Love to Eritrea and President Isaias from your Cousins Next door Somalia💙🇸🇴🇸🇴🇸🇴x🇪🇷🇪🇷🇪🇷 We need to Ban together and KEEP ABIY AHMED AND these GALLAS in Check!!! Shoutout my Tigrinyas and all my Eritrean Warriors🇪🇷🇪🇷🇪🇷💙💙🇸🇴🇸🇴🇸🇴🇸🇴🇸🇴
Eugene, to be honest hasnt left any stone unturned in with good intentions, calculated, diplomatic, armed knowledge of geopolitical, particularly in this region with the curent/past context inside out. Truly great both of you. Thanks
I can’t believe this someone who is telling the story as it’s well done thank you for being honest am shocked to find there is still someone people who are willing to tell the actual truth of the story
Eugene your knowledge and understanding of Africa in general is amazing. It's always a thing of interest listened to you. Keep it up my brother; we need you and your knowledge.
Eugene is very well versed on the region thanks for actually covering fairly. I’d like to also add tho Somalia is currently rising militarily, economically and socially so Ethiopia has been very tense towards us ever since the arms embargo and debt relief were were granted.
First and foremost...absolute respect to Eugene! Notice how Eritrea remains the only stable country in a region fraught with disorder? Those who can see and hear, take note!
Eugene is an exceptionally n highly scholastic Guinness observer of our 21st century. We need more of his analysis in our world affairs. keep on going brother keep reflecting the truth. One day u will c ur self becoming the whole truth!!! So keep on going............
Thanks Rania and Eugene. Was weird seeing you on opposite sides from usual...like watching through a mirror 😂 Fantastic show. Eugene's knowledge about the African continent is incredible. Look forward to tomorrow's Freedom Side 🙌 ❤ #freepalestine ❤💚🖤🤍🇵🇸
You finally mentioned it toward the end of the video! The current ethnic problems did not start with the TPLF. You have to go back to the rise of the Amhara Emperor Menelik II beginning in the middle the 19th century. Menelik launched a massive imperial and colonial expansion--supported by the West--over peoples and nations that were independent up to that time. By the early 1900s, the African imperial expansion of Menelik II had conquered the Oromo, Harari, Gurage, and other independent peoples and solidified his colonial gains into what we see on the map today--Ethiopia! The conquered peoples of Ethiopia have not forgotten their humiliation under Emperor Menelik II, especially the Oromo people! The Amhara groups known as FANO are seen as a major threat to the Oromo because one of the major goals of the FANO groups is to reach and take over Addis Ababa and restore the glory of the Amhara under Menelik! As FANO gains steam, I see a major civil conflict on the horizon because they have to come through Oromia to reach Addis Ababa! The OLA--the Oromo Liberation Army--will be there to confront them! The book titled "The Invention of Ethiopia: The Making of a Dependent Colonial State in Northeast Africa" by Sisai Ibssa and Bonnie K. Holcomb gives great detail on Menelik and his imperial expansion and how it was supported by the West to create what we now know as Ethiopia!
The level of knowledge that Eugene has on this region is unbelievable, more power to you. You deserve respect for your perspective and acknowledge my brother 🙏
Congratulations to Eugene for articulating in erudite fashion the importance of this region.....as you say, now never in the MSM news. Kudos to Eugene and Rania for the continuing excellence of your coverage.
It’s refreshing to see unbiased and intellectually precise journalism, specially from 2 people that can literally pass as my relatives. And as an Eritrean, you gotta come to the next BBQ in Massawa. Every country in the region have 3-5 crises simultaneously, verge of collapse. Meanwhile Eritrea has its normal African problems…economic, infrastructure, migration…but zero conflict, low crime, stable and militarized. You mentioned Isaias saying nations need to find synergy using multilateral agreements with Russia & China between Sudan-Ethiopia-Egypt-Eritrea- South Sudan-Somalia. It’s a lot of work but can set a 100yr trajectory.
@@nancyiajI agree. Plus, as a Somali, I a lot of English speaking news on the Horn of Africa are pushing western propaganda/agenda. So it’s not just about readily available but how accurate is the info. This channel at least has good perspective on the region.
Thank you both, I guess Eugene is the exact right person to talk about the region in general ethiopia in particular. He has deeper knowledge about the country than even who live here. People are consumed by the commotion and conspiracy theory thrown around from every direction.
This is the breakthrough news I used to like. I appreciate the more sane analysis on Addis Ababa which was frustrating enough for me to stop watching the channel. This is a relief.
The problem with Ethiopia are it is an empire that was forced together by the last emperor and his father and even before them but with the help of the British the emperor took a somali region and other regions and today we are seeing the after effects non of these different ethnicities speak the same language or have the same culture just like every empire Ethiopia will also end.
We are socially united, open and quite well integrated from various cultures and diverse perspectives in the Horn of Africa and that will probably guide and lead the politics of the region. That doesn't mean to deny the considerable differences and perspectives which is part of what makes us human. I hope to see a Horn of Africa where geographical boundaries and nationalities don't matter anymore entirely and socially. It means secure and developed region. as we all may hope continentally and globally which is not as easy as doing it a single region as this.
Great political analysis. The vast majority of people dont know the different dynamics, ethnic groups and clans in the Horn of Africa. Youve illustrated it very well. I hope a war doesnt come. It will be devastating for this region. But i can assure you we Somalis dont accept a land/sea grab. There is only one clan in the Hargeisa region who wants independence. The rest of North Somalia dont want to secede so this will never happen. And even the isaaq clan dont want ethiopia grabbing their sea. Muse bilxi the current leader of Somaliland lost a huge war in The Sool and Sanaag region and has already lost half of Somaliland. And the Awdal region (where ethiopia wants the alleged port/navy to be built) also wants to be part of Somalia and picked up their arms. Somalis are divided by clans and the Gadabursi clan dont want to be colonized by the isaaq clan. Muse bilxi is being pressured by politics to come with a 'Win' after the major loss of these lands. Also he didnt held elections so he also feels the pressure from other political parties. Thats why he signed a deal with the devil. Hes currently the most hated somali person in east africa. All these countries promoting the break up of Somalia will fail because the people on the ground think very differently. Somalis are the biggest ethnic group by land in the whole of Africa. And the 8th biggest largest ethnic group in Africa. We inhabit the biggest part in East Africa and have been for centuries. Weve fought major international empires with succes. We are the only homogenous ethnic group wich have a country. Even two countries (djibouti). These statistics didnt come by luck. When it comes to foreigners invading our country we will unite and defeat each nation. Somalia was the first african country to be bombed by the Europeans during the colonial times because they coulndt colonize us. Sayyid Mohammed Abdullah Hassan (April 7, 1856 - December 21, 1920) was the leader of the Somali national movement back then. So to summarize for the people who dont understand Somalis. We will never ever back down for any enemy
Horn of Africa is definitely in a change. Positive in one side as it sits in one of most Strategic economic points (redsea). It looks like it’s disintegrating but these nations are wining the challenge and becoming developed
@@mrshonourable 😂😂 another hater frm the failed state of somalia , wether u hate or dislike the reality is Somaliland is an indipendent state and as the world witness this month Somaliland is a powerhouse in the horn unlike somalia's failed state 😂😂😂😂
@@libaaxasomaliland1066 isaaq land dreamed and didn't came true marka inta qabilka iska dafto sodinki sano so daama viva waqoyi somalia cadowga Ethiopia haalo taaarxilo
That was the most balanced analysis, thank you BT. Most Fano supporters just copy pasting the TPLF ideology and that should not be taking easily by the government who has the responsibility to maintain the peace all over the counyry.
The regional instability in the Horn of Africa, as explained by Eugene, has one common factor, which is the United Arab Emirates (UAE). I believe the UAE is now a prominent player representing the Western imperialist order. As soon as they became involved in these regions, conflicts began.
Great piece! I’m very impressed with Mr. Puryear’s knowledge on this region. I’m definitely finding him on other platforms to follow him. You guys are very knowledgeable about the area, the history and the politics. I also like your impartiality. Most western media pushes the US point of view and leaves out the shadow hand behind most actions these governments take. Just a slight thing I had to point out… it’s Siad Bare or Siyaad Barre. Mr. Puryear said ‘Said Bar’ multiple times 😂 sounds very weird. Siad and Said are completely different names too.
Eugene, please start your own program focusing exclusively on East Africa, you would be a great analyst to bridge the gap between the region and the world. I used to watch Dr. Matsanga on Punchline Africa TV which features all local journalists, academics, analysts from the region. The intellectual capital in the region is immense, and it's also a vibrant area for political democracy. Kenya looks like a global model of democracy, compared to the disgrace that the United States has become.
Almost every time I look at a map I get surprised by how close to each other certain countries are that I didn’t think had so much to do with each other!
It is very interesting about the zero sum result, and those that are benefitting from this! I see in all these conflicts in the HoA region, that UAE is the main driver and the one behind the zero sum for these conflicts! It could be other forces behind them, but its clear that UAE is the force behind the new coloniasm here!
@EUGEAN PLEASE DON'T BOTHER EITHER" THEY AGREE OR DISAGREE." YOU UNDERSTOOD EXACTLY WHAT THE POLITICS AND ELITES ARE FUNCTIONING HERE IN MY COUNTRY #ETHIOPIA🇪🇹 THANKS ALOT.
Ethiopia collaboratored with British and French colonialism during the scramble for Africa. Ethiopia colonised Western Somalia and Eritrea. The Eritrean people achieved their freedom after many years of national liberation struggle, the Somali people have yet to gain our national liberation against Ethiopian colonial occupation
It will come soon brother I am seeing a Somali nationalist movement which I haven’t seen before everything will be right and justice as long we remember Allah and follow the laws he have given us
The instability in Somalia and Sudan is the result of external parties. If they stop, the situation will be stable by virtue of one religion and one language. Unlike Ethiopia, the entire ethnic demographic structure is in a state of conflict with each other, as well as historical grievances and finally ethnic politics, which promotes the deepening of the conflict between nationalities.
We Somalis have had so many wars with Ethiopia for a centuries and Ethiopia is aware Somali fighting spirit. However, Ethiopian aggressive towards Somalia go whole the way 1414 and beyond, every time they tried, they have been defeated, retaliated and completely annihilated. The whole of Ethiopia was about to fall under somali hiro Ahmed Gurey1530, but saved by a Portuguese Pedro da Gama, son of navigator Vasco da Gama. Ogaden War of 1977-78 between Somalia and Ethiopia, Somalia defeated Ethiopia and came as close as a few kilometers from the capital of Itiopia Addis Ababa but saved as usual and previous conflicts by Soviet Union and Cuba, which were seeking a cross-continent socialist alliance. If they think we have internal conflicts to be exploited and invade our country, we are willing to give them one more round. Somali Patriotism is what all Somalis have in common one for all, all for one, do not underestimate when it comes defending our motherland from north to south. Soomaliya ha noolaato.
your account of history is flawed. In the last century alone it's Somalia which invaded Ethiopia twice and defeated Twice. Lets that sink in first, now they want to try it a third time I don't think the result will be different. About the war in 16 century why you hide the fact that that warrior was Ethiopian to begin with. His home state was Harar which is well inside Ethiopian territory and he was supported heavily by Turkish. That war was a civil war not between Ethiopia and Somali. After I learned how much you hated us I realised that we are in fact too late to recognize Somaliland as independent country. I think Ethiopia will never wish to link economically with Somalia, you guys are hateful and unproductive.
One importan factor in the Horn region that you are overlooking is the factor that Somaliland ( a former British protectorate ) and Somalia ( a former Italian territory ) voluntarily united sometime in 1960 into some sort of haphaszard union which failed later in 1991 . Now Somaliland which withdrew from the union in 1991 has agreed to peridically rent a port area to land-locked Ethiopia in exchange for Ethiopian support for Somaliland's push for recognition in line with African colonial borders on which all African borders are based . This exchange of mutual interests between Somaliland and Ethiopia is normal and rightful. But the week Mogadishu government which is not even in control in its capital where A-shabaab is fighting against Amisom African force , that weak Somalia government is illogically trying to block Ethiopia-Somaliland ports relations . Of course they can not block and they have not the right to block .
Eugene nailed it spot on. Ethiopia dont want good faith deal on port they want power over Somalia via Somaliland... ultimately USA is supporting from behind.
@@THESURAFELB Glad you cleared that up. Thank God it's the UAE and not the USA. As we now know USA support (whether from behind or the front) is a formula for disaster.
Thank you! Great analysis. Ethiopia deeply understands its 5000-year rich history, including its border belonging to the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean-most of the complex issues you mention were created less than 50 years. One potential solution to address the complexities in the area should involve the United States taking a more active role in establishing the United States of the Horn of Africa (Eritrea, Ethiopia Djibouti, and Somalia) Capitalism is the solution!
I’m from somaliland and welcoming to Ethiopia come to my country I will never forget about the help they gave us when Somalia killing all somaliland I lost so many family even my father.
Obviously Ethiopians need to find ways to elevate only those politicians who have been able to get support cross-ethnically. If that is done, bit by bit Ethiopia will evolve into a major force.
Centralization and or Decentralization : Productivity in the Short- run and or long-run Market Profits . Sure Not Human Rights Moral Values. Afar Think-Tank Reedan-Makkaabe
Somalia is emerging from a 30 year old civil war and things were progressing so fast despite many issues like war with alshabaab and the Somaliland delima. Debt was recently forgiven, arms embargo was lifted. Mogadishu in just 10 years looks like a modern city. I say all that to say this, Ethiopia saw all the progress made and said it's now or never to invade and annex lands from the awdal region. This move will never be accepted and I am afraid it will send the whole region back decades all because of unattainable dream of the '7th emperor' abiy ahmed.
Good for you for the progress that happened in recent years. First this deal is not annexation that must be clear. Second had you had good neighbourly intention towards Ethiopia, you can negotiate in a tri-party to come up with a solution which is not as bad as today's. Third the deal will create good economic ties between Somaliland and Ethiopia. If Somaliland is part of your territory you should be happy by the infrastructures that will be built and the benefits people in both side of the border will enjoy from trading. That is to say, it's your duty to settle the difference you have with Somaliland, rather your intention is always to invade Ethiopia and turn the region into a war museum. The moment the news broke out ur president flow to Asmara and Cairo to get help to attack Ethiopia. Grow up and turn the region into peaceful and prosperous horn
@@lafforie6823 I don't care about the economy of Ethiopia, I wish them luck but a foreign country's interest has no effect on the national interest of our territories. our lands or resources are not for sale and no one has the right to do so. Again, I wish all our neighbors nothing but the best, try ur luck with eritrea or djibouti
@@warsame2245Eritrea the master of east Africa region we whopped Ethiopia’s ass they knew it very well we also helped them to destroy TPLF as well but now they betrayed us no East African countries trust them shame to Ethiopia under abiy 7th wizard leader
I really admire Eugene's span of knowledge about Africa's geopolitics. But I'm shocked that hearing from him saying he didn't understand the logic behind Ethiopia's desire in having a seaport. Seriously? It's a question of Justice, moral and a very existential issue for Ethiopia. How come a country with three thousand years of rich history, an ever growing large population and economy moreover had more than three seaports now denied of a plot of seaport at this time only because of the rule of colonization's divide and conquer? Please also make your research the level of diplomacy and discussion Ethiopian government exerted for the past three years in convincing the red sea courtiers in including Somalia in giving access to seaport in an exchange for economic benefit. I hope you will comeback with a cleaner view of why Ethiopia need a seaport, of course in a peaceful way, for its future existence.
Wait I watched something yesterday that was saying that Eritrea has the whole population imprisoned. I think I need another take. It was saying it’s a complete police state. No one can leave and they all have to indefinitely serve in military ie work for free
Eritrean here. And what u said is the absolute truth. These two have been at it for some time now spreading disinformation defending the indefensible and are most probably morally corrupt propagandists paid by the Eritrean regime. Don’t trust them at all.
Labors contribution was always undervalued. Have to admit it's a little fun to see it come back to bite them in the ass while they consider who to hire as a CEO. They forgot what matters.
@@FluidFilledSacthat’s not true. Somalilander are in chaos right now. We just lost lascaanod, our army is broken and our Region is divided based on isaaq sub-clans. we have other clans who do not want to be apart of somaliland. Funny because awadal, where Ethiopia plans to build its port isn’t even isaaq and they do not want to be independent. We need better solutions because independence has not United us at all.
@@mrshonourable who is we. You're not a Somalilander. You need to face the music you're literally so desperate you have to pretend to be a Somalilander online. You may fool the non Somali onlookers but we all know the truth, Somalilander or Somali. Somaliland's emancipation is near ✊
If anything East African nation s got to work together for better trade. A jealous and envious neighbor creates chaos only to cause misery for everyone.
Though, I don’t agree with his views on Somaliland. I am going to abstained from negative comment, but I am going to kindly suggest the owner of this channel to look into significance of these dates. 1884, June 26, 1960, July 1, 1960 and May 18, 1991. 🎉🎉🎉🎉❤
Abiy Ahmed he’s working hard to make another Yugoslavia in Africa.. the reason Abiy Ahmed annexes region of Somalia he want Somalia recognise Oromia country another separatist in Ethiopia!!
What if every one was on board to redo the statiscrow here foe every one, with good competition for trade , and ivestment, for corporate, and the ordinarily person. Kind of s even playing field , will the the US and the Western countries be willing to compete honestly and productivity with the rest of the world. Are should we just give up hoping for simple things like this.
The issue in Ethiopia has a single fault line that is Abyssinian and none-Abyssinians divide. The Abyssinians (settlers with Arab and Jewish background) look down upon none-Abyssinians (native Africans) and subjugated and exploited them for centuries. The Oromo liberation struggle is one of freedom and self-preservation. There is more to the issues in Ethiopia than being portrayed !!
Somaliland is successful flourishing nation in terms of peace and democracy while Somalia is failed state that nourishes terrorist groups in east Africa. Somaliland and Ethiopia are neighboring countries “like blood brothers” that share values, I support the Evolution of reaching out to Sustainable Developments in the horn
Share blood you said? We don't share blood. Secondly abiye ahmed does not represent ethiopia. He only represents his dictatorship. Somaliland is making a huge mistake because abiye is planning and plotting to annex that part of somalia by warm brotherly Negotiations. Abiye brutally attacked tigray for only holding local elections for 2 years. And then proceeded to attack amhara region just because he doesn't want 0 autonomy in ethiopia. What do you think he will do to Somaliland if they even attempt to resist him. Your best chance of survival is to stay with Somalia.
During the interview, I was initially impressed by the interviewee's insightful knowledge on historical political transformations and the current development of the Horn of Africa. However, when the conversation shifted towards Ethiopia's need for access to the sea, I was disappointed by the interviewee's shallow understanding of how a port is essential for a developing nation like Ethiopia, particularly with a large population. He seems unaware of how fees for port services on foreign territory can severely harm developing economies, especially in regions where countries compete unfairly for resources. Unfortunately, African nations have a history of competition and wars for territory, rather than supporting each other. Thus, I suggest that the interviewee read the UN's study on how landlocked countries lose competitiveness in international markets due to payments for bulk freight handling at foreign ports.
@birhanjommy I am surprised that u were impressed. A knowledgeable African would immediately see this presentation for what it is. A dispassionate academic discussion by out of touch foreigners. With predefined stances, like glorifying the 14 year old BRICS..as if it's going anywhere. The Horn of Africa region will sort itself out.
Ethiopia lost its access to the sea when Eritrea rightfully seceded in 91. Both Assab and Massawa were open to Ethiopia but they refused. Somali ports are also open for business, but no navel bases will be accepted on Somali shores besides allies of Somalia like Egypt and Turkey. Ethiopia needs stability more than ports. The country is at the cusp of collapse and there are many rebels tearing it apart. Focus on your internal struggles before starting something you can't hope to finish.
@@raanajak471 A knowledgeable African would immediately see through this brazen attempt of annexation similar to Crimea. Ethiopia should focus on its internal woes before overstretching its military and inviting a complete collapse of the state.
Yeah I think a big missing point is the view of sea access. Ethiopia is the largest country and economy that doesn't have sea access. That sea access was taken away by the west and Arab countries specifically Saudi, ottomans, and Arab empires of the past. This immediately stunted the growth of the country and cut it off from global trade..at the time one of the few African nations that participated independently of an outside sphere of influence. So sea access is crucial to create and stable and secure port for African trade. Especially when you consider the asking price being 1.5 billion annual. That is not sustainable when trying to grow. Again no other significant world power doesn't have access to a sea port. Just Ethiopia. If Africa is to have a strong presence in BRICS and not just go from one master on another it needs to have a strong navy that can 0rotect ports and allow for trade. It needs to be the key so that China and Arab countries don't try to reinforce their own superiority narratives. Cap sea access is vital for any country trying to be a major presence. Also the Somaliland war for independence from somalia led to a bombing of hargiesa and and actual genocide of 200k somalilanders. You can't just ignore that aspect. Especially considering that somalia was the first to invade Ethiopia. I would appreciate an opportunity to come on the show and have a discussion on this. 👍🏾
It wasn't about independence it was about overthrowing the dictator who ruled that country at that time, secondly somalia invade Ethiopia because Ethiopia colonizes the ogaden region which was handed to them by British, hopefully u know how Ethiopia treated those people which led to the invasion of the somalia, but Ethiopia attacked somalia with their war planes when somalia got independence, why u not mentioning that? If Ethiopia lost its access to the red sea to Eritrea independence, Ethiopia can negotiate a deal with somalia or Djibouti or kenya but they must respect the territory of somalia, if not 1977 reloading
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Ok you are my fav news channel and journalists. Thank you for the hard work and dedication to the truth. ❤👏🏾🥂
Thank you for these reports. These are essential to countering the neo-liberal narrative concerning Afica.
Shout out from Eritrea! Thank you both✊🏾
Shout 🇸🇴
😮😮😮😮😮😮😮😮😮😮😮😮😮😮😮😮😮😮😮😮😮
Love to Eritrea and President Isaias from your Cousins Next door Somalia💙🇸🇴🇸🇴🇸🇴x🇪🇷🇪🇷🇪🇷 We need to Ban together and KEEP ABIY AHMED AND these GALLAS in Check!!! Shoutout my Tigrinyas and all my Eritrean Warriors🇪🇷🇪🇷🇪🇷💙💙🇸🇴🇸🇴🇸🇴🇸🇴🇸🇴
Long live Nip HUSSLE tha Great 💙💙💙🇪🇷🇪🇷🇪🇷🇪🇷💙🇸🇴🇸🇴🇸🇴🇸🇴
@@MaxwellhanesStop always crying for help handle your own internal affairs and Al Shabab
Eugene, to be honest hasnt left any stone unturned in with good intentions, calculated, diplomatic, armed knowledge of geopolitical, particularly in this region with the curent/past context inside out. Truly great both of you. Thanks
Eugene is very well informed about the horn, I wish we have more and more like him...
I can’t believe this someone who is telling the story as it’s well done thank you for being honest am shocked to find there is still someone people who are willing to tell the actual truth of the story
Eugene your knowledge and understanding of Africa in general is amazing. It's always a thing of interest listened to you. Keep it up my brother; we need you and your knowledge.
Thank you guys for all you do xx
Pls. Eugene needed to come every
day to give this lesson for African corrupted politicians may be they can learn.
You guys have amazing knowledge. 👍🏽🇪🇷
Eugene is very well versed on the region thanks for actually covering fairly. I’d like to also add tho Somalia is currently rising militarily, economically and socially so Ethiopia has been very tense towards us ever since the arms embargo and debt relief were were granted.
Kudos to Somalia hope the best for them 🇸🇴🎉
First and foremost...absolute respect to Eugene! Notice how Eritrea remains the only stable country in a region fraught with disorder? Those who can see and hear, take note!
Eugene is an exceptionally n highly scholastic Guinness observer of our 21st century. We need more of his analysis in our world affairs. keep on going brother keep reflecting the truth. One day u will c ur self becoming the whole truth!!! So keep on going............
As a Somali, this was absolutely insightful and informative as well as accurate. Well done guys. Great work!
Thanks Rania and Eugene. Was weird seeing you on opposite sides from usual...like watching through a mirror 😂 Fantastic show. Eugene's knowledge about the African continent is incredible. Look forward to tomorrow's Freedom Side 🙌 ❤ #freepalestine ❤💚🖤🤍🇵🇸
Tanzania has not had a war since defeating Idd Amin! The other countries should follow Tanzania
The World with peace, unity and love,, watching from berbera somaliland rep
You finally mentioned it toward the end of the video! The current ethnic problems did not start with the TPLF. You have to go back to the rise of the Amhara Emperor Menelik II beginning in the middle the 19th century. Menelik launched a massive imperial and colonial expansion--supported by the West--over peoples and nations that were independent up to that time. By the early 1900s, the African imperial expansion of Menelik II had conquered the Oromo, Harari, Gurage, and other independent peoples and solidified his colonial gains into what we see on the map today--Ethiopia! The conquered peoples of Ethiopia have not forgotten their humiliation under Emperor Menelik II, especially the Oromo people! The Amhara groups known as FANO are seen as a major threat to the Oromo because one of the major goals of the FANO groups is to reach and take over Addis Ababa and restore the glory of the Amhara under Menelik! As FANO gains steam, I see a major civil conflict on the horizon because they have to come through Oromia to reach Addis Ababa! The OLA--the Oromo Liberation Army--will be there to confront them! The book titled "The Invention of Ethiopia: The Making of a Dependent Colonial State in Northeast Africa" by Sisai Ibssa and Bonnie K. Holcomb gives great detail on Menelik and his imperial expansion and how it was supported by the West to create what we now know as Ethiopia!
The level of knowledge that Eugene has on this region is unbelievable, more power to you. You deserve respect for your perspective and acknowledge my brother 🙏
Nice to meet Eugene for the 1st time (where have I been?!) Nice one ✨
🌍
Free 🇵🇸
Kudos to Eretria!
Congratulations to Eugene for articulating in erudite fashion the importance of this region.....as you say, now never in the MSM news. Kudos to Eugene and Rania for the continuing excellence of your coverage.
Rambling welcome very informative Eugene!
Brother that was a perfect summarized analysis of whats going on in Ethiopia. Great job. You guys are amazing.
It’s refreshing to see unbiased and intellectually precise journalism, specially from 2 people that can literally pass as my relatives. And as an Eritrean, you gotta come to the next BBQ in Massawa. Every country in the region have 3-5 crises simultaneously, verge of collapse. Meanwhile Eritrea has its normal African problems…economic, infrastructure, migration…but zero conflict, low crime, stable and militarized. You mentioned Isaias saying nations need to find synergy using multilateral agreements with Russia & China between Sudan-Ethiopia-Egypt-Eritrea- South Sudan-Somalia. It’s a lot of work but can set a 100yr trajectory.
Black Americans SEARCH for African news… more of this please
You can literally go find African news on TH-cam they have breakdowns and analysts and everything lol
It’s very easy to find a lot of African news agencies are in English
@@warfaali they aren’t readily available or easy to find-even if they speak English.
@@nancyiaj you can just write African news it will come then that is what I did and then I found different news agencies do it on TH-cam or google
@@nancyiajI agree. Plus, as a Somali, I a lot of English speaking news on the Horn of Africa are pushing western propaganda/agenda. So it’s not just about readily available but how accurate is the info. This channel at least has good perspective on the region.
Thank you
Thank you both, I guess Eugene is the exact right person to talk about the region in general ethiopia in particular. He has deeper knowledge about the country than even who live here. People are consumed by the commotion and conspiracy theory thrown around from every direction.
Always so well researched. So much info. Have to rewind a lot though lol? Great stuff Rania.
Thanks. It was wonderful analysis of the political and social situation at the Horn of Africa!
Good analyse ❤
Amazingly informative, you people really know what you’re talking about.
Wow. This was so educational. Thank you for the maps!
Thank you for the pro-awarenss video once again as always! 🙏🙏🙏
This is the breakthrough news I used to like. I appreciate the more sane analysis on Addis Ababa which was frustrating enough for me to stop watching the channel. This is a relief.
Excellent analysis.
The problem with Ethiopia are it is an empire that was forced together by the last emperor and his father and even before them but with the help of the British the emperor took a somali region and other regions and today we are seeing the after effects non of these different ethnicities speak the same language or have the same culture just like every empire Ethiopia will also end.
Most channels have no knowlage about HoA, as a Eritrea thanks BT for not giving mis information about us and for not being bias👍🏾
We are socially united, open and quite well integrated from various cultures and diverse perspectives in the Horn of Africa and that will probably guide and lead the politics of the region. That doesn't mean to deny the considerable differences and perspectives which is part of what makes us human. I hope to see a Horn of Africa where geographical boundaries and nationalities don't matter anymore entirely and socially. It means secure and developed region. as we all may hope continentally and globally which is not as easy as doing it a single region as this.
Great political analysis. The vast majority of people dont know the different dynamics, ethnic groups and clans in the Horn of Africa. Youve illustrated it very well. I hope a war doesnt come. It will be devastating for this region. But i can assure you we Somalis dont accept a land/sea grab. There is only one clan in the Hargeisa region who wants independence. The rest of North Somalia dont want to secede so this will never happen. And even the isaaq clan dont want ethiopia grabbing their sea. Muse bilxi the current leader of Somaliland lost a huge war in The Sool and Sanaag region and has already lost half of Somaliland. And the Awdal region (where ethiopia wants the alleged port/navy to be built) also wants to be part of Somalia and picked up their arms. Somalis are divided by clans and the Gadabursi clan dont want to be colonized by the isaaq clan. Muse bilxi is being pressured by politics to come with a 'Win' after the major loss of these lands. Also he didnt held elections so he also feels the pressure from other political parties. Thats why he signed a deal with the devil. Hes currently the most hated somali person in east africa. All these countries promoting the break up of Somalia will fail because the people on the ground think very differently. Somalis are the biggest ethnic group by land in the whole of Africa. And the 8th biggest largest ethnic group in Africa. We inhabit the biggest part in East Africa and have been for centuries. Weve fought major international empires with succes. We are the only homogenous ethnic group wich have a country. Even two countries (djibouti). These statistics didnt come by luck. When it comes to foreigners invading our country we will unite and defeat each nation. Somalia was the first african country to be bombed by the Europeans during the colonial times because they coulndt colonize us. Sayyid Mohammed Abdullah Hassan (April 7, 1856 - December 21, 1920) was the leader of the Somali national movement back then. So to summarize for the people who dont understand Somalis. We will never ever back down for any enemy
Good day Eugene
The Rapid Support Forces are the Janjaweed of yesterday
Regards
Horn of Africa is definitely in a change. Positive in one side as it sits in one of most Strategic economic points (redsea). It looks like it’s disintegrating but these nations are wining the challenge and becoming developed
Honte à vous l… regarde autour devant de toi sur tout devient un être meilleur… tu peux pleurer ❤😂
😂 Eugene, Thank you! Now I understood clearly! About my country Ethiopia and its politics! Again , Beautiful Rania, Thank you both for all the effort!
Eugene!! Keep going bro your hitting the nail on the head. 😅
Amazing Analysis.
Somaliland will be an independent country and as a Somaliland people we are happy to see it in the coming year
That’s a lie. Somalilanders are very divided thanks to the musa bixi who is inflaming clan tensions and we even had a war i. 2023
SSC-Khaatumo hanolaato🇸🇴
@@mrshonourable 😂😂 another hater frm the failed state of somalia , wether u hate or dislike the reality is Somaliland is an indipendent state and as the world witness this month Somaliland is a powerhouse in the horn unlike somalia's failed state 😂😂😂😂
@@imperator692 😂😂😂 ha noolaato mar walba qasab waxad hoos imanaysaan somaliland hadii la midobo iyo hadii lakala guuraba lbda jeerba somaliland bd hoos imnysaan mrwlba hargeysa ayd hoos imnysaan 😂😂 ciil waynaa sikstoo aad u qbtaan Isaaq ncyb xaga Alle ayaad kga xukuman tihiin inaad hoos timadan kuwaad xasidaysaan wyo xasidiinta illhy baa neceb wna sababta aydn waligiin Isaaq wxba kga qaadayn cuqdad xasad ncyb wna taa aad aragtaan mntba in sicad adunkii u arkay Somaliland mdx-bananideeda ethiopia iyo Uae hawada ka saareen somalia ee aqonsadeen Somaliland
@@libaaxasomaliland1066 isaaq land dreamed and didn't came true marka inta qabilka iska dafto sodinki sano so daama viva waqoyi somalia cadowga Ethiopia haalo taaarxilo
Very brilliant explanation
That was the most balanced analysis, thank you BT.
Most Fano supporters just copy pasting the TPLF ideology and that should not be taking easily by the government who has the responsibility to maintain the peace all over the counyry.
The regional instability in the Horn of Africa, as explained by Eugene, has one common factor, which is the United Arab Emirates (UAE). I believe the UAE is now a prominent player representing the Western imperialist order. As soon as they became involved in these regions, conflicts began.
Great piece! I’m very impressed with Mr. Puryear’s knowledge on this region. I’m definitely finding him on other platforms to follow him. You guys are very knowledgeable about the area, the history and the politics. I also like your impartiality. Most western media pushes the US point of view and leaves out the shadow hand behind most actions these governments take. Just a slight thing I had to point out… it’s Siad Bare or Siyaad Barre. Mr. Puryear said ‘Said Bar’ multiple times 😂 sounds very weird. Siad and Said are completely different names too.
Eugene, please start your own program focusing exclusively on East Africa, you would be a great analyst to bridge the gap between the region and the world. I used to watch Dr. Matsanga on Punchline Africa TV which features all local journalists, academics, analysts from the region. The intellectual capital in the region is immense, and it's also a vibrant area for political democracy. Kenya looks like a global model of democracy, compared to the disgrace that the United States has become.
Almost every time I look at a map I get surprised by how close to each other certain countries are that I didn’t think had so much to do with each other!
This is very good and correct analysis on Ethiopia power misuse, and the only motivation is land grap!
Good program 🇪🇷
Much love and respect from Somalia 🇸🇴. Insha’Allah Somalia 🇸🇴 will RISE once again since every empire/nation have their ups and downs.
Eugene you said it right to divide and rule st
It is very interesting about the zero sum result, and those that are benefitting from this! I see in all these conflicts in the HoA region, that UAE is the main driver and the one behind the zero sum for these conflicts! It could be other forces behind them, but its clear that UAE is the force behind the new coloniasm here!
Rania ❤❤❤
@EUGEAN PLEASE DON'T BOTHER EITHER" THEY AGREE OR DISAGREE."
YOU UNDERSTOOD EXACTLY WHAT THE POLITICS AND ELITES ARE FUNCTIONING HERE IN MY COUNTRY #ETHIOPIA🇪🇹 THANKS ALOT.
Have you some way to make the maps legible.....contrast? Thank you for all!
It’s sad to see any progress and unity in Africa knowing the resources we have!
It is interesting that you never mentioned UAE playing the huge role of chaos in Horn of Africa.
I think it's just because of how summarized it all had to be in order to fit so many topics into the timeframe.
@@theaconite1400not that the west dosent deserve being criticised but if the UAE is involved then don’t you think that should have been mentioned?
Ethiopia collaboratored with British and French colonialism during the scramble for Africa. Ethiopia colonised Western Somalia and Eritrea. The Eritrean people achieved their freedom after many years of national liberation struggle, the Somali people have yet to gain our national liberation against Ethiopian colonial occupation
😂😂SHAME ON YOUR
It will come soon brother I am seeing a Somali nationalist movement which I haven’t seen before everything will be right and justice as long we remember Allah and follow the laws he have given us
ERitrea is Part of Ethiopia and e will unite back soon
@@xmediabox Ethiopia couldn’t even defeat the tplf they needed help Eritrea
Full of lies report
Great breakdown! Pan Africanism is the only way forward
The instability in Somalia and Sudan is the result of external parties. If they stop, the situation will be stable by virtue of one religion and one language. Unlike Ethiopia, the entire ethnic demographic structure is in a state of conflict with each other, as well as historical grievances and finally ethnic politics, which promotes the deepening of the conflict between nationalities.
👏🏾👏🏾👏🏾👏🏾👏🏾👏🏾👏🏾👏🏾
❤
Rania Khalek
So hot right now ❤❤❤
As a African descended I support pan afrcan project.
We Somalis have had so many wars with Ethiopia for a centuries and Ethiopia is aware Somali fighting spirit. However, Ethiopian aggressive towards Somalia go whole the way 1414 and beyond, every time they tried, they have been defeated, retaliated and completely annihilated. The whole of Ethiopia was about to fall under somali hiro Ahmed Gurey1530, but saved by a Portuguese Pedro da Gama, son of navigator Vasco da Gama.
Ogaden War of 1977-78 between Somalia and Ethiopia, Somalia defeated Ethiopia and came as close as a few kilometers from the capital of Itiopia Addis Ababa but saved as usual and previous conflicts by Soviet Union and Cuba, which were seeking a cross-continent socialist alliance. If they think we have internal conflicts to be exploited and invade our country, we are willing to give them one more round. Somali Patriotism is what all Somalis have in common one for all, all for one, do not underestimate when it comes defending our motherland from north to south. Soomaliya ha noolaato.
Somalia ha nolaato! I’m from Lascaanood ❤
Please just Shhhh...
@@THESURAFELB He legit pointed out important historical events in Somali history. If you don’t like it, you could have just ignored it
@@DekaHana38oh,...🤫 Shhh you too.
your account of history is flawed. In the last century alone it's Somalia which invaded Ethiopia twice and defeated Twice. Lets that sink in first, now they want to try it a third time I don't think the result will be different. About the war in 16 century why you hide the fact that that warrior was Ethiopian to begin with. His home state was Harar which is well inside Ethiopian territory and he was supported heavily by Turkish. That war was a civil war not between Ethiopia and Somali. After I learned how much you hated us I realised that we are in fact too late to recognize Somaliland as independent country. I think Ethiopia will never wish to link economically with Somalia, you guys are hateful and unproductive.
One importan factor in the Horn region that you are overlooking is the factor that Somaliland ( a former British protectorate ) and Somalia ( a former Italian territory ) voluntarily united sometime in 1960 into some sort of haphaszard union which failed later in 1991 . Now Somaliland which withdrew from the union in 1991 has agreed to peridically rent a port area to land-locked Ethiopia in exchange for Ethiopian support for Somaliland's push for recognition in line with African colonial borders on which all African borders are based . This exchange of mutual interests between Somaliland and Ethiopia is normal and rightful. But the week Mogadishu government which is not even in control in its capital where A-shabaab is fighting against Amisom African force , that weak Somalia government is illogically trying to block Ethiopia-Somaliland ports relations . Of course they can not block and they have not the right to block .
Always amusing to see so called experts completely overlook the history of Somalia/Somaliland.
Eugene nailed it spot on. Ethiopia dont want good faith deal on port they want power over Somalia via Somaliland... ultimately USA is supporting from behind.
Correction : Not USA but UAE...
@@THESURAFELB
Glad you cleared that up.
Thank God it's the UAE and not the USA.
As we now know USA support (whether from behind or the front) is a formula for disaster.
@@peterfreeman1585 Yes, that's the truth in this case but that doesn't mean the USA is still innocent.🔔
Either way it's a great deveolpment and a win win.
Somalia is a failed state and sooner Somaliland is recognized the better.
@@user-xl4ob1hq7f A nation divided never will succeed.
Thank you! Great analysis. Ethiopia deeply understands its 5000-year rich history, including its border belonging to the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean-most of the complex issues you mention were created less than 50 years. One potential solution to address the complexities in the area should involve the United States taking a more active role in establishing the United States of the Horn of Africa (Eritrea, Ethiopia Djibouti, and Somalia) Capitalism is the solution!
👏🏾👏🏾👏🏾
I’m from somaliland and welcoming to Ethiopia come to my country I will never forget about the help they gave us when Somalia killing all somaliland I lost so many family even my father.
Liar
Obviously Ethiopians need to find ways to elevate only those politicians who have been able to get support cross-ethnically. If that is done, bit by bit Ethiopia will evolve into a major force.
Centralization and or Decentralization : Productivity in the Short- run and or long-run Market Profits . Sure Not Human Rights Moral Values. Afar Think-Tank Reedan-Makkaabe
good shit
This is how MSM should be = no nonsense narratives, no manipulation only excellent analysis TY 💎💎💎💎💎💎💎💎💎💎💎💎💎💎💎💎💎💎💎💎💎💎💎💎💎💎💎💎💎💎💎💎💎💎
Somalia is emerging from a 30 year old civil war and things were progressing so fast despite many issues like war with alshabaab and the Somaliland delima. Debt was recently forgiven, arms embargo was lifted. Mogadishu in just 10 years looks like a modern city. I say all that to say this, Ethiopia saw all the progress made and said it's now or never to invade and annex lands from the awdal region. This move will never be accepted and I am afraid it will send the whole region back decades all because of unattainable dream of the '7th emperor' abiy ahmed.
Good for you for the progress that happened in recent years. First this deal is not annexation that must be clear. Second had you had good neighbourly intention towards Ethiopia, you can negotiate in a tri-party to come up with a solution which is not as bad as today's. Third the deal will create good economic ties between Somaliland and Ethiopia. If Somaliland is part of your territory you should be happy by the infrastructures that will be built and the benefits people in both side of the border will enjoy from trading. That is to say, it's your duty to settle the difference you have with Somaliland, rather your intention is always to invade Ethiopia and turn the region into a war museum. The moment the news broke out ur president flow to Asmara and Cairo to get help to attack Ethiopia. Grow up and turn the region into peaceful and prosperous horn
@@lafforie6823 I don't care about the economy of Ethiopia, I wish them luck but a foreign country's interest has no effect on the national interest of our territories. our lands or resources are not for sale and no one has the right to do so. Again, I wish all our neighbors nothing but the best, try ur luck with eritrea or djibouti
@@warsame2245Eritrea the master of east Africa region we whopped Ethiopia’s ass they knew it very well we also helped them to destroy TPLF as well but now they betrayed us no East African countries trust them shame to Ethiopia under abiy 7th wizard leader
I just gave you both Ethiopian citizenship and I'm so sure that you two could move something bigger and make a difference
I really admire Eugene's span of knowledge about Africa's geopolitics. But I'm shocked that hearing from him saying he didn't understand the logic behind Ethiopia's desire in having a seaport. Seriously? It's a question of Justice, moral and a very existential issue for Ethiopia. How come a country with three thousand years of rich history, an ever growing large population and economy moreover had more than three seaports now denied of a plot of seaport at this time only because of the rule of colonization's divide and conquer? Please also make your research the level of diplomacy and discussion Ethiopian government exerted for the past three years in convincing the red sea courtiers in including Somalia in giving access to seaport in an exchange for economic benefit. I hope you will comeback with a cleaner view of why Ethiopia need a seaport, of course in a peaceful way, for its future existence.
Ethiopia is created under MINELIK's 125-year ago
Commenting for the algorithm 💛🤍💜🖤
Wait I watched something yesterday that was saying that Eritrea has the whole population imprisoned. I think I need another take. It was saying it’s a complete police state. No one can leave and they all have to indefinitely serve in military ie work for free
Eritrean here. And what u said is the absolute truth. These two have been at it for some time now spreading disinformation defending the indefensible and are most probably morally corrupt propagandists paid by the Eritrean regime. Don’t trust them at all.
Neither unity nor divided it's Africa
Labors contribution was always undervalued. Have to admit it's a little fun to see it come back to bite them in the ass while they consider who to hire as a CEO. They forgot what matters.
Somalia is moving forward, but Ethiopia is disintegrating
Somaliland* is moving forward. Somalia is just holding it back.
@@FluidFilledSac *Somalia is moving forward Ethiopia is holding it back
@@FluidFilledSacSomaliland is done. It is finished lol
@@FluidFilledSacthat’s not true. Somalilander are in chaos right now. We just lost lascaanod, our army is broken and our Region is divided based on isaaq sub-clans. we have other clans who do not want to be apart of somaliland. Funny because awadal, where Ethiopia plans to build its port isn’t even isaaq and they do not want to be independent. We need better solutions because independence has not United us at all.
@@mrshonourable who is we. You're not a Somalilander. You need to face the music you're literally so desperate you have to pretend to be a Somalilander online. You may fool the non Somali onlookers but we all know the truth, Somalilander or Somali. Somaliland's emancipation is near ✊
in and of itself
If anything East African nation s got to work together for better trade.
A jealous and envious neighbor creates chaos only to cause misery for everyone.
Though, I don’t agree with his views on Somaliland. I am going to abstained from negative comment, but I am going to kindly suggest the owner of this channel to look into significance of these dates. 1884, June 26, 1960, July 1, 1960 and May 18, 1991. 🎉🎉🎉🎉❤
Courting Russia in the horn will create a very bad outcome for the horn, but you won't understand this even as things fall apart.
Just a reminder Eugine you learned about Ethiopia in the war that took place between Ethiopia and TPLF...not too long ...just 2 years
Abiy Ahmed he’s working hard to make another Yugoslavia in Africa.. the reason Abiy Ahmed annexes region of Somalia he want Somalia recognise Oromia country another separatist in Ethiopia!!
What if every one was on board to redo the statiscrow here foe every one, with good competition for trade , and ivestment, for corporate, and the ordinarily person. Kind of s even playing field , will the the US and the Western countries be willing to compete honestly and productivity with the rest of the world. Are should we just give up hoping for simple things like this.
The issue in Ethiopia has a single fault line that is Abyssinian and none-Abyssinians divide. The Abyssinians (settlers with Arab and Jewish background) look down upon none-Abyssinians (native Africans) and subjugated and exploited them for centuries. The Oromo liberation struggle is one of freedom and self-preservation. There is more to the issues in Ethiopia than being portrayed !!
Somaliland is successful flourishing nation in terms of peace and democracy while Somalia is failed state that nourishes terrorist groups in east Africa.
Somaliland and Ethiopia are neighboring countries “like blood brothers” that share values, I support the Evolution of reaching out to Sustainable Developments in the horn
Share blood you said? We don't share blood. Secondly abiye ahmed does not represent ethiopia. He only represents his dictatorship. Somaliland is making a huge mistake because abiye is planning and plotting to annex that part of somalia by warm brotherly Negotiations. Abiye brutally attacked tigray for only holding local elections for 2 years. And then proceeded to attack amhara region just because he doesn't want 0 autonomy in ethiopia. What do you think he will do to Somaliland if they even attempt to resist him. Your best chance of survival is to stay with Somalia.
@@tedromelnes9980 mate oromo can’t choice to fight against 90 million in greater Somalia 🇸🇴
During the interview, I was initially impressed by the interviewee's insightful knowledge on historical political transformations and the current development of the Horn of Africa. However, when the conversation shifted towards Ethiopia's need for access to the sea, I was disappointed by the interviewee's shallow understanding of how a port is essential for a developing nation like Ethiopia, particularly with a large population. He seems unaware of how fees for port services on foreign territory can severely harm developing economies, especially in regions where countries compete unfairly for resources. Unfortunately, African nations have a history of competition and wars for territory, rather than supporting each other. Thus, I suggest that the interviewee read the UN's study on how landlocked countries lose competitiveness in international markets due to payments for bulk freight handling at foreign ports.
@birhanjommy
I am surprised that u were impressed. A knowledgeable African would immediately see this presentation for what it is. A dispassionate academic discussion by out of touch foreigners. With predefined stances, like glorifying the 14 year old BRICS..as if it's going anywhere. The Horn of Africa region will sort itself out.
Ethiopia lost its access to the sea when Eritrea rightfully seceded in 91. Both Assab and Massawa were open to Ethiopia but they refused. Somali ports are also open for business, but no navel bases will be accepted on Somali shores besides allies of Somalia like Egypt and Turkey. Ethiopia needs stability more than ports. The country is at the cusp of collapse and there are many rebels tearing it apart. Focus on your internal struggles before starting something you can't hope to finish.
@@raanajak471 A knowledgeable African would immediately see through this brazen attempt of annexation similar to Crimea. Ethiopia should focus on its internal woes before overstretching its military and inviting a complete collapse of the state.
Abiy is a chaos maker, horrible for the region.
Yeah I think a big missing point is the view of sea access. Ethiopia is the largest country and economy that doesn't have sea access. That sea access was taken away by the west and Arab countries specifically Saudi, ottomans, and Arab empires of the past. This immediately stunted the growth of the country and cut it off from global trade..at the time one of the few African nations that participated independently of an outside sphere of influence. So sea access is crucial to create and stable and secure port for African trade. Especially when you consider the asking price being 1.5 billion annual. That is not sustainable when trying to grow. Again no other significant world power doesn't have access to a sea port. Just Ethiopia. If Africa is to have a strong presence in BRICS and not just go from one master on another it needs to have a strong navy that can 0rotect ports and allow for trade. It needs to be the key so that China and Arab countries don't try to reinforce their own superiority narratives. Cap sea access is vital for any country trying to be a major presence. Also the Somaliland war for independence from somalia led to a bombing of hargiesa and and actual genocide of 200k somalilanders. You can't just ignore that aspect. Especially considering that somalia was the first to invade Ethiopia. I would appreciate an opportunity to come on the show and have a discussion on this. 👍🏾
It wasn't about independence it was about overthrowing the dictator who ruled that country at that time, secondly somalia invade Ethiopia because Ethiopia colonizes the ogaden region which was handed to them by British, hopefully u know how Ethiopia treated those people which led to the invasion of the somalia, but Ethiopia attacked somalia with their war planes when somalia got independence, why u not mentioning that? If Ethiopia lost its access to the red sea to Eritrea independence, Ethiopia can negotiate a deal with somalia or Djibouti or kenya but they must respect the territory of somalia, if not 1977 reloading
Interesting Eugene mentions 1991. That was the year noahide laws were first signed. 🤔😐
Viva Somaliland and Ethiopia ❤❤❤