Spear & Shield vs Dane Axe

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 20 ม.ค. 2025

ความคิดเห็น • 391

  • @swordandshield
    @swordandshield  7 หลายเดือนก่อน +15

    To watch the complete video, go here: exciting-pioneer-6049.ck.page/e291efd8de Read about the historical size of the Dane axe here: sagy.vikingove.cz/en/two-handed-axes/ Learn about the approach to Dane axe fighting in this conference demo at the Danish National Museum: exciting-pioneer-6049.ck.page/68ce4e381d

    • @charlesparr1611
      @charlesparr1611 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

      More than anything,I think this showcased some excellent shield work.
      And that I would not want to be a single axe man trying to fight a spearman. Good way to find yourself full of small holes and slowly bleeding out knowing even if you win you're dead of sepsis by next week...

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  7 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

      @@charlesparr1611 Thanks for the kind reception. Yes, the preferred combat context of the Dane Axe would have been a different one.

    • @nowthenzen
      @nowthenzen 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      and always that chuckle when a touch is landed of "I didn't die, because we are just pretending."

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  7 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      @@nowthenzen in fact, that is only part of it. It is more about acknowledging the other one's skill.

    • @nowthenzen
      @nowthenzen 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      @@swordandshield The not dying bit is what keeps it fun otherwise these videos would be pretty grim

  • @BallisticPlate
    @BallisticPlate 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +160

    Your guys seem to be well disciplined and low ego. Appreciate that. Great stuff to see.

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  7 หลายเดือนก่อน +26

      This is indeed a pre-requisite for playing this game safely and constructively.

    • @tu-estupidez9713
      @tu-estupidez9713 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

      NEEDED WHEN GOING WITH METAL VS BARE SKIN WITH FRIENDS LMAO caps*

    • @johntheknight3062
      @johntheknight3062 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +11

      Agreed, it is very nice to see people actually practicing martial prowess instead of just randomly bashing each other full force like bunch of apes. I saw it just too many times for it to be funny.

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  6 หลายเดือนก่อน +5

      @@johntheknight3062 thanks for your appreciation.

  • @TheVeryLastHippy
    @TheVeryLastHippy 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +110

    As a reenactor myself I can confirm, every bout must end in a hug.

  • @jasonjames9836
    @jasonjames9836 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +104

    I love the control that everyone exhibits to provide for the safety of their training partners. I would love to see this type of freeplay contrasted with footage of similar freeplay but with the participants wearing protective gear to allow a higher level of speed and strength. I originally wanted to say intensity, but I do think there is a great deal of intensity in the deliberateness and control that the participants in this video are using.

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  7 หลายเดือนก่อน +40

      Personally, I find geared up sparring inhibiting in other ways, and a lot less appealing to watch. That is why I do not post it very often, although we do train it. You might find some material in older Berlin Buckler Bouts videos if you bother to look. I think that protected sparring is generally over-rated in terms of research into historical combat. It is distorted in other ways, most notably in regard to risk assessment. With heavy protection, most people take many more risks that they would never take without protection and with sharp weapons. That is part of the reason why most geared up HEMA hardly resembles what is seen in the fight books. Also, speed is usually not considerably higher with protection when economy of movement and precision are qualities that you aim for, in contrast to charging in. The latter is the mark of most sports matches, the former is for martial arts practice, in my opinion. All fine, you just have to be aware of the limitations of a chosen combat simulation.

    • @stormrhode2330
      @stormrhode2330 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +7

      ​@@swordandshield I totally agree, but there are definitely pros and cons to each. An interesting part of this video was at 2:05, Alfred definitely landed that thrust with his spear, but pulled back so as to not hit Christian. In turn, Christian didn't feel it and didn't seem to realize he would have been hit.
      Most likely with gear he would have felt the attack land and acknowledged it. This in itself is both a pro and a con, since in actual martial combat, sometimes a blow like that might immediately put someone down and other times it wouldn't.
      Basically, the protective gear vs none / historical garb is a deep, nuanced one and I agree it's good to do both.

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  7 หลายเดือนก่อน +12

      ​@@stormrhode2330 Exactly. It is absolutely true that each form of martial arts training creates artefacts. Only when you use different training modes and various levels of protection, plus sharp weapons practice, you can become aware of each mode's shortcomings. Lacking expert tuition by living veterans, that is the best we can do.😃

    • @Lurklen
      @Lurklen 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +5

      @@swordandshield I suppose this, or something very like it, must have been how they practiced back then, as they didn't have modern safety gear, haha. Would at least head gear not be beneficial? I feel like some kind of head covering would mean those strikes could land, which would be instructive even if they were still pulled back somewhat, and that would read more clearly than some of the (very skillful and deft, but still quite risky) feints that suffice instead of a strike to the face or head. Given the care you are all displaying, I worry less about injuries to the body, but it seems like the head is still at risk, and also (understandably) where people try to strike the most. Perhaps it is just my nerves, but I wince every time that spear thrusts up towards the head, feels like an accident waiting to happen.
      Then again, you're all grown ups and know what you're doing, so I'm sure you've weighed the pros and cons.

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  7 หลายเดือนก่อน +6

      @@Lurklen true. And as I said before, we do use full protection in our standard training too. However, putting on modern facemasks in this museum context would look silly. Putting on period head protection like an iron helmet (which one of us actually did) only means that a hit does not have the same effect - the whole point of protection. And it is my observation that people tend to become less precise the more protection is worn. This is why we NEVER wear any protection when practicing with sharps. But you are right: None of us recommends doing this without appropriate training and an according mindset. But that should be self-evident.

  • @AfaqueAhmed_
    @AfaqueAhmed_ 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +467

    The spear is really overpowered , cheap , easy to use and long reach . No wonder it stayed in the battlefield for so long .

    • @Gillymonster18
      @Gillymonster18 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +25

      Yeah…then again, neither is able to apply full force like they’re trying to kill the other. I have a suspicion the effectiveness of the axe would be a lot better when it’s wielder is actually able to apply force and do things like bat the end of the spear away.

    • @osborne9255
      @osborne9255 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@Gillymonster18 Totally!

    • @AfaqueAhmed_
      @AfaqueAhmed_ 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +29

      @@Gillymonster18 Yeah , but they spear could be wielded a lot faster and aggressively as well .

    • @KyranFindlater
      @KyranFindlater 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +21

      @@Gillymonster18 batting away a spear head with an axe head, you'd still be far away from the wielder of the spear, and the spear head is very light and either would be moved away from the batting and stab the axe wielder's unprotected body/arms, or the spear would be quickly brought back on centre to impale the axe guy as he moves forward for the attack after batting the spear away. The only way I can see the axe guy getting a hit is if the spear guy makes a mistake on an overly ambitious thrust and bad positioning/off balance.

    • @i_love_crpg
      @i_love_crpg 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +5

      @@Gillymonster18 weapons in themselves are force multipliers and the dane axe especially does not need additional "force". Whilst they did have to be a lot more careful here, there are numerous tests done in both 1v1 and skirmishes involving spears and the spears win easily. people seem to forget that men holding spears arent idiots who will just bend over for their opponents.

  • @salimufari
    @salimufari 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +126

    I can appreciate how these fellows are sparing in period clothes. Not massive HEMA padding & just from experience know when a hit is made or not. That is where the real skill is here I believe.

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  7 หลายเดือนก่อน +51

      Plus, no fencing masks back then either. Of course I see the merits of modern protection, and all of these guys use it in their regular training too. But weapon practice in historical kit in this kind of environment is what I enjoy most. By far.

    • @fablerh2476
      @fablerh2476 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      I wonder if back then they would have in fact used protective equipment to practice with semi full force. I could imagine that you wouldn’t want to go to war without having experienced how a hit would feel both at the giving and receiving end. But nonetheless very interesting, especially because of authentic clothing.

    • @Ivytheherbert
      @Ivytheherbert 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

      The "massive HEMA padding" makes it possible to spar at full pace safely, and speaking as someone who has sparred in HEMA gear, you can still tell when something hits you because of the sound and vibration or just looking if it's a blow to the face. The gear just stops it from hurting most of the time.

    • @Hades-im1ml
      @Hades-im1ml 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

      ​@@Ivytheherbert the gear can deform your vision of fight. A lot of going "fast blows anyways" and double hit.
      With the no protective gear way of train, you become a much more thinking fighter.

    • @Hades-im1ml
      @Hades-im1ml 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

      ​@@fablerh2476 we never know for sure... Unfortunately ;)

  • @andrewsmith9174
    @andrewsmith9174 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +370

    The axe is sexy and super dangerous. The sword is the popular status symbol of elites. But the spear is the king of the battlefield.

    • @MicroBalrog
      @MicroBalrog 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

      the spear only becomes useful once you have formation-capable trained infantry (i.e. the ability to organize your peasant levies enoguh to get them to train for several months, which was non-trivial in the early middle ages).

    • @Pilafcg
      @Pilafcg 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +35

      ​@@MicroBalrog um... No

    • @Ascaron1337
      @Ascaron1337 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +22

      ​@@MicroBalrog It always amazes me, how someone can watch the very thing they deny afterwards with a snarky comment.

    • @MicroBalrog
      @MicroBalrog 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

      @@Pilafcg by useful I mean in the sense inwhich fanboys imagine 'oh spear guys will almost always beat sword guys', this is only true in certain context

    • @Pilafcg
      @Pilafcg 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +12

      @@MicroBalrog yup, and that context is called practice

  • @johntheknight3062
    @johntheknight3062 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +20

    The experience is very visible. No ego, no personal revenge, just pure matial art prowess. It's nice to see how well you are able to use the spear and shield and create distance.

  • @joshbryan8028
    @joshbryan8028 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +32

    Its crazy how op the pointy stick really is

  • @neonjesus8831
    @neonjesus8831 5 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

    NGL, first time I've seen historical martial artists play sparring like they're actual combat sports athletes. I absolutely love the energy you boys are keeping up.

  • @victorkreig6089
    @victorkreig6089 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +11

    Wonderful as always Roland

  • @RolloTheWalker2
    @RolloTheWalker2 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +26

    Finally some sparring with dane axes of accurate lengths.

  • @michaeldrinkard678
    @michaeldrinkard678 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    This is so entertaining and educational! You can tell that these people have trained extensively, and know what they are doing. Thanks for sharing!

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  7 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      Thank you. This is exactly my sentiment too when I watch my friends here, and I am happy I am not the only one!

  • @Velesus101
    @Velesus101 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +22

    Very interesting. Especially the moments Christian uses the axe with the handle forward to deflect the incoming thrusts. Very reminiscent of poleaxe techniques. Is there a reason why both spearmen choose the overhand grip?
    Also, big respect for going the extra mile and doing it with period weapons and clothing, without any modern protection. I can only admire the level of weapon control I do not possess.

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  7 หลายเดือนก่อน +11

      Thanks for your kind words, much appreciated. Regarding gripping the Dane axe: Emil explained their approach at a conference at the Danish National Museum. A video of their complete demo and discussion can be accessed here: exciting-pioneer-6049.ck.page/68ce4e381d

    • @Velesus101
      @Velesus101 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      @@swordandshield Oh, I am definitely going to check it out. Thanks!

  • @johncarton3023
    @johncarton3023 5 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    I straight up love everything about this.

  • @Just_a_Danish_viking
    @Just_a_Danish_viking 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +11

    Love seeing some dane axe sparring. Would be great to se more dane axe!

  • @anderseckstrand7033
    @anderseckstrand7033 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    I really appreciate this live demonstration! Thank you gentlemen.

  • @dviper2093
    @dviper2093 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +28

    great example of how simply grabbing or hooking the spear is way harder than people make it seem. Much more difficult when the other figher has a vote in what's going on.

    • @ElkaPME
      @ElkaPME 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +5

      The problem with that logic is that the other guy is using a 2 handed weapon, _not_ a single handed one and he's also not using a shield. Melee combat requires a boatload of contexts to determine a given situation.

  • @catchthedream1142
    @catchthedream1142 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +7

    Always love your videos

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  7 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      Happy you enjoy them.

  • @theblueflame2221
    @theblueflame2221 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +9

    1:02 Hah an audience once gave me crap for doing that during an event against a horse rider wondering why I didn't hold my hand axe 'correctly'.
    I never understood why people bothered with swords when you can have an axe instead. Fun demonstration you folks!

    • @tatumergo3931
      @tatumergo3931 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

      The majority of the populace just wants to be entertained, not educated. It's all about the spectacle and the drama, not the crude reality of life.
      You often see that type of situation with the more lesser known Japanese Ryu-has, when they demonstrate weird or different methods of swordsmanship. Then you have to go into an lengthy explanation of why it is done as such.

  • @hardstylelife5749
    @hardstylelife5749 5 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    That was fun…most interesting! It It looks like (to me) that when somebody go against a spear he often start trying to fight as if they have a spear in order to attempt competing. Thanks for sharing it

  • @MrAmericanaSam
    @MrAmericanaSam 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +9

    The throat singing is an unexpected touch, but makes a nice complement to the action.

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  7 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

      The reason why I decided to use shamanic chants in this video is because Neil Price, in his ground-breaking work "The Viking Way", has convincingly pointed out the strong influences of shamanic rituals on Viking Age Scandinavian beliefs. So the choice of soundtrack here is based on what I consider appropriate in light of academic research. If you enjoyed, the better.

  • @khoaphqwerty8034
    @khoaphqwerty8034 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    amazing background elements that immerse the friendly fight

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  6 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Nothing compares to training with friends in reconstrcucted gear in an appropriate venue.

  • @sandiipa2988
    @sandiipa2988 5 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    I enjoy a lot a friendly and peaceful atmosphere of this competition) ❤😊

  • @rochrich1223
    @rochrich1223 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +14

    You don't tend to think of the axe as a stabbing weapon, but sometimes...

    • @oneukum
      @oneukum 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Sure, but at that point, shouldn't you have carried a spear in the first place?

    • @csch1510
      @csch1510 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

      That's exactly why som axes have a pumel or tip at the lower end

    • @iticotaco5603
      @iticotaco5603 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

      Not every attack needs to be done with an optimized tool for that motion. It makes you horrendously predictable. Thrust with the axe head is a staple of the axe moveset, it does plenty of damage without having a spike/spear tip, just a pure crushing jab​. Same with hits using the back of the axehead despite the weapon not being optimized for that with a hammer or backspike, but it's a very common dane axe attack anyways @@oneukum

  • @Corvusdotensis
    @Corvusdotensis 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    It's good to know that in Denmark there are still people who preserve ancient traditions, instead of certain mistakes of post-modern society. Please keep posting!

    • @tatumergo3931
      @tatumergo3931 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Yes agree, people should preserve their culture, heritage and history!

  • @ButlerianG-Haddinun
    @ButlerianG-Haddinun 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +6

    "are ya down? = "how ya doing...
    that's me "how ya doing, boincy?"

  • @richstone2627
    @richstone2627 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +5

    Thank you for sharing.

    • @atune2682
      @atune2682 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      Second that +1

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  7 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

      Thank you for the kind reception, guys.

  • @VadeInSpiritu
    @VadeInSpiritu 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

    Spear and shield looks like such a great combo. Simplicity effective

  • @branch42
    @branch42 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +8

    The axe Has to be very agressive, his defence being putting his opponent completely on the defensive. These guys have fantastic control to not maim eachother.

    • @VvVv-mo5un
      @VvVv-mo5un 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Ты не сможешь махать двумя-тремя килограммами долго. А копьём можно долго колоть :)

  • @brianhowe201
    @brianhowe201 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I wonder if, when the axemen had their shield slung on their back or shoulder, if they didn't tilt it towards the enemy as they closed the distance, to cover some of the angles of attack?

  • @ObjectiveAnalysis
    @ObjectiveAnalysis 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    Is eye protection not necessary? Wouldn’t fancy that spear point coming at my eyes like that with me potentially moving towards it too, even with it being just a blunt training tip.

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  3 หลายเดือนก่อน

      This subject has been raised repeatedly in the comments before. The short answer is: yes, eye protection is always a good idea for safety concerns, and we do use it in other training contexts. However, one insight gained from training at different levels of gear and intensity is that both protection as well as blunt weapons distort research results because they change awareness and risk assessment fundamentally. In the specific museum context this video was recorded, modern protection is not an option. So this kind of practice must be carried out by experienced fighters only at whatever intensity and speed feels responsible and tolerable to them. It is not for everyone, of course. But that was true for training at arms at all times.

  • @Hades-im1ml
    @Hades-im1ml 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Any particular safety reasons fighter never use overhand spear grip ? Could be very interesting.
    As always great video!

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  3 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      I think I addressed that elswehre in the comments. Main reason is probably that a controlled slide-thrust from the overarm grip is even more difficult to do safely than from the underarm grip. It definitely would be a preferred technique to quickly end an encounter.

  • @theprancingprussian
    @theprancingprussian วันที่ผ่านมา

    even with a suboptimal technique (some have noticed it is better to brace the back of the spear haft with the inside of the arm and elbow) it still holds its own

  • @reaganviking
    @reaganviking 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Really impressive to watch the dueling of these two weapon systems. Obviously they have to go slow speed due to safety - but wouldn't tactics & techniques change if these duels were full speed and full force? It would be very interesting to see full speed & full force contests with protective equipment & rubber or blunted weapons (same weight & handling?)

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  3 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

      This question was asked in the comments, where you can find a more extensive answer. In a nutshell: the way you train is the way you fight. Without protection, risk assessment and awareness are better than with protective gear. This is even more obvious when using sharp weapons. We do all of that, so we know how difficult it is to hold back and not turn martial arts practice into a sports competition just because one suddenly becomes invulnerable. Frankly, I believe that most sparring in protective gear is a waste of time if you are interested in researching historical combat. Plus, it is not true that the combatants are holding back in terms of speed here. They simply do not over-commit so easily which is another bad side effect of sparring in protective gear. It may be perceived as slow because economy of movement. The speed of decisive weapon actions is what counts, not any jumping about in between.

  • @valklattmisstag
    @valklattmisstag 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

    1:25 What a move!

  • @Aurichalcam
    @Aurichalcam 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    This looks like a lot of fun

  • @chrisnewport7826
    @chrisnewport7826 2 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    He has no shield, off him from a distance so you can watch “I Love Lucy”

  • @vishmonster
    @vishmonster 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Really spectacular stuff!

  • @Doradanis1
    @Doradanis1 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    This video makes me so damn anxious..... xD
    But great work guys!

  • @Davlavi
    @Davlavi 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    Nice sparing section.

  • @DivinePonies
    @DivinePonies 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Feels like going full force and speed spear would excel even more. Looks very hard to dodge or parry a fast precise throw.

  • @patricklange7715
    @patricklange7715 5 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Moin Moin ✌️
    Its more interesting then every movie fight Scene! Thank you 👌
    Greetings from Holsteen

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  3 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Bitteschön, freut uns, wenn es gefällt!

  • @MyCommentsRMaturelol
    @MyCommentsRMaturelol 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Yes, yes, but what of pointy stick versus roundboi?

  • @rabidspatula1013
    @rabidspatula1013 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

    Makes you wonder if the origins of Dane axe fighting developed from combat in a more confined space like a ship vs ship battlw. There the range was already cut down and spearmen could not manuever as much. And it goes without saying that armor would certainly increase the survivability of the Dane axe fighter to close. As well as teamwork, say a Dane axe fighter with comrade using a shield to actively control enemy spears.

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  7 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

      Yes indeed. From what we can tell, two-handed axes were used by heavily armoured special forces.

    • @АнтонОрлов-я1ъ
      @АнтонОрлов-я1ъ 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      I've recently read a late (13th century, if I remember correctly) Norvegian source, where spears and swords are recomended as the main and secondary weapon for a field battle, but axes are included in a list of weapons useful in naval battles. So I think that your idea of Dane axes developing as a weapon for naval combat is pretty reasonable.

  • @brotherericus
    @brotherericus 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I imagine there is more energy involved controlling the axe with horizontal and lateral movements, as opposed to merely thrusting with the spear which can deny so much space and erase distance so swiftly

  • @hav9561
    @hav9561 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    Fedt at se! Får mig til at tænke på om træning i gamle dage så sådan ud, nok ikke med så meget latter!

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  7 หลายเดือนก่อน +5

      I think that more modern practitioners should devote more time and energy on figuring out what historical training might have looked like, instead of putting on excessive amounts of modern protection to create questionable forms of combat simulation. Anyway, one 13th century combat training advice is to not "drink until you get merry" - which to me suggests that they did have fun at training at times.

  • @aidanhendricksen4832
    @aidanhendricksen4832 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    Great video, loved it

  • @bretalvarez3097
    @bretalvarez3097 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Very nice, I imagine in such a dueling scenario the spear user could have a better advantage in an overhand grip.

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  7 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      Mikkel does indeed change into this grip a couple of times. We believe that delivering a slide-thrust from there is indeed the most powerful and dangerous attack which is why it is seen in historical sources since antiquity and well into the late Middle Ages. However, it is also the most difficult to do in a safe manner. So this is the main reason why we find it difficult to apply in this kind of practice.

  • @divermike8943
    @divermike8943 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I can only imagine the number of injuries that these guys get from these simulated duals. I'm sure the weapons are blunt but can only be so blunt.

  • @WritingFighter
    @WritingFighter 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    What are you using to protect the wood from the rain?

  • @Wraithninja1
    @Wraithninja1 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I wonder if wielding the axe more like a guan dao would work better.

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  7 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      Regarding gripping the Dane axe: Emil explained their approach at a conference at the Danish National Museum. A video of their complete demo and discussion can be accessed here: exciting-pioneer-6049.ck.page/68ce4e381d

  • @gotfrydzbouillon4191
    @gotfrydzbouillon4191 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +9

    True is that the opponent with spear and shield 90% time win with Daneaxer.

    • @Nitram7482
      @Nitram7482 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      That is because the dane axe, similar to the montante, spadone and other two handed cutting weapons was used to break formations in group combat, applying great force against unaware enemies (Which are focused on your companions) to kill them in one blow and open a gap in their formation. But struggles a lot in individual combat

    • @gotfrydzbouillon4191
      @gotfrydzbouillon4191 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

      ​@@Nitram7482 I know for what Daneaxe is i use it myself :D

  • @runehansen4417
    @runehansen4417 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Loved to see it :)
    I cant wait to join Ullrs Hird next year

  • @Alberad08
    @Alberad08 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Pretty amazing to watch. This must require an extreme degree of motion controll for not to injure or kill your partners - even if the weapons here got blunted.

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      We do train a lot, and the mindset is important too. Thanks for the appreciation.

  • @austincann4772
    @austincann4772 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +10

    The spear man often retreats when pressed, but what if this were not possible if he were in a shield wall formation?

    • @Torque2100
      @Torque2100 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +14

      In shield wall the technique changes. You rely on your allies to cover you and you cover them in turn.

    • @MrOhitsujiza
      @MrOhitsujiza 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +5

      There would be like 3-5 spear tips(at least) to get past then which would not make it feasible to go in like that.

    • @peterheinrichs7634
      @peterheinrichs7634 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      Shield walls are a completely different talk! ;o)
      But, there's way more content about shield walls at YT than about single fighting. Free free to go and have a months long rabbit hole (at least)!

    • @TheSquidPro
      @TheSquidPro 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      The man behind him spears you overhead.

    • @peterheinrichs7634
      @peterheinrichs7634 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +5

      @@TheSquidPro Years ago when they allowed dane axes at Neustadt Glewe field battle, they said: long axes changed the battlefield dramastically. You cann't allow yourself to defend you're neighbors as much as before, 'cause you have to defend your own front and top now with way more awareness.
      That said, I guess: dane axe works better in a shield wall. Synergy effects benefit long axe fighters.

  • @oberKGBler
    @oberKGBler 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Do you guys with experience think that its a big disadvantage for the dane axe to not be able to hit the shield hard?

  • @topazserpent3775
    @topazserpent3775 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Yo the battle brothers gameplay is looking great! 😂

  • @ydkaachillesa9353
    @ydkaachillesa9353 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Basically confirms what we know: in 1on1 spearman is usually dominating as long as he have space to move around and keep distance. Formation would probably be different.

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  6 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      I agree. The only flaw with blunt weapon testing is that a sharp edge has significantly more potential to dominate a wooden shaft. In this respect, all blunte weapon fencing distorts the reality of historical combat. Here is a comparison of how a sharp edge fares as opposed to a blunt: th-cam.com/video/4a9LE1Nc_gk/w-d-xo.html Here is a video which shows how many axe blows a spear shaft might cope with before snapping: th-cam.com/video/f6G7p_ppnxA/w-d-xo.htmlsi=5oT3KmcAQCu4Zw2c

    • @ydkaachillesa9353
      @ydkaachillesa9353 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@swordandshield Interesting.
      However I think major obstacle in reconstuction of basically any form of close combat is still human psychology. The level of fear and excitement combatants with sharp weapons must endured must have had massive influence over how this combat worked. Sharp pointy stick 20 cm from ones face is something entirely different when wielded by your sparring friend and actual enemy. Probably spear just because of its length had additional advantage in this respect (?), while those big axes were very specialized weapons demanding guts and good armour. The axed combatant here, without any helmet and face protection, would most probably be dispatched quite easily in real fight.

  • @BernardPutersznit
    @BernardPutersznit 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    my first thought why not beard bind spear against shield then clobber with a ' head thrust'

  • @JulyFourth1776
    @JulyFourth1776 5 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    2:31 Nice defense and offense at the same time!

  • @MundusMeus974
    @MundusMeus974 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Love the clothing, looks very comfortable.

  • @TheLastKentuckyIrregular9524
    @TheLastKentuckyIrregular9524 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    There is a reason the Celts loved spears. People often associate them with the longsword, which they favored for dueling, but it was the spear they loved the most. They even had a now-forgotten martial art based on it and many of their heroes favored it. Versatile and deadly weapon.

  • @immortal3293
    @immortal3293 5 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Great to see

  • @Denbot7
    @Denbot7 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Great sparring. Given the simple effectiveness of the spear and shield, what do you think the role of the Dane axe was on the battlefield? It looks to me like one would have to be very aggressive at their own peril to be effective with the axe.

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      From what we can tell, two-handed axes were used by heavily armoured special forces, such as the Varangian guard, or the Huscarls. The latter are shown in action on the Bayeux Tapestry. I am not aware of any detailed sources. But you can find a video with an introduction to the research approach and a demo given at a conference at the Danish National Museum here: exciting-pioneer-6049.ck.page/68ce4e381d

  • @Welther47
    @Welther47 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Sparring er sjovt, men der er ikke meget pointe i at svinge våben i hovedet på hinanden uden at træne teknik. Men det er en god måde at miste et øje på.

  • @aegirkarl1411
    @aegirkarl1411 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Have you tested the right underhand grip in a close formation? I wonder if the axe would not be in a natural defence position at rest and it would be more difficult for the spearman to defend against the axe pushed towards the hand or face without room to manoeuvre?

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  6 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      There are so many aspects and variables in such a scenario that are impossible to address in a comment section. But measure is indeed key, as always. And the fact remains that the party with shorter weapons first has to get past spear points before they can do damage. Never an easy task, in particular when spears can come from multiple angles.

  • @wyattw9727
    @wyattw9727 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    The fights seem like the shield almost does more for the axeman than it does for the spearmen. Particularly thinking about the moment at 1:30 where two handing the spear leads to immediate victory. But the lack of a solid lever grip looks like it makes handling parries from the axe pretty bad.

  • @hafniaanonymous7605
    @hafniaanonymous7605 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Good and serious training... fun times 😀

  • @imperialhistorian4201
    @imperialhistorian4201 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Uhhh... no protection?

    • @CodyHomes
      @CodyHomes 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Both are wearing gamberson that's light duty armor and padded protective clothing, often worn underneath more armor. They also have large shields that off a lot of heavy level protection. Same with the chain mail, other than medium level protection against stabbing. It's a reenactment with period accurate protection and weapons.

    • @imperialhistorian4201
      @imperialhistorian4201 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@CodyHomes With a thrusting weapon and no face protection is a disfigurement waiting to happen

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      In my experience, the more protection is worn, the less precise practitioners become. The pros and cons of protective gear have been discussed repeatedly in this video's comments, in case you are interested.

  • @VTPSTTU
    @VTPSTTU 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Thanks for the video.
    In real life, how much of Dane axe fighting was one on one and how much was part of groups fighting. I can more easily imagine one soldier along a shield line wielding a Dane axe to break up the other side's shield line. The soldier wielding the Dane axe would be protected by spearmen on his own side who were holding shields.

    • @TheNEOverse
      @TheNEOverse 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

      The man with dane axe is usually a mailed professional. Most spearmen would be quite lightly equipped, which changes things a fair bit.
      Armour is a bigger factor than reach.

    • @VTPSTTU
      @VTPSTTU 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      @@TheNEOverse That makes sense. Thanks!

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  7 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

      What the @TheNEOverse said. On the 11th century the Dane axe-wielding so-called Housecarls were an Anglo-Saxon elite unit, fully armoured. In Byzantium, the so-called Varangian guard allegedly used the nordic two-handed axe. They were special forces too.

    • @VTPSTTU
      @VTPSTTU 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      @@swordandshield Thank you both!

  • @jancello
    @jancello 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    This is a great display of skill, however I have two questions about the choice of weapons and technique:
    - why are the spears only handled in an underhand grip, when nearly all sources (admittedly we have few for that time period) point toward the use of an overhand grip?
    - you're clearly sparring in a "duelling" context, but do we have any evidence of these weapons being used in single combat (or in very small skirmishes)? The spear with shield is common yes, but the axe seems to be very much a battlefield weapon... unless we take into account the possibility that the icelandic "bryntröll" is a dane-axe, in which case this is a number of skirmishes/ambushes where it is used.

    • @hafniaanonymous7605
      @hafniaanonymous7605 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Well for one its a training setting, and ment to be that... also broad axes are shown in civilian contekst on the tapestry.. and in some sence being a "professionals" weapon there is probably also use outside of battlefield.. some mentions in medieval texts and sagas... but again its written in the 1200's...
      However it is definately a disadvantage going one on one against spear and shield with a broadaxe 😆 but a great challenge...

    • @jancello
      @jancello 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      @@hafniaanonymous7605 No *fighting* is shown in a civilian context in the Bayeux Tapestry. They are carrying these axes around as status symbols. And the fighting is done in armour and in formation.
      As for the sagas as I wrote it's unclear, there are axes yes, broadaxes are very rare, and in active use out of a pitched battle / armoured context event rarer.

    • @hafniaanonymous7605
      @hafniaanonymous7605 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      I agree no civillian fighting is shown =)...

    • @hafniaanonymous7605
      @hafniaanonymous7605 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      All im saying is that they will have trained with the axe... as do we... I 100% agree that the merits of the broadaxe is with armour and in the contekst of infantry combat on a specialized level

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  7 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      All good points. Mikkel does indeed change into the overam grip occasionally. I would like to see it more often too. The reason why it is difficult to use in this training context (that is without additional protective gear) is that it is much more difficult to safely apply it, in contrast to the underam grip (which is confirmed by period images too, by the way). This is presumably the reason why it was so widespread a ward: A slide-thrust delivered from the overarm ward is extremely efficient! As for evidence of Dane axe use in duelling contexts: No, none that I am aware of. One could argue that, with the Varangian Guard being equipped with two-handed axes, there might have been contexts other than battles. but that as highly conjectural. Anyway, the scarcity of sources would never keep us from exploring various training contexts for the simple reason that we can. And if only to confirm that it is extremely challenging for the axe fighter to confront a shielded spearman in duel.

  • @LordVictorHalgaard
    @LordVictorHalgaard 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    The axe looks very short to me - but good fighting!

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Thanks. Axe length is historically accurate, based on period depictions and surviving examples: sagy.vikingove.cz/en/two-handed-axes/

  • @tatumergo3931
    @tatumergo3931 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I would like to see a collab with Hirdmen channel, they have done similar tests and experiments.

    • @hafniaanonymous7605
      @hafniaanonymous7605 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      September 2024 at hervirke at trelleborg... it will happen 😊

    • @tatumergo3931
      @tatumergo3931 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      @@hafniaanonymous7605. Those are very good news. I'll be waiting for the videos.

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  7 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      Our fellow martial artists and researchers from Hirdmenn are close friends indeed.

    • @tatumergo3931
      @tatumergo3931 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      @@swordandshield . I figure as much, they often mention you.

  • @Lukas-t2o
    @Lukas-t2o 12 วันที่ผ่านมา

    The Dane Ax needs to be used with momentum each swing or thrust should carry into another

  • @davidschlageter5962
    @davidschlageter5962 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

    Scary without eye pro!! :O

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  7 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      Indeed. On the other hand, practitioners tend to become less precise the more protection is worn. Anyway, in this museum display context, the gear is confined to period kit. So without appropriate skill and mindset it would definitely be better to refrain from it.

  • @Huy-G-Le
    @Huy-G-Le 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Got to wonder if the Greek also fought like this, every time the formation broke, or when they were using lighter shield.

  • @lorgaraurelian1480
    @lorgaraurelian1480 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank you for the video. Obviously, you enjoy historical reenactment! A chain mail like that costs a lot more then a shield, so the spear and shield guy is in a disadvantage in a one-on-one duel. Another matter, if the shield guys form up a shield wall.

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  6 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      You are welcome. But what makes you conclude that the spear and shield fighter is at a disadvantage in this scenario?

  • @Beuwen_The_Dragon
    @Beuwen_The_Dragon 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Amazing to think that the Spear has really only ceased to be used in the last one hundred/one hundred fifty years…

    • @041mikey
      @041mikey 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

      You can make an argument that bayonets are a continuation of the spear

  • @motostradacompanhia6293
    @motostradacompanhia6293 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    que luta é essa, a função do machado é quebrar o escudo e ataques com força, e o uso do escudo é defender e desequilibrar o inimigo.

  • @AdemarLeBrave
    @AdemarLeBrave 5 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    What I like the most in this kind of video it's that it shows what vikings really look like and that Vikings serie is for some part totally 100% bullshit

  • @viggolito
    @viggolito หลายเดือนก่อน

    The dane axe were the varangian guards primary weapon along with a shield, the varangian guards were viking veterans serving as the byzantian emperors personal guard and as an elite force used in several battles. I guess they knew how to wield longaxe and shields against spears better than us today 😄

  • @blackjack7207
    @blackjack7207 หลายเดือนก่อน

    As someone who trains with and likes spears, I can only marvel at the skill I do not posses nor am I able to get due to circumstances

  • @utub1970
    @utub1970 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    that's bloody fun that is

  • @felipeschmoellerSCJ
    @felipeschmoellerSCJ 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Question... A Dane axe could be used like an 1 and half hand axe w/ a shield?
    I dont know much about ancient/medieval warfare.
    Also, if armor wasnt so good in ancient times because you stay too much exposed, as we can see, how they could be used efectively? Just in a proper formation, rather then v1 combats in the battlefield?
    I ask because i have too much of these made fantasy warriors in my mind, so is good to see the response from someone who practice real combat...
    And sorry if my english isn good.
    EDIT: try to caught the handle of the enemies spear was a thing or is just too risky? I notice the guy doing this in the video, i think i would try the same thing.

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  3 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      The armour worn in combat is not only a question of efficiency and protection but also of martial culture and availability. Efficiency as defined by modern people is a lot less important a factor in historical combat as a specific martial culture and its respective values. This is actually no different today, even if combat and its socially accepted rules are very different (and can, of course always be broken). Also, the armour is always a trade-off between protection and additional weight and restricted mobility. Again, same as today.
      As for grabbing an opposing weapon: Disarms are a standard technique in all martial arts. They are part of all historical combat treatieses, too, including blade grabs.

  • @john-draftanimal
    @john-draftanimal 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    In a duel with a spear, better to loose the shield and two-hand the spear. Then its like a long rapier, very effective.

  • @thundershirt1
    @thundershirt1 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    I would think that a quick, one hand spear jab would barely effect an opponent in mail.

    • @kirbyhh1392
      @kirbyhh1392 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      I would think that a quick, one hand spear jab would barely effect an opponent in mail.
      ++++
      Well, a spearhead is at least as narrow as the tip of a sword. So a quick 1h jab with a spear has at least the same penetration as an equally quick stab with a sword. A 2h spear thrust does have significantly more penetration than a "2h" sword thrust.
      And the video shows, that you can VERY quickly switch from attacking the feet to attacking the head.
      The spear has only one significant disadvantage: You might be able to bypass its range.
      But that seems to be harder than one might think.

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  3 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      We have tested that and spear points-which are considerably more acute than sword points in this era-do have the capacity to penetrate mail armour. This being said, it would still be far from meaningless receiving such impact, even if it did not pierce the armour.

  • @LazaroTalaya
    @LazaroTalaya 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Where do you buy these axes for combat? Thanks sir. Beautiful video.

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      I actually do not know where the fighters in the video got their axes from. Thor's Forge by Tord Bergelin is known for making great Dane axes. I am sure you can track him down.

  • @jurtheorc8117
    @jurtheorc8117 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    Axe? Axe! AAAAAAAAXE!
    Love me some axe being used with finesse.

    • @VuurBarbaar
      @VuurBarbaar 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

      HAMMEEEERRR....oh f wrong place

    • @jurtheorc8117
      @jurtheorc8117 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      @@VuurBarbaar A Dutch fire barbarian? Here? AT THE OTHER SIDE OF MY COMPUTER?
      Het is waarschijnlijker dan je denkt.

  • @Matt_Alaric
    @Matt_Alaric 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Surely the people with the axes have to hold back their speed and power for fear of injuring their opponent if it connects? Like you can't safely and delicately recreate a full speed axe swing.

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  7 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      Yes and no. There definitely is a great inherent risk of injury which calls for utmost control in practice. This does slow down some actions, swift changes in combos in particular. On the other hand, the two-hande axe is top heavy a weapon, and requires precise and controlled maneuvers to prevent exposing yourself. Plus, each hard blow on a shield means a clear pressure signal easy to respond to for an able opponent, and dedication to one action implies having less tactical flexibility during this action. This should be resereved for the moment when you have established control, and the decisivel blow is but the icing on the cake. Finally, with sharps one has to avoid getting caught in the shield. So utmost control is also called for when the opponent's safety is not a consideration. I would also like to point out that, in terms of speed, it is weapon speed that counts, not the speed at which combatants move. The economy of movement that can be seen with skilled martial artists is oftentimes deceiving because general audiences are used to watch the overall frame. But looking at the spear point alone, or the axe head, then I do not feel that they would move considerably faster in other training scenarios.

  • @GK-cb3vc
    @GK-cb3vc 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    The long axe is super dangerous if your opponent is distracted and doesn't see your super obvious hooking or chopping moves coming from a mile away.
    In reality though it was the rarest of battlefield weapons, the very last behind every other "... and shield" combinations and was mostly used a cheaper alternative to a two handed sword.
    edit: In fact I reckon the main value of it was signaling to the opponent that you are an elite soldier that doesn't mind sacrificing defensive capability for extra offense.

  • @anthonymerten1734
    @anthonymerten1734 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I've always wondered how someone trained in armor would treat a spear opponent. A spear is great with long range, and fast recovery but if you attack an armored location and your opponent advances on you then they have a great advantage. Context matters though, training, fighting in ranks, role, armor etc etc.

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  6 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Good point. Based on previous tests, we considered spear shots to a hauberk as a valid, fight terminating hit in this form of training. Slices, however, would have no cutting ability. You can see Mikkel addressing this issue in the full 10 minute video: exciting-pioneer-6049.ck.page/e291efd8de This being said, while e.g. a thrust from a Viking sword has a lot less armour piercing capability, the impact of being stabbed would feel like a massive punch and could hardly be ignored. At any rate, armour offers protection when e.g. your skill has betrayed you. But it was never made to replace skill.

  • @wojciechprzewozniak597
    @wojciechprzewozniak597 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Spear is really good, but in ranked combat with long shaft axe (later halberd itp) you can hook the shields or the whole guys out of ranks. Also blunt-trauma armoured guys in long fights..

  • @_rinala
    @_rinala 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    You can see how dangerously easy is to end with that point impaled in your face - even by skilled folk. Now imagine 100 guys facing you... The spear was truly the backbone of mankind

  • @michaelsanders7484
    @michaelsanders7484 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    What language are they speaking?

  • @leadensamuran
    @leadensamuran 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Bullet - is a distant spear

  • @kaivirkkala3213
    @kaivirkkala3213 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Axe battler, use the shield to protect your torso and swing axe at the opponents feet and legs, then go for the killer blow.

    • @clearmelody6252
      @clearmelody6252 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      I think they know what they're doing, mate.

    • @kaivirkkala3213
      @kaivirkkala3213 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@clearmelody6252
      Yes I am aware of that, but that is what I see what I would do for change the battle tactics and get the opponent off guard..😉

    • @aselliofacchio
      @aselliofacchio 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

      You cannot wield a dane axe while using a shield, genius, it's a two handed weapon...

  • @jeremiahglover6404
    @jeremiahglover6404 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    This is really well done. Unfortunately they can't safely use much of the power of a two handed axe, which against a single handed spear could make a big difference.

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      I am not so sure. There definitely is a great inherent risk of injury which calls for utmost axe control in practice which does slow down some actions. On the other hand, the two-hande axe is top heavy a weapon, and requires precise and controlled maneuvers to prevent exposing yourself. Plus, each hard blow on a shield means a clear pressure signal easy to respond to for an able opponent, and dedication to one action implies having less tactical flexibility during this action. This should be reserved for the moment when you have established control, and the decisivel blow is but the icing on the cake, in particular against a weapon moving so fast as the spear. Finally, with sharps one has to avoid getting caught in the shield. So utmost control is also called for when the opponent's safety is not a consideration.

    • @jeremiahglover6404
      @jeremiahglover6404 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      @swordandshield Finesse and timing are always necessary. I'm not suggesting swinging an axe like a baseball bat. But the spear/shield has significant advantage of reach and cover. The only advantage the axe has is power, which I think could be used with control to move the obstacles while closing the distance. Of course, discussing it is much easier than doing it.

    • @swordandshield
      @swordandshield  7 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

      @@jeremiahglover6404 Plus, there is always room for improvement, no matter how long you train.

  • @Schmidt54
    @Schmidt54 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    he axed the wrong questions

  • @Iscariotes-fx6ev
    @Iscariotes-fx6ev 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Batalhas antigas são mais interessantes que as atuais.