Classical Greek Philosophy: Socrates and Plato
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 29 ก.ย. 2024
- When you think of philosophy, the first figures you likely think of are the classical Greek philosophers, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. It's time to dig into these enormous figures in the history of philosophy, starting with Socrates and Plato. Who were they? What sorts of views did they espouse? Just how influential were they? Let's get a closer look now!
Script by Luca Igansi
Watch the whole Philosophy/Logic playlist: bit.ly/ProfDave...
Psychology Tutorials: bit.ly/ProfDave...
Mathematics Tutorials: bit.ly/ProfDave...
General Chemistry Tutorials: bit.ly/ProfDave...
Organic Chemistry Tutorials: bit.ly/ProfDave...
Biochemistry Tutorials: bit.ly/ProfDave...
Biology/Genetics Tutorials: bit.ly/ProfDaveBio
Anatomy & Physiology Tutorials: bit.ly/ProfDave...
Biopsychology Tutorials: bit.ly/ProfDave...
Pharmacology Tutorials: bit.ly/ProfDave...
History of Drugs Videos: bit.ly/ProfDave...
Geology Tutorials: bit.ly/ProfDaveGeo
EMAIL► ProfessorDaveExplains@gmail.com
PATREON► / professordaveexplains
Check out "Is This Wi-Fi Organic?", my book on disarming pseudoscience!
Amazon: amzn.to/2HtNpVH
Bookshop: bit.ly/39cKADM
Barnes and Noble: bit.ly/3pUjmrn
Book Depository: bit.ly/3aOVDlT
Fan of Socrates: I LOVE YOU!
Socrates: What is love?
Fan: Very wise words!
Socrates: What is wise?
Cheese doodles, dipsy doodles, ya know, wise.
Missed opportunity to type in "Baby don't hurt me, don't hurt me, no more" as a reply to Socrates.
@@cvleb777😂
baby dont hurt me
Your approach to explaining complex concepts is brilliant. It makes everything so clear!
I hope Stoicism is getting a video
What you just said about Socrates' ethical theory was actually developed by Zoroaster, and likely influenced Socrates.
There once was a wise man named Dave
Whose love for chemistry was all the rave
He taught his students to seek the truth
And to question everything they knew since youth
With Socrates' spirit, he challenged the fake
And Plato's wisdom, he sought to make
He debunked the lies, he tore them down
With knowledge as his sword and truth as his crown
He blended the qualities of these great men
Until he matched them, time and time again
For like Socrates, he asked the hard questions
And like Plato, he searched for true perceptions
So let us raise a glass to Professor Dave
Whose passion for knowledge will never fade
For he is a true philosopher at heart
And his teachings will always be a work of art.
😂😂😂😂
@@hm-dq5sq
Hello, how are you?😂😂😂😂
Thanks Chatgpt poet
You have my like as well as my comment
Can you please talk about the patristics and scholastism next video please? Im going to need that for my philosophy class
Bertrand Russell does a great series on the history of western philosophy
Absolutely.
Clipart-socrates' demented smile is somehow extremely funny to me.
This was brilliant thanks
36,000 years ago
huh
First writings were from India
Hey Dave I have recently looked at a lot of Graham Hancocks research and "documentaries" I feel that they are interesting and a bit more though out than flat earth however still very speculative and not really evidence based. Would you ever make a video about this?. He is known for his theory that 12,000 tyears ago an advanced civilisation was wiped out by a comet or meteor and are now only visible tghrough ancient megalithic sites, he also thinks the sphinx are 12,000 years old or something ike that - Thanks Max
Hancock is a douchebag charlatan. Disregard.
🎉❤💞🙏🏽👍🏿👍🏻👍 dialogue 😅
science lead to physics and that to Philosophy
Other way around!
😶
Moses is the ultimate and supreme prophet for all time.
Why
@@coalcat5417 The authenticity of Moses is based on the public revelation at Sinai: God revealed Himself to the entire nation of Israel, at least three million people, and proclaimed before them the Ten Commandments. The entire Jewish people personally experienced that revelation, each individual in effect becoming a prophet, and each one verifying the experience of the other. With their own eyes they saw, and with their own ears they heard, as the Divine voice spoke to them, and also they heard God saying, "Moses, Moses, go tell them the following ..." They did not receive the occurrence of that event and accept it as some claim or tradition of an individual, but they experienced it themselves. That public revelation, therefore, authenticated the bona fide status of Moses as a prophet of God, and the Divine origin of the instructions he recorded in the Torah. That, and that alone, is the criterion for the belief in, and acceptance of, Moses and his teachings, as God said to him, "I will come unto you in a thick cloud that the people may hear when I speak with you and will also believe in you forever" (Exodus 19:9).
Wish you were more honest about transgender people and the changes hormone replacement therapy does.
Anti trans humor is also abusive and I will never stop standing up to it as well!
Where have I been dishonest?
I am also interested in hearing an explanation. How was Dave dishonest?
I have only seen one video by him based on the subject, but it seemed in line with contemporary scientific consensus.
When Plato was asked by an interviewer how it felt to be the smartest Greek philosopher in the world he replied " I don't know you'll have to ask Socrates"
He ought to have paid more attention to him.
When Einstein was asked by an interviewer.....🤡
Interviewer? 😂😂😂
@@John-k6f9k When Keith Richards was asked...
When Katt Williams was asked …
The greatest chain of teacher-pupil relationships in history. Socrates instructed Plato who instructed Aristotle who instructed Alexander the Great who instructed the world
For those of you interested in philosophy, primary sources are very important in the learning process. The humanities are different from the stem fields, in that you don't need to read the Principia, to understand newtonian physics deeply; for the humanities, primary sources are a part of the process, the more you read them the better off you are. In this case, for example, there is a lot of detail omitted, and the socratic method is much richer than depicted here, if you read the dialogues, and while there may be some weird twists of logic now and then, on the whole, it is a wonderful and a beautiful artwork of reason, most of the problems in philosophy are contained in the platonic dialogues, and a lot of the solutions given are valid and cogent; of course, some more or less depending on your paradigm. The general method Socrates takes is a dialogical one, where the person who's in gestation will seek the truth, and try to give birth or light to it. While socrates is the midwife of this truth and will try to seek it out, avoiding all possible bouts of falsehood. In these sinotic and diaretic procedures, from the many to the one, and from the one to the many, you gain a more keen and lucid view of reality, key distinctions and many insights that come together into a more unified organic view of life. Very inspiring ethically, metaphisically and epistemologicaly. It is said that all of philosophy can summed up as footnotes to Plato, and that all began on account of Socrates.
Big fan of you diving into these philosophical videos. It's so good to ensure we all have at least a basic understanding of such important historical figures and their philosophies.
Fun fact: Plato is the nickname given to Aristocles because of his physical broadness.
That's right. The poor dude has us calling him thicc until the end of time.
But wasnt that because of his broad forehead?
Plato (Platonas in greek) doesn't mean wide in volume but more like "wide level surface" (like a table top) and refers to his forehead being wide.
I'm pretty sure it was to his wide shoulders and that he was a wrestler
@@petroserk9370it's his shoulders not his forehead 💀
Aristotle defines Eudaemonia as the end of all things, living and non living, then he moves on to mention that the good is most likely a divine monotheistic being, characterized as the sun in Plato’s allegory of the cave. I’d like to know what you think of this Dave.
interesting
These guys were geniuses it’s crazy ahead of their time!
Good video, but the thing you forgot to mention about Plato was how he was the inventor of the plate.
Socrates did reductio ad absurdum, not appeal to extremes.
Wow, what an amazing video on Classical Greek Philosophy! Socrates and Plato have always been such fascinating figures to me. Their ideas and teachings continue to inspire and shape our understanding of the world today. Thank you for sharing this insightful and engaging video. I can't wait to delve deeper into their philosophies!
I waited for a long time for this video.. idk out of nowhere I'm suddenly intrested in Greek philosophy
Based and Socrates pilled
They say philosophy has to be more felt than be comprehended. And this made easy with your new series which are seeding basic understanding thoroughly.
Excellent presentation and keep it coming Dave 👍:)
Unfortunately, Plato saw no redeeming value in the arts.
Wow he just described Christianity. Plato stoled his philosophy and wisdom from the Old Testament. The early Christian kinda of make fun of him because his work is straight up the Old Testament wisdom which is good at least he understood the spiritual meaning from the Bible more than the Jews did.
Interestingly enough I read something about this the other day
@@Chrono-Curator yes if you read the early Christian writings they talk about this. I hope links work in comments but here is one. It’s about Plato stealing from the Old Testament
th-cam.com/video/GRfsWprgKHs/w-d-xo.htmlsi=DbaDhNoBfDtCdqwU
I know you had nothing to do with this but I literally just did an exam on the two yesterday.
Comunque adoro il tuo lavoro!
Professor Dave love your content and Tutorials I like to one thing what is your personal view on Buddhists believes and theories ?
same!
Pseudoscience b.s.
This is a philosophy series, sweetie.
Compare Deuteronomy and Jesus with the chaots like Socrates and Plato (I know, that I know nothing" Plato expelled from Athens, the first known misleading communist.) Those chaots did not bring anything positive, bringing nothing good untill our days....
Homaging Majestic Zeus
I don’t recall him saying i know i know nothing if I remember correctly (and I cant help my self toremember)after questioning someone who claimed some knowledge and literally torturing him he pointed out his ignorance snd he liked to belittle himself
Knowledge gained through dialogues then
i know one thing thats that i know nothing. Socrates-
power of ignorance is underestimated most of time
and people really dont understand what is ignorance ?
to know something wrong ?
or to dictate something even that is wrong ?
both of them is not ignorance
ignorance is a heavy stone that idealism trying to carry it to another place
😂 Socrates was the "BLESSED FOOL" of the trio... It rolled downhill from there 😢
Would it be fair to say that an "appeal to extremes" is akin to a "false dichotomy?" Interestingly, the word "dichotomy" comes from the Greek word, "dikhotomia," which means "to cut in two, apart."
Honestly so hyped to go chill with the AI reincarnation of these bad boys in virtual reality in 20 years or so
Great stuff! Would you be open to discussing radicalisation? Specifically what causes it, what radicalised people think and how to escape radicalising mindsets?
Imagine: an alien beams you and a radical up and asks you each to explain your actions. It knows you as a citizen, and them as a radical. The radical names the long list of injustices in the world, and then say: "I found all the killing, stealing, and raeping by the country i live in, in my name and with my money too horrible, so I gave up on living in that way, and stared to fight against it."
And then the alien asks you what the country you live in does, and what you did about it, and you have to tell them you paid for it, supported it, ignored it, made excuses for it, and otherwise enabled all of it, what do you imagine the alien will believe a "radical" is, and a "citizen" is?
You plainly think you know, but I think a space alien would understand it better.
@@CapnSnackbeard That's a depressingly single-minded way of viewing things. One can fight for a cause without being a radical.
For example, Veganism: the overwhelming majority of vegans choose to be so because they don't want to cause, support or encourage the harming of animals. There are many vegans that practice their beliefs in private, some are open about it, some can even be very anal about it, but then you get radical vegan who choose to insult and belittle the people they aught to want to convince to their side. Some radical vegans have even committed murders and other extreme criminal acts to make their point.
Perhaps unsurprisingly, the age of the internet has made radical vegans the loudest and most well known group, actively drowning out non-radical voices who, from what I myself have looked into, make actually really solid points, even if I ultimately don't agree with them.
My point is that the difference between a radical and a non-radical in my eyes is someone who makes their point by making enemies to fight, even if those enemies might have otherwise been sympathetic. I just find the topic fascinating and would like an easy resource to point to when talking about it with others.
Watched all of it 8:55
Thank you professor Dave 😊
the intro SLAPS🔥🔥🗣🗣
He was knowledgeable . He was not a rebel, and he was no threat. He was a teacher. He had the credibility and power to educate and help people, anyone. ❤ And other people had plans against people or they just didn't like that he helped people. Or maybe others were jealous. It was an honor to be able to speak to him. Something else was happening at that temple during or after that time I think possibly some other rebel.
3:35 i meant socrates lol
There's also No Written text of Jesus Christ himself ..every record comes from the work of others ...
I don't know my destination
I do know I'm on the right path.
This makes me angry. How did Socrates get to be famous because his friend said he was cool. That’s the only reason I’m sorry, but I don’t think we should talk about him anymore that’s not fair.
Fusion bridge from ancient Greco Roman philosophy became modern Christian religion.
I am here, Socrates, the Greek.
I knew that you thought of me and I was attracted by your thought. If such spirit is in rapport with you or has a similar soul quality; the soul condition is the great medium of attraction.
I have been with you before, and there is a rapport growing out of your soul qualities. I am now a believer in the Christian doctrine of the soul’s immortality, and in the teachings of Jesus as to the way to obtain the Divine Love of the Father, as you are, and, hence, our qualities of soul are similar.
I am now a follower of the Master and believe in his Divine mission on earth, although he had not come to earth when I lived. After I became a spirit I realized my belief in the continuity of life after death, and lived in the spirit world a great many years after Jesus came before I learned and believed his larger truth of immortality.
Of course, when I taught I had only a hope which was almost a certainty that I should continue to live through all eternity, but I had no other foundation for that belief than the deductions from my reasoning powers and the observations of the workings of nature.
I had heard of the visitations of the spirits of the departed, but had never had any personal experiences in that direction, but I readily believed it to be true.
My conviction of the truth of a future continuance was so strong that it amounted to a certainty, and hence when I died, I comforted Plato and my other friends and disciples, by telling them that they must not say that Socrates will die but rather that his body will die; his soul will live forever in fields Elysian. They believed me, and Plato afterwards enlarged on my belief.
And Socrates did not die, but as soon as his breath left the body, which was not very painful even though the fatal hemlock did its work sure and quickly, he went into the spirit world a living entity, full of the happiness that the realizations of his beliefs gave him.
My entrance into the spirit world was not a dark one, but full of light and happiness, for I was met by some of my disciples who had passed over before me and who had progressed very much in the intellectual development. I then thought that my place of reception was the heaven of good spirits, for there were good spirits to meet me and carry me to my home. I was then possessed of what I thought that I was in the home of the blessed; and I continued…
Received 7/8/1915, new-birth.net
You think you have grasped the essence of Socrates and plato and then you go to Parmenides and you realise you don't understand shit...
Plato transformed his wise mentor's words "I know nothing" into the way of life we live today. Plato's philosophy is "YOU know nothing." They are polar opposite to one another.
I wonder if Socrates was an enlightened figure. I can't help but find parallels between him and the practices of Zen Buddhist masters.
It's not so much that Plato wrote the first written philosophy, it's that it was only shortly before his time that writing began to be used to record abstract ideas. We also have the first works of history from this period. Even then, works like plays, poems, and possibly dialogues like Plato's would have been primarily oral compositions, either recorded after the fact or written so as to be read out loud to others.
The work of Platon is called STATE [ΠΟΛΙΤΕΙΑ] not Republic
Your approach to explaining complex concepts is brilliant. It makes everything so clear!
Oh, boy! I'm a BIG hole fan! Years ago, I saw a bit in the paper - apparently there were four thousand holes in Blackburn, Lancashire. But I'll wager those were just a few of the holes -just the holes that turned out for the concert, or something. I've forgotten now. Anyway, I suspect there are many, many morel) holes than those.
My car has holes. My mechanic adds fluids through those. My garden has holes. Moles made those holes. Or perhaps those who made the holes are voles. My shoes have holes. My head has holes. Collecting holes was one of my goals. I put my first hole in a bowl. But then, there was a hole in the bowl!Out the hole in the bowl my first hole had rolled! At the time, though, when I looked in the bowl, I thought my hole had been stolen. When I started school, I'd gathered hundreds of holes, & I'd learned a whole lot about holes, and I knew a way how to stow me a hole and a way how to stop it from rollin', or being stolen. Hold open one hole & stow all the holes in the hole that you're holdin'! Though my knowledge has not reached perfection, I affirm that this method really does work for even a whole hole collection!
If officers were commissioned by the president and recommended by congress and enlisted like us are slaves?
Beautiful and very informative video. In your video two Philospher i.e Socrates and Plato statues in Acadmey entrance area but whereas is Aristotle statue located? Please let me know cuz we are going next month to Athens. Thanks & Regards
As you talked about Socrates, I couldn't help noting numerous parallels between his story and another one that was written more than 400 years later. It's quite a coincidence...or maybe no coincidence at all...that the New Testament tells the story of an enlightened teacher who attracted a posse of disciples, sought to share his teachings with children, challenged the authority of those in power, and was eventually put on trial and executed as a heretic. Side Note: yesterday during a conversation I had with a friend who recently escaped an oppressive, authoritarian religion, I compared her journey to Plato's _Allegory of the Cave._ Upon finally seeing see the truth...and lies...she can't ever go back to believing what she did before.
Also, he wrote nothing down himself.
The difference is that we have eye-witness accounts of Socrates from his own time, including some hostile voices. Nothing was written about Jesus in his supposed life.
@@nagoranerides3150 And, as Dr. Richard Carrier points out, the first person ever to write about Jesus (Paul) freely admitted to never actually meeting him when he was alive.
@@OmniphonProductions Which also raises the question - what about Paul? We have letters by different people all claiming to be him, but which is the real one? Are any of them really Paul? Christians have faked so many documents it's hard to know anything about the early days of the religion at all. Even the famous Pliny letter now looks like it was forged.
Smoke and mirrors.
@@thotslayer9914 You asked for a link to mainstream academic research. I provided _two_ such links, one of which is a video that doesn't even require actual reading, and _neither_ of which involves _any_ input from Dr. Richard Carrier, whose alleged bias you initially decried. Yet, you are still arguing about researcher bias. Thus, I'm forced to ask. What do _you_ mean when you say, "Mainstream academics,"? Is it really that _all three_ researchers I cited (who know the Bible _and_ history better than you or I ever will) are biased _(and in the same way),_ or is it that _you_ only accept as _mainstream_ that which _you_ believe? How about this? If _you_ share a link to clarify _your_ position, _I'll actually read it._ I dare you to do the same.
Meanwhile, since the comment with the links I initially shared seems to have disappeared from this stream, I'll share these; one that I originally shared, one that's even better than the one it replaces (both in detail and in its qualification as _mainstream),_ one straightforward timeline of New Testament authorship, and one little bonus about Paul's writings.
th-cam.com/video/bnrWljdsEsk/w-d-xo.html
www.worldhistory.org/Paul_the_Apostle/
www.religion-online.org/book-chapter/approximate-chronology-of-the-new-testament-writings/
bustedhalo.com/ministry-resources/if-st-pauls-letters-are-older-than-the-gospels-why-does-he-leave-a-lot-out
The bottom line is this. Regardless of what you think about Dr. Carrier's ideas on Euhemerism, the _one_ reference I made in the conversation merely cited him as the source through which I learned the _absolutely mainstream academic consensus fact_ that Paul was the first person ever to actually write about Jesus.
Socrates is my favorite philosopher no doubt 😉👌💯
What does Socrates mean by(I know that I don't know)...?
So he is jesus then?
Both are philosophers.
can't believe socrates ripped off Operation Ivy
Great video, missed a few points like socrates demon
Egyptians were the teachers of the Greeks.
"Just asking questions! Do your own research....as long as it agrees with my answers!!"
Ancient Greek Philosophy
Um, what?
If there's one major thing that I agree on with both these (& other) philosophers, it's that *Ethics* (including *Philosophy, Logic & Reasoning, Epistomology, Axiology, Politics/Government, Law/Prosocial Behaviors, etc.)* should be a foundational course of study for _EVERYONE._
I'd absolutely want to see *Ethics* being taught alongside other core units like *Science, Mathematics* & *English* (or language & communication in general), from *Primary School* through to *High School (years 1-12),* with more narrowly defined aspects for University students (⊚). Note that there's a great deal of overlap with these (& other) subjects, too:
~ *Logic & Mathematics,*
~ *Natural Philosophy & Science,*
~ *Rhetoric & Language,*
~ *Aesthetics & Art.*
So by educating in one unit we may assist in the integration of knowledge towards mastery of another.
This isn't even particularly revolutionary, with similar *Ethical* teachings commonplace in many other cultures worldwide. (including many of the *European* countries which consistently score in the top ten best public educational systems.)
~ ~ ~
From my perspective, our current society has been far too influenced (even corrupted) by the endlessly malleable pseudo-ethics of religions - especially *Christianity* (with Prosperity Gospel completely inverting the core "Christian" values of Humility, Charity & Altruism!) - leading to profoundly unethical behavior vitually being an essential trait for modern leadership.
Politicians, CEOs, Lobbyists (etc.) are consistantly responsible for deeply repugnant & immoral behaviour - ranging from blatant deceit, to placing "profit" far above human lives - often without social pushback, let alone consequences!
[ nb: There have been psychological evaluations performed on business entities (given all the privileges of legal "personhood" / none of the responsibilities) like corporations - which go to demonstrate how twisted the enterprise has become. "Sociopathic" & "Psychopathic" behaviors are rewarded, while "Empathetic" & "Altruistic" behaviors are openly denigrated - the very opposite of what we should expect in a rational society... ]
⊚ - Which we already do at the University level:
*Scientific Ethics ~ Biologist,*
*Legal Ethics ~ Lawyer,*
*Business Ethics ~ Business person,*
*Medical Ethics ~ Doctor/Nurse/Therapist*
lmao no, because learning ethics won't give someone the ability to make money, so in the eyes of the public, it's useless.
what you are saying could only happen in a less dystopian world than ours.
At least in some California schools, they teach some basic philosophy and ethics in high school English classes as it’s a closely related subject
Pmop na TT ive alveon
th-cam.com/video/vzoDZzxNdwE/w-d-xo.htmlsi=LxrrSUItv-_5KuB-
Crates of Socks
Laundry and Dirts
Hey Dave I have a question that doesn't have to do with the video because the thought has been bothering me: Do lie detectors really work? I've heard people say they don't pick up on emotions but what else in the brain could they be picking up on and how would anyone know the difference between someone who's lying and someone who's stressed out cuz they're accused of something awful?
That's why they're not used in courts, at least not in the West.
The work due to the change in sensory inputs measurement. So they ask questions that they already know the answer to gauge your response, and based on that, they know which answers are dishonest
Man, I am really disappointed. Nothing about Socrates main idea of “Know Thyself.” Nothing about the State” . Clearly you dont know your subject you talking about. Please read the “State” at least, man.
Um, Thales said that, sweetie. As I explained in the tutorial on presocratic philosophers that you didn't watch. Who doesn't know what they're talking about now, kiddo?
That’s crazy
mid-WIFF-er-ree
SOF-ists
Love you dave wish you were my teacher
sockrteez lore
I love philosophy
I love lamp
🤔👉Jesus? 🏃😲
The Immortal Words of Socrates: I drank what? :)
The Also Immortal Words of Socrates: Whatever it is, it tastes pretty good.
Love this series!
This was great 👍
CoCrates
It is amazing
@Professor Dave,, I think there is much less probability ot you reading this,, but a video explaining "why light speed is constant" And "what is actually time" And "what was before big bang" .... These types of explain from you is really wanted by me coz your explanation is the best.... And i am not still able to find satisfactory basic answers to this questions.. Most of the answers given are based on the theory itself.. Like why 1+2=3? Because 3-2=1 which is not a basic answer I guess.... Looking forward
you’re asking questions we don’t have the answer to, we just know that light speed is constant and that there was a big bang. sometimes science can’t tell you, it’s why there’s religion
Check out his classical physics, modern physics, and astrophysics playlists. It gives a basic overview of what we know. If one of your questions isn't answered, it probably means that we don't know or an in-depth discussion of the question requires complex topics that goes beyond the general nature of Dave's videos.
you can derive the fact that light speed is constant if you get a physics degree too😀, you’d probably also figure out what time is in the sense that you mean, before the big bang they can’t tell you, because there might not be anything before the big bang tho
Appreciate your replies and understandings.. Thank you 🤓
amazing ! thanks, love this topic
⚔️
Can You talk over each other in class
Ethics
❤
😃
Nicely done!
For someone who claims to know a lot you seem to be very ignorant when you say BCE and CE. It’s actually BC and AD. Kinda sad you don’t know that
It's BCE and CE, sweetie. Historians don't refer to Christian mythology when talking about history. Try and learn something while you're here.
@@ProfessorDaveExplains I honestly don't care if its AD or CE, if it works it works.
WOW! ...I instantly understood! ..
This is literally a version of The Bible ...SAME CONCEPT &SAME CHARACTERS ...
FASCINATING !!!
Philosophy, it is the only immaterial principle greeks gave to the west. Maybe mathematics, but the Egyptians and Persians had already established the numerical paradigms. Greeks derived most of their ideas from the levant. And then greeks like to shame Italians for copying them, there is nothing to copy from Greece, Italy is its own paragon. Not much can be done with philosophy, unless one prefers to sit in a room of Greeks. Or over-entitled anglo-saxons that were privileged on birth to attend private or grammar school. Romans: Give to Caesar what is owed to Caesar. Rome is the foundation of the West!
4:50 Caption for the School of Athens:
Plato: “Pull my finger”