BUILT UP EDGE

Built up edge
During metal cutting operation, a layer of workpiece material (chip) which adheres to the tool tip is known as a built up edge.
Formation of built up edge.
As the chip passes over the tool face, cutting forces give rise to high temperature, sufficient to form a built up edge and thereby chip particles get friction welded to the tool tip. The layer grows with additional deposition of layers as machining progresses.
The formation of a built up edge, when it becomes larger, loses its stability, breaks up and a part of it is carried away by the tip of the tool and the rest is deposited on the workpiece surface. Thus the formation of built up edge and breaking away are repeated.
Factors which control built up edge.
Increased cutting speed eliminates or reduces built up edge and improves surface finish.
Reduced depth of cut, increased rake angle and smaller radius at the nose of the tool reduce built up edge.
Effective cutting fluid (coolant) also reduces built up edge.

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