . These are typically ar500 steel . This would , in theory be close to the malleability, and hardness of tank steel . Chrome , zinc , nickel , barium , boron , borillium. 12 herbs and spices . As you said , mild steel was what was available. I totally understand , ar500 would closest I could think while still being even remotely close to available. And if anyone reading this thinks getting a raw sheet of ar500 is an option ... don't . You can't cut the stuff with anything short of a plasma cutter . And it's a wee bit pricey , lol . Otherwise , we'll presented and demonstrates concept well . Keep on keeping on .
Very well done video, very good to the point discussion and you were very clear and concise on every important matter, fantastic to see actual statistic results as well. You earned a subscriber
If you put 2mm rubber pads in between the layers and a thicker rubber pad before the last steel plate it would also dramatically increase the protection. It would serve as a spacer to increase the fragmentation cone and disperse the energy over a wider area. And if you have multiple layers of ceramic, you can keep the second layer intact until the bullet impacts it. When the ceramic layers touch, the all tend do break when the bullet strikes the first plate. And then laminate all with glue, a kevlar fiber layer behind every ceramic layer...
Neat test. I'd like to see the plates and ceramic laminated together with epoxy or fiberglass. I think it would take a lot more energy if it does not get to slip out of the side so easily. Thanks for your demonstration.
You can greatly increase the potential of the ceramic armor if you place the plates inside a container that traps the fragments of the ceramic between the steel plates instead of letting them escape out the sides. That's the change that brought 2nd gen ceramic composite armor into existence. There is one additional effect ceramic armor has on projectlies. Not only does it shatter the projectile but even "contaminates" it, penetrating it and forming craters on it's surface which increase the surface area thus decreasing stability and penetration potential even further.
I love this video. But one thing struck my mind that i would LOVE to see and so others could as well. Since we are talking about tanks here i would love to see the spalling effect if penetrated. Paper behind the target to show the deadly spread that is reduced by the series of protection shown in your video.
Very nice video! Very good combination of theory and practical demonstrations! And it must have taken a lot of time just finding all of the illustrations used here, and editing them in. But in my opinion that time was well spent, I screenshoted several for future reference. Many thanks for putting this together!
To my understanding, the big thing in Chobham armor is spaced NERA plates - basically, rubber sandwiched between steel plates, then empty space, then another rubber-steel sandwich, then more empty space, etc. The idea being that the incoming jet from the shaped charge will compress the rubber, which will "bounce" the steel plates outward, which can disrupt the jet. Bullets are a lot shorter and slower, so I don't know if you could have tested this kind of composite armor effectively.
I like your explanations and the subject matter and it was well thought out. But I was thinking about another variable: one more thing that might affect your tests would be movement of the steel against the ceramic; if the steel was, say, duct taped all around the edges (not where the bullet impact was to be) or perhaps if you used an industrial adhesive on both sides of the tile fixing it to the steel, it would provide the same (more?) energy dissipation but without damage to the tile from the movement of the steel. Thanks!
I would have glued the layers together and or laminated the brittle substances. I wonder if you used a layer kevlar, then hardened aluminium followed by a ceramic and then a layer of titanium and then sloped it to 60° to see what's the lightest armour you can make to stop a 50cal.
Very good video, your style of presentation is really good, to the point, precise and straight forward. Other than that I would suggest that you should have glued the pieces together and then tested. Also hard and soft 3mm thick steel plates alternating configuration may produce different results.
To improve the backplate denting you can add a soft resin layer between the tiles it give the same effect as making the back plate thicker while being lighter
This is a really good video! I had been under the impression composite armor was for defeating chemical munitions like HEAT that have a set line-of-sight penetration they're limited to. I didn't know composite also had an appreciable effect against purely kinetic penetration as well.
I think the ceramic should be encased so the energy from the bullet entry doesnt just blow it out the open edges. Either epoxy to hold them together or box them in with weld.
I want to propose something somewhat crazy: what about if people send you their homemade tiles and you test them? You could define some standard area size and then people could make their own tile with whatever materials they wanted. We could have different rankings like best absolute protection, best weight/protection ratio, prize/protection, etc. I think it could be amazing
You can see how composite armor works when bullet proof glass is shot. The key is the cementing of the material into a homogeneous material. The tempered glass shatters, disperses energy yet is held in place by being fused, welded etc with poly-carbonate layers, the brittle hard material 'can't get out of the way'. The ceramic tile fragments in your experiments could 'get out of the way' so bits flew out of your composite sandwich. Epoxy the tiles to the steel you'd get a very different result.
An additional variable is literal spaces between the Armour layers. giving additional time and space for the shock cone of shrapnel to spread out further which dissipates the energy over an even larger area.
I saw your older space armor tests. Good video but a note: Spaced armor is only effective when the spacing is larger than the bullet length. The principle of spaced armor is when it goes through the initial plate, the round gets deformed and tumble, the tumbling causes the round to get knocked off course which makes it lose a lot of potential energy.
placeholder That’s for heat rounds. Heat rounds particularly suffer at transitioning to different materials. That’s why composite armor is so effective at stopping heat meanwhile a solid block of steel will do jack. They don’t like transitioning from let’s say steel to air to steel, etc. Also keep in mind the front plate is heavily angled. Most modern composite armor relies on the round diverting off course, throwing a round off course will make it lose a lot of potential energy which means less kinetic energy which in total means less power to penetrate. Basically nearly all tank composite armor applies this in some sense.
Nice video but I have some doubts around the results. My cornern is that we have just put ceramic between two sheets of metal without any adhesive or casing. When the "composite armour" is hit, the ceramic will shatter and as it is not held in place in any way, the penetration of the backing plate might be effected. because the shard or pieces of ceramic can more easily get out of the way of the projectile. If you would have them in a metal casing and / or or have epoxy to sandwith everything tightly together, you would probably get better results.
Protections agains shaped charge.
Germany: Metal Side Skirts
USA: Sandbags
USSR: INFANTRY
if they can't get close your tank will live
-ussr
It also bears mentioning that the side skirts on Panzers were originally to help protect against AT rifles & HMGs. Even the Panther had a few spots on the lower hull that a PTRD or PTRS could punch through. The skirts destabilized the bullet, limiting its penetrating power.
Rama Davy The Russian method of protection is actually the most effective😂
Most of the panzerfausts produced were the panzerfaust 60, which had a max range of 200 meters, and had to be fired in the open due to the back blast.
The Infantry would dismount and screen the tank, making it impossible for infantry to sneak up and ambush it.
Meanwhile, the Schutzen and sandbags have been proven to do nothing to disrupt shaped charge warheads, as the schurtzen are not far enough away from the tank for the molten jet to loose power, and the sandbags have the same problem.
@@thecanadiankiwibirb4512 I don't know if you are talking about another variant of the panzerfaust or something but, panzerfausts' don't have a backblast, as they don't have an opening in the back of the chasis of the launcher, unlike their big brother the panzershrek. Also the panzerfaust are recoil-less, they were made that way, which is another reason why they were so deadly on the battlefield either against tanks or ground-troops.
well, add that the t-34 till the 85mm gun were blind as a bat and the commander hatch open in front of him, those eyes did help a lot
Sure you lack the high end video tools, but you substitute that with clear explanation and well thought script. You got extra points for using both metric and imperial units as well as percentage comparison. Really good video.
metric & imperial, ...I wonder if he's Canadian then ??
@@razor1uk610 Maybe he is. Maybe he just keeps in mind the audience is from all over the world
Honestly looks like he just forget what ratio to put it all in... it's verticallly squished, but the black bars are still there.
I deducted points for being tainted by Satan's metric system . Rather than the God given proper system.
@@martinkominek6712 You mean from all over the world, Liberia, Myanmar or country which put man on the moon using metric system after their own system failed.
Ceramic or composite armor needs to be contained in a pressure confining matrix to have effective
stopping power. This way it makes
max use of its hardness, compr. strength and minimizes shatter.
I just came to write this and thought, surely someone needs to know this too :).
So - if the ceramic is not contained, the bullet spreads it at impact - there is almost no resistance. If not contained, you are only testing the impact resistance which is minimal while the ceramic real residence is the fact that if you cant spread it away - it is very abrasive - even if it is shattered.
It is the same principle as the bulletproof glass - it has a film attached to the glass so the glass is not leaving the impact area.
You could redo the experiment and attach a film to the ceramic plates - even this small improvement I think will produce a huge difference in results.
Yeah, but it would shatter anyway. The main power of that is the thermal resistance
@@grantavakjan9488 You dont understand physics lol. It doesn't matter if it shatters and there is no reason to mention "thermal resistance" because that's not what is stopping the bullet lol. Go read a fkn book 😂
I think if he paints the ceramic tile or coats with acrylic or neoprene will be contained , one study on steel armor in WWI found that varnished steel was more effective armor than crude steel, of course Ceramics pulverize and decrease speed and heat transfer
@@grantavakjan9488its harder than the enemy projectile
the enemy projectile shatters as well, and it shatters faster, so after it went through the ceramic, there isnt much projectile left
This guy talks like infomercial host promoting a product in front of camera.
But wait, there’s more
Nah,to me he talk like the propaganda MC in those ww2 to late Cold War era informational videos
buy our composite products now!
I have a suggestion for ceramic tiles and glass try using duct tape to cover them completely in order to avoid shattering because some people used this and it worked better.
True, not just for holding the ceramic in place while being penetrated, but also for compression. It's a fact that ceramics increase in effectiveness as armor under compression, and is used in the latest versions of tank armor
That might allow the ceramic plate to better sustain a second shot, but due to the brittle nature of ceramic, cracs will still form inside the plate. At this point you should look at the advantages and disadvantages that a “surrounding tape” has, for example cost and (maybe even) weight.
What if we use adhesive rubbers to hold the ceramic instead of duct tape
@@satheeshnarayanan701 With rubber the bullets can bounce back towards the enemy.
@@vale.44peru eventually not just duct tape but put those tiles in the enclosed box. One point is that this way ceramic particles have nowhere to escape and the bullet must trully force its way through.
But moreover he is talking about HEAT while using bullets - which is strange. It is said that one job of the ceramics is to create particles that fly into the heat jet and disrupt it.
I am completely surprised by the tempered glass performance, I thought it wouldn't do shit but it actually worked.
Remember that in a tank the material cannot escape through the sides so the projectile actually has to waste more energy punching through the material instead of just pushing it to the sides.
4 months late but yeah, funny how glass is used in composite. the best example I can think of is the T-64
Indeed. Glass was used in T64
Little late here as well but glass is somewhat elastic so it was to contract back into its original shape so more energy is expended. Works really well against heat rounds
What a fantastic presentation. Great work!
The logical next step is to put the ceramic on the face. I’ve done some similar testing and found ceramic first can hugely increase the resistance of the backer material. I’ve had a floor tile and a car door stop a 7.62x54R soft steel core round cold. Just an idea.
Armor grade steel works in that manner. The hardest, most brittle steel is on the outside surface and the further into the armor plate you go, the more ductile you get. The high hardness surface is to shatter or deform the geometry of the penetrator, the softer material is structural to absorb the energy
That's impressive! Your cartridge is much more powerful than the round in the test. If we were betting I would have bet against it stopping that round. Well done.
You made understand how composite armor works by showing and using proper explanations not simply repaeating the same works all over again thank you good sir
I love how the Russian answer was just add infantry to the outside of the tank
That takes body armor to another level.......
Space armor* :)
Germany: armor screns
US: sand bags
USSR: body armor
@@guyfrompoland1358 More like worlds first Active Protection System
The Russians sometimes employed a tactic where they had infantry riding tanks in to battle, they were not suposed to be seen as armour rather than extra protection against enemy infantry untill they hit the final point where the infantry is jumping off the tank and proceed to fight along side it. This gave the tank some extra defences against enemy anti tank infantry since you had muliple guns and eyes firing in more directions than the tank alone could, and it allso enabled the infantry to get to the main asault quicker. Outside of combat infantry often rode tanks as transports in to battle. If an enemy tank fired on those infantrymen their bodies would do bugg all as protection to the tank realy seing as human bodies are not realy that effectiv at stoping fast moving tankshells so that was not why they were there.
Huh, the glas worked better then I expected...
Nice Vid. :D
Glass is very hard so the round has to shatter the entire plate to penetrate hence its effectiveness.
Glass is heavily used in composite armor manufacturing, also thanks to its effectiveness against the molten jet of HEAT charges, for example the Russians used a certain type of glass in the armor of the T-64 (or T-72 one of those, can’t remember exactly).
@@vale.44peru Yes and first leclerc generation use it too, a very dense one. Just note that ceramic used in tank armor is a very high density one, with many heat absorbant, more like the space shuttle ceramic was and is mainly effective against Heat round.
@@AceDan-gc9po effective body armour can be made from fibre glass too
This video is just awesome! It was almost professional and very informative.
Despite the fact that I am familiar with the historical context and the theoretical effects of Composite Armor, I was never able to experience it in practice.
Due to the fact that I can't legally get a gun in my country, I couldn't test it myself. Seeing the results in your video including the data in the graph was so fulfilling.
You put so much effort into this video and it was definitely worth it.
I think it is understandable even for people who are not familiar with the topic. Explaining what Composite Armor is and why it exists and what the effects are helps a lot to get in.
I am very impressed with the video and would like to thank you very much.
Especially because I asked for it in the comments of one of your previous videos and you answered and made this video :)
Come to America, we can own pretty much any rifle. The general public is armed well
@@ihatecandy02
That's how it should be! And not like right now when I can't obtain the AK made in my country, but can only see it exported to the US???
@@matovicmmilan AKs can't be exported directly from Russia to the USA. Also, how many crimes with guns happen in Russia yearly and how many in Russia?
@@Tankliker
Yeah, that ban was introduced in 2014 as part of sanctions. I'm not from Russia, I live in Serbia. I'm not sure about the rate of crimes involving firearms tbh?
@@matovicmmilan Yeah, the worldwide crime rate in countrys with gun regulations is as whole lower then crimes related with guns in the USA. More guns doesn´t automatically mean more safety, more guns mean more people that could kill others. For example, in 2016 Brazil had the highest deathrate of all countrys, followed from the USA. The funny thing is, Brazil has a big crime problem and neighbouring countries also have high crime rates, you can easily see how the gun deaths are caused. THe USA on the other side is maybe the largest world economy right now, is mostly stable and also has no crime problems in the sizes of middle and south america, but still claims secound place at the list.
The whole "good guy with gun, bad guy with gun" logic is completetly bullshit. Jsut imagen "no guy with gun" for example, the possibility that somebody could potenially shot somebody is zero. Also the argument that the counter shoter jsut has to react fast enought and stay calm is only possibly if the perosn knows what she´s doing, a policeman or soldier for example is trained to stay calm in such situation and can mostly react fast enougth. People that don´t have such role as the ploiceman or soldier mostly don´t have the reaction time or the experince to stay calm, even if they have a weapon. THe changes are even high that they maybe shot others. Next thing would be that the shoter maybe cannot be identified because if everybody has a gun and you couldn´t identify the shoter from the start then maybe everybody that has a gun can potenionally become the murderer.
Confined for covid 19 and watching your vidéo from Belgium. The photography of that Leopard gives hot to my heart, I served in the same in 1984 wenn I was in the army. Usually the composite sandwich is made of an external plate of steel that protect ceramics from light weapons and reduce maintenance cost, a little space to avoid shoks on the external plate to breake the ceramics , a plate of ceramics to destroy the tungsten penetrator of the shell, and a thicker plate of armor to absorb the energy and avoid projection inside. Sometimes a kevlar tissu is glued inside to protect crew from projections. It could be interesting to try with a thinner external plate and a thicker one behind, but respecting the same weight than two equal plates. Sorry for bad engligh but it is not my usual talk.
Your English is good enough.
0:30 ¨Protection against shaped charges¨
Germany: External metal plates
United states: Sandbags
Russia: *People, lots, and lots of people*
Nobody:
Union of Soviet Socialist Republic: infantry composite armour
The Soviet byus is real
That one was actually a meme made for a history meme forum I think, I had to laugh do hard when I saw it here
The power of motherland russia
Isnt that just modern body armor though
@@lpflore The infantry on top was meant to spot an neutralize ambush soldiers with a rocket launcher as they range was limited. They also used improvised bed frames and fences as mesh screens to entangle or prematurely detonate the heat.
This is so concise and accurate representation of the comparison between RHA and composite armour! Well done! Kudos to you guys.
I've been thinking about the stuff for the last 25 years and I'm 3 minutes and 40 seconds into this video....
I think this is going to kick ass!!!!!!!
@@komradearti9935
Oh my goodness that's more information about the t-72 then a guy could have in a lifetime!
Thank you very much for sending me that.
👍👍👍👍
Another key thing is that, with multilayered armor, each steel layer can be hardened as opposed to just the surface of an overall piece. A significant portion of the armor's strength will come from just that small layer of hardening on the surface, so having multiple thinner layers of hardened armor is significantly better than a huge thick piece of armor that's only face hardened.
I’m no expert but hardened plates are more brittle and that implies that the armor would’ve degraded far took quicker if it as all hardened
@@miguelgameiro8063 If you are not stupid about it, then it will not shatter. German tanks had armor shatter due to luck of proper composition towards end of the war - due to simply running out of stuff.
@@tomk3732 with tick plates if I’m not mistaken you can make them Harvey or cemented where in the same thick plate the face is extremely hardened but the rest of the thickness is far softer to avoid the plate from cracking
This is the most educational and comprehensive video to understand composite armor I've ever seen.
That was really scientific, thank you I appreciated it. I think adding compression to the sides would be critical to improve performance significantly at minimal additional weight. Obviously thin layers of plastic and glue would help spread the force out too.
Greate presentation.
Just to point out that early Chobham (Abrams cutaway) is composed from two plates with polymer rubber like material in between . Burlington use hard ceramic pressed and glued in steel matrix. Apparently very important aspect of it is that ceramic is compress by steel matrix greatly increasing strength.
Try to use polymer glue/sealant to stick your ceramic between steel plates , and try to bolt it together to provide compression in one axis.
I'll try that. Thanks!
@@jackalmountain6523 Have look on product called CT1 , probably nearest thing to Polymer used in Chobham NERA
@@komradearti9935 I think it cod -names represent different solutions, and generations of those solutions. I read about it in some Polish source researching advanced amour program in UK. Autor mention Chobcham in regard of NERA , and Burlington utilizing Ceramic under compression.
@@komradearti9935 I would love to read full document with was obtained under freedom of information act ,(one containing cutaway of armor), as this is probably primary source. Any links out there?
@@komradearti9935 Yes , you absolutely right. just found that: below-the-turret-ring.blogspot.com/2016/03/chobham-armor-facts-and-fiction-1.html
So Burlington was cod -name for of NERA system with was given to Americns.
Russia's protection against shaped charge attacks: **I N F A N T R Y P R O T E C T I O N**
its soviet union
People body are less expensive than tanks....
It's hard to shoot panzerfaust at a tank when its got people on top shooting back at you.
The only problem was the Panzer Faust and Panzer Schrek were extremely successful against the Russian Tanks.
One small SS unit in the last days of Berlin, destroyed over 150 russian tanks over just a few days.
And they still lost the war, so I guess it didn't matter how good it was.
One of the best armour test vids currently on the Internet, thanks mate.
Really cool experiment, interesting stuff to see demonstrated. I've understood how this stuff works since I took my physics classes in college, but it's always cool to see it put into practice. The explanation of what was going on at the end was A+, nice job. It would be interesting to try different materials and stand offs. Empty space can also have a large effect on penetration, as can high density rubbers. The compression of the various layers also plays into it. It would be cool to do some more in depth testing for sure. Modern composites in tank armor are the same in concept, but technologically speaking, they're miles ahead.
Thank you for finally explaning this in a way that fully details it without being overly technical and relying solely on terms. seeing this in action is fantastic. The only other ways I've seen this is people showing off commercial armor plates. I really like how you used your own materials for this test.
I also want to point out that the same M855 out of a 20" barrel will penetrate the 1/2 inch steel plate, But in my case I have a similar setup rifle to you with a 16" barrel and It's been hard to find a good comparison because most people use either a BCM 11" or 14.5" barrel or the M16 style 20" barrel for these tests. Thank you!
Very interesting and informative. Different to be sure. Physics - got to love it. When you began to explain how and why the composites do what they do, that made the video even more interesting and informative. Thanks.
Your video answers all my questions very well! In addition, I have heared that rubber has some positive impact when slices of it are in the spaced armour. It seems that rubber sticks to the projectile and bleeds energy from the projectile. But I am not sure what type of rubber they use so your demonstration is very good with the limited equipment you had.
British observer: “Think of all the teapots that could have been made with that ceramic material! Sigh...”
Funnily enough the British invented it, that is why it is called chobham armour, as it was invented in chobham.
@@DeDyson chobham was the first, but the soviets were the first to put it into use on the T-64, textolite and RHA for the hull, and combination K for the turret, unless it was a model installed with the ultra porcelain balls inside the turret armour. I think the American tests were after btw.
@@DeDyson the first tank with composite armour was the Object 430, and we had created chobham before that. The American T95 tests were unsuccessful so i dont really count them.
@@DeDyson my source for the object 430 having composite armour is “T-64 BATTLE TANK” by Steven J. Zaloga, page 6. As for the chobham i guess you are correct.
Very interesting video especially as we can see the target as it is hit rather than have to wait, good experiment. Well done.
Excellent video Jackal! I really like to see normal folks doing real research like this. If I may make a few suggestions/observations:
- I _really_ appreciate the charts you compiled. Very excellent.
- Perhaps some form of epoxy can be used to bond the composite layers together? This will prevent the uncontrolled variable of air gaps (ex: @7:15)
- In line with the above, implementing air gaps might prove useful behind the ceramic layers. This would allow for further energy drain from the projectile and give the shattered ceramic even more surface area to effect.
- Exactly how the _FORNICATE_ do you have less than 2k subs? Your content is seriously top-notch.
- After you're satisfied with the "composition" aspect of armor, maybe we can look at angling?
Keep up the good work!
Thanks for the feed back! Apparently using a rubber layer behind the ceramic is common in tanks, I'd imagine it would be like an air gap to best expand the surface area of teh shattering ceramic. On my channel theres a similar test of sloped armor I did last year.
Rubber is indeed as useful layering material. Another option for holding materials together as a coating is polyurea truck bed liner. It can be sprayed on to glass or ceramic inserts for example or even the metal layers too.
Amazing video, I couldn't believe somebody actually made the exact thing I was looking for!
“Chob-ham”, not “Chobe-ham”. It’s a place, in Surrey, UK.
SvenTviking was gonna write this myself lol
Kobam
More Ch-Ob-Em, bit of a meh place though :P Most of Surrey is full of rich assholes though, lovely countryside!
Hell i thought it was a sandwich.
Great demo using the different "armour" compositions. An interesting and well put together video.
awesome video :) i wonder what would happen if you were to add a layer of fiberglass and resin to hold the ceramic together?
That stuff is great at stopping bullets too. The Russians used a version on their first composite tanks called texolite. It has better multi hit resistance than ceramics but idk if the protection vs weigh is as good
@@alexdunphy3716 I couldn´t find what textolite is. Do you know anything more specific?
@@edi9892 I probably didn't remember the name correctly. I'll see if I can find a link
@@edi9892 en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combination_K
The laminate glass reinforced plastic is sometimes called textolite
@@alexdunphy3716 thank you!
People like you make TH-cam great. Thanks for the nice video, enjoyed it very much. Regards from germany.
You should try an angle grinder blade, as it has SiC.
I used to develop armor for the U.S. military.
Very fun exercise!
We would start with AR 550 armor steel.
Also used 90 to 95% alumina for cost issues,but I found that floor tiles harder the MOHS 8.5 were very good as a cheap substitute.
We developed a number of ways to protect ceramics against double tap or machine gun rounds.
Not going to divulge here though.
Way to go!
Armored glass was another subject as well.
do you know how to make armor for light tanks or are you just focused on body armor?
@@renzovergara3436 I began my armor development years working on vehicle armor.
That included top attack armor upgrades for old Patton Tanks.
It seems I received an inquiry from a not to be mentioned Muslim nation who wanted us to design armor to defeat 30mm ap rounds.
It seems after running this inquiry through U.S. ITAR ,the request turned out to be a "thanks but no thanks" polite decline the offer response from my company to the indirect request.
This undisclosed country was receiving military aid from our government,yet they wanted to protect their armored vehicles from what can only have been a threat from our attack aircraft.
We met some really unique individuals in those years.
Yes, upgrading light tanks and IFV's was in our capabilities.
@@jimhenry1262 thank you for the information!
You should contain the ceramic in the composite target. when the bullet impacts, it pushes the tile out to the sides and has minimal ersion on the projectile. I would recommend using fiberglass to wrap the steel and ceramic tiles together. This also helps with multihit protection.
The glass surprised me, wow! This is all so interesting lol
0:27
Infantry protection, ok this got dark very quick
This was perfectly showcased and condensed, very comestible. Thank you :)
I would be interested in seeing if spacing out the tiles would improve the performance since the projectiles would start to tumble and possibly break up. The old saying goes you trade weight for bulk with composite armor.
Ceramic better up close imo space the steel layers
Love the talking voice and tone. I suspect effectiveness of the ceramic insert would be enhanced significantly if it were bound tightly between plates - is it was, upon fracture, it was allowed to shoot out the top and bottom. Merely adding a frame that could put some compressive force on the tile, along with taking up any loose space with a non-compressable filler (truck bed liner would be ideal, but even spray rubber should help) should increase reliability, perhaps making it multi-shot proof. Final thought is that using an array of smaller tiles would help to limit the extent of fracturing from the first shot. Perhaps a plate of sand bound with as little plastic as possible? Certainly not much fracturing to worry about if the medium is ductile enough...
Ah, I see you discuss some of these things later in the video. Serves me right for not watching all the way through ;-)
good enough, though ceramics should always face the front
And hopefully not be made of clay floortiles. :)
"good enough" Rifle shot as a simulation of shaped charge? Are you kiding me? heh
Excellent video, not enough content on experimenting with composite armor! Can I recommend one thing? when working with ceramics make sure to hold all sides under compression against a rigid backer and faceplate. This keeps tensile stress off of the ceramic allowing it to work on what it does best- compressive strength. As well, a tight fitting faceplate keeps the ceramic shards from bursting outward keeping all the particles in the path of the bullet
pretty cool dude!!! keep it up the extra information is very nice aswel
Very well explained . The use of tables and diagram meant virtually instant understanding . Bingo
@0:16 that Is NOT the Frontal plate of a T-64, silly. That's a cutaway of T-62M's BDD applique armor.
Dude ....that was clear as a summer sky!!
Excelent explanation!!! Thanks for sharing!!!
Pure science btw
but can that thin armor on tank still perform bounce?
what in my mind is that AP shell will shreck that armor like paper.. but who use AP sell in 2020 anyway..
Ryae on we do use AP rounds today, the APFSDS. It pretty much looks like a giant metal arrow, but against that they mostly use spaced armor to make the round lose it course (: look at the front of the Leo2a5 tank turret, theres only air in there, but there is enough space in there to make the round lose its course which makes it also lose alot of its penetration (: hope this helps!
@@sanderpanderpei yeah.. but my guess that in the future.. we will use AP type shell.. but with bigger round size maybe 5-10 ton or more weight. and shoot it from across the continent to other continent with orbital fall or something.
(i think i watch a video that the shell become liquid if they travel that fast because to hot.)
can you intercept something that fast and heavy. and straight from orbit?
Ryae on well theres no point to develop that, we already have missiles that do that and do way more damage already, so no i highly doubt a tank will shoot a 5-10 ton round. If that does happen then yeah we might have stuff to intercept that yeah
@@sanderpanderpei well if missiles still use computer chip or something as component it can still be reroute or premature explode maybe with new technology. (drone with scrambling signal or something near missile trajectory)
because who didnt want to know how to intercept missile without using another missile? less money is win.
because the one who cant be reroute or something is kinetic gun. maybe railgun?
Zlaapy Typico Leopards armor is simple to counter. All you need is a longer penetrator and it won't turn.
In our armored vests we use composite armor but a slightly different one. Its thin aramide, thick steel, medium aramide. The point is to absorb the splashes of Steel on the impact and avoid ricochets, stop the bullet or at least turn it into small fragments before exiting through the steel plate. Medium thickness aramide is thete to catch steel fragments which made it through the steel plate.
Protectin your tank
Germany: Schürtzen
USA. sandbags ore tracks
Russia:
poor 18yo guy: we defeat the Nazis and return home safely
tank commander: you know the rules so do I
The infantry was less there to eat rockets as it was to look around, pop targets and then dismount for the final assault. Desantniki were a pretty good idea and used by pretty much everyone in somewhat different ways. The Americans even installed a .50 cal on the back of the turrets of their tanks for infantry riding desant to use. Albeit, unlike the Russians, I don't think the US ever trained specific units with the intent to fight that way - that was simply a marriage of convenience.
Rasist as fuck
You knocked this out of the park! I’ve never been able to visualize how this works.... you made ie so easy even an old salty dog like me was able to (FINALLY) understand. Thank you.
0:32 Protection against shape charges warheads:
Germany: spaced armor
Usa: sand bags
Soviet Union: MOUNTED PATRIOTS!
Well for some reason spaced armour and sand bags can't provide covering fire
I’ve been looking for a channel that properly shows this in an experiment very happy man
0:33 Bruh moment @ Soviets
Great video I've always wanted to understand the complexity tank armor and penetration you did an amazing job 👍
Sorry, but this does not represent shaped charges or HEAT “ High Explosive Anti Tank “. That, I’d like to see.
Why don't you try legally obtaining a HEAT/HEAT-FS round at a reasonable time and price? Maybe you would like to fund him?
@@Jason-tp5cb you can make them with existing materials, but the problem is indeed legality. BATF will take everything you own for something like that, done wrong.
I never meant for him to go all out crazy. I just wanted to make the point that armor piercing is not the same as HEAT. Maybe a cutting torch with a custom tip could replicate the effect on his lighter, miniature representations.
@@johnkleptz6261 not the way that heat works, heat is the actual kinetic force of that superheated jet that does the penetration. The fact that it's very hot is secondary
Really good explanation. Understand it to the fullest
AR-15s are NOT DIRECT IMPINGEMENT! Direct impingement would have the gas tube act directly on the bolt carrier, like a Rashid. Instead, the gas is directed into a cylinder/piston arrangement inside the bolt carrier.
One of the best videos Ive seen in a long time.
You may be able to get a closet analog for the outer shell (metal) , in small steel targets . These are typically ar500 steel . This would , in theory be close to the malleability, and hardness of tank steel . Chrome , zinc , nickel , barium , boron , borillium. 12 herbs and spices . As you said , mild steel was what was available. I totally understand , ar500 would closest I could think while still being even remotely close to available. And if anyone reading this thinks getting a raw sheet of ar500 is an option ... don't . You can't cut the stuff with anything short of a plasma cutter . And it's a wee bit pricey , lol . Otherwise , we'll presented and demonstrates concept well . Keep on keeping on .
Very well done video, very good to the point discussion and you were very clear and concise on every important matter, fantastic to see actual statistic results as well. You earned a subscriber
If you put 2mm rubber pads in between the layers and a thicker rubber pad before the last steel plate it would also dramatically increase the protection. It would serve as a spacer to increase the fragmentation cone and disperse the energy over a wider area. And if you have multiple layers of ceramic, you can keep the second layer intact until the bullet impacts it. When the ceramic layers touch, the all tend do break when the bullet strikes the first plate.
And then laminate all with glue, a kevlar fiber layer behind every ceramic layer...
Neat test. I'd like to see the plates and ceramic laminated together with epoxy or fiberglass. I think it would take a lot more energy if it does not get to slip out of the side so easily. Thanks for your demonstration.
Revisiting your vid, again thank you for your time and effort.
@0:27 Laughed at Soviet attempt on protection. The message made it through. Even though you have simple materials to work with. Well done!
You can greatly increase the potential of the ceramic armor if you place the plates inside a container that traps the fragments of the ceramic between the steel plates instead of letting them escape out the sides. That's the change that brought 2nd gen ceramic composite armor into existence.
There is one additional effect ceramic armor has on projectlies. Not only does it shatter the projectile but even "contaminates" it, penetrating it and forming craters on it's surface which increase the surface area thus decreasing stability and penetration potential even further.
I love this video. But one thing struck my mind that i would LOVE to see and so others could as well. Since we are talking about tanks here i would love to see the spalling effect if penetrated. Paper behind the target to show the deadly spread that is reduced by the series of protection shown in your video.
This is a great demonstration
I've learned more stuff in this 12 minute video than I'll ever learn from a day of a regular class.
Very nice video! Very good combination of theory and practical demonstrations! And it must have taken a lot of time just finding all of the illustrations used here, and editing them in. But in my opinion that time was well spent, I screenshoted several for future reference. Many thanks for putting this together!
bless you bro, really good information you give..straight to the point
To my understanding, the big thing in Chobham armor is spaced NERA plates - basically, rubber sandwiched between steel plates, then empty space, then another rubber-steel sandwich, then more empty space, etc. The idea being that the incoming jet from the shaped charge will compress the rubber, which will "bounce" the steel plates outward, which can disrupt the jet.
Bullets are a lot shorter and slower, so I don't know if you could have tested this kind of composite armor effectively.
I like your explanations and the subject matter and it was well thought out.
But I was thinking about another variable: one more thing that might affect your tests would be movement of the steel against the ceramic; if the steel was, say, duct taped all around the edges (not where the bullet impact was to be) or perhaps if you used an industrial adhesive on both sides of the tile fixing it to the steel, it would provide the same (more?) energy dissipation but without damage to the tile from the movement of the steel.
Thanks!
Amazing job at explaining and showing this concept!
Very cool material, theory and practice beautifully explained
I would have glued the layers together and or laminated the brittle substances. I wonder if you used a layer kevlar, then hardened aluminium followed by a ceramic and then a layer of titanium and then sloped it to 60° to see what's the lightest armour you can make to stop a 50cal.
wonderful video, I love the extra attention and effort to maintain a scientific process throughout the demonstration. This is an awesome video.
Very good video, your style of presentation is really good, to the point, precise and straight forward.
Other than that I would suggest that you should have glued the pieces together and then tested.
Also hard and soft 3mm thick steel plates alternating configuration may produce different results.
To improve the backplate denting you can add a soft resin layer between the tiles it give the same effect as making the back plate thicker while being lighter
Excellent watch, I do enjoy the time you took to set this all up. Thank you!
the glass is incredible.
You're an excellent weapons and armor tester!
Keep up the good work, it's very interesting!
This is hell of a lot of fun. Thanks for the amazing video.
That was a pretty cool demo.
It would have been interesting to see how an adhesive between the ceramic and metal would have affected the outcome.
and done, fascinating stuff man ! cant wait till your next experiment !
This is a really good video! I had been under the impression composite armor was for defeating chemical munitions like HEAT that have a set line-of-sight penetration they're limited to. I didn't know composite also had an appreciable effect against purely kinetic penetration as well.
I think the ceramic should be encased so the energy from the bullet entry doesnt just blow it out the open edges. Either epoxy to hold them together or box them in with weld.
This is fascinating 🤔 Awesome video!
I want to propose something somewhat crazy: what about if people send you their homemade tiles and you test them? You could define some standard area size and then people could make their own tile with whatever materials they wanted. We could have different rankings like best absolute protection, best weight/protection ratio, prize/protection, etc. I think it could be amazing
Thats a pretty cool idea. Ill see about tying to do that
A sheet of cardboard several inches behind the armor would make a nice witness plate.
Great test and excellent, concise, and clear explanation with good visual aids! Thanks
Another interesting, informative and entertaining video on this thought provoking topic.
You can see how composite armor works when bullet proof glass is shot. The key is the cementing of the material into a homogeneous material.
The tempered glass shatters, disperses energy yet is held in place by being fused, welded etc with poly-carbonate layers, the brittle hard material 'can't get out of the way'.
The ceramic tile fragments in your experiments could 'get out of the way' so bits flew out of your composite sandwich. Epoxy the tiles to the steel you'd get a very different result.
That was exactly what I was looking for, nicely done.
An additional variable is literal spaces between the Armour layers. giving additional time and space for the shock cone of shrapnel to spread out further which dissipates the energy over an even larger area.
I saw your older space armor tests. Good video but a note: Spaced armor is only effective when the spacing is larger than the bullet length. The principle of spaced armor is when it goes through the initial plate, the round gets deformed and tumble, the tumbling causes the round to get knocked off course which makes it lose a lot of potential energy.
placeholder that’s not spaced armor.
placeholder That’s for heat rounds. Heat rounds particularly suffer at transitioning to different materials. That’s why composite armor is so effective at stopping heat meanwhile a solid block of steel will do jack. They don’t like transitioning from let’s say steel to air to steel, etc. Also keep in mind the front plate is heavily angled. Most modern composite armor relies on the round diverting off course, throwing a round off course will make it lose a lot of potential energy which means less kinetic energy which in total means less power to penetrate. Basically nearly all tank composite armor applies this in some sense.
This feels like original TH-cam back in the day when this was not an advertisement company
Excellent demonstration!
Nice video but I have some doubts around the results.
My cornern is that we have just put ceramic between two sheets of metal without any adhesive or casing. When the "composite armour" is hit, the ceramic will shatter and as it is not held in place in any way, the penetration of the backing plate might be effected. because the shard or pieces of ceramic can more easily get out of the way of the projectile. If you would have them in a metal casing and / or or have epoxy to sandwith everything tightly together, you would probably get better results.