ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 26 ก.ย. 2024
- Try 23andMe: www.23andme.com...
Make sure we don’t go extinct and SUBSCRIBE! ►► bit.ly/iotbs_sub
↓↓↓More info and sources below ↓↓↓
De-extinction, or using the power of modern biotechnology to bring back extinct species like mammoths and dinosaurs, would be cool. But is it really as easy as the movies make it look? Or do the cruel hands of time make it impossible? This weel we look at the technical and ethical hurdles behind the science of de-extinction and reverse engineering species that are no longer around.
Hybrid reptile/chicken skull scans courtesy of Bhart-Anjan Bhullar
Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: to.pbs.org/PBS...
-----------
REFERENCES:
Shapiro, B. (2015). How to clone a mammoth: the science of de-extinction. Princeton University Press.
Sherkow, J. S., & Greely, H. T. (2013). What if extinction is not forever?. Science, 340(6128), 32-33.
Zimmer, C. (2013). Bringing them back to life. National Geographic, 223(4), 28-41.
-----------
FOLLOW US:
Merch: store.dftba.co...
Facebook: / itsokaytobesmart
Twitter: @okaytobesmart @DrJoeHanson
Tumblr: www.itsokaytobe...
Instagram: @DrJoeHanson
-----------
It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Writer: Shaena Montanari, Ph.D.
Producer/editor/animator: Andrew Orsak
Producer: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox
Produced by PBS Digital Studios
Music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock www.shutterstoc...
Bring them back? Or make sure they never leave? Tell us what you think about de-extinction
Gimme them big fluffy elephants
Do I get a reply for being early and smart?
why not both?
It's Okay To Be Smart Make sure they never leave!! but... I would love to see a dinosaur 😂😂
It's Okay To Be Smart boooooo bring them back bring them back bring them back
If we bring back animals, I want a pet dodo
PIXELGAMING+ me to
I would like chose an early archosaur
YES
yeah, replace the chicken with dodo! (not eating them tho)
Woolly rhino. They were badass.
The main thing is that nobody starts thinking "oh, we can always bring them back later, so why protect them now?"
That makes absolute cero sense.
You can treat cavities by filling holes so you don't need/want to brush your teeth daily?
@@gotentk4 people think a lot of things that don't make sense and they feel even more of them...
@Penny Lane do both. We have toothpaste and dentists
@@gotentk4 good talk.
@@gotentk4 teeth filled with holes are not the same as teeth without holes in the first place.
You can't tell the difference between a specie before extinction and one that is revived after extinction.
We should focus on the ones that are already endangered.
Love Wins we dont need more creationists
YiGzit Your gonna have to be more specific.
They die off as every other species on this planet have done/will do eventually.
Natural extinction happens over hundreds of years, unless an extinction event takes place. Humans going around shotting animlas for fun is not natural. If it weren't for us animals like the quagga, thylacine, dodo, xerces blue etc. would still be alive.
Focusing on keeping an endangered species from going extinct is a very different problem to tackle than bring a species back from being extinct, each involving a different set of people. You cannot expect those working on the latter problem to completely change their line of research to the former problem.
Bringing fossils back to life what is this Pokémon?
Zack Watterson yes.
yes.
Fr0st 101, Alienmination i have no problem with that.
tfw when the profile pic matches the comment just right
Zack Watterson it's gumball
Didn't we learn anything from Jurassic Park?
We learned people will pay to see prehistoric creatures but that carnivores might eat people.
That's a fairly strong case for bringing back mammoths.
yes, we learned to do extensive background check in our staff and avoid military investiment
Also we learned that you shouldn't genetically engineer entirely new species from dinosaur DNA because that monstrosity in Jurassic World was totes lame.
Yeah,not to let a bunch of pissed off,deadly,hypercarnivorous,genetically engineered creatures out of their exhibit.
Yea, bring a bigger gun with you to the island.
"Ice age" movie in real life ...... cool (literally)
LOL
classy joke sire
all we need is the ice age baby too
@@dudeofthemonthgaming6998 do we ? Said sarcasticly
Chuckle chuckle
only if we also bring back Neanderthals. Those guys surely know how to ride them and so help us win the battle against Gondor.
Jaakko Kuusela wow lol
white people are part neanderthals
Jaakko Kuusela So would he have his memories and if so would he have a conscience like we do.
All non-blacks are part Neanderthal
Of course this comment has 69 likes
I think we should use de-extinction techniques on highly endangered species. Give the current more important species a boost. We shouldn't waste this power on amusement.
I think we should use these tools to help species that are very endangered. We should use it to bring back species from hundreds of years. Do that later
What do you consider a waste? There is no limit to it; why not add more?
We need to start a 1000-year shelf-life gene archive. We're not going to save this planet in the next several lifetimes. Not enough land. We need to archive the entire ecosystem until we have Von Neumann machines creating land in space. The point at which we create land faster than we use it, is the point at which we can restore the life we destroyed in the 21st and 22nd centuries.
@@manictiger Or we just bring human population down or at least keep them stable and not growing more. So we dont need more land. What use are 8 Billion people? 1-2 billion is far more than enough.
than maximize the efficiency of space for living quarters and growing food to retreat human landscapes to fewer land and make clear distinction between what we use and what we leave for nature to use.
@@JH-zs3bs
Because in the end, this planet dies. Sorry about the spoiler, but this planet is eventually going to die. We can prolong the existence of known life (the DNA on this planet), by spreading into space. Instead of being the killers of life, we could be the bringers of life. I think, eventually we may even be able to "universe hop", to avoid getting caught in "the heat death of this universe".
I don't see why bringing back Mammoths to be a bad thing, only if we not spend too much money and time on it. Keeping current species from going extinct should be a higher priority, though.
Merkky One does not exclude the other
Merkky well are mammoths going to be able to adapt to our warming climate?
Considering that they did't went extinct for that reason, yes it is likely.
We need to start a 1000-year shelf-life gene archive. We're not going to save this planet in the next several lifetimes. Not enough land. We need to archive the entire ecosystem until we have Von Neumann machines creating land in space. The point at which we create land faster than we use it, is the point at which we can restore the life we destroyed in the 21st and 22nd centuries.
Your channel is one of my favourite science based channels on TH-cam.
Me: is that a mammoth?
Scientist: No, It's a furry elephant
I hope one day we will bring Neanderthals back....
+Fady Farouk
They are still among us. Just use public transport in any major city around midnight. Alternatively you may visit to the "heavy iron" section of a fitness studio of your choice and you'll see what I mean.
I think there's some serious ethical issues with that
I laughed so hard when I saw that sesame street mammoth at 0:39
0:48 Really, last time I checked the Quagga wasn't a species onto itself, but a sub-species of plains zebra
Prehistoric zebras will be there
That doesn't change that the Quagga is extinct
mammoth are big part of my childhood it would be nice to see them in real life
+Red Parrot
Wow .. you must DAMN old ....
Can you tell me about your neanderthal friends ? Were they fun to play with or rather slow-witted bullies ?
Wow... You shouldn't bring up the Neanderthals like that, might hit him in the feels.
The last time we tried de-extinction was in a location called Jurassic Park. And we all know how well that ended...
"The last time we tried" is there something i don't know about?
Now i just can't imagine how rich John Hammond actually is
My favorite science-based channels on TH-cam.
anyone else notice how Joe looks a lot like Hank from Scishow?
+SteamStax I think half of TH-cam has noted this by now :)
It's Okay To Be Smart I'm gonna be honest, embarrassingly enough ive been watching both your channels now for a few months and I've always thought you two were the same person.. never really payed too much attention to the voices. You two should collab on something on the topic of dopplegangers it'd be hilarious.
OMG yes these two need to collab. I love both these shows
also nice triple-post, Joe :^)
+SteamStax
Both studied biology, so what do you expect ?
Frank Schneider Lol if everyone who studied biology came out looking like that I may need to go back to school
why do we easily lose stuff or displace stuff? or what about the moment you put something down, walk away and come back, and you can't find it. Can you please make a video of that?
You were so preoccupied with whether or not you could, you didn’t stop to think if you should
I'd say help current species, and bring back recently extinct species, such as the Tasmanian Tiger! :3
*:3
We need to start a 1000-year shelf-life gene archive. We're not going to save this planet in the next several lifetimes. Not enough land. We need to archive the entire ecosystem until we have Von Neumann machines creating land in space. The point at which we create land faster than we use it, is the point at which we can restore the life we destroyed in the 21st and 22nd centuries.
A major issue has been completely overlooked: even with the full DNA of thousands of mammoths, you will still need the content of the oocyte (proteins, maternal mRNA, mitochondria, ...). Scientists were able to save a handful of endangered species using an oocyte from a close-related species (gaur, mouflon, African wild cat, sand cat, coyote and some others). However, most of the time using the oocyte of a close-related species (such as the elephant here) does not work. We cannot know before trying of course, but it is unlikely to work.
Did you also learn how 23andMe are using the data about your genetics and also sharing it with 3rd parties. Kudos on the endorsement, I recommend asking Cambridge Analytica for a sponsorship next time - bigger money there.
What could someone else find from your genetics? Our understanding of it is not that advanced yet. Anyway those genetic tests are not particularly accurate.
I wonder if there is a way to get the genome of every animal now, in case we want to try and recreate animals in the future
"I got. I got. I got. I got. Mammoth teeth, got mammoth feet inside my DNA. I got, mammoth tusks and mammoth hair inside my DNA!.. I Transform like this, evolve like this, immaculate adaptation."🔥💯
I think it’s a better idea to do this then to re-create something from the past
you're right about this technology being an option to protect species currently endangered, but let's face it, the general public doesn't really care, getting this seriously off the ground needs a sales pitch, and few things work better than "let's bring woolly mammoths back".
Also, forget about just putting them in a park, let's make them cattle, mammoth wool and meat are going to be all the rage.
i think that someone should build a facility for mammoths to live until they can be released into the wild, and than have everyone who manages to bring mammoths back donate all their specimens to them. that's the closest we could get to creating a healthy population
I absolutely think we should bring back animals like the dodo or the passenger pigeon if we're able to, since it's humanity's fault they're gone in the first place.
question is not - if can or should - question is when!
your videos are amazing man...like a feel so good gaining all these knowledge from your videos sir....just don't stop make more videos,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,loving it
to make a mammoth: Get any hair dogs,people,etc, get a elephant, Get gallons of glue,put glue on the elephant, put the hair on it, BOOM a MAMMOTH!
I've been bingewatching these for a while now.
Let's do it #yolo
Who says yolo anymore
Please Kill Me ironic as de-extinction is all about #yolmultipletimes
Love the irony here
Let's do it #dodo
NHO!!! I WANT MAMMOTH
The saddest thing is, "genetic diversity increased in ferret populations" is not nearly as catchy as the headline "Mammoths brought back from the dead!" and therefore, funding will probably be lower.
DJ, I hope I'm still alive when science finally de-extinct these magnificent beasts.
Theres a big problem even with the genetics. The cells have srnas and other components, passed down from parents to child, which can also control genetic expression. And that cannot be reproduced without an actual mammoth cell. You can't just take a chimp, replace the DNA, and expect a human. Theres far more than simply DNA that controls the expression of the correct genes, in the correct order. One of which is the mother, using specific hormones on the foetus. We do not know if mammoths had special gene expression controls, meaning all the attempts would fail, without the proper hormones produced at the right time. So you wouldn't get a mammoth at the end, but some other creature, that may or may not ressemble a mammoth.
While this is true a lot of gene activation would reappear after a few generations since they would naturally be more healthy if they had these.
Not in all cases, and without the proper sequence, you would not get anything close to a proper mammoth, it would become healhier, but it could go down a completly different pathway. And it wouldn't have any of the silencing rna, that would be passed down from parents who encountered viruses, or even genetic silencing. Meaning if you gave that mammoth all its original genome, without the parents controls to silence specific genes, you might simply get something thats not a mammoth, as all mammoths have a gene silenced, while non-mammoths don't. We don't have the abbility to determine which genes in their genome would potentially be silenced, meaning even if it corrects itself, it could very well not be a mammoth. Like if noone cares for perfection, then its fine, but those wouldn't be 100% assured to be mammoth. You would simply have created a new subcategory based off the mammoths genetic material, so it wouldn't be de-extinct.
+Triumph263
The major problem would be getting the first generation to work and this is extremely unlikely as you that require a very closely related still living species as surrogate mother and oocyte donor. Mammoth/elephant are a good choice, but I highly doubt that it would work out in the lab. I wouldn't generally rule out the idea as totally absurd or unfeasible, but chances are imho very high that it would not work, even if you somehow manage to recreate a full and health mammoth chromosome set.
I'm all for seeing Wooly Mammoths again but we should focus on saving endangered animals. Like, removing woodland for a species that doesn't even exist? hmm
OMG THATS BRILLIANT!!! Why haven't we used this to add slight diversity to endangered species genes. That way we make them more likely to evolve into more favorable traits!!!! As a scientist and a philosopher I've noticed that sometimes systems "settle" into an unstable equilibrium after being in an excited state, the best solution to this is to "kick the tv." A jolt to the otherwise stuck system allows it the freedom to settle into a more stable state. This seems like the genetic "kick" that could help many endangered species to rebuild healthy stable and fit populations.
and we only have to like fiddle with one or two disease resistance genes and maybe some mainly cosmetic genes (like pigmentation) in a few different embryos to get something started. Then selection will do our work for us. True we might cause a few individuals to be less fit and possibly die young, but overall it will change the genetic diversity of the species for the better. We should play God a little.
Kudos for saying that humans are complete responsible for the extinction of mammoths (0:43). Lot of people go with the "well, there were a lot of factor's involved. Changing climate, disease" spiel. But let's keep it real. We all know what the #1 factor was. It's not a coincidence that almost the major fauna died out right with the rise of humans. Hell, we seem to be putting in plenty of effort now to finish the job we started.
We should create something new instead of bringing back something dead. Like a creature that can eat plastic. Or maybe a tree that can suck in more co2, that would be cool. Also make them glow in the dark. I want a forest full of plants and fungus glowing. :O
I really like this guy! He does a really good job in all these videos
A half chicken half t rex, THAT IS FRICKIN AWESOME
I'd say you make ONE mammoth for the sake of scientific understanding (and the headlines). Then use those techniques to help sustain genetically doomed species. After we get elephant populations up and stable, then maybe we can talk about dedicating a portion of them to bringing back the mammoth permanently.
Just because we can, doesn't mean that we should. What potential benefits would recreating a species of mammoths bring? If biodiversity is the goal, can we not achieve that through an easier to recreate, less prehistoric species?
60 Second Success capitalism. Its just this simple
60 Second Success capitalism. Its just this simple
Humanity never only did what we "should"😂
If Humanity only did what we "should", then we would still hunt with sticks and a sharp stone and live in cages
EUW Server couldn't agree more
My 22 year old brother has ALWAYS been obsessed with dinos. So he has a shirt that says “where’s my pet velociraptor science?!?”
I love how you said Vaquita
Extinction is a natural process, I think we should let nature take its path even if this idea is so tempting but it can have unexpected outcome and harm more than it benifits
WE ARE THE GOD OF NATURE, WE ARE THE MOTHER NATURE ITSELF, WE COMMAND THEM TO NOT ATTACK US, its true btw 😖
No random dude, No matter how advanced we think we are we're still weak little apes, a small virus can make us extinct, I'm not saying they will attack us that's a narrow way of seing things but they can cause an ecosystem disorder orbring diseases..
Well, too bad, we extinct mammoths, ergo, mammoth extinction was not a natural process
Bill Cipher33 i see you're one of those ignorant hipsters who think humans are just some "anomaly" instead a natural result of evolution like oh i don't know.
EVERY OTHER CREATURE ON EARTH
Harley Con Has every other species on Earth caused a global extinction of Megafauna?
Don't get me wrong, I would never dream of the extinction of humanity, but a fact is a fact
Resurrect the mammoth would be beneficial
You can gestate the fetus in an artificial womb (we already did it with a lamb), you would not need to use an elephant mother.
Really love how you give your final remarks about most of your vids. Since I haven't watched it all. On my way to tho.
0:44 - "Humans are completely responsible for killing off the mammoths." Strong statement.
4:20 well good news, we've finally cloned a black footed ferret that didn't have any surviving offspring, which means we have a chance to introduce more genetic diversity in the existing population
apparently no scientists ever saw Jurrasic Park...."hey let create aT-Rex". um do you wanna get eaten?
All It's Okay To be Smart episodes but every time they say a pun in the video a random video from TH-cam plays
Great video! Really thought provoking :)
I wish at the end they would have mentioned an insect, reptile or anything other than "cute" mammals.
I think we should bring back the eighties. Those were happier times.
I think that if we bring mammoths back, hunters will be like
its free real estate
4:17 "species like the *california condor*"
Joe, that is an illustration of the andean condor, not a california one.
Elephants today and rhinos are having their tusk cut off so that a tusk less gene passes on, but if we do some day get mammoths out into the wild and have them roam free, they could end up like the black rhino. And the black rhino is only nearly extinct because people kept on killing them for their tusks.
2:28 Left-handed DNA !
Uhhhh I'm right handed
If I don’t see a real life Jurassic Park I am going to riot and get angry.
This question im asking right now is completely not related to the video:So if scientist are getting closer to mixing genes and all that jazz...how far back can they reverse the genetic code of a chicken to make them for dinosaur like?
I love your videos a LOT! Thanks for making these. Do you use Patreon for support?
0:39 Sesame street?
1:08 Jurassic Park? *Life uh... finds a way...*
2:11 Mammothicles?
2:29 This might go wrong like it did with those dinos.
3:47 JURRASIC PARK
Yes make a mammoth so that other people can hunt them AGAIN. Perfect plan, no issues or problems
So, basically, Jurassic park is possible. NEW LIFE GOAL!
sorry. but it's not. it's pretty much impossible with dinos. atm.
I actually searched "its okay to be sart." LOLOLOLOOLOL!
Could we also do this with vegetation as well?
I think that de-extinction techniques should only be applied to species that have recently been extinct because of humans, or species that are about to disappear. It's not at all clear that mammoths disappeared because of us. Applying de-extinction to those species is most probably a very bad idea.
Yea they did
20 years from now kids will only see rhino in pictures and videos.
It would have a good effect and bad effect on us , but still maybe bringing back extinct species would actually helps us in many ways possible that we can think of .
Yeah what about the Quoll? They are not doing so well due to their short life spans, slow maturation, limited breeding time and vastly fragmented habitat.
Why do I get the feeling that Cheetahs are probably a candidate for having their genetic diversity amplified? Given they kind of need it. The question is which cat to take the additional diversity from... While house cats have many "breeds", many of those breeds have plenty of genetic defects due to the fact that breed definition is mostly aesthetic rather than "what's most healthy". On the other hand, larger cat species are similarly endangered, but have more robust genetics.
If humanity shrugs and decides working dog genes are a healthier choice to give to a cat, we could end up with some kind of modern Miacid. Then again, the artist's depiction of one I saw was more like the cross between a fox and an ocelot... Actually, that would be adorable.
+Luna Protege
Thought the same, but TBH the Cheetah genome is so fucked up due to inbreeding, that I doubt they can be saved, which is a pity as they are such an elegant species.
We could genetically engineer fast breeding elephants and then use them, or we could construct an artificial womb.
I think we should bring back SOME extinct animals at least the ones that we made extinct.some people may argue that it’s playing god but I argue that we were playing god when we made them extinct so we owe it to those species
we played God killing them so it's only natural we play God to bring them back.
What about the lessons intelligent mammals like elephants learn from their parents? If you drop a baby mammoth out in the wild and expect it to act like the last mammoths on this planet you might be sorely disappointed
Yeah but I hope, they focus on bringing the wooly mammoth back from extinction instead of focusing on pig humans.
We need to bring back all of them
"Should we?" Not in a million years! lol
But jokes aside, it'd be a bad idea. I don't want giant insects(with their scary close-up "Wormy" faces). And don't want giant sharks(megaladon) rising up in waves and biting people in half(a random giant alligator movie traumatized me as a kid back in the late 1990s/early 2000s). No way. They should stay extinct.
Why are there penguins on that opening map? I thought penguins only lived in the Southern Hemisphere.
Yeah I agree with that!
I don’t know why the scientists are not doing it right now though
I'm glad they were able to de-extinct the gastric breeding toad :)
Oh, those embryos only lived 3 days ;(
Okay after mammoth lets do:
Tasmanian Wolf
Dodo Bird
Wooly Rhino
Spinx Macau
Megalodon
Passenger Pigeon
Brachiosaurus
"Believe it or not, the modern chicken is a decently close relative of T-rex."
I have never seen chickens in this way until now....
You can count the number of seeds in an apple, but you can’t count the number of apples in a seed.
Bringing back the dodo would be great
I thought birds were technically dinosaurs. I know what he means when he says the chicken will be more "dinosaur-like." (I.e more like our concept of a dinosaur). Still, I thought all birds are technically dinosaurs. Let me know if I have something wrong though
You're right, they come from the direct lineage that dinosaurs sit on too. I think it's just for comfort that people separate birds and dinosaurs like this, because they are two very different images in someone's imagination. "I saw the prettiest yellow dinosaur sitting on my fence the other day" just doesn't sound right when talking about a bird xD
BrieAnna Stauffer Thanks, i wanted to be sure my information was right!
"They belong to the clade Dinosauria, but they're not 'dinosaurs'."
Actually that's the definition of being a dinosaur.
Wouldn't it be funny if someone spends millions to create a "mamoth" like elephant
and after a few generations it just evolves back to look like a standart elephant :D
They are trying to do exactly that with the Dodo using a Pigeon relative.
Really why would you want to do that having trex around is terrifying
We should do the mammoth it would be a great learning curve
it’s pretty sad to think that in real life, manny died alone
You can't disguise an elephant to look like a mammoth, without it actually being a mammoth- because mammoth are hairy elephants adapted for the cold. Mammoth are more closely related to Asian Elephants, than Asian Elephants are to African elephants. And we call them both elephants... If mammoth never went extinct, then more likely than not, they would've been called … drumroll please … "elephants".
Welcome to pleistocene Park (jurassic Park theme starts)
Other than the sermon at the end, that was pretty good.
You wouldn't be bringing them back.. you'd be making a new species.