Thank you for the helpful videos on your channel from a first year student. I have a question about the depiction of photoelectric absorption please: I see that you have an x-ray emitted as the characteristic radiation from the atom along with the photoelectron. I've learned in one of my modules that effectively all of the elements that make up the body have such relatively low Z numbers (and therefore lower binding energies and electron energy states) that the characteristic radiation they emit during this process would be much lower frequency - in the infrared. How common would it be for a naturally occuring element in the human body to emit x-rays as characteristic radiation?
@@HowRadiologyWorks Great job, Brian. You motivated people to learn the wonderful knowledge in order to help other people. Always bless you to succeed in your career. Cheers.
This message means a lot. I’m trying to help technologists master the physics behind the equipment so that they can get the best images for the patients. Thanks for your appreciation.
Thanks atomic cowboy. The target audience for these videos is radiologic technologists. For this case we describe it as dependent on Z as for the most case Z is correlated with electron density.
Thank you sir. I have a question here. If Compton effect makes the outer shell electron to eject, then why do we need higher energy of X-rays for it to happen?? why Compton effect is not dominant at lower energies??
In Photoelectric effect the atom as a whole absorbs the photon and therefore there it a higher cross section, or it is more likely than Compton where the interaction is just between the outer electron and and the photon. Photoelectric goes like 1/(hv)^3 which is why it is dominant at low energies.
Hi I can't remember what I'm looking for exactly could anyone help? Ok so I vaguely remembered that different wavelengths are produced by different interactions from gamma being from a specific type of decay in the nucleus, then we remember that x-rays had another specific case in which they are emitted. And I honestly have not enough on an incline to research or recall what I'm even thinking of except from different wavelengths have different origins from atoms/ on the larger end are caused by comic background radiation for most radio waves. If someone has some idea what I'm on about for the different electromagnetic waves please do let me know. My poor memory is driving me mad (more so then I already am) Also asked here because I just know I'm not going to find it searching alone, anyhow cheers
First set kVp and use lower kVp for bones due to higher contrast for high Z materials at low Z. Then to get a similar noise level higher mA is needed at the lower kVp since a lower kVp has a lower beam quantity so we can compensate with higher mA
@@HowRadiologyWorks I would like to know what happens to an electron ejected from the human body? Is it possible that this electron produces bremsstrahlung radiation?
@@HowRadiologyWorks Well then we can say that it decays and does not go to another atom or becomes a free electron outside the body or crystal structure
When the electron binding energy matches the photon energy the photoelectric interaction can occur. This can happen in other shells but is more likely in the k shell given the energy of the X-rays.
![Coherent Scattering [a.k.a. elastic scattering, Rayleigh]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/Z4uSygAixQY/mqdefault.jpg)
![Coherent Scattering [a.k.a. elastic scattering, Rayleigh]](/img/tr.png)
Lol. Great cold open. This video is an entertaining and accurate educational resource. Keep them coming Dr. Nett!
Thanks for dropping a comment Prof Tim. We will keep em coming.
This video changed my life and I was able to finally understand these concepts. Thank you so much!
Mahmoud that is high praise, thanks for the great comment 😉
It helped me a lot while studying for my up-coming committee exam. I am really appreciate it!!!
Your welcome. All we ask is to Just share our channel with your colleagues
thank you! Great graphics as well. These videos really help me in my diagnostic imaging class at Veterinary School!
Great to hear. Yeah X-rays in other animals have the same physics. Good luck in vet school;)
Exactly what I was looking to understand!
Glad it helped, pass it along
Thank you so much sir 😊. Great effort👏
Most welcome
Thank you for this video and the time put in for it!
You’re welcome Dalia. Please share the channel with others.
Thank you for the helpful videos on your channel from a first year student. I have a question about the depiction of photoelectric absorption please: I see that you have an x-ray emitted as the characteristic radiation from the atom along with the photoelectron. I've learned in one of my modules that effectively all of the elements that make up the body have such relatively low Z numbers (and therefore lower binding energies and electron energy states) that the characteristic radiation they emit during this process would be much lower frequency - in the infrared. How common would it be for a naturally occuring element in the human body to emit x-rays as characteristic radiation?
You are right, it should be labeled photon rather than x-ray. I will update in a future version
Thanks so much. It is so helpful.
Your welcome, thanks for taking the time to leave message.
@@HowRadiologyWorks Great job, Brian. You motivated people to learn the wonderful knowledge in order to help other people. Always bless you to succeed in your career. Cheers.
This message means a lot. I’m trying to help technologists master the physics behind the equipment so that they can get the best images for the patients. Thanks for your appreciation.
Understand well thanks
Great. This is important when studying technical parameters for x-ray and CT
Compton is not necessarily dependent on Z but more dependent on electron density.
Thanks atomic cowboy. The target audience for these videos is radiologic technologists. For this case we describe it as dependent on Z as for the most case Z is correlated with electron density.
Well explained
Thanks Miss Joel I appreciate your time also to leave us the comments. Check out our other videos too.
Thank you sir. I have a question here. If Compton effect makes the outer shell electron to eject, then why do we need higher energy of X-rays for it to happen?? why Compton effect is not dominant at lower energies??
In Photoelectric effect the atom as a whole absorbs the photon and therefore there it a higher cross section, or it is more likely than Compton where the interaction is just between the outer electron and and the photon. Photoelectric goes like 1/(hv)^3 which is why it is dominant at low energies.
Can u explain it again in simpler terms ?
In compton sacttering where does the recoil electron goes,
Is it ramain in its orbit or get knocked down from its orbit
The election is free and will deposit its energy relatively locally
Thanks for the vid! So the incoming photon for photoelectric is of low energy? Happens when kVp of less than 70 kVp?
As the energy goes down the photoelectric effect increases. There is not one specific energy that is low. For Mamo very low energy is used
@@HowRadiologyWorks thank you 🙏
@@sgtpeppers3021 , no problem and thanks for teaching the band to play. I think it was 20 years ago today .😏
Hi I can't remember what I'm looking for exactly could anyone help? Ok so I vaguely remembered that different wavelengths are produced by different interactions from gamma being from a specific type of decay in the nucleus, then we remember that x-rays had another specific case in which they are emitted. And I honestly have not enough on an incline to research or recall what I'm even thinking of except from different wavelengths have different origins from atoms/ on the larger end are caused by comic background radiation for most radio waves. If someone has some idea what I'm on about for the different electromagnetic waves please do let me know. My poor memory is driving me mad (more so then I already am)
Also asked here because I just know I'm not going to find it searching alone, anyhow cheers
Please tell me why KVp for bone is 45 and abdomen is 70 whyyy and why MAs is opposite
First set kVp and use lower kVp for bones due to higher contrast for high Z materials at low Z. Then to get a similar noise level higher mA is needed at the lower kVp since a lower kVp has a lower beam quantity so we can compensate with higher mA
What happens after with an electric photon ?? Is it possible to produce bremsstrahlung inside the human body through this interaction ??
I’m not sure what you by an electric photon. We use electrons to make x-ray photons that are used for imaging
@@HowRadiologyWorks I would like to know what happens to an electron ejected from the human body? Is it possible that this electron produces bremsstrahlung radiation?
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25261767/ Yes it is possible when electrons are used in external beam radiation therapy that x-rays are generated
@@HowRadiologyWorks thank you so much.
@@lucasfeitosa_ your welcome!
I wanna ask a Q ... where the Where does the emitted electron disappear?
It will most likely slow down and stop in the tissue close to the first interaction since is has limited energy.
@@HowRadiologyWorks Well then we can say that it decays and does not go to another atom or becomes a free electron outside the body or crystal structure
Why it happens inner side of shell ?
When the electron binding energy matches the photon energy the photoelectric interaction can occur. This can happen in other shells but is more likely in the k shell given the energy of the X-rays.
The opening joke.....Christ
And that was before the King Richard movie, which I actually would recommend
Glad you kept watching