ITALY: Was Sicily once half-Muslim?
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 28 พ.ย. 2019
- The "Saracens" were once the scourge of Southern Europe, controlling most of Spain, strips of coastal territory elsewhere, plus a handful of strategic island bases. For centuries, they fought over control of Sicily--and at one point, half the island was Muslim.
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Under Muslim rule, the island became increasingly prosperous and cosmopolitan. Trade and agriculture flourished, and Palermo became one of the largest and wealthiest cities in Europe.
True that
Not just Islamic rule , but Moorish rule who were Moslems .
It was the Moors that enlighten Europe .
The Asiatic Moors and Asiatic Arabs were looked upon as one people .
Moors and Arabs were used in changeablely , the Original Arabs were a dark Olive complexed people . not Eurasians { Mixed } Arabs and European or Cauc/asians 🤔
The Moorish { Moors } are Amazigh { Imazighens }
They ruled and govern themselves !
Amazigh means [ People who are born of Noble birth ] The Moors had their own Islamic Caliphate
[ Imazighen ] govern themselves 👍 and this is what the Arabs didn't like , So the Arabs worked against the Imazighen Moors .
Later on the Arabs were able to gain influence in Northern Africa , The Arabs were successful in Arabized the Moors .Indeed the Moors and the Arabs were constantly having conflict with each other .
Plus the Arabs didn't like the fact that the Moorish Moslems practice a higher form of Islam called Sufism !
The Arabs were always jealous or envious of the Amazigh { Moorish Moslems }
The Arabs was able to Arabized Moors against their own Moorish Nationals .👍👍👍
@@jeffbillings-el6110الحمد لله الذي هدانا للاسلام دينا....و رزقنا لسانا عربيا.....all the rest IS sophistic chauvinism.
Azul fellaw'n
I appreciate your effort to explain this, but I have to say the idea that the dhimmis ( particularly Christians ) were not allowed to build churches is utterly not true. Christians under the rule of Muslims were allowed to build churches, freely practice their books, an example of that is we have churches in Egypt that historically date back to 500 years ago, and that was under the rule of Muslims. That's said if you're talking generally about Muslims ruling dhimmis.
Depends on the rulers and the era, the more nearer to the times of the Turks, many Muslims rulers start to become more oppressive and did not follow the covenants of the prophets that gave a decree to protect and fund the Christians and Jewish place of worship. Mostly because of greed and power, not because of Islam. The more advance and rich the Muslim nation became the more the rulers and elites distance themselves from the teaching of the religion and start oppressing their subject Muslims, and Dhimmi alike. The prophets clearly said you can only tax 12 dinar per dhimmi a year not more than that. And if the Christians and jews need more churches and temple they Muslims government need to fund it. But not Many Muslims ruler follow the teaching of the prophets sadly.
@@wewenang5167 You mean 12 Dirham.
LOLOLOLOLOL....................................... Ya, no.
Obviously his statement is in context to this period in Sicily. He never implied at any point that anything in this video was in relation to anywhere but Sicily.
@@wewenang5167 well that was with Turkish influence not Arab
As North Africans we still have that kind of fascinating connection with Southern European countries precisely Italy and Spain
True! (I'm a Sicilian)
Mostly with southern Italians, especially Sicilians, and parts of Spain and Portugal. Not with northern Italians, they have a completely different culture and genetic origins.
Assabbinirìca: Sicilian greeting of Arabic origin and deriving from "as-salamu alaykum"🖒
The Arabs also introduced sugarcane, rice, cotton, oranges and lemons to Sicily (and Spain) during the Arab Agricultural Revolution. Plus Muhammad Al Idrisi was commissioned to create the Tabula Rogeriana for the Norman king Roger
hehehehe
The Arabs never introduced anything other then Islam, the religion they forced on the people's they conquered and the cultures they destroyed.
@@ItalianIrishguy History isn't that simple as Christianity vs Islam.
Anyways, Did you even watch the video?
@@takshashila2995 I never claimed it was that "simple" and yes I certainly did watch it.
@@ItalianIrishguy yeah they never introduced the decimal system, soap, Greek and Indian maths, algebra, Euclid's geometry, ocean going ship building, countryside irrigation, chess, Aristotle's philosophy, cartography, star based navigation, mining ventilation, Persian astronomy, the structure of the European University system and let's not forget double entry book keeping! You are so right they introduced anything! 😅 😅 🤣🤪😅
Muslim may lost Sicily, Spain and Portugal. But God gave Indonesia, Malaysia, Southern Philippines, Southern Thailand and Brunei to Muslim at the same time. When many "Saracen" was massacred in Spain and Sicily in 15th century, Indonesian started to convert to Islam from Buddhism and Hinduism. Islamization of Indonesia and Malaysia was completed in 17th century AD. Nowadays there are approximately 210 million Muslims in Indonesia and 32 million in Malaysia, twice the population of Sicily (5 mio), Portugal (10.28 mio) and Spain (47 mio) combined.
Please notes that we Indonesian are not Middle Easterm, Arabs, Turkish, Iranian or even South Asian. We are Austronesian same as Filipino whose original homeland was in Taiwan and Zhejiang province of China, although we are genetically closer to Thai, Khmer and Vietnamese. We are Mongoloid by Blood with Paternal Haplogroup O-M175
Thanks for the info bro!
You aren't Middle Eastern... but you're our brothers, and we will die for you ...
❤ from lebanon 🇱🇧
Man keep plugging dude. I wish you had more subs. This is gold.you’re such a good presenter.
Palmero was one of the largest cities at that point
2nd largest after cordoba to be exact
Palermo?
Very informative, thanks! You got me interested looking into this period!
Your channel is incredible! Please keep doing your good work. People will catch on
From the beginning Roger - the youngest brother of Guiscard - imposed a policy of tolerance unique in 11th-century Europe. Charters guaranteed that "Latin, Greeks, Jews and Saracens shall be judged each according to their own law."
Super well explained, great balance between "hardcore history" (dates, eek!) and story! Thanks!
You finally fixed the volume situation of the intro/ending!
Awesome! Thanks for this beautiful informative video 🌷
Good Video👍🏾 And Great breakdown of terms.☑️
They had religious freedom the christians and jews don’t twist the facts mate
Bringing the classroom out into the real world - Commendable 👍🏼
You are making very good videos covering almost entire world
Hi nomadic professor, is your real name Leonardo di caprio from Titanic?
75 long brutal bloody ??? I think you have read wrong books. Muslims were very tolerant in the area. All religious beliefs were welcomed by them. They brought education, architecture, rice, nuts fruits to the area. They taught how to do agriculture. Sicilian language learned a lot from Arabic. Both Spanish rule and Sicilian rule by Muslims is considered golden period in dark ages of Europe.
It was magnificent - God bless You Man.
On the topic of religious conflicts often not being as black as white as they seem, an Interesting tidbit I remember is on the Siege of Nikea (a christian city that had only recently been conquered by the Seljuk turks) early on during the first Crusade. While the Crusaders besieged the city, the Byzantines secretly sent an envoy to negotiate the surrender of the city peacefully, and were successful. But despite the Byzantine Emperor Alexios rewarding the crusaders for their aid, it angered the crusader armies who had hoped to profit a great deal more from conquering and raiding the christian city themselves.
Top quality content man. Thank you.
Arabic, Greek, Latin and Norman French were all official languages in Roger's regime....His army was built around Saracen brigades, and Moslems continued to provide the backbone of the Sicilian bureaucracy.
History is fascinating!
Roger II - one of the greatest men of the Middle Ages - became king of Sicily in 1130..
Coinage of the realm was dated according to Muslim Calendar; Roger's coronation robe bore an embroided inscription in Arabic....
Even those gestures of italians with their hands and they are loud just like us they saw us during the occupation do those stuff and they influenced by us but the only thing we didn’t forced people to convert to islam like christians do in spain and sicily
Palermo one of the biggest city in the world in 10th century under the emirate of sicily
Dont mind me saying, but you need to upload more videos!
Love your videos!
I'm Sicilian American 3rd generation American and my parents are both Sicilian my DNA results are 86% Southern Italian,5% France, And a small percentage is Cyprus, Spain, Levant, Jewish,And Malta.
Bro ... Arabic and Sicilian have same mentality
Good video. Not even the Reconquista was straight up Muslim vs Christian. There were mixed alliances.
And just as a Byzantine invited the Aghlabids to Sicily, a Visigoth invited the Moors to Iberia.
Also, cool fact; the greatest military commander in Fatimid history and the founder of Cairo was a Sicilian convert
You fail to realize that corruption is always the cause for these types of situations of conquest. The Byzantines at the time were under political strife much like the Visigoths who needed some backup to remove the people in charge. It was just dynastic struggles.
As for the reconquista, those alliances were often used as exploit of power and weakness which is why the Muslims would get sieged and pay tribute back and forth to the Christians.
Was most of Europe and Arb Countries under Roman Rule?
I enjoyed Dennis Hopper and Christopher Walken's deep scientifically and historically sound discussions on genetics from True Romance as well.
just bullshit good on film though !
Well this is why I’m here today. I’m British Italian Sicilian and Arab. My moms Italian and my dads Sicilian and Arab. Go US. Today I have two religions - Roman Catholic and a Muslim
Many sicilian have Arab ancestry
Thanks with honesty
Now, Italy invade every corner of Arab rulers using sophisticated weapon; Ferrari & Lamborghini.
That is trade not invasion
Yes because Italians can't afford it
What islam done to Spain was amazing
Have to disagree with some parts of your narration. The Jews and Christian subjects were free to practice their faiths and build their places of worship. All non-muslims were charged a "Jizya" or 'subject' tax, which actually was less than the "Zakat" the muslims had to pay annually. So, moneywise the non-muslims got a better deal, but it was not about money in the caliphate, rather it was about peace, security and true faith in our Lord. The invasion and consolidation of these foriegn lands was an enterprise the muslims were not too keen to take. The muslims only went in because of turmoil and infighting in the christian lands and this was a trend from Spain to the Balkans and beyond.
During that period, Sicily was also an important center for Arab slave trade
Watching you it’s like watching a movie , awesome bro 👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻
Indeed " you have got reinforcements coming from Spain all the time, a constant stream, reinforcements coming in from north Africa constant stream" but, on the other hand, you've also reinforcements coming from byzantine empire all the time and also you've reinforcements coming in from Holy roman empire and Italian principalities such as, principality of Salemo, principality of Benevento, principality of Capua, Duchy of Amalfi, Duchy of Spleto, papal states marquisette of Verona, marquisette of Tuscany....etc good video though.
264 years of emirate obvious that we had culturally a deep background muslim, I can assure that! Language, food,traditions and many more, as a Sicilian don't listen who say that it was not true, because it is!
Charlemagne's Franks by that time could no longer be regarded as "Germanic" no more, as the Franks though Germanic in origin had already been Romanized by Gallo-Romans and become Latin-speaking people making the language of French a Romanic tongue !
ʿAbd al-Jabbār ibn Muḥammad ibn Ḥamdīs (en árabe : عبد Syجبار بن أبي بكر بن محمد بن حمديس .أزدي .صقلي أبو محمد ; Siracusa o Noto, circa 1056 - Mallorca, 1133) fue un poeta árabe de lengua siciliana, el mayor exponente de la poesía árabe en Sicilia a principios de los siglos Xi y XII.
Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Jabbār ibn Abī Bakr ibn Muḥammad ibn Ḥamdīs al-Azdī al-Ḥiqillī nació en una familia noble alrededor de 1056. Alrededor de 1078, cuando la conquista normanda de Sicilia ya estaba avanzada, dejó la isla embarcándose en el puerto de Marzamemi para llegar a Al - Andalus después de una travesía en la que tocó la costa de Ifriqiya. En Sevilla fue aceptado en la corte del Príncipe, poeta y mecenas Muhammad Al-Muttamid, en un destino que lo unió con el del otro exiliado Siciliano al - Ballanūbī. El Príncipe abbadí permaneció amigablemente cerca incluso después del destronamiento sufrido por los almorávides y el posterior encarcelamiento en Marruecos. Después de la muerte de su amigo (1095), fue recibido en Bijāya, Argelia, bajo la protección del príncipe hammadita Mansur ibn Nasir. Ibn Ḥamdīs continuó su peregrinación en los países del Islam Mediterráneo hasta su muerte que lo atrapó en Mallorca, de casi ochenta años, en 1133, lejos de la patria de la que había conservado una vívida memoria y a la que había dedicado versos de sincero pesar: pocos años después de salir de Sicilia, Noto, ciudad que había conocido y en la que había vivido, en 1086 y 1091 Después de la muerte de este último (1105) fue alojado durante al menos veinte años en la ciudad Tunecina de Mahdia en la corte de los Príncipes ziridi. Un poema de Ibn Ḥamdīs celebra la victoria Zirí contra la flota normanda en el Cabo Dimas en 1123. Ibn Ḥamdīs recibió un dīwān, es decir, un cancionero de composiciones poéticas, que consta de 360 qasāʾid (poemas), para un total de más de 6000 versos. Los temas tratados son variados, desde la descripción de detalles de la vida cotidiana, hasta el panegírico en honor a los príncipes en la corte de la que fue acogido. Muchos qasides están dedicados a la Sicilia perdida de su juventud. Muchos están dedicados a la belleza femenina y al vino, en un estilo que recuerda al de su famoso contemporáneo persa Omar Khayyam. Hay al menos dos copias manuscritas del dīwān de Ibn Ḥamdīs, una en la Biblioteca Vaticana y otra en San Petersburgo. La obra fue descubierta en el siglo XIX por el arabista Siciliano Michele Amari, que tuvo que enfrentarse al problema de la transliteración en uso para la lengua árabe entre los estudiosos de todo el mundo. Otros qasidas de Ibn Ḥamdīs se mencionan en las obras de otros autores de la literatura árabe. La primera transcripción del Diwan en árabe moderno fue editada por Celestino Schiaparelli, un estudiante de Amari, y fue publicada en Italia en 1897. Schiaparelli editó una traducción italiana que permaneció inédita. En 1960, el conocido erudito y editor de textos, Iḥsānababbās, basado en otros documentos, publicó una nueva versión árabe del dīwān que contenía 370 qasides, 10 más que la versión de Schiaparelli. En 1998, finalmente, el dīwān, completo en la traducción de Schiaparelli, fue publicado en italiano por Sellerio después del descubrimiento del manuscrito original por Stefania Elena Carnemolla. También hay otras colecciones parciales en italiano publicadas en las últimas décadas.
Olvidado durante gran parte del siglo XX, Ibn Hamdis es citado por Leonardo Sciascia en el artículo de 1969 Sicilia y Sicilia, incluido en la colección La corda pazza. Desde los años noventa, ha habido una reevaluación en Italia de la obra de Ibn Ḥamdīs fuera del arabismo, y más generalmente de la cultura árabe en Sicilia. Esto también inspiró a poetas y músicos italianos. En la obra del poeta Siciliano Sebastiano Burgaretta la influencia de Ibn Ḥamdīs es clara. Y al gran poeta árabe-Siciliano, Burgaretta dedicó una intensa ópera en lengua siciliana, entonces ganadora del Premio Vann''antò Saitta. En 2007, en Sicilia, los eventos Zagara y Rais y, con el patrocinio de la región siciliana editado por Antonino Reitano, Poesia araba siciliana destinado a honrar a los poetas árabes de Sicilia. El conjunto musical Milagro acustico ha dedicado tres álbumes a la poesía de los poetas árabes de Sicilia y en particular a Ibn Hamdis: Poeti Arabi Di Sicilia (2005 Compagnia Nuove Indye), siqiliah terra d''Islam - Viaggiatori e poeti arabi di Sicilia (2007 Compagnia Nuove Indye) y SICILIA ARABA (2013 Cultural Bridge Indie Label). En 2008, la cantante Catania Etta Neckline, con la colaboración del profesor Corrao, curador de la colección de poesía árabe de Sicilia, junto con otros artistas del grupo Ensemble, organizó sobre la poesía de Ibn Ḥamdīs, y otros poetas de los árabes de Sicilia, el espectáculo, La Flor brilla, que ha tenido mucho éxito en Alemania, y que hizo un cd de música. En 2011, el músico Siciliano Franco Battiato puso música a algunas de las obras de Ibn Hamdis en un proyecto musical titulado Diwan: the essence of the real, con el fin de celebrar el 150 aniversario de la unidad de Italia con un homenaje a la riqueza de sus raíces culturales
Y Jawhar al Siqilly!? Donde lo metimos??
Very detailed and informative. The BBC spends fortunes on similar work which are not so informative and tinged with political correctness
Regarding Dhimmi for non Muslims.
It's not heavily tax , it's less than 2.5% of income.
California comes from the Spanish word which means in Arabic land of the Khalif.
I had no idea
Those were Islamic caliphate from Damascus under command of Caliph.. Sarcens is a ambiguous term you should say Muslim army from Arab and North Africa
Dhimmis or Dhimmi is not something negative although a lot of western orientalist have turned it that way to suit their narrative of "how muslims treat non Muslims as second class citizens or whatever this is simply not true both Christians and Jews in all conquered lands by Muslims have been living in peace and harmony the Jizya tax for Shimmies is wayyy less than the Muslim tax so if that's the case most people would convert out of Islam to Christianity and Judaism to pay less to the government but people converted to Islam willingly and because it provided them with organized and fulfilling life and details through spirituality and knowing the purpose of life something that Christianity did not offer to them
Why the question and it wasnt half the whole island was muslim for 200 years
"stop being racist!!! they are peaceful and did not invade anyone ever!! crusades and spanish inquisiton was baaaadddddd"-someone who didnt read history
New sub added
Its funny how western or non western scholars professors what ever try to learn history of a region
While they dont speak the native language for example sanskrit arabic persian latin
Sicilian people ara White Arabs, Specific from Banu Tamim
plz change the title atleast from scourge
Don't forget who brought pasta to italy... It's the Arabs
Wrong, racist. The Etruscans from 3000 years ago in Italy were using pasta !
The Moors were not berbers , { those who wore beards } this is what berber mean ! The Romans and Greeks called their own European brethen barbarians , be the don't did cut their hair , and they didn't take baths , they enjoyed their Savagery , heathens that they were 🤔
Berber comes from the Latin word [ Barba ] meaning [ beard ] 🤔
The Romans and Greeks didn't wear beards , they learn't this from the Kemeticians [ Egyptians ]
Romans and Greeks veiwed wearing beards as uncivilzed ,
This where the word , Barber shop came from .🤔🤔🤔 So The Moors were not berbers ,
Berbers were European barbarians that grow long facial hair . ,berber is a description not an ethnic group .
I like how Sicily completely reversed the effects of the Muslim invasions and Spain too within a couple of centuries...
The inquisition a totally barbaric act of intolerance
@@bk3430 you must be an idiot , history is gona repeat itself sadly.
Do you even know what happened in the inquisition, you should study history more.
@Raees Zargar In Egypt and Levant we still have native Christians but in Sicily and Spain we don't have native Muslims
@Raees Zargar really not the same! Spain and Sicily completely exterminated Muslims, but that never happened in Egypt or Syria to Christians
Arabs 🤝 Sicilians
Fraxinetum state
Not just sicily, the Muslims from Tunisia (the ahglabid dynasty) conquered parts of Italy like sicily, Calabria, Basilicata and puglia.
The saracens actually built 3 bases/ cities in Basilicata.
And the sicilian kingdom conquered Tunisia in the 12th century, as well.
The Saracens never made an impact on Calabria, Basilicata and Puglia. Read some history on the these regions ! There is no appreciable Saracen genes in the. populations. of these regions ! Cheesh !!
@@tchirn what a joke, i am from basilicata, you need to shut up. what a joke. the most notable example of saracen settlements in basilicata is definitely tursi, for many years it was a muslim outpost in the city of rabatana. don’t even get me started on the emirate of bari. i know my history so don’t talk about it.
Sicilys golden Era was under Muslim rule
Muslim presence arriving to Europe is always under the same context. This happened in Spain as well. Europe wasn’t exactly a beacon of freedom back in those days, with people having little to no rights or hope for future generations. Muslims had a much more developed and nuanced society at that time in terms of citizen rights, women’s rights, freedom of religious practice and so forth. Any time Muslims went to Europe, it is because Europeans themselves not only invited them, but requested their help in fighting oppressors, as they saw life under Muslim rule to be much more favorable and just
Sicilians are about 40% Arab genetically. That's what made the Mafia so deadly. They were vicious and cunning like Arabs, but they also had the discipline and intelligence of Europeans, which enabled them to build large and sophisticated criminal enterprises.
Galderik I wouldn’t say zero but maximum 5% Sicilians are mostly Greeks/Italians and I’ve worked with many of them (real Sicilians who were born there not Italian Americans or whatever you might think)
Gritos. You're foolish.
Gritos making up stats
South Italian share same DNA as Sicily
Roman's where a mix of conquered peoples, Italians and people of the Mediterranean in essence are probably the most mixed of all nations in the world, they just all in denial conquered nations.
I came here to learn about why under muslim rule Palermo and sicily became one of the most wealthiest places in europe, and i was disappointed.
Your view are mostly one-sided.
>>>> He is So biased!
Exactly because he must be hating Muslims for nothing!?
Sei la Sicilia era Muslim.
Richtig
You are a liar, if anyone who was a scourge was the Normans. No one liked the normans, the “ Saracens “ actually built the country compared to the Europeans.
And that is why we get North Africans escaping from their Muslim countries to Sicily, Spain, Greece etc
@@marioformosa4259 Yes after colonialism which wrecked there countries originally. We are talking about 1200 years ago. You are a professional idiot. Everyone knows that the renaissance itself was on-setted by the Saracens(moors) being in Spain, lets not forget the jews aswell.
@@mahaawaryaa2871 Waryaa the guy is nacas. He dying of hate. 😂😂 Waa shaydan nacalada.
Sicilians are NOT black they don't even look biracial and we all know what a bi-racial person looks like ( white/black ) they look way more like Chaldean or are Lebanese , Arabic not only in looks but also in culture lot's of similarities #facts
ofc we’re not black😂😂😂
Sicilians are/were Frank Sinatra, Al Pacino, DiMaggio, Joe Montana, Chick Corea, Sonny Bono, Ariana Grande, Steven Tyler, Bon Jovi, Lady Gaga, Antonin Scalia, Andrew Cuomo....That's how Sicilians look.
@@marioformosa4259 All of these people you mentioned have different European admixture, thus are not pure Sicilians. Sicilians are pretty dark.
@@ajmerthethy6724 that's because sicilians are not white. Those dark italians are mixed with arab 100%. You can not be swarthy and be white. You are mixed
We are not White, we are meditereanean,with Oil Skin.
They conquered a tiny piece of India , thats not comparable to saying India as a whole , not an acurate or factual statement , love your work anyhow.
I think pakistan was part of India back than.
Saracen means thief
Very biased unfortunately
InShaAllah..
1). Soon They will Accepted ÎSLAM With 2 Words (Sahadath)..
2). WithOut War And WithOut Swords ..
3). No 10% Tex For The Church .. 😏
They are, they play in the premier league rugby in the UK.
inshallah tunisia christian again 2070
Greeks were in Sicily ... Muslims in Sicily, etc... there is no such thing as 100% Sicilian ... My husband's grandfather left Sicily to NY in the late 1800s. My husband'd DNA on the paternal side showed up as Japanese. How did that happen? His grandma was French Arab Tunisian.
Sorry to say this, but if your husband's grandfather had also tunisian roots, he wasn't full blooded sicilian. We can't take his DNA as an example of Sicilian ethnicity
That was the will of Allah and InshaAllah we shall win it back
I love your videos but I would disagree with you on your statement that all of history was "muddy". No these series of conflicts were a clear struggle between two main groups, the Europeans and the Islamic invaders. There are plenty of examples throughout history of struggles occurring by main forces and of it being complicated.
Don't ever forget the greatest Spaniard of all time fought along side and with Muslim powers in Spain, but few people know that about Rodrigo de Bivar!! Just watch Heston's movie El Cid, his closest ally was Mutamain, a Muslim Emir. No pun intended but most history is not as easy to discern as black and white!!
Your obsession with Islam speaks volumes.
How does it feel that your religion of Christianity being abandoned by the Europeans who's ass your kissing and Islam being the fastest growing religion in the world. Must hurt. 😂 Clown.
InshaAllah that was the will of Allah
Yes it was Tunisian.
Tunisia was conquered by Sicily in the 12th century. It goes both ways.
So Saracen is the same as Infidel .
actually were not Saracen but Moorish people from north africa
Fantastic, happy story in the end, with the deportation!!!!!
It was not the happy story at all, massacre, and lot of stuff was done.
Nomadic Professor, don't be afraid of saying thing they way they were. You say muslim conquest instead of invasion. Were muslims hired as mercenaries? Yes. The way you present it, almost makes it seem like europeans invited muslims over to conquer them. It wasn't their fault we asked them!
Well it was a conquest
What's a conquest genius? Look up the word.
Don’t forget the Albanians 2. The Albansese’s are Muslims along with the Tunisian’s
The Albanians who. came to Sicily were Christians who had escaped from the. Muslim Ottomans who had invaded Albania ! So you do not know what you are talking about !!!