What Exactly is: Hoatzin and Why is it Called the Flying Cow
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 3 ก.ค. 2024
- Hoatzin is quite a unique bird. Some people call them the flying cow, some call them the stink bird, some perhaps both. Because of their unique traits, I’ve seen some people labelled them as a close relative to Archaeopteryx, or primitive birds in general, but that’s not true at all.
0:00 Opening thought
0:36 Hoatzin
2:19 Unique digestive system
4:17 Mysterious origin
References
Pagès, F. (2019). Compared and functional morphology of the hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin). Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO]. Museum national d'histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS. English. theses.hal.science/tel-02929631.
Wu, S., Rheindt, F.E., Zhang, J., & Liu, L. (2024). Genomes, fossils, and the concurrent rise of modern birds and flowering plants in the Late Cretaceous. Evolution, 121(8), e2319696121. doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2319696121.
Godoy-Vitorino, F., Ley, R. E., Gao, Z., et al. (2008). Bacterial community in the crop of the hoatzin, a neotropical folivorous flying bird. Applied and environmental microbiology, 74(19), 5905-5912. doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00574-08.
Grajal, A. & Parra, O., (1995). Passage Rates of Digesta Markers in the Gut of the Hoatzin, a Folivorous Bird with Foregut Fermentation. The Condor, 97(3), 675-683. doi.org/10.2307/1369176.
Mayr, G., Alvarenga, H. & Mourer-Chauviré, C. (2011). Out of Africa: Fossils shed light on the origin of the hoatzin, an iconic Neotropic bird. Naturwissenschaften. 98, 961. doi.org/10.1007/s00114-011-08....
Mayr, G. & De Pietri, V.L. (2014). Earliest and first Northern Hemispheric hoatzin fossils substantiate Old World origin of a “Neotropic endemic”. Naturwissenschaften. 101, 143-148. doi.org/10.1007/s00114-014-11....
Outro
Bubbles Drifting in the Morning Breeze - Artificial.Music & Akosmo
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Well produced and fact filled video on an interesting animal.
This has got to be the most fascinating bird video! I didn't think it could get any stranger than the shoebill, bower bird or platypus. Thank you for proving this new subscriber wrong! --Even though the platypus, 😳 well, come on!
Informational 🎉🎉
Thanks for the video! Super informative and Hoatzin are soooo cool in my opinion
Well done video!
Thank you for the video. Subscribed.🌱🐄🌱
Birds are animals that constitute the class Aves, there are many extant species under thirty orders, four superorders, and a single subclass, living bird species range in size from the bee hummingbird to the north african ostrich, the thirty extant orders of birds are Tinamiformes (Tinamous), Struthioniformes (Ostriches), Rheiformes (Rheas), Casuariiformes (Cassowaries and Emu), Apterygiformes (Kiwis), Opisthocomiformes (Hoatzin), Falconiformes (Birds of Prey), Galliformes (Gamebirds), Anseriformes (Waterfowl), Gruiformes (Cranes, Limpkin, Trumpeter, Rails, Crakes, Sora, Gallinules, Nativehens, Swamphens, Moorhen, Watercock, Coots, Finfoots, Flufftails, Woodrails, and Forest Rails), Charadriiformes (Shorebirds), Ciconiiformes (Storks, Herons, Egrets, Bitterns, Ibises, and Spoonbills), Pelecaniformes (Pelicans, Cormorants, Shags, Darters, Frigatebirds, Boobies, Gannets, Tropicbirds, Shoebill, Hamerkop, Sunbittern, and Kagu), Procellariiformes (Petrels, Shearwaters, Fulmars, Prions, Albatrosses, and Storm Petrels), Podicipediformes (Grebes), Gaviiformes (Loons), Phoenicopteriformes (Flamingos), Sphenisciformes (Penguins), Pteroclidiformes (Sandgrouse), Columbiformes (Pigeons and Doves), Cuculiformes (Cuckoos, Turacos, Bustards, and Mesites), Caprimulgiformes (Nightjars, Nighthawks, Poorwills, Pauraques, Owlet Nightjars, Frogmouths, Potoos, and Oilbird), Apodiformes (Swifts and Hummingbirds), Strigiformes (Owls), Trogoniformes (Trogons), Piciformes (Woodpeckers, Honeyguides, Toucans, Barbets, Jacamars, and Puffbirds), Coraciiformes (Rollers, Kingfishers, Bee-Eaters, Motmots, Todies, Hornbills, Hoopoes, Woodhoopoes, and Scimitarbills), Coliiformes (Mousebirds), Psittaciformes (Parrots), and Passeriformes (Passerines), the four extant superorders of birds are Palaeognathae, Palaeoaves, Aequornithes, and Telluraves, the Palaeognathae superorder is split into the grandorders Tinamimorphae (Tinamous and Fossil Relatives) and Struthionimorphae (Ratites), the tinamous (order Tinamiformes) are the sole extant order of the Tinamimorphae grandorder, while ratites (grandorder Struthionimorphae) are divided into the mirorders Struthionorheae (Holotropical Ratites) for the orders Struthioniformes and Rheiformes and Casuarioapterygae (Oceanian Ratites) for the orders Casuariiformes and Apterygiformes, the Palaeoaves superorder contains the orders Opisthocomiformes, Falconiformes, Galliformes, and Anseriformes, the Aequornithes superorder is split into the grandorders Gruicharadriae, Ciconiopelecanae, and Procellariimorphae, the Gruicharadriae grandorder contains the orders Gruiformes and Charadriiformes, the Ciconiopelecanae grandorder contains the orders Ciconiiformes and Pelecaniformes, and the Procellariimorphae grandorder is divided into the mirorders Procellariae for only the order Procellariiformes, Gaviopodicipedae for the orders Podicipediformes and Gaviiformes, and Phoenicopterospheniscae for the orders Phoenicopteriformes and Sphenisciformes, and the Telluraves superorder is split into the grandorders Columbimorphae, Furitivornithes, and Coraciopasserea, the Columbimorphae grandorder contains the orders Pteroclidiformes and Columbiformes, the Furitivornithes grandorder contains the orders Cuculiformes, Caprimulgiformes, Apodiformes, and Strigiformes, and the Coraciopasserea grandorder is divided into the mirorders Coraciimorphae for the orders Trogoniformes, Piciformes, and Coraciiformes and Passerimorphae for the orders Coliiformes, Psittaciformes, and Passeriformes
List of bird orders:
1) Tinamiformes (contains 1 family: Tinamidae)
2) Struthioniformes (contains 1 family: Struthionidae)
3) Rheiformes (contains 1 family: Rheidae)
4) Casuariiformes (contains 2 families: Dromaiidae and Casuariidae)
5) Apterygiformes (contains 1 family: Apterygidae)
6) Opisthocomiformes (contains 1 family: Opisthocomidae)
7) Falconiformes (contains 9 families: Cariamidae, Sagittariidae, Aquilidae, Accipitridae, Pandionidae, Aegypiidae, Caracaridae, Falconidae, and Cathartidae)
8) Galliformes (contains 9 families: Megapodiidae, Cracidae, Numididae, Rollulidae, Phasianidae, Odontophoridae, Perdicidae, Tetraonidae, and Gallidae)
9) Anseriformes (contains 6 families: Anhimidae, Anseranatidae, Anseridae, Dendrocygnidae, Anatidae, and Mergidae)
10) Gruiformes (contains 6 families: Sarothuridae, Heliornithidae, Rallidae, Psophiidae, Aramidae, and Gruidae)
11) Charadriiformes (contains 20 families: Pedionomidae, Turnicidae, Thinocoridae, Rostratulidae, Jacanidae, Scolopacidae, Charadriidae, Pluvianellidae, Recurvirostridae, Ibidorhynchidae, Haematopodidae, Glareolidae, Dromadidae, Pluvianidae, Burhinidae, Chionidae, Laridae, Stercorariidae, Sternidae, and Alcidae)
12) Ciconiiformes (contains 3 families: Threskiornithidae, Ardeidae, and Ciconiidae)
13) Pelecaniformes (contains 10 families: Rhynochetidae, Eurypygidae, Scopidae, Balaenicipitidae, Phaethontidae, Sulidae, Fregatidae, Anhingidae, Phalacrocoracidae, and Pelecanidae)
14) Procellariiformes (contains 4 families: Oceanitidae, Hydrobatidae, Diomedeidae, and Procellariidae)
15) Podicipediformes (contains 1 family: Podicipedidae)
16) Gaviiformes (contains 1 family: Gaviidae)
17) Phoenicopteriformes (contains 1 family: Phoenicopteridae)
18) Sphenisciformes (contains 1 family: Spheniscidae)
19) Pteroclidiformes (contains 1 family: Pteroclididae)
20) Columbiformes (contains 1 family: Columbidae)
21) Cuculiformes (contains 4 families: Musophagidae, Cuculidae, Otididae, and Mesitornithidae)
22) Caprimulgiformes (contains 5 families: Caprimulgidae, Aegotgelidae, Podargidae, Nyctibiidae, and Steatornithidae)
23) Apodiformes (contains 3 families: Hemiprocnidae, Apodidae, and Trochilidae)
24) Strigiformes (contains 2 families: Tytonidae and Strigidae)
25) Trogoniformes (contains 1 family: Trogonidae)
26) Piciformes (contains 9 families: Bucconidae, Galbulidae, Indicatoridae, Picidae, Megalaimidae, Lybiidae, Semnornithidae, Capitonidae, and Ramphastidae)
27) Coraciiformes (contains 10 families: Coraciidae, Brachypteraciidae, Leptosomidae, Todidae, Momotidae, Meropidae, Alcedinidae, Phoeniculidae, Upupidae, and Bucerotidae)
28) Coliiformes (contains 1 family: Coliidae)
29) Psittaciformes (contains 8 families: Nestoridae, Strigopidae, Nymphicidae, Cacatuidae, Pezoporidae, Psittaculidae, Psittacidae, and Aridae)
30) Passeriformes (contains 145 families: Acanthisittidae, Pittidae, Philepittidae, Sapayoidae, Eurylaimidae, Calyptomenidae, Pipridae, Cotingidae, Tityridae, Tyrannidae, Melanopareiidae, Conopophagidae, Thamnophilidae, Grallariidae, Rhinocryptidae, Formicariidae, Furnariidae, Menuridae, Atrichornithidae, Climacteridae, Ptilonorhynchidae, Pomatostomidae, Orthonychidae, Maluridae, Dasyornithidae, Meliphagidae, Pardalotidae, Acanthizidae, Cinclostomatidae, Campephagidae, Mohouidae, Neosittidae, Psophodidae, Eulacestomidae, Falcunculidae, Oreoicidae, Paramythiidae, Vireonidae, Pachycephalidae, Oriolidae, Machaerirhynchidae, Artamidae, Peltopsidae, Cracticidae, Rhagologidae, Malaconotidae, Pityriaseidae, Aegithinidae, Platysteiridae, Vangidae, Rhipiduridae, Dricruridae, Ifritidae, Monarchidae, Paradisaeidae, Corcoracidae, Melampittidae, Platylophidae, Laniidae, Corvidae, Cnemophilidae, Melanochartidae, Notiomystidae, Callaeidae, Petroicidae, Eupetidae, Chaetopidae, Picathartidae, Hyliotidae, Stenostiridae, Paridae, Remizidae, Panuridae, Alaudidae, Nicatoridae, Macrosphenidae, Cisticolidae, Acrocephalidae, Donacobiidae, Bernieridae, Pnoepygidae, Hirundinidae, Pycnonotidae, Paradoxornithidae, Sylviidae, Zosteropidae, Timaliidae, Leiothrichidae, Pellorneidae, Phylloscopidae, Hyliidae, Aegithalidae, Erythrocercidae, Scotocercidae, Cettiidae, Regulidae, Dulidae, Bombycillidae, Ptiliogonyidae, Hylocitreidae, Hypocoliidae, Mohoidae, Tichodromidae, Sittidae, Certhiidae, Polioptilidae, Troglodytidae, Elachuridae, Cinclidae, Muscicapidae, Turdidae, Buphagidae, Sturnidae, Mimidae, Promeropidae, Modulatrichidae, Nectariniidae, Diceidae, Chloropseidae, Irenidae, Peucedramidae, Urocynchramidae, Ploceidae, Viduidae, Estrildidae, Prunellidae, Passeridae, Motacillidae, Fringillidae, Rhodinocichlidae, Passerellidae, Parulidae, Icteriidae, Icteridae, Calyptophilidae, Zeledoniidae, Nesospingidae, Spindalidae, Phaenicophilidae, Calcariidae, Emberizidae, Mitrospingidae, Thraupidae, Cardinalidae, and Geospizidae)
List of bird superorders:
1) Palaeognathae (contains 5 orders: Tinamiformes, Struthioniformes, Rheiformes, Casuariiformes, and Apterygiformes)
2) Palaeoaves (contains 4 orders: Opisthocomiformes, Falconiformes, Galliformes, and Anseriformes)
3) Aequornithes (contains 9 orders: Gruiformes, Charadriiformes, Ciconiiformes, Pelecaniformes, Procellariiformes, Podicipediformes, Gaviiformes, Phoenicopteriformes, and Sphenisciformes)
4) Telluraves (contains 12 orders: Pteroclidiformes, Columbiformes, Cuculiformes, Caprimulgiformes, Apodiformes, Strigiformes, Trogoniformes, Piciformes, Coraciiformes, Coliiformes, Psittaciformes, and Passeriformes)
I'm assuming they could've also flown straight from Europe to South America like the Ratites did. Great Video dude! Loving the new channel and looking forward to seeing all the other videos now.
We'll see when (or if) new records are found.
Finding new fossil records do feel like when a new clue is revealed in the middle of a mystery novel.
Sometimes it's a big head-scratcher, but still intriguing nonetheless
Birds sometimes get blown across oceans. Might this happen to even a weak flyer?
In theory yes, especially on a floating island, but we don't have a direct observation of this of course.
rafting is such a horrible hypothesis. all it proves these zoologists have zero understanding of how difficult ocean traveling actually is.
Sure you could say that, but there is a record (or two) of rafting event happening even in recent years (well, if you would say 13 years is recent that is).
Those that hypothesized so did so because it's the more likely explanation (at least one of).
I definitely agree that it sounds like such a miracle for a non-marine animal to be able to survive such event. I also agree that anyone shouldn't just use rafting event as answer to all the confusing distribution.
I personally wouldn't say any hypothesis is horrible before someone disprove it or propose a better one.
I mean, hundred years ago Semmelweis hypothesized that washing hands and surgical instruments is important, yet people said it's dumb. Now it became the usual practice.
@@OutofPlaceZoologist what rafting events are you referring to? would be interesting to read.
I can believe it's possible on shorter distances, but from Africa to South America 1000 kilometers open sea? not even worth considering to me. the oceans are terribly violent and the winds never blow and the waves never go to same direction for long periods of time - not to mention a straight continuous stream between the two continents. this results anyone drifting in the ocean to drift for years and years without even seeing a land, which obviously would kill any lifeform depending on fresh water and food very quickly on the raft, assuming they wouldn't be smashed into pieces by building tall waves. there's no way around it. on top of that, waves most often crash to the shore near the shoreline so most likely anything stranded on the shore will never take off and sail to the open sea - not to mention to another continent.
hypotheses can be horrible by their content. a hypothesis of triangle shaped earth would be horrible for very obvious reasons. they can be horrible and it doesn't depend on other alternative hypotheses, but their own content only. "we don't know" is always a good honest answer when we don't have working answers and solutions to a problem. speculation and open discussion is extremely important and more than welcome, i'm not saying that, but it should be treated as such.
@@Eye_ExistIt's the aftermath of tsunami in Japan. Some coastal animals got transported into coastal US, that's like, at least 7000 km i think? But yes, it is indeed still marine creatures, so in a way it's "easier" to happen.
Here is the link if you are interested
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aao1498
And yes, i honestly get you. I'm personally the type who always encouraged colleagues and students to not be afraid to say something like "we don't have enough data to form any conclusion". At the same time, i do understand that sometimes people's judgment can be harsh to those who said so.
Imagine you spent so much time and resources and you basically got no conclusive answer.
Scientifically speaking, that's not a problem, and there will never be a useless experiment.
But there will always be people who could not (or just wouldn't) see it that way.
So i could understand when several researchers think they needed to formulate an answer.
And, just to clarify, the researcher that published the articles I'm citing also did not just blatantly say it's rafting event. In fact i believe they first discussed about the possibility of dispersal through the northern hemisphere bridge (North America), but currently no Opisthocomiforms fossil had been found in North America, as i've also stated in the video i believe. So it's still open-ended until further discoveries.
@@OutofPlaceZoologist thank you for the link, it was curious to see that this kind of event indeed has been documented.
but there's two major points there: as you said they were marine species which means they were rafting through their natural habitat, and the time it took, first observations happening a year later from the tsunami. 5,500 km to alaska and 6,600 km to hawaii in a year, which was the first observation in the 6 year span, the distance between africa and south america being 2,500 km (not 1000 km as I previously said) at shortest point, meaning they should be expecting a half year trip after a similar tsunami event if everything went identical. as said, marine animals traveled through their natural habitat, but what would a forest bird eat and drink for 6 months? or a monkey or other mammals hypothesized? a fish wouldn't mind a wave crashing the raft into pieces but a bird or a mammal depend their life on the raft and will get mortally hurt from the wave. have you ever heard a zoologist explain these problems?
@@Eye_ExistI think this became more irrational because you're seeing the current earth.
This is an event happening in Eocene (or perhaps even earlier in reality).
The gap was quite significantly closer. And if i'm not mistaken there were several glaciation event around that epoch, so it could even be shorter than predicted. Also consider the different climate of that era, which means a possible difference in winds and currents, and stuffs like that.
And, funnily enough, yes, there is a theoretical calculation of whether it's possible to survive the rafting event or not. I remembered reading it years ago when i was still in college. I think there are many conditions to it though, if i remember correctly.
Unfortunately i can't remember the title at the top of my head. I'm currently quite busy and just finding times to access youtube account since i genuinely enjoy this discussion.
Hopefully i got the time to look it up soon, then i'll be able to give you the article i'm talking about.