I like the use of visualization. Even though the subject as a whole is still pretty obscure and incredibly complex to me, every bit of simplification and visualization helps me comprehend, or at least discover, just a little bit more. Not that I've hopes or desires to ever fully understand the whole universe, but the more little things I know makes me more comfortable in it. Nice videos!
Very eloquent in combining consciousness and its basic instincts in attempting to grasp and adopt realities it can accept to form a picture of universe and reality with abstract data. I just wonder if the search for one unified theory is the goal or the evolved programming of our consciousness that energies further studies and that’s the carrot, the useful part of the carrot on a stick because it only leads to more technology to confirm we’re on the right path. You and I and everyone dedicating time to learning about this, think like your eloquent comment about how your consciousness approaches the subject
Simplifying a little but brain 🧠 (actually propably all cells) make/save informations in form of electric signals that creating shapes in space ==> brain activity. Propably it's "not end of answer" and brain rather have his own (more raw) data structure that make sense from received informations from world/cells around. For example notice that every feeling (rage, love, joy, fear, guilty) actually always feel in body in the same way. Rising from belly and expansing to shoulders, back and rest of body. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
Momentum in photons finally makes sense. I've always had trouble with it. It's always risky to simplify quantum physics, but these videos do them admirably without sacrificing too much accuracy. For anyone who enjoys these types of physics animations, I highly recommend checking out Eugene Khutoriansky. He explains complex topics in a way that even an uneducated dummy like me gets it.
Your videos are magical for me. You always pick a topic that has been explained before by other educational channels and then time and time again surprise me by showing me how much I didn't know or consider. And you explain it incredibly well.
The clearest thing I got from the video was how two seemingly different waves were actually the same but one was simply moving and the other was stationary. I'll take that as an accomplishment.
And simultaneously, because it is now moving it is now a different thing despite sharing every other characteristic. Another reason as to why observing something on the quantum scale ie measuring it by stoping it or getting to its frame of reference will destroy what it fundamentally is, as it is irreversible changing it.
@@themushroominside6540 But isn't the concept of a stationary wave incoherent? How can a wave be stationary in reality? In our minds we can conceive of a wave being stationary, but in external reality? It seems incoherent to me.
Holy shit This was crazy. SO much I just learned. Mass is energy confined in an arbitrary system. Why light has no mass. And more This channel is still underrated after more than a year.
A slight correction to 6:28 Light hitting the bottom of the box is not more energetic because gravity at the bottom of the box is stronger. It's more energetic because we are in an accelerating reference frame, so time at the top of the box appears to be moving slower than at the bottom of the box, and thus the light appears to have a lower frequency, ie less energy. The effect from the gravity differential is orders of magnitude less strong.
@@Nate-bd8fgthe two effects aren't seperate from eachother. Light only reacts to gravity because of time dilation due to an accelerating reference frame. The difference in gravity accounts for a tiny divergence in the extent of time dilation, and really isn't the effect of note in this interaction.
@@punchster289 well yes but gravity is just what we call spacetime dilation. Time dilation is a result of gravity, and gravity is a result of time dilation. So *technically* he was correct, if we're being pedantic.
@@twolegmike no its not being pedantic, its a genuine conceptual distinction. He specifically referenced the effect where "gravity gets stronger the closer you are to an object" and said thats why light becomes more energetic near the bottom of the box. He was more correct in the next sentence referencing the "gravity well", but most people don't have a very precise intuition for what a gravity well is, and would assume the relevant attribute of a gravity well is that gravity is stronger closer to its center. While that is an attribute of gravity wells, it is not one which is important in explaining lights behaviour in this scenario, and the way he used it here would make an uninformed viewer think that its the *only* relevant attribute in explaining light's behaviour.
@@MagralhoPT It is said at 10:10 in the video. Within context, it means that because photons are incapable of interacting with the Higgs field, they are massless, and therefore cursed (by not having a reference to be measured against).
I ABSOLUTELY love your videos. whenever you upload I settle in before watching. The science is accurate making the concepts super clear. If you've ever wondered that whether your videos are doing what they're supposed to.... They totally are. Thank you.
This channel is so underrated yet the best to explain such curious yet hard concepts with such dephful yet understandable and soothing explanations. Hope it gets the recognition it deserves soon.
I love, love, love these videos. I consume all kinds of layperson astrophysics and quantum mechanics material, but your channel and Arvin Ash's are the two that really make things click. Bravo! You answer these confusing questions with clarity and style.
This was a very insightful video. I'm learning more and more about the fundamental physics of the universe with each one. Also, the Higgs field speaking Spanish totally caught me off guard 😂😂
This is the best conceptualisation of these ideas I've ever seen, so good I actually feel like a know less about the subject - like it's shifted me along my Dunning Kruger journey in physics or something - ha. Great aesthetics too my dude, just been watching a few of your videos - and feel blessed to have only just found it so I can binge some well researched psychedelia.
I would love a video on quantum field theory, anti-particles, quarks, leptons and bosons, and ways that they all interact with one another. The visual of the quarks being "held together" by gluons, or rather absence of gluons in between was like a missing puzzle piece of understanding. I would really love to learn more through your videos about this topic.
I LOVE these graphic for the particles! I have struggled to find good visualizations of QM, and this is very close, with your signature easy to understand and great looking animation style! I hope you explain more quantum topics in the future, I'm excited to see them!
Your visual components are so darn well designed that even such conceptual ideas as quark gluon interactions become workable and one can grasp the basic idea behind it Amazing work Keep it up and have a good day
This was an amazingly made video. It helped me build upon previous knowledge that I had about quantum physics, teaching me some new fundamental concepts, like how mass is energy and/or wave function confined to an arbitrary system. I love how this video engaged my mind, and helped me understand everything though the use of visualizations and references. I would like to see another video (if you have not already made one) about the Higgs boson, and Higgs field. I gave this video a like, and you definitely earned a subscriber. Once again, thank you for your amazing work, and keep being curious!
I think there's one aspect here that is helpful as well: remembering that we want to think about *spacetime* and not just *space and time* as separate concepts. A field of energy+mass, IMO, makes a lot more sense when you think of it *over time* -- mass behaves more intuitively like fields of energy when you don't measure instaneously.
@@maeton-gaming imagine thinking your labels are better then other labels rather than recognizing that all models have limitations. If you are convinced you have the "true secret" of reality and everyone else is dumb, all that means is you've stopped asking questions. Which means you have stopped learning. Your call, but the deep truths of the universe aren't to be found telling people you're smarter than them in a comment section.
1:44 the mass is 2 MeV/c^2 - the unit is energy per speed of light squared. what you've described is the mass-energy equivalent. i.e. the amount of energy released if the particle was annihilated. if an up quark and an anti- up quark annihilated each other (at rest) then the energy released would be 4 MeV. this is a common misconception, mass and energy are not literally the same thing, which part of why they have different units, though of course they are very closely related.
Dude. I have been wondering why energy would resist acceleration for so long. It has been my most burning question until now. Thank you so much, I may finally continue the research rabbit hole. You earned a new subscriber. I will watch your career with great interest.
Incredible video. You do an amazing job explaining these concepts. I still struggle with the lack of reference frame for photons, length contraction, etc. Videos like this at least make me feel like I found another small missing piece in my understanding
This is the best exclamation of how mass is energy I have ever seen, and I have watched dozens upon dozens upon dozens of TH-cam videos is covering quantum mechanics and quantum physics. Truly amazing work.
Exceptional video. I truly mean it. I had this realization a few years ago, and it was probably the single most profound moment in my life. The entirety of physics finally clicked (to some cloudy extent)
thank you for making this channel, I always had a hard time as a kid because my visualization of it was just so starkly different from the actual process.
This was really good. Clear explanations and useful analogies. I kinda knew most of this, but still gave better perspective ti my understanding of inertia. Thank you👍
You have a gift of not just imagining incredible analogies to explain abstract conceots but to animate said analogy incredibly well and accurately. Been a follower since the beggining. And I always comment the same: i love you
Best explaination and visualisation.. many great channels always depict in a 2d way whilst you did in a 3d way which helps to understand the wavee functions even better
Well you are asking for far too much, not even the deepest thinkers in this field know "how it actually works", just that it does and it has these characters/characteristics.
I love your style of explaining. Very little abstraction and very little details left out. Most other people simplify too much and you end up with more questions than answers.
The things we see as in 4:40 are examples of what we see in the game of life. These are products of the randomness of the universe, where entropy forces itself to become stable units. These logical units are inherently stable not just because they are attracted to one another, or some result of a force, but because they are a product of trial and error in a random system, similar to evolution. This is a concept of simplicity we often miss when learning the concepts from the ground up. Instead, like with this video, we have to take the steps away, to see the first steps.
These visualizations combined with the explanations have just created one of my favorite videos of all time. You made this all incredibly interesting, engaging, funny, graspable, fun, and incredibly enlightening. The fact that you did that in a video regarding particle physics is mind-blowing. You are easily one of the best creators on TH-cam (at least from my frame of reference!) and I can't wait to see more of your amazing videos.
I’ve encountered these ideas before, and I’m fairly comfortable with the idea of mass being energy, but this video still blew my mind. One analogy I kept coming back to during this video was the idea of trying to move gyroscopes. When they’re not spinning (essentially energyless), they can be moved and spun however you want with ease. However when they’re spinning (and so have energy), they’re very difficult to move in certain directions. I don’t know if it’s physically accurate compare that effect to inertia of protons and so on but that’s what made sense intuitively to me.
Excellent video! If particles are excitations in quantum fields, is charge the excitation in the EMF? What is the excitation in the electron field? 🌊Thanks!
I remember trying to figure out(without actually taking a specialized college class on the subject) what the Higgs field actually *is* back when the Higgs boson was confirmed, and why it would give mass. This is far and away the best explanation I've ever seen for that whole line of questions. Thank you!
I'd just like to point out how insane this is when zooming out to a grander scope. You are a collection of atoms and subatomic particles, in essence, nothing but a series of waves and wave functions confined to an arbitrary system (the human body). You're watching this video, understanding that waves are "discovering" themselves. The emergent property of consciousness is ironically mind-blowing. The universe is magnificent.
lol, not really. Waves are what something does, not what something is ;) So, there is no duality in nature, hence the dis-logic of the false model can be cured by returning to form, to the source. The true secrets of reality were penned and outlined by Tesla, and mysteriously scooped up by the US government after his death - However in my estimation Einsteins Relativity, no matter how plagiarized and how doomed to failure, would allow mankind to stumble half drunk and half sighted in a scientific cul-de-sac while "Other Actors" could investigate the true frontiers of physics with zero restraint, oversight, or competition ;) And you wonder why we started seeing craft defying physics suddenly everywhere. Its just so painfully obvious. Teslas "elastic aether" model is the only correct possible interpretation, and it works as a unified grand theory as well ;) (that's why light is/was so confusing to people for so long, because the fallacy of reifying speed as something moving!! no no, the "speed of light" is a rate of induction in the medium, or rather the fastest rate of disturbance possible within the medium! that's why the mighty sun and the lowly candle can output something at the same velocity -- because its NOT outputting particles, but a transversal wave incorrectly temporally attributed as particles along a temporal axis instead of correctly understand better as a "coaxial" circuit, or transversal waves within the aether (again, the AETHER is being disturbed, nothing IS a wave, EVER.)
"You're watching this video, understanding that waves are "discovering" themselves." Great insight, beautifully expressed. I do not believe in a deity but interestingly this insight is strikingly close to some Hindu ideas about the universe being created as play, as a way of the god being able to experience what material existence is.
I guess thats normal ^^ But if you keep trying to understand it you will eventually realize that there is a small piece of it that finally makes some sense to you. Eventually another such island of understanding will emerge. And at some point you aren't clueless anymore!
Totally Rohit. While it's not true to say that no-one understands QM, our normal notions of mass etc. are just plain misleading at the subatomic scale. So it needs a re-framing to just get that far. And then there is all the quantum weirdness (wave collapse, decoherence, qua, non-locality ,quantum tunnelling etc. ) to contend with. The more I learn the more confused I get to be honest. Often demoralising but sometimes I think it's quite exciting to have ones assumptions about reality fundamentally questioned.
it's not beyond you bro, it's just a whole bunch of linear algebra (perhaps some functional analysis) well at least undergrad QM is. and you can actually learn it! all you need is a good linear algebra book and griffths intro to QM
@@mastershooter64 This is quite true. There is nothing stopping you from learning the math used to describe quantum mechanics. What one struggles with is the intuition one gained through experience of macro world. Subatomic particles just behave differently to a ball in sports and such.
I thought I understood mass/energy equivalency, but I clicked because I know your videos always include stuff I didn't know. This video broke my brain. I know nothing. WP.
Nope. Because the photon isn't "slowed down" to said speed limit due to another effect like mass or inertia. The universe has a certain speed limit for cause and effect. Photons not going faster is simply them obeying the laws of cause and effect.
No, because if photons did have mass, we might have seen photons that travel on speed that is less than speed of light. Special relativity says that everything that has no mass travels at the speed of light relatively to you, no matter how fast you travel, and also that everything that travels at the speed of light have no mass
It is not mass that imposes a speed limit. In the right conditions you can make massless things go slow. With enough energy you can make massive things get arbitrarily close to the speed of light. It is the nature of causality that imposes a speed limit, not mass. Mass is not friction, it is inertia.
You can think about it in this way - imagine a space station, that is very far away from any stars and planets. This station constantly produces a beam of green photons that have identical color. Now we'll launch a ship that would attempt to chase those photons. The ship is able to precisely measure the energy of those photons. After speeding up to a great portion of the speed of light, the ship would notice that photons still move at the speed of light, but now they are more rare and have red color instead of green - by speeding up, we reduced the energy of those photons relatively to us and if we'll slow down, the photons would become green again. A space station sent green photons this whole time, but we saw them as red photons because we had a different speed. What would happen if the ship will hit the speed of light? Well, it's impossible because it would require an infinite amount of fuel, but let's imagine that somehow we managed to do it. If we'll try to measure photons now, we won't be able to do it because the energy of photons got dropped to zero. Photons are energy and if a photon has zero energy, it literally means that this photon does not exist. There are particles that are extremely light, but do have mass and those particles are neutrinos. Most of the neutrinos move at speeds that are close to speed of light, but unlike photons, it's impossible for neutrinos to move precisely at the speed of light, at the same time it's still possible to measure a neutrino that does not move at all.
Also what is this about photons increasing kinetic energy in a gravity well? In the vacuum of space photons are moving at the velocity of causality (c), so if their kinetic energy is increasing in a gravity well, where is that energy being expressed? It can’t be a velocity increase because that would violate the velocity of causality. Is it altering the wave length of the photon? That seems unlikely since shorter wavelengths equate to higher energy photons and how is a gravity well compressing the wavelength rather than elongating it? Is it going into the magnitude of the photon and increasing is brightness?
It must certainly be a change in wave length. Caused by time dilation aka gravity. This is routine in the cosmos via red shift and blue shift. Consider hovering over a black hole or standing on a neutron star, upward light is red shifted and downward light is blue shifted. Difference in wave length is difference in momentum and energy, so the “white box gaining mass from trapped photons” described in the video is a lot more intuitive once you relate it to these things.
@@AndrewBrownK red shifting of the photon makes sense as it enters the gravity well it’s elongated, but wouldn’t that be in contradiction to an increase in kinetic energy? Wouldn’t that represent a loss of kinetic energy? Longer EM wavelengths have less total energy. Still confused on where the increased kinetic energy is expressed. Seems it would have to be expressed as an increase to the amplitude?
@@brianbeswick Its the other way around. The red shift comes from leaving the gravity well. Entering the gravity well results in a blue shift. So the photons lose energy from leaving the gravity well and gain energy by entering it. So it was absolutely correct that it would be expressed by a change of wavelength and frequency.
@@brianbeswick it seems my word choice was ambiguous. I should have said "upward traveling" and "downward traveling" to not mix up with "upward from the observer, traveling down" and "downward from the observer, traveling up"
@@AliothAncalagon how does entering a gravity well cause a compression of the wavelength? The head of the wavelength would feel the gravity more intensely than the tail and elongate it. How would a gravity well compress the wavelength and blue shift it upon entering? Especially if we start thinking about non visible EM like long radio waves that have wavelengths in the kilometers. Regular cosmological blue shift happens when the light source is moving towards the observer which causes a compression of the wavelength. Light entering a gravity well though wouldn’t be compressed.
I think that the mass of a black body would increase, not because of the mass of the photon, but because of its energy. By absorbing the energy of this photon, we made a thermal energy from it, so now we have more energy that is trapped in this body and don't move, therefore this body now has slightly increased mass
@@akeem2983 Exactly. It should be obvious that the energy of the photon is not simply going to disappear. If something absorbs the energy of a photon it will then have the energy of said photon.
@@cweeperz7760 so it would radiate more than the other black body. If you measure the difference in radiation you'd be able to measure the mass? Or if they both radiate at the same speed it wouldn't matter and you'll still be able to measure the difference in the black bodies?
I really like the description and visualisation of inertia - ive always wondered what type of "hooks" matter has into the space in which it sits - why does it resist change - ive even read books on the higgs field but this one description helped me deepen my understanding more - well done - keep it up!
Anybody who does not understand what was said in this video needs to go back a few levels and then revisit this video until you understand. This video opened My eyes
i believe i heard a yawn at 5:07 and a kermit the frog at 11:17 the physics stuff was great too! thank you for your content. like others have pointed out already, your style of visualisation "feels" extremely helpful.
Woah this is the first time I find a scientific video explain something better than Veritasium. I still don’t understand most of the sub particles but this is really cool. Thanks a bunch!
My goodness, this is the first time so many of these seemingly abstract concepts have begun to have (or feel) more intuitive and approachable. I'm now visualizing in my head that pushing on something now needs to add energy to ALL the waves, which now in relation to waves around it seem faster. I'm probably still simplifying to the point of misunderstanding but it's at least something more to grab onto than just text on print.
Photons must go through life without a frame of reference. One of the fundamental postulates of relativity. I have never heard it said exactly that way but translating it to theorist speech, photons don't observe time or anything at all really. Bonkers but all measurements we have devised suggest that's true. I really like the guy with the scale chasing the photon like "Hey wait!" while the photon is unable to say "I am everywhere at all times!" in some kind of anthropomorphized omniscient voice.
I usually describe mass as concentrated energy. It's not really correct, but it's good enough to give a slight bit of understanding to laypeople with just a passing interest in the subject.
So, it sounds like the gluon field does not "pull" quarks together per se, but rather, the vacuum flux tube between the quarks is a region where the gluon field is not exerting pressure on the quarks, so they are effectively "pushed" together.
I like saying that a photon is not _a thing which can move_ but it actually _is its own motion_ since it entirely consists of its own kinetic energy. If you try to keep up with a steady photon stream, it will not become _ever slower_ with respect to you but rather it will become _ever less_ in frequency and power, tending to asymptotically vanish.
This is how I present the difference between electrons and photons, photons have only kinetic motion or as you put it, they are their own motion, electrons are things with an internal state and have the ability to move. The internal state of the electron can be excited, a photon has no such internal state and cannot be excited as such.
Great illustration of how masses as relativistic velocities get “heavier.” Their internal oscillations are taking place at a higher frequency than an outside frame of reference. Even the astronauts walking down the hallway of the relativistic spacecraft are “internal oscillations.” And I guess that’s also the nature of time dilation-that everything you’re doing on a fast ship happens at higher frequencies…
Perhaps the real connection between mass and energy is the point of reference we made along the way
The real connection is us.
Underrated
Or friends that we made along the way.
the real connection is that energy is just a measure of matter moving. it is a concept not an object.
No, the connection is direct. Mass IS energy.
I like the use of visualization. Even though the subject as a whole is still pretty obscure and incredibly complex to me, every bit of simplification and visualization helps me comprehend, or at least discover, just a little bit more. Not that I've hopes or desires to ever fully understand the whole universe, but the more little things I know makes me more comfortable in it. Nice videos!
Very eloquent in combining consciousness and its basic instincts in attempting to grasp and adopt realities it can accept to form a picture of universe and reality with abstract data. I just wonder if the search for one unified theory is the goal or the evolved programming of our consciousness that energies further studies and that’s the carrot, the useful part of the carrot on a stick because it only leads to more technology to confirm we’re on the right path. You and I and everyone dedicating time to learning about this, think like your eloquent comment about how your consciousness approaches the subject
Simplifying a little but brain 🧠 (actually propably all cells) make/save informations in form of electric signals that creating shapes in space ==> brain activity. Propably it's "not end of answer" and brain rather have his own (more raw) data structure that make sense from received informations from world/cells around. For example notice that every feeling (rage, love, joy, fear, guilty) actually always feel in body in the same way. Rising from belly and expansing to shoulders, back and rest of body.
¯\_(ツ)_/¯
Momentum in photons finally makes sense. I've always had trouble with it.
It's always risky to simplify quantum physics, but these videos do them admirably without sacrificing too much accuracy. For anyone who enjoys these types of physics animations, I highly recommend checking out Eugene Khutoriansky. He explains complex topics in a way that even an uneducated dummy like me gets it.
The subject isn't obscure, it's well known. The fundamental ideas are not complex in any way.
@@bigguy7353 We're all very impressed down here 👏
Your videos are magical for me. You always pick a topic that has been explained before by other educational channels and then time and time again surprise me by showing me how much I didn't know or consider. And you explain it incredibly well.
perfect description of why i love this channel
That was disturbingly deep and simple at the same time. Great work!
The clearest thing I got from the video was how two seemingly different waves were actually the same but one was simply moving and the other was stationary. I'll take that as an accomplishment.
And simultaneously, because it is now moving it is now a different thing despite sharing every other characteristic. Another reason as to why observing something on the quantum scale ie measuring it by stoping it or getting to its frame of reference will destroy what it fundamentally is, as it is irreversible changing it.
There was only one wave. Particles and waves are two different things.
@@themushroominside6540 Very simply put into words. I am going to screenshot.
@@themushroominside6540 But isn't the concept of a stationary wave incoherent? How can a wave be stationary in reality? In our minds we can conceive of a wave being stationary, but in external reality? It seems incoherent to me.
Holy shit
This was crazy. SO much I just learned. Mass is energy confined in an arbitrary system. Why light has no mass. And more
This channel is still underrated after more than a year.
A slight correction to 6:28
Light hitting the bottom of the box is not more energetic because gravity at the bottom of the box is stronger. It's more energetic because we are in an accelerating reference frame, so time at the top of the box appears to be moving slower than at the bottom of the box, and thus the light appears to have a lower frequency, ie less energy. The effect from the gravity differential is orders of magnitude less strong.
So he WAS correct in his statement, but there was a larger force that would've made a more noticeable difference
@@Nate-bd8fgthe two effects aren't seperate from eachother. Light only reacts to gravity because of time dilation due to an accelerating reference frame. The difference in gravity accounts for a tiny divergence in the extent of time dilation, and really isn't the effect of note in this interaction.
@@punchster289 well yes but gravity is just what we call spacetime dilation. Time dilation is a result of gravity, and gravity is a result of time dilation. So *technically* he was correct, if we're being pedantic.
@@twolegmike no its not being pedantic, its a genuine conceptual distinction. He specifically referenced the effect where "gravity gets stronger the closer you are to an object" and said thats why light becomes more energetic near the bottom of the box. He was more correct in the next sentence referencing the "gravity well", but most people don't have a very precise intuition for what a gravity well is, and would assume the relevant attribute of a gravity well is that gravity is stronger closer to its center. While that is an attribute of gravity wells, it is not one which is important in explaining lights behaviour in this scenario, and the way he used it here would make an uninformed viewer think that its the *only* relevant attribute in explaining light's behaviour.
Shut up and watch the video. Who cares.
"Photons have been cursed by a deeper evil"
God love that quote so much
Is it an original one? I like it even if I dont know what it means, and google search returns nothing. Care to help out a fellow man?
@@MagralhoPT It is said at 10:10 in the video. Within context, it means that because photons are incapable of interacting with the Higgs field, they are massless, and therefore cursed (by not having a reference to be measured against).
All of particle physics is cursed
I ABSOLUTELY love your videos. whenever you upload I settle in before watching. The science is accurate making the concepts super clear. If you've ever wondered that whether your videos are doing what they're supposed to.... They totally are. Thank you.
This channel is so underrated yet the best to explain such curious yet hard concepts with such dephful yet understandable and soothing explanations. Hope it gets the recognition it deserves soon.
"Depthful" isn't a word, if that's what you were trying to spell.
I love, love, love these videos. I consume all kinds of layperson astrophysics and quantum mechanics material, but your channel and Arvin Ash's are the two that really make things click. Bravo! You answer these confusing questions with clarity and style.
This was a very insightful video. I'm learning more and more about the fundamental physics of the universe with each one. Also, the Higgs field speaking Spanish totally caught me off guard 😂😂
IM *PRETTY* SURE sleepy Mexican jokes are racist??????? Either way hilarious, he's probably Mexican idk
@@Nate-bd8fg I dont think there is requirement to be mexican to make jokes about them, or anybody else tbh.
The fact I was able to understand it after it’s been years since I practiced Spanish, I felt good about that lol
@@Nate-bd8fgget some help
@@Nate-bd8fgPretty dumb of you to assume it was a mexican joke just by him speaking spanish
This is the best conceptualisation of these ideas I've ever seen, so good I actually feel like a know less about the subject - like it's shifted me along my Dunning Kruger journey in physics or something - ha. Great aesthetics too my dude, just been watching a few of your videos - and feel blessed to have only just found it so I can binge some well researched psychedelia.
I would love a video on quantum field theory, anti-particles, quarks, leptons and bosons, and ways that they all interact with one another. The visual of the quarks being "held together" by gluons, or rather absence of gluons in between was like a missing puzzle piece of understanding.
I would really love to learn more through your videos about this topic.
I've never clicked on a notification so fast.
ME TOO.
I was waiting for his videos for a long time. So happy to see it !!
so inertia seems to be of no concern for you ;) but i get it, wonderful explanatory channel!
It took me 3 days to get this notification. I'm wondering why TH-cam is so slow when all I watch are videos like this.
I LOVE these graphic for the particles! I have struggled to find good visualizations of QM, and this is very close, with your signature easy to understand and great looking animation style! I hope you explain more quantum topics in the future, I'm excited to see them!
He didn't make them up, just copied them. That visualization has been around since the first quantum experiments decades ago.
@Big Guy please chill out you’re replying to every comment
I usually gotta watch your videos a couple of times, but wow. There is nobody else who can explain these things as well as you do!
Thank you for the hard work you put in, taking the time away from your studies to bring us high quality content.
Your videos are amzing! They respect the unintuitive nature of these advanced topics and still manage to make them palpable.
Your visual components are so darn well designed that even such conceptual ideas as quark gluon interactions become workable and one can grasp the basic idea behind it
Amazing work
Keep it up and have a good day
This was an amazingly made video. It helped me build upon previous knowledge that I had about quantum physics, teaching me some new fundamental concepts, like how mass is energy and/or wave function confined to an arbitrary system. I love how this video engaged my mind, and helped me understand everything though the use of visualizations and references. I would like to see another video (if you have not already made one) about the Higgs boson, and Higgs field. I gave this video a like, and you definitely earned a subscriber. Once again, thank you for your amazing work, and keep being curious!
I have been waiting for this type of clarification video. Bravo.
I think there's one aspect here that is helpful as well: remembering that we want to think about *spacetime* and not just *space and time* as separate concepts.
A field of energy+mass, IMO, makes a lot more sense when you think of it *over time* -- mass behaves more intuitively like fields of energy when you don't measure instaneously.
For instance, imagine a tree over 50 years as a mass-energy field and this problem gets a bit more intuitive
A very good analogy.
lmao its just the aether. Atomists are so funny having to reinvent the aether ad nauseum because they think they got rid of it, lmfao. yikes
@@maeton-gaming imagine thinking your labels are better then other labels rather than recognizing that all models have limitations.
If you are convinced you have the "true secret" of reality and everyone else is dumb, all that means is you've stopped asking questions. Which means you have stopped learning.
Your call, but the deep truths of the universe aren't to be found telling people you're smarter than them in a comment section.
@@maeton-gaming aether? Oh god, don't tell me you're not religious
I agree. I've never been so quick to open a notification! Your videos are amazing
"No haga eso, chico. Tranquilo, dale, a dormir" killed me, lol
the higgs field is a spanish speaker 💀
a mimir
My goodness... I am going to be pondering the way you presented this information for weeks. Amazing work. You have another sub here.
1:44 the mass is 2 MeV/c^2 - the unit is energy per speed of light squared. what you've described is the mass-energy equivalent. i.e. the amount of energy released if the particle was annihilated. if an up quark and an anti- up quark annihilated each other (at rest) then the energy released would be 4 MeV.
this is a common misconception, mass and energy are not literally the same thing, which part of why they have different units, though of course they are very closely related.
I appreciate the correction
Dude. I have been wondering why energy would resist acceleration for so long. It has been my most burning question until now. Thank you so much, I may finally continue the research rabbit hole.
You earned a new subscriber. I will watch your career with great interest.
Incredible video. You do an amazing job explaining these concepts. I still struggle with the lack of reference frame for photons, length contraction, etc. Videos like this at least make me feel like I found another small missing piece in my understanding
Yeah, why photons don't have frame of reference though?
@@WindingShadows thank you very much!
This is the best exclamation of how mass is energy I have ever seen, and I have watched dozens upon dozens upon dozens of TH-cam videos is covering quantum mechanics and quantum physics. Truly amazing work.
Exceptional video. I truly mean it. I had this realization a few years ago, and it was probably the single most profound moment in my life. The entirety of physics finally clicked (to some cloudy extent)
You've become the most in depth and well illustrated science channel on YT I have discovered. Thanks so much!
thank you for making this channel, I always had a hard time as a kid because my visualization of it was just so starkly different from the actual process.
This was really good. Clear explanations and useful analogies. I kinda knew most of this, but still gave better perspective ti my understanding of inertia. Thank you👍
You have a gift of not just imagining incredible analogies to explain abstract conceots but to animate said analogy incredibly well and accurately. Been a follower since the beggining. And I always comment the same: i love you
Best explaination and visualisation.. many great channels always depict in a 2d way whilst you did in a 3d way which helps to understand the wavee functions even better
Why this video released during my school trip to the CERN?!😂
Perfection
One of the best explanations of mass I have seen. This is up there with PBS Spacetime and The Science Asylum.
Even this amazing video that's summarizing a whole field of physics in layman's terms can't give me an idea about how it actually works 😅
Well you are asking for far too much, not even the deepest thinkers in this field know "how it actually works", just that it does and it has these characters/characteristics.
I love your channel man
What a beautiful presentation, thank you for that.
The most ubiquitous equation met the most satisfying explanation - Albert is so freaking proud of you man!
I love your style of explaining. Very little abstraction and very little details left out. Most other people simplify too much and you end up with more questions than answers.
The way you visualize concepts for us is amazing, and I can’t thank you enough for the information you are able to provide in a concise manner.
Best channel on TH-cam
Mmm crunchwrap
Fr
Genius
The things we see as in 4:40 are examples of what we see in the game of life. These are products of the randomness of the universe, where entropy forces itself to become stable units.
These logical units are inherently stable not just because they are attracted to one another, or some result of a force, but because they are a product of trial and error in a random system, similar to evolution. This is a concept of simplicity we often miss when learning the concepts from the ground up. Instead, like with this video, we have to take the steps away, to see the first steps.
are you now casually explaining inertia to me in a way even I can understand? Applause.
These visualizations combined with the explanations have just created one of my favorite videos of all time. You made this all incredibly interesting, engaging, funny, graspable, fun, and incredibly enlightening. The fact that you did that in a video regarding particle physics is mind-blowing. You are easily one of the best creators on TH-cam (at least from my frame of reference!) and I can't wait to see more of your amazing videos.
Finally, someone who could explain this well. Please continue your particle physics series.
I’ve encountered these ideas before, and I’m fairly comfortable with the idea of mass being energy, but this video still blew my mind.
One analogy I kept coming back to during this video was the idea of trying to move gyroscopes. When they’re not spinning (essentially energyless), they can be moved and spun however you want with ease. However when they’re spinning (and so have energy), they’re very difficult to move in certain directions. I don’t know if it’s physically accurate compare that effect to inertia of protons and so on but that’s what made sense intuitively to me.
that is a great analogy.
This was really a good presentation and explanation of the subject matter, or subject energy, yeah...
Nope, I have to admit that I don’t understand this.
Incredible, I’m mindblown, infinitely thank you for making this.
Excellent video! If particles are excitations in quantum fields, is charge the excitation in the EMF? What is the excitation in the electron field? 🌊Thanks!
I remember trying to figure out(without actually taking a specialized college class on the subject) what the Higgs field actually *is* back when the Higgs boson was confirmed, and why it would give mass. This is far and away the best explanation I've ever seen for that whole line of questions. Thank you!
I'd just like to point out how insane this is when zooming out to a grander scope. You are a collection of atoms and subatomic particles, in essence, nothing but a series of waves and wave functions confined to an arbitrary system (the human body). You're watching this video, understanding that waves are "discovering" themselves. The emergent property of consciousness is ironically mind-blowing. The universe is magnificent.
lol, not really. Waves are what something does, not what something is ;) So, there is no duality in nature, hence the dis-logic of the false model can be cured by returning to form, to the source. The true secrets of reality were penned and outlined by Tesla, and mysteriously scooped up by the US government after his death - However in my estimation Einsteins Relativity, no matter how plagiarized and how doomed to failure, would allow mankind to stumble half drunk and half sighted in a scientific cul-de-sac while "Other Actors" could investigate the true frontiers of physics with zero restraint, oversight, or competition ;)
And you wonder why we started seeing craft defying physics suddenly everywhere. Its just so painfully obvious. Teslas "elastic aether" model is the only correct possible interpretation, and it works as a unified grand theory as well ;)
(that's why light is/was so confusing to people for so long, because the fallacy of reifying speed as something moving!! no no, the "speed of light" is a rate of induction in the medium, or rather the fastest rate of disturbance possible within the medium! that's why the mighty sun and the lowly candle can output something at the same velocity -- because its NOT outputting particles, but a transversal wave incorrectly temporally attributed as particles along a temporal axis instead of correctly understand better as a "coaxial" circuit, or transversal waves within the aether (again, the AETHER is being disturbed, nothing IS a wave, EVER.)
@adenosine2electricboogaloo647 you'll live
@adenosine 2 electric boogaloo ???
"You're watching this video, understanding that waves are "discovering" themselves." Great insight, beautifully expressed.
I do not believe in a deity but interestingly this insight is strikingly close to some Hindu ideas about the universe being created as play, as a way of the god being able to experience what material existence is.
"We are a way for the cosmos to know itself." - Carl Sagan
9:46 this is the first time i have somebody seen use the wave modifier in Blender with honest intentions
Never been this much confused in my life
Quantum Physics is just beyond me.
I guess thats normal ^^
But if you keep trying to understand it you will eventually realize that there is a small piece of it that finally makes some sense to you.
Eventually another such island of understanding will emerge. And at some point you aren't clueless anymore!
"If you think you understand quantum mechanics, you don't understand quantum mechanics." ~Richard Feynman
Totally Rohit. While it's not true to say that no-one understands QM, our normal notions of mass etc. are just plain misleading at the subatomic scale. So it needs a re-framing to just get that far. And then there is all the quantum weirdness (wave collapse, decoherence, qua, non-locality ,quantum tunnelling etc. ) to contend with. The more I learn the more confused I get to be honest. Often demoralising but sometimes I think it's quite exciting to have ones assumptions about reality fundamentally questioned.
it's not beyond you bro, it's just a whole bunch of linear algebra (perhaps some functional analysis) well at least undergrad QM is. and you can actually learn it! all you need is a good linear algebra book and griffths intro to QM
@@mastershooter64 This is quite true. There is nothing stopping you from learning the math used to describe quantum mechanics. What one struggles with is the intuition one gained through experience of macro world. Subatomic particles just behave differently to a ball in sports and such.
I thought I understood mass/energy equivalency, but I clicked because I know your videos always include stuff I didn't know.
This video broke my brain. I know nothing. WP.
@5:09 even the narrator yawned.
This has helped me understand particle physics more than anything else I’ve ever watched. Thank you!
Could it be that photons mass is immeasurably so small and that’s why it still has a speed limit?
Nope.
Because the photon isn't "slowed down" to said speed limit due to another effect like mass or inertia.
The universe has a certain speed limit for cause and effect.
Photons not going faster is simply them obeying the laws of cause and effect.
good question.
No, because if photons did have mass, we might have seen photons that travel on speed that is less than speed of light. Special relativity says that everything that has no mass travels at the speed of light relatively to you, no matter how fast you travel, and also that everything that travels at the speed of light have no mass
It is not mass that imposes a speed limit. In the right conditions you can make massless things go slow. With enough energy you can make massive things get arbitrarily close to the speed of light. It is the nature of causality that imposes a speed limit, not mass. Mass is not friction, it is inertia.
You can think about it in this way - imagine a space station, that is very far away from any stars and planets. This station constantly produces a beam of green photons that have identical color. Now we'll launch a ship that would attempt to chase those photons. The ship is able to precisely measure the energy of those photons. After speeding up to a great portion of the speed of light, the ship would notice that photons still move at the speed of light, but now they are more rare and have red color instead of green - by speeding up, we reduced the energy of those photons relatively to us and if we'll slow down, the photons would become green again. A space station sent green photons this whole time, but we saw them as red photons because we had a different speed.
What would happen if the ship will hit the speed of light? Well, it's impossible because it would require an infinite amount of fuel, but let's imagine that somehow we managed to do it. If we'll try to measure photons now, we won't be able to do it because the energy of photons got dropped to zero. Photons are energy and if a photon has zero energy, it literally means that this photon does not exist.
There are particles that are extremely light, but do have mass and those particles are neutrinos. Most of the neutrinos move at speeds that are close to speed of light, but unlike photons, it's impossible for neutrinos to move precisely at the speed of light, at the same time it's still possible to measure a neutrino that does not move at all.
You are a genius of physics, digital visualization and pedagogy. This videos deserves an award!
Also what is this about photons increasing kinetic energy in a gravity well? In the vacuum of space photons are moving at the velocity of causality (c), so if their kinetic energy is increasing in a gravity well, where is that energy being expressed? It can’t be a velocity increase because that would violate the velocity of causality. Is it altering the wave length of the photon? That seems unlikely since shorter wavelengths equate to higher energy photons and how is a gravity well compressing the wavelength rather than elongating it? Is it going into the magnitude of the photon and increasing is brightness?
It must certainly be a change in wave length. Caused by time dilation aka gravity. This is routine in the cosmos via red shift and blue shift. Consider hovering over a black hole or standing on a neutron star, upward light is red shifted and downward light is blue shifted. Difference in wave length is difference in momentum and energy, so the “white box gaining mass from trapped photons” described in the video is a lot more intuitive once you relate it to these things.
@@AndrewBrownK red shifting of the photon makes sense as it enters the gravity well it’s elongated, but wouldn’t that be in contradiction to an increase in kinetic energy? Wouldn’t that represent a loss of kinetic energy? Longer EM wavelengths have less total energy. Still confused on where the increased kinetic energy is expressed. Seems it would have to be expressed as an increase to the amplitude?
@@brianbeswick Its the other way around.
The red shift comes from leaving the gravity well. Entering the gravity well results in a blue shift.
So the photons lose energy from leaving the gravity well and gain energy by entering it.
So it was absolutely correct that it would be expressed by a change of wavelength and frequency.
@@brianbeswick it seems my word choice was ambiguous. I should have said "upward traveling" and "downward traveling" to not mix up with "upward from the observer, traveling down" and "downward from the observer, traveling up"
@@AliothAncalagon how does entering a gravity well cause a compression of the wavelength? The head of the wavelength would feel the gravity more intensely than the tail and elongate it. How would a gravity well compress the wavelength and blue shift it upon entering? Especially if we start thinking about non visible EM like long radio waves that have wavelengths in the kilometers.
Regular cosmological blue shift happens when the light source is moving towards the observer which causes a compression of the wavelength. Light entering a gravity well though wouldn’t be compressed.
This video is gold! The proof that complex ideas can be broken down into simple terms.
Me at the end of the video.
“What?”
I mean I kinda get it now. I’m a visual learner
that was the best explanation i've seen to this topic, it really changed how i visualize the topic, very nice
What if you had 2 perfect black objects that have the same mass and then let one absorb a photon? Wouldn't that measure the mass of a photon?
No cuz black bodies radiate radiation quickly as well, so it'll spit another photon out real quick
I think that the mass of a black body would increase, not because of the mass of the photon, but because of its energy. By absorbing the energy of this photon, we made a thermal energy from it, so now we have more energy that is trapped in this body and don't move, therefore this body now has slightly increased mass
@@akeem2983 Exactly.
It should be obvious that the energy of the photon is not simply going to disappear.
If something absorbs the energy of a photon it will then have the energy of said photon.
@@cweeperz7760 so it would radiate more than the other black body. If you measure the difference in radiation you'd be able to measure the mass? Or if they both radiate at the same speed it wouldn't matter and you'll still be able to measure the difference in the black bodies?
@@akeem2983 the video is about why energy is the same as mass...
I really like the description and visualisation of inertia - ive always wondered what type of "hooks" matter has into the space in which it sits - why does it resist change - ive even read books on the higgs field but this one description helped me deepen my understanding more - well done - keep it up!
I love this age, i dont have a PhD in physics/biology/medicus etc, but still so educated by all these wonderfull science channels on yt 🤓🤓📖📚
Amazing video. I've never been interested in particle physics, but this makes me want to dig into some books now.
Cheers!
Your content is genuinely incredible. I'm so happy I found you 😁
This channel has the best explanations on the internet hands down
Best video of the month
great video and very clear explanation dude
This is my favourite channel on TH-cam. Seriously.
Videos like these make me more and more interested and proud of the field I've decided to study in for my whole life...
I loved it when cousin Higgs spoke Spanish hahaha. Thanks for the great instructional video!!!
Anybody who does not understand what was said in this video needs to go back a few levels and then revisit this video until you understand. This video opened My eyes
i believe i heard a yawn at 5:07 and a kermit the frog at 11:17
the physics stuff was great too! thank you for your content. like others have pointed out already, your style of visualisation "feels" extremely helpful.
Woah this is the first time I find a scientific video explain something better than Veritasium. I still don’t understand most of the sub particles but this is really cool. Thanks a bunch!
Very clean explaining of the E=MC2. Thx
My goodness, this is the first time so many of these seemingly abstract concepts have begun to have (or feel) more intuitive and approachable. I'm now visualizing in my head that pushing on something now needs to add energy to ALL the waves, which now in relation to waves around it seem faster. I'm probably still simplifying to the point of misunderstanding but it's at least something more to grab onto than just text on print.
Thank you for explaining and most important visualisation and comparison, absolutely epic
Lmao at “no haga eso, chico.” The Higgs does NOT appreciate being jostled awake lol
best comprehensive video on the topic ever.
Photons must go through life without a frame of reference. One of the fundamental postulates of relativity. I have never heard it said exactly that way but translating it to theorist speech, photons don't observe time or anything at all really. Bonkers but all measurements we have devised suggest that's true.
I really like the guy with the scale chasing the photon like "Hey wait!" while the photon is unable to say "I am everywhere at all times!" in some kind of anthropomorphized omniscient voice.
I usually describe mass as concentrated energy. It's not really correct, but it's good enough to give a slight bit of understanding to laypeople with just a passing interest in the subject.
i think its more accurate to say the mass we know is concentrated energy like kg and grams but at quantum scales not so much
I like the term someone once used calling mass "condensed" energy.
Or stable energy.
My god what an amazing video. You go so much deeper then other people and yet it’s still so easy to understand. You are an incredible explainer 🙏
I think you’re my favorite TH-camr. You are amazing dude thank you so much for everything you do
Well explained, great use of visuals. Keep em coming!
So, it sounds like the gluon field does not "pull" quarks together per se, but rather, the vacuum flux tube between the quarks is a region where the gluon field is not exerting pressure on the quarks, so they are effectively "pushed" together.
I like saying that a photon is not _a thing which can move_ but it actually _is its own motion_ since it entirely consists of its own kinetic energy.
If you try to keep up with a steady photon stream, it will not become _ever slower_ with respect to you but rather it will become _ever less_ in frequency and power, tending to asymptotically vanish.
This is how I present the difference between electrons and photons, photons have only kinetic motion or as you put it, they are their own motion, electrons are things with an internal state and have the ability to move. The internal state of the electron can be excited, a photon has no such internal state and cannot be excited as such.
Excellent presentation.
The more physics videos I watch the more convinced I am that existence is just a joke where the punchline is me not getting it.
Great illustration of how masses as relativistic velocities get “heavier.” Their internal oscillations are taking place at a higher frequency than an outside frame of reference. Even the astronauts walking down the hallway of the relativistic spacecraft are “internal oscillations.” And I guess that’s also the nature of time dilation-that everything you’re doing on a fast ship happens at higher frequencies…
This channel sparks many great insights 🤔, and I love it❣
You got my subscription. Good video. 🤯 It doesn’t hurt as much the second time through.