S2 - 10 - Load Development (Part 1 of 2)

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 23 ต.ค. 2024

ความคิดเห็น • 104

  • @william16845
    @william16845 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Awesome I found this channel..I've been a grendel reloader for a long time but I just got a creed and am learning how to tune a load for my set up

  • @jpaul1232h
    @jpaul1232h 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    How long do you wait in between shots? I can’t ever find a good answer to this if it is a 70° day, are you still waiting three minutes in between each shot or are you shooting a group at a time? Also, are you shooting a couple shotsof random ammo before Utting your proof so your barrel is already hot?

    • @conservativesniperhunter7439
      @conservativesniperhunter7439 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

      I don’t think the guys make any more videos these days. I have fire one shot every 40 or so seconds when shooting 5 shot groups. This way the barrel doesn’t get hot and it ensures good long barrel life.

  • @axialmillipede
    @axialmillipede 6 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    So I drank the Staterlee kool-aid, and his system absolutely worked like magic. It's amazing to see how this works so consistently. The nodes were crystal clear, and easy to interpret.

  • @JB-kf3yb
    @JB-kf3yb 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Now I’m sure I’ve finally reached that point where I need a chronograph. Recently I’ve shot 1/4 and better with a max of 1/2” groups at 100 yards tells me right there why I’m not 7 or 9 hits out of 10 shots at 1000 yards. Factory ammo has been stellar at shorter distances up to 710 yards. Sure there’s some varying results that I don’t think anyone would complain about but for the end game more is needed. I made 5 hits out of 20 or so shots at 1025. Thanks for the vid guys! always enjoy. This helped confirmed its time to take it a step deeper into braking loads down and measuring everything including speed.

  • @bernielomax6160
    @bernielomax6160 4 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Back in my 6ppc 200yd benchrest days my best loads for group shooting had about 60fps es.

  • @electrontube
    @electrontube 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I know this is belated, and probably doesn't make a whole lot of sense... but thanks for all the work you guys do on your page and this video channel. that Excel spreadsheet has dropped my round-count for load development considerably, and the data gathered is much more valuable to me now. Cheers guys

    • @65Guys
      @65Guys  6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thanks for you positive comment. Happy shooting!

  • @jasonmpd2946
    @jasonmpd2946 9 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Good video folks. I'll be changing some aspects of how I analyze my load data. Particularly graphing in Excel to locate best accuracy potentials.
    In starting fresh with a new 6.5Grendel AR15 and 130gr Berger AR Hybrid bullets, so I will work up every bit of data from the beginning with this method.

    • @edmobley3
      @edmobley3 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      Jason McKinney Thanks for watching Jason. Please let us know what you find out.

  • @khail58
    @khail58 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    My lawd, what a great video. Thank you guys. Scott is a genius. I am a newbie and I learned so much from this video. I really appreciate you guys for delivering such amazing content and helping us random guys on the internet.

    • @edmobley3
      @edmobley3 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      Glad you enjoyed it!

  • @GunWodan
    @GunWodan 5 ปีที่แล้ว +12

    My life goal is finding a range buddy that looks at me the way you look at each other 😍

  • @georgelza
    @georgelza 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    ... question... I got a new rifle with new unfired brass... with the cost of all the components today... not making sense to simply firearm the brass to my chamber,
    how would you start, as in steps. ?
    1 . Determine OAL (with a Hornady gauge) ?
    2. load up rounds say sets of 3 (in .2 gn increments)... 10/1000's of the max length from #1
    3. find the sweet spot ?
    At what point would you think/consider to increase/decrease the seating depth,
    At what point would you consider/look at a different primer and what effect that might have?
    This is for a HOWA 1500, 300 PRC, ADG Brass, Hornady ELDM 225gr, looking at using Federal 215 Large rifle primers
    be keen to see, maybe you have a video, showing step by step your process.

  • @ronnieA251
    @ronnieA251 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi guys; thanks for putting these vids out here. It is much appreciated; I am relatively new to reloading.
    However, I have seen others (Hornady, Winning in the Wind) that show that using 5 round groups will not really give you nodes; it is not statistically significant. They suggest that velocity is just directly proportional to powder charge. This is not to say that a given charge doesn't make a difference in dispersion! As I have become quite aware there are many variables associated with internal ballistics that can have an effect on precision. What I don't have at this time is a feel for which have the greatest impact. I am not looking to become a LD or BR precision shooter, but want to work up really good loads for hunting. How about a Pareto chart for all the variables? (Let's exclude the shooter.) Thanks again; great vids.

  • @nilescoyote4829
    @nilescoyote4829 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent episode, I also have noticed the best loads generally have tight ES/SD numbers and I have often thought of running a load test in this fashion... I have always chickened out due to the POI shift from the magnetospeed and for what ever reason my groups with it attached always seem shoot tighter than with out it attached. Which makes me wonder if its dampening harmonics like some of those rubber donuts you can buy for your barrel or if its because of the added length it adds to the barrel, there by dampening the human element by making it take just a little more effort/time to move off target in the micro second you trigger your shot and the bullet leaves the barrel.
    looking forward to part two.

    • @edmobley3
      @edmobley3 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      Niles Coyote Thanks for watching. When we were at SHOT Show we talked to the Magneto Speed folks about group shifts. It has nothing to do with the weight on the barrel, rather it's something similar to ground effect when the bullet passes over the bayonet. Turn the magneto speed in 90 degree increments and you'll see the group move accordingly. While I've noticed that my groups shift, they are the same size with and without the magneto speed.

    • @nilescoyote4829
      @nilescoyote4829 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Ed Mobley I am putting this new (to me) load development method to the test on a new 6.5 creedmoor barrel and will be using the 130 Berger AR Hybrid's and H4350... I hope to finalize tomorrow and use it at a Guardian Match on the 27th. I'll start a thread on the Hide once I am done with development.

    • @edmobley3
      @edmobley3 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      Niles Coyote Thanks Niles!

  • @mrmikesgunrack
    @mrmikesgunrack 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    “Welcom to an utter episode of 6.5 guys”

    • @MrMalicious5
      @MrMalicious5 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      I’m waiting for the udders.

  • @ZManiac335
    @ZManiac335 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    So, compared to a Newberry OCW, you are adding SD and ES measurements, over just group size. By shooting in groups by charge weight you don't get the normalizing of all groups to barrel and environmental variations that you would get by using more of a round robin technique (each shot, move to next charge wt & target). Advantage stated is not moving position much by shooting one group at a time, and can use the chrono to calc SD, etc. Do need more shots per charge to get meaningful SD. Big improvement in meaningful result over scatter ladder, though.

    • @edmobley3
      @edmobley3 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      ZManiac335 Thanks for watching! That's an excellent summary of the approach. If we had a machine rest, or were supremely confident in our dot drill skills, we would shoot round robin for the very reasons you state. It would be fair to say that this approach is a bit of a compromise.

  • @yeff2
    @yeff2 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great video with awesome information. I like the way you break it down with the slides.

    • @edmobley3
      @edmobley3 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks Jeff.

  • @jcm312
    @jcm312 6 ปีที่แล้ว +13

    Quit interrupting each other!!! Good lord!!!

  • @marktutton8503
    @marktutton8503 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Really informative videos - thanks for sharing! What distances would you shoot the 130g VLD's and what group size would you be happy with? Thanks

  • @electrontube
    @electrontube 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    @23:23 "Stay classy San Diego... Thanks for stopping by"

  • @neilharris4462
    @neilharris4462 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Awesome series guys.

    • @edmobley3
      @edmobley3 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      Neil Harris Thanks Neil

  • @dansnowman29
    @dansnowman29 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great Info.
    Finally someone explain how to find COL for the regular guy.

    • @edmobley3
      @edmobley3 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      Glad you found it helpful!

  • @spencerhurley8359
    @spencerhurley8359 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Do you guys have a link to where I can learn to make graphs like that in Excel?

  • @FreelanceMarketingSolution
    @FreelanceMarketingSolution 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    At what range would you suggest performing this test? Great video!

  • @Bubbaleeroypjjohnson
    @Bubbaleeroypjjohnson 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you for the reply, keep the videos coming, very good info.

    • @edmobley3
      @edmobley3 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      Bubbaleeroypjjohnson Thanks for watching!

  • @jeremycomtois6550
    @jeremycomtois6550 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Is there any way to get this formatted to work in google sheets so we can use it on an iPad/tablet? Awesome videos

  • @jmbaumann33
    @jmbaumann33 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    So ive been told don't back off the lands more then .015 to eliminate the bullet slamming into the lands initally. Backing off the lands .02 and you guys aren't seeing any signs of the bullet jumping into the lands/wearing out your lands sooner then expected or anything inconsistent in the accuracy? I'm just curious. @6.5 Guys

    • @edmobley3
      @edmobley3 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      Hi Jake - we have not heard that advice. To the contrary, we've spoken with some bullet manufacturers who recommend even further jump distances. You'll find this piece from Berger interesting where they recommend jump from .030-040 for their VLD bullets: www.bergerbullets.com/getting-the-best-precision-and-accuracy-from-vld-bullets-in-your-rifle/

    • @jmbaumann33
      @jmbaumann33 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      Ed Mobley good read. Might be worth looking into. I havent gotten into the precision shooting side of things with my 6.5 yet. Use it more for hunting and shooting out to 500 ish yards for fun. Might make me want to see how far I can stretch my "hunting" rifle out to.

    • @edmobley3
      @edmobley3 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      Best of luck and thanks for watching!

  • @davidhampton1595
    @davidhampton1595 9 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Guys, I just discovered you today and I'm impressed with the information that you provide in your videos; however, I do have a recommendation that will help us older farts better understand the information - when you mention a product or a procedure or a recipie or whatever, please consider flashing away from the pretty faces and show an example of what you are discussing along with the written words in case we can't understand what you're saying. When I watched the, "A look at rear bags" video, I had to keep cycling back through where each of you were saying, "Wiebad Pump Pillow" and finally I gave up on that and just started blindly googling things such as, "we bag pump pillow" and finally stumbled upon the correct product. Thanks!

    • @65Guys
      @65Guys  9 ปีที่แล้ว

      +David Hampton - thanks for the watching our videos and the great feedback. The best place to usually find this type of information is on the detailed write-up we have of each video that we post on our website (www.65guys.com). We'll also try to work on adding the product names as either subtitles in the video or in the video information/description on TH-cam.

  • @jscobes8614
    @jscobes8614 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Question - In your opinion, with a brand new never fired rifle, should I shoot 60ish rounds to lay down copper in the barrel before starting Phase 1 Step 2?

    • @edmobley3
      @edmobley3 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Barrel break-in is one of those religious topics with endless discussions - just search around on the topic. While we don't engage in any type of barrel break-in procedure we have observed that velocities really settle down after the first 100 shots. That being said, I'd feel more comfortable doing my load development after the first hundred rounds. If I had a new barrel would I fire 100 rounds solely for the purpose of load development? No I wouldn't especially if I was shooting 6mm as that represents a good portion of the barrel life.

    • @travisholverson2577
      @travisholverson2577 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      A lot of people start with a new barrel and work up a load till they find what works, in reality they just got the barrel broken in to a point where it shoots consistently.

  • @kellywaldo3215
    @kellywaldo3215 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great vids guys, keep them coming. Wanted to ask about the range graph results, there were a couple of loads that had group sizes in the 0.7 inch range. You didn't consider those good loads because of higher SD. BUT, only one of the shots in both cases caused the SD to go up. Statistically speaking, this one shot would be designated as an outlier no? Why wouldn't you load up some more rounds for those loads just to confirm that you do not have/have an outlier?

    • @65Guys
      @65Guys  8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      You make a good point. I could have explored an accuracy node up at the higher loads, but the lower capacity accuracy node seemed to be wider and more forgiving in terms of level of muzzle velocity variation to the powder charge (the flat shelf in curve we talked about) which is the sweet spot I wanted to be in. Also, at the higher end of the curve I didn't want to run into issues of potentially dealing with a compressed load.

  • @devinduncan2830
    @devinduncan2830 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Do y’all have a video on brass prep?

  • @caskasnr
    @caskasnr 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    can't wait for the next episode guys

    • @edmobley3
      @edmobley3 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      caskasnr You'll enjoy it. I actually got a load with an SD of 1

    • @caskasnr
      @caskasnr 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      When can we expect it Ed?

    • @edmobley3
      @edmobley3 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      caskasnr We're going to do the final post production over the weekend so within the next two weeks. We did a workup on 123 Scenars with H4350 and Varget and 139 Scenars with H4350. The biggest challenge with the 6.5x47 is settling on a load because there are really no bad loads. Most SDs were in the single digits and most groups were under 1/2 inch. I contrast that with load development that I did on the .260 a while back and there were clearly good and bad loads.

    • @ValueofLiberty
      @ValueofLiberty 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      Ed Mobley Love the channel guys keep up the good work! The wait for part two is killing me :-)

    • @edmobley3
      @edmobley3 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      ***** Thanks for watching and it's exciting to know that folks are eager to hear what we have to say. We are humbled.

  • @lytening79
    @lytening79 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    A note and a question:
    1) In the powder velocity matrix (around the 18:00 minute mark), you've chosen the "stdev.s" function for excel. It seems to me that it should have been the stdev.p function, which calculates the entire population of selected data.
    2) In the same graph, what does the red line tracking? It appears that it is mostly tracking the median velocity for each powder charge, but it clearly is tacked to the mean for the first powder charge series of shots. You talk a lot about the "shelf", but never mention exactly what that red line tracks (or did I miss it?)

    • @65Guys
      @65Guys  7 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      The Excel sheet was developed using an older version of Excel and uses the STDEV function. As you noted, newer versions of Excel have STDEV.S and STDEV.P. The model can be updated to use the STDEV.P function, which statistically would be more accurate. However, the calculated result usually differs in less than 1 FPS difference - so for visually interpreting the chrono data it makes no practical difference. The key stat of interest should be extreme spread.
      The Red line isn't actually graphed using Excel - it is 'hand drawn' in an attempt to interpolate a smooth curve function across the average/median points of the different loads. The "shelf" we refer to in the video is that part of the curve where there is very little rise in average FPS from one load to the next or where the curve starts to flatten out slightly.

  • @stevelovesterri
    @stevelovesterri 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    On the OCW analysis graph (17:46 into the video), is the smooth graph line generated from the Median fps and straight trend line generated from the Average fps ?

    • @65Guys
      @65Guys  7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Yes. However, with Excel you could change the graph easily to visualize the data the other way. In general I prefer to use a median statistic for group average since it tends to deal better with data outliers compared to a mean statistic, particularly if you are only calculating the mean or median using five shots for the same charge weight.

  • @JAMcDonald1
    @JAMcDonald1 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    What curve fitting algorithm do you use for the velocity/sd vs grains of powder. I ask because the "plateau" wasn't so apparent to me.

    • @65Guys
      @65Guys  8 ปีที่แล้ว

      +John McDonald There isn't an 'algorithm' that we are using. We are comparing the charted data points and comparing against a hypothetical linear relationship (straight line graph) between grains of powder and muzzle velocity. Where we see the curve start to flatten out, that is the plateau we are referring to.

    • @JAMcDonald1
      @JAMcDonald1 8 ปีที่แล้ว

      +6.5 Guys Thanks. I was asking because you have a smoothed curve fit to the mean velocity values, not a straight regression line. I'll try this out.

    • @edmobley3
      @edmobley3 8 ปีที่แล้ว

      +John McDonald There are some loads we developed with Varget where it's literally a straight line - no plateau. Must be one of the reasons Varget is so popular.

  • @SuperOpinion8ed
    @SuperOpinion8ed 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    "Effects", not "Affects"... as for chonys, try the labradar (maybe didn't exist when they made this video) handgun and longguns. little temperamental with cans but you can make it work. glad you said 5 shots isn't an accurate sample! too many people shoot 3 shot groups and draw a hard conclusion about their loads based on that. "this 3-shot 1/4 moa group must be the best load!"

  • @Bubbaleeroypjjohnson
    @Bubbaleeroypjjohnson 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    is the chronograph excel spread sheet with graph available for download?

    • @edmobley3
      @edmobley3 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      Bubbaleeroypjjohnson Thanks for watching. Let me get that up on our web site.

  • @jeffhopper3269
    @jeffhopper3269 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Nice vid I watched the whole thing .

    • @edmobley3
      @edmobley3 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thank you!

  • @williamwhittaker4775
    @williamwhittaker4775 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Nice TV. I haven't seen a tube TV in years.

  • @roberthodges5272
    @roberthodges5272 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    The only trouble is that Scott is a Seahawks fan

  • @electrontube
    @electrontube 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    @17:45, HOW THE HOLY HECK DID YOU MAKE THAT CHART?!! I just wrecked two nights trying three different spreadsheet programs and every dot, scatter, and line chart I could come up with... only to end up drinking myself to sleep out of frustration. Please, for the love of all that is holy... please show me the ways of the Force, and how to make this chart.

    • @65Guys
      @65Guys  6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      The excel model is available for free as a an Excel file download on our website - www.65guys.com. Search for the article write-up of this video and you'll find the link to the file withing the article. Note that in the spring time frame Steve will be releasing an update to the Excel model to make it a little more user friendly and also have a video episode to provide a tutorial for how to use the model to analyze your chronograph load data.

    • @electrontube
      @electrontube 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      I'm dumbfound, I have a half-answer in the form on an OpenOffice spreadsheet graph (finally) but it doesn't read as intuitively as yours. Thank you for your time, energy, thought, consideration, and the value you bring to the table. The more I read your website, and the video content you constantly push out, the more I am impressed. You guys are a real quality act. I'm gonna say this in the most heterosexual way I know how... I love you. Keep up the amazing work, and thanks again. Total bro-crush going on over here.

  • @scottcampbell9002
    @scottcampbell9002 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Could you do a video on how you graph your range results in excel? That would be awesome!!!

    • @edmobley3
      @edmobley3 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      That's actually in the plans!

    • @electrontube
      @electrontube 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Admittedly, I am not a smart man... but I can tie my own shoes and make a grilled cheese sandwich. I just shot two free nights in the face trying to replicate this exquisite chart format. To no avail. I drank myself to sleep on night two after spending a good half-hour shaking my fist angrily at the sky cursing my creator. Please, for the sake of the children, please move this up your list of "internet things to do". You'd do it for Randolph Scott.

  • @whallison1
    @whallison1 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Nice video guys. Great info! Ed, curious if you had a chance to work up your 6.5CM load with the new 130 AR? I just got some and put them through my 260 and was blown away by the velocities. Would like to hear your results. You can contact me on SH at FTRinPA if you want.

    • @edmobley3
      @edmobley3 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      Hi - we're not shooting the 6.5 CM yet so don't have anything to share. We will be reviewing the new Lapua 6.5 CM brass with the small primer pocket. Long story short, the small rifle primer pocket results in a very durable case.

  • @zoidelux
    @zoidelux 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    What happened to the 65 guys??????

  • @twistedsphere
    @twistedsphere 9 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Go Hawks!

  • @danpearce5192
    @danpearce5192 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    I found I can't shoot for groups with my magnetospeed on as it really opens the groups. I have to do this as a separate stage

    • @edmobley3
      @edmobley3 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      While the magnetospeed will change the point of impact, we have not observed it opening up groups. Make sure it's good and tight on the barrel.

    • @danpearce5192
      @danpearce5192 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      Ed Mobley it was fine on my 16" barrels DTA but my custom Remington with a 26" barrel it ruined accuracy. I figured it must be a case of altered harmonics.....

    • @edmobley3
      @edmobley3 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      Interesting. Thanks for sharing.

  • @shauntucker5145
    @shauntucker5145 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I know this is old. what if you get low sd and es but group size is over 1moa?

    • @shauntucker5145
      @shauntucker5145 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Chocoloco654.. this is not a situation unique to me. many have talked about their best accuracy groups are not the tightest of sd and or es.

  • @blacksand9805
    @blacksand9805 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Methodology, rule no 1 : avoid prs positions LOL

  • @AndrewMurphy8383
    @AndrewMurphy8383 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    do i need a crongraph to load develop

    • @65Guys
      @65Guys  8 ปีที่แล้ว

      If you follow the approach/methodology discussed in this video episode you will need to use a chronograph.

    • @fcrum
      @fcrum 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Yes, I feel it is the only way to get the most accurate load

  • @270weatherby4
    @270weatherby4 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Is that Peter from family guy

  • @jeremy67A
    @jeremy67A 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    This information is dead on. One consideration one may have is making the OAL short enough to fit in a magazine, (you may be stuck going shorter than optimal OAL.) That's when I cry tears in my beers.

    • @65Guys
      @65Guys  7 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks for the comment. Yes, it's very common for shooters to run into mag length restrictions while trying to tune the seating depth of a load.

  • @robertchristino4152
    @robertchristino4152 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    I didn't know how to send you an email message, so I picked one of your videos at random so I could communicate some information to you. I watched one of your Hornady Comparator videos and you didn't know how to align the anvil with its mate. I included a link to show you how. Go to th-cam.com/video/whln3B3DFAY/w-d-xo.html and start at 12:45 minutes into the video. He explains it. Both of my Hornady parts line up exactly, simply by moving the screw on one of them. Credit is given to HornadyLoader. Hope this helps.

  • @mortenbreiland3984
    @mortenbreiland3984 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Advertising!!

  • @briangunner8355
    @briangunner8355 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hope you have learned not to interrupt!

  • @ktmkaratechips
    @ktmkaratechips 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    An udder episode

  • @normanmcneal3605
    @normanmcneal3605 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    If you cannot decide on bullet group in a simple 10 round ladder test ? You need to feed you tube for likes

  • @brucepooley9651
    @brucepooley9651 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    You need to look at the camera 90% and at each other 10 % instead of the opposite you are doing now. Your video is good but hard to watch.

  • @cc27006
    @cc27006 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hey guys i made a video of how to use your spreadsheet!
    th-cam.com/video/rAIl14lLQ2w/w-d-xo.html

  • @nickfornarotto128
    @nickfornarotto128 ปีที่แล้ว

    Get to the point don't waist time giving commentary, what's the best giving formula