What Is Time? | Professor Sean Carroll Explains Presentism and Eternalism
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It's said that the clock is always ticking, but there's a chance that it isn't. The theory of "presentism" states that the current moment is the only thing that's real, while "eternalism" is the belief that all existence in time is equally real. Find out if the future is really out there and predictable-just don't tell us who wins the big game next year.
This video is episode two from the series "Mysteries of Modern Physics: Time", Presented by Sean Carroll
Learn more about the physics of time at www.wondrium.com/TH-cam
00:00 Science and Philosophy Combine When Studying Time
2:30 Experiments Prove Continuity of Time
6:47 Time Is Somewhat Predictable
8:10 Why We Think of Time Differently
8:49 Our Perception of Time Leads to Spacetime
11:54 We Dissect Presentism vs Eternalism
15:43 Memories and Items From the Past Make it More Real
17:47 Galileo Discovers Pendulum Speeds Are Identical
25:00 Thought Experiment: “What if Time Stopped?”
29:07 Time Connects Us With the Outside World
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#whatistime #seancarroll #physics
Love this format. No audience. No overuse of special effects. No host trying to be overly entertaining and funny like some of today's documentaries.
total agreement here, no clowns, knowledge counts instead :)
There is an episode of Startalk with Neil Degrasse Tyson of which 4 times him and his host were joking about a certain topic and the poor professor who was being interviewed just stood there like a statue trying to avoid the “joke”. Lol!
Well said. It's like yo yo yo whattup science bitches? Lemme give a shout out to my physics posse.
@Science Revolution what the hell are you talking about?
Love this comment. Helpful. Constructive. Non-repetitive. Straight to the point, allows the creator to know we wanna see it
Truly one of the best science communicator out there.
Be Honest #Now !!!
@@aussieragdoll_tnls932 746 for me because of 17:11 error. And that's just one thing.
Communicators
@@ophiolatreia93 (^.^)
This guy went one place above Brian Cox in my top 5
Prof. Carroll has a genius for clear teaching. I can’t think of anyone else who explains complexity so smoothly and effectively.
What an incredible documentary! I enjoyed it so much I’m going to watch it again yesterday.
What a great comment I will also read it again yesterday
I just read this comment tomorrow.
JR,,,,,,,,,,YOU DON'T HAVE A CLUE ABOUT WHAT YOU'VE SEEN HERE !
😭🤣😭🤣😭
There are 4 part series by Brian Greene - watch that first. Have to understand space first in order to understand time. th-cam.com/video/dEWupAFtXGU/w-d-xo.html
i admire Sean's ability to speak so simple and clear about most fundamental and complex things.
Carroll is awesome. He is able to distill scientific concepts to a level understandable by a common person. I saw him on Joe Rogan. The way he was able to explain heavy concepts...unbelievable.
Absolutely, right from the beginning. The subject or body of knowledge is NOT absolute, the way we understand totally changes the knowledge. Is that another accepted subject of study in philosophy?
and Rogan says DeGrasse is a much better explainer
Except for that one time where he used the stupid term "proper time", and confused the kid in the video explaining relativity to a child, a teen, a student and a professor.
@@TheShootist Yes, Neil is cool, too. But he needs to be careful. The #metoo stuff is for real. Word on the street is that he's putting moves on women in his circle. Wrong. Don't try to get p***y from your employees. That's immoral and unethical.
@@room111photography5 better to act a man than a mouse.
After watching the lecture, I began to read comments and was so surprised that the large majority of commentators had a great understanding of the subject discussed and made more easy for me to get my concepts more clearer than ever.....keep on spreading the light of knowledge with a logical approach....my heartfelt thanks to the entire team who made this happened...
Thanks, like a great song"lotsa info packed into brief time-space; me thinks you may be an acolyte of henry jacobowitz and john bonham😄
Verify every bit of information you conceive
TIME IS THE CAUSE OF GRAVITY ??
Jean Pier Garnier Malet joya 💎 found it! l am sure you enjoy it ! greetings from Santiago Chile 🇨🇱
@@kn9ioutom i hold to Presentism.
I do not believe in time existing as a separate thing from matter, and would say we base time on sequences of change or movements relative to change in another object.
Like we base a day on the movement of the sun around the earth. Then we divide that up into 24 parts. Then divide that into smaller parts. Then we set hour glasses to measure it. Then watches that count in a similar manner.
But what is that watch originally based on? The movement of the sun and we coordinate that to the movement of the hands or numbers on a watch.
But what you do not see is people just setting the watch to a thing called time. Time is not some reference point in of itself.
Just like if you asked how tall I am, and I said " 6". "6 what?" " Well I am 6 tall."
Time is nothing that can be traveled. You cannot travel to the past. We live in the now. And basically there is matter and the movement and arrangement of it in its current state to the next. And we base time on that
What is time? Time is something that can be used to describe changes. If everything is static then there is no need of time. So time is a state variable. It is man-made, mathematical, non-physical variable, to describe the state changes of the universe. It is independent from space. The existence of universe doesn’t need time, it is our human being that needs time to describe the changes of our universe.
BINGO
Only if TIME were man made, unless you're describing a concept of time that living beings have experienced and expressed over a period of Time 🕎🕛🤴🔱⚓🌊🐬🚀🌌
Gosh. Sean Carroll you are such a smart man. You say things in what seem like to be the best possible ways to explain them. Such a great communicator. Intelligence is less valuable without good communication. Good communication is less valuable without good intelligence. You sir are what happens what you have both. TY for your hard work.
But sean must not stop growing in his philosophy because what one sees is what one sees.
Brian Freeman I don’t think u learned anything
Yesterday is but a dream; tomorrow is but a vision,
But today, well lived,
Makes every yesterday a dream of happiness,
And every tomorrow a vision of hope.
That's the turtle from Kung Fu Panda right?
great thinking ....🙏🙏🙏
Professor, you are a blessing to students like me, who are constantly learning!
I recall a childhood riddle: What's always approaching but never arrives? Tomorrow.
At the beginning of the COVID pandemic I had this eerie feeling that time had slowed down, yet I felt like I was aging more rapidly. I'm not sure how to reconcile those perceived contradictions.
“Time is the moving image of eternity.”
--Plato
this man knows nothing of time time was invented bye man to make sense of what we do and understand if u go to work at 6.am an finish at 3pm the is how long we are at work the sun rises in the east and sets in the west how long does it take to move from east to west we use a clock mostly are 24 hrs long befor we ad clock we started at sunrise and finished at say midday thats the sun move south at say 12 hrs no such thing as space and time dont exist in nature lol he gets payed for this rubbish
@@roybradshaw4252 time does exist everywhere tho lol. How are you going to say it doesn't exist naturally? Why do animals get older then? Why do things change? This is time in motion. The way we label time however is not natural and really only pertains to humans. We put this label on however so that we are able to better understand the process of time and what it is, so when people are explaining time they are talking about the mechanics of time not the way we describe it, but the way it describes itself.
@@TheForneveralone it is a process that all living things go through its not time its a process witch applies to all things according to how old they are and time was invented bye humans to understand of periods of movement of natural things in the universeif u over work u get tired and hill so you take periods of to rest
@@roybradshaw4252Then what about past present and future bro
past as gone presant is right now and the future as yet to come so time as nothing to do with it u cant say it 7pm if its really 6pm a time that humans have agreed with not found in nature@@shangavik4128
String theory may be true, but maybe knot.
William Scott not*
String Theory is work in progress. Also, General Relativity it's NOT a complete theory, because it does not explain new factors no seem 100+ years ago.
do you have a particle collider the size of M31? No? No SUSY for you.
😂😂😂
William Scott funny
Fantastic lecture. His explanations are especially effective for those of us without any visual component to our memories/thoughts, who sometimes struggle the moment someone says "just picture/imagine/visualize such and such"
Don't even get me started on "picture X and then rotate it in y manner"
And it’s enlightening to see how Sean has actually had a long time to develop, articulate, and get familiar with these ideas and his style of communicating. Interesting and maybe obvious to realize that ‘Biggest Ideas in the Universe’ didn’t completely fall out of thin air
Yeah I have to turn in a project in two hours; lets watch this video and hopefully gain some insight into my procrastination.
How'd you do bro? -truly interested😊
My motto is "procrastinate now",
Hope that project went well g 😂
One of the great things about most of The Great Courses (TGC) lectures that I have seen so far, like this one, is that professors, like Dr. Sean Caroll here, bind all the concepts involved together in great talks, you get to see the whole picture, the tree and the forest. When I was in college, we did the calculations, I took tests, exams, finals, but never really had the chance to see things like this, in a holistic way. And TGC do all this in all its courses consistently. I would say that all universities should have this for people to be able to follow up, and to be more connected! Not to mention that we can always revisit these lectures over and over again, for example in search of inspiration, to research any particular topic. They help us to go from the tree to the forest back and forth all the time consistently!
I'm glad I found the time to watch this.
I believe that there is no now, only past and future. Time is always in flux, never stagnant. You lived in the past, yet every millisecond of time is always in the future. You can't exist in the present as that concept does not exist; only what transpired or is taking place now. Absolutely nothing stagnates because everything around it will not allow it to do so. In essence: To speak of a NOW is to accept that time can remain stagnant for any measures of time; this is not possible. Your Now is quite literally the FUTURE.
What do we want?
Time travel!
When do we want it?
Irrelevant!
Time travel isn't possible. Time is the rate of change in Energy. The sun is our energy, and "time" moves forward as the energy is released. :)
Look at pictures of a Nuclear mushroom cloud... That's Time Travel! The Stem of the cloud is where time moved ahead rapidly......
Amy, you made a few nerds smile, and some other nerds didn't get it.
@@tigerstudios not correct as you suggest the rate of change in energy is constant. and also suggest that every sun creates its own time because all suns release energy. Time slows when i move fast through space, or go further away from a gravitation pull of the planet. IT HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH THE ENERGY RELEASED from the sun - we already know time is related to SPACE
@@reddevilsunited7780 Time slows in an accelerated frame or gravitational field (equivalent). So you have it backward. But that doesn't challenge the point you were ultimately making.
Michael R
You are so wrong, where did you learn that?
Sean Carroll has an impeccable sense of TIME on those cameras
Salamat po sa napakagandang explaination kahit mayroon akong konting hindi naiintindihan ay pakiramdam ko ay nasusundan ko ang iyong paliwanag kasi nararamdaman ko na tama ang iniisip ko sa mga sinasabi mo, halimbawa: Kapag iniisip mo na hindi ka masasakop ng oras, ang oras ay lilipas. At ikaw ay iyon padin, hindi maapektuhan ang iyong imahinasyon.
Ito pa ang isang halimbawang:
Makakalula mo ng future pero hindi ang ngayon, makakalkula mo ang future sa pag kalkula sa nakaraan.
Pero naka depende ang ibang sagot ibang pamamaraan ng pag kalkula
What an amazing documentary! Thank you very much Prof Caroll!
Dr. Carroll very correctly and nicely explain the time. I am grateful of him for such a wonderful presentation
Dr. Carroll has that rare Professor Carl Sagan ability. The gift to know what he is talking about combined with the ability to dumb it down for the layman to understand. Many professors are genius academics inn their given field of expertise, but few possess the unique ability to share this knowledge with their audience without having a bunch of eyes glazing over.
Insidious Vidz That is true, but professors can learn. Oppenheimer was a lousy teacher at first, but ended up one of the best.
Sean Carroll is a freaking genius. He has a brilliant mind: the ability to COMMUNICATE this eloquently about a subject matter this complex is a sign of deep, deep intelligence. Verbal IQ is just as important as Mathematical IQ, alas without philosophy there is no physics. This is why, for centuries the field of physics was called "Natural Philosophy," and also why so many of histories most brilliant minds were philosophical inclined - Plato, Socrates, Aristole, Descartes, Leibniz, Newton, EINSTEIN, Goethe, Wittgenstein, Godel, Soyinka, Chomsky etc.
Bravo Sean Carroll. I look forward to watching more of your lectures. Astounding video! I learned a lot.
What a fantastic lecture, thank you
Thank you Sean. Some people who think about such things go nuts like me. It's really nice to hear someone talk on these things who has an excellent mind and a noble character.
Hahaha
He's got a noble character?
Based on what? Your intuition? Your long friendship? What an odd damn thing to say.
How in the hell can you know anything about his character, is he yor friend?
must be the gold ring….
@ Ted Bates. Gee wiz Ted, you were practically shot without a trial for thanking someone and adding a personal compliment born out of gratitude and how YOU perceived the man's character based on his presentation! It's obvious you ought to be flogged immediately for LEAPING to such conclusions! 😶 I thought I'd chose the only emoji I've ever seen that portrays NO emotions. Hope I'm not flogged along side the likes of you Ted! 🤣🤣🤣 I hope that emoji was the appropriate one that expresses my view on the way you were fired upon. Good on you Ted for saying what you did and I say that because I appreciate your commending the presenter and for your humility in saying you can go nuts sometimes making sense of this sometimes very puzzling subject. That was a bit long toothed BUT there you have it. Over a year has gone by since your comment but if you look to your left and down at about a 30% angle you might be able to see me waving to you on that space/time graph 😁! Cya!
Very nice presentation about the philosophical aspects of time. I am currently reading Einstein's book: "Über die spezielle und allgemeine Relativitätstheorie" which is for me as a German a very precious book because Einstein's carefully chosen words about time and space are of course a German that does not exist anymore. It's unbelievable how precisely Einstein can describe his thought experiments only by words with very few sketches. This approach is totally different to the visual world of today. Professor Caroll has the same talent to illustrate very abstract but "real" aspects of life only by his very well chosen English words and statements that only a native speaker can achieve. But I am very grateful as after war generationperson who raised up in an English affine environment that listening to him is like as if he spoke in German to me. Danke!
What does he mean when he says the past, the present and the future are all equally real? In the past he was a small boy. Is he saying that the small boy still exists? In the future he will be an old man, if he lives that long; is he saying that the old man exists now? If not what makes the past and the future as real as the present?
@@matthewphilip1977 he means everything that occupies space must travel through space time. If time didn’t exist nothing could move or decay, likewise time is a real construct that flows all particles through it
Time is like the measuring of changes between distance and events spawning from a sigularity; and consciousness is the recording of the disorder as it flows. Entropy must continue so the record is stored in created
consciousness (example :a cell carrying out a function. The cell each time coded to make less mistakes than the last. Like learning to not destroy itself after continual repeated failures) by dark energy and the information is then evolved and replicated
so that the samething does not infinity repeat. My perspective on the reality of the universe for everyone is different and subjective to that organism\being ,for an example. Scientist states that viruses, bacterias or cells are examples of living organisms that even live in our bodies and they carry out functions. Human beings also carry out functions; but we look at cells and viruses as a lesser life form of life. If there are advance
or higher forms of life, they can also measure us human beings and state also that we are a lower form of life just as human beings may observe an ant as a lower form of life. However, because of this an ant may not be important to us, but if you try to squash an insect it will try to flee and preserve it's life thus means it's life must mean something to itself; but not to us. Even blood cells defend themselves when under a threat just as we do, but is the life of one blood cell important to us? Is the life of a human being urgent to a tree which is also a living organism. Human beings are the main cost for the destruction of trees whichin they've been here before we we're in existence. So are trees a higher life form than us? A more advance and higher life form may look at a tree and say this tree is much more important than a human being because it sustains life on this planet but human beings destroy the planet with human helping technology (depending on their perspective). All of this said humans may not be as prominent as we think If we remember the laws of physics breaks down on a quantum level. There are lengths like the plank length that are so small that it can be compared to the scale of the universe. So doesn't this mean that being that small you are in a universe of its own , within another observable universe but only observable by our knowledge by humans. If this is so then there must be other places the laws of physics break down also. If it does for the extremely small why not for the extremely big? Who is big and small anyways? We are small to our planet but our planet is small to our sun. This can go on and on. We are the size of a universe to an atom in our body ,thus means also we are big. However, this happens to everything everywhere. If there is space that has particles, those particles may be within an atom, trillions of atoms are in a cell (more than stars in our solar system) whichin cells are IN our blood ( 37 trillion cells). Our blood in our organs and muscles which is within our bodies. Our bodies may be within a house which is within a constituency, which is within a town, which is within a city/state/island which is within a country which is in a continent which is within a planet, which is within a solar system, within a galaxy, within A super cluster, which is within Galactic walls which is within the Cosmic web . "Everything is 'WITHIN' " which The Cosmic web itself is 'within' The Universe WHICH is 'within' a bubble or phenomenon that we cannot see. "Everything is within" something. Hold just a minute here though! We cannot see someone waving at us from an airplane. We only see the construct of the landscape, not the entities within them. Or an ant from the top of a sky scrapper, neither can we see blood cells attacking viruses n vice versa. Which is evidence just because we cannot see oxygen or detect an atom WITHIN does not mean its not there. The human eye cannot see U V rays or even oxygen and we are surrounded by it. So this means the Laws of physics as we KNOW it only applies to our subjective and objective reality. If u step back and look at the universe . We will only see the Cosmic Web of everything. Which seems to be all touching and connecting. Not until we zoom In does things seem to seperate. Just like a cell that make up our skin. Or a dog standing on an island. From far we only see the landscape , but as we zoom in other entities become observable. Inturn becoming a noticeable part of your reality. Things like Dark matter plays not with Morden physics and we cannot see it but it must exist because of the forces that pulls galaxies together and dark energy pushing entropy without the universe collapsing. However back to the Cosmic web. From a far everything is connected, but if u go close or zoom more is revealed within. The universe itself may be 'within' a muti-verse , another unverse, a blackhole, a quantum computer simulation or even apart of another living organism body that seems infinity large. But as we are universal size to an atom the universe can be a drop in the ocean or space to a greater being which most earthly beings cannot fathom or even believe because it is beyond preposterous. Even if your human eyes can go in front of it is to large or small to amke out. You cant see a mountain top from the exact bottom. It is to high in the clouds. Thus u cannot see the universe from one end to the other. The universe legs may be to long (just a joke ) .Somewhat though these are very much what it seems for the great reality. As laws of physics break down at quantum levels, entanglments, singularities and so on. There are dimensions that we cannot see and cannot detect things like :(earthly terms, but they seem to have more meanings) Super positions, past , future, the unconscious, concious thought, different colors of light , pure and dark energy etc. Please excuse my long reply , but this is just a brief explanation of not an objective or subjective reality. Which is infallible, but of the asubjective existence which seems verisimilitude.
Wow! This is the best illustration of space time that I've ever heard. Most importantly I can actually follow and understand what he said! 🤩❤
He reminds me of an algebra instructor students lined up early to get for the semester. Even I got through the class with a good grade. However, I can't remember much, if any, of what I "learned".
Thank you Professor!
The man is wonderful to listen to.
"What is the meaning of Time?"
Life is time and time is life. We need it more than food or water but waste it just as readily. We buy it from others to save our own through employment or servitude. Just now, You gave me some of your precious time to read this just as I used my time to write this.
I now know that as much as science interests and amazes me especially astrophysics...astronomy...I will never fully grasp it, if I still mostly struggle even listening to Sean...still enjoyable..thanks for trying Sean Carrol...does anyone know anything that someone, who struggles like myself, could watch and maybe find easier to understand.
Eternalism - Where you know that all of your most embarrassing events in life are preserved forever.
This makes me feel so uncomfy right now :I I already have a hard time dealing with all the embarassing moments through out my life XD
and still I love the idea of Eternalism somehow...
Fml. 😂🤦♂️
Oh dear!
Well, in that case you were also always going to do those emparrassing things anyway, so nobody can actually blame you for it
@@pinesyeet Trrrrue.
Mind bending concept explained so eloquently and made so easy for a little brain like me to completely get it. LOVE YOU Sean Carroll
Nothing small about your mind. You have everything you need in it.
Thank you for the video. Here in New York City 7:38 a.m. Wednesday October 6th watching again, and I love the background cool pictures. So many philosophical answers about "what is time."
“The universe is both each frame of the movie and all the series of the frames together.”
When math becomes philosophy. Absolutely beautiful.
Wow, what a great lecture.
I agree with those commenters who say he communicates well. Easy to listen to.
Best understandable explanation
Very interesting lecture. No doubt, professor Sean Carroll is not only very knowledgeable but also talented to explain complicated things to others in a very simple and understandable way. I am very pleased people can learn from such events and hope they (lectures) will grow over time.
Too bad he promotes gay propaganda. Didn't do it in this vid though
@@Gian-niwhat
0:15 me, age 10, about to tell my mom I threw up in the middle of the night
OML same 😂😂😂
🤣🤣🤣
17:17 Imagine 2 billiard balls colliding in empty space.
The scene looks the same forwards and backwards.
Until you zoom in : then you see a hot-spot on each ball.
The hot-spot is a record (memory) of the collision.
That is what distinguishes past from future.
(As Sean Carroll just said)
If you run the film backwards, the heat in the balls would migrate to a spot
then vanish after the collision. This is an extremely unlikely scenario. But not impossible. However, the chances would be 2 to the power a trillion trillion.
Can you tell me how you arrived at that number??
As a non physicists(like myself), I really enjoyed this.
This is incredibly fascinating and easy to follow. Wow
I can't follow the other physics or science channels but professor Carroll is able to put himself in the shoes of people with mathematical talent. It's possible certain topics are so much only math that you can't explain them any simpler without getting very vague.
Here is what puzzles me about present time and how Time “flows”.
What is so special that I’m sensing present time right now? Is it like I’m alive and flowing on a Big Bang wave that is heading into the future with everybody else around me riding on it and experiencing?
But what about before I was even born?; “present time” was still there and existed for everyone else prior. A person from the 1970s for example was in the “present time” the same way as I am now writing this. It makes me want to think that time does not “flow” but everything that will happen is already written and the people who are alive right now are just experiencing it which in turn is relative to each person.
Are we riding in the Big Bang wave of time? I’m not sure about that since time is distorted with gravitational forces everywhere in the universe and where there’s a lot of gravitational force time can distort. What about planets or objects that are really close to a black hole of which distorts the fabric of spacetime? Probably for them, we are in the year 5061 while for us, we’re still in the year 2020.
The notion of time as well as consciousness is very confusing and hard to grasp from many point of views.
We all are given a short time to find something or someone. Some find it right away while others never find that something or someone but we all have a chance.
@ *Ted Bates*
The chance being the quantum mechanical probability of the shrodinger’s cat.
This chap explains things brilliantly , well interesting , fascinating , great stuff 🙂
Thank you , David!
Time is like the measuring of changes between distance and events spawning from a sigularity; and consciousness is the recording of the disorder as it flows. Entropy must continue so the record is stored in created
consciousness (example :a cell carrying out a function. The cell each time coded to make less mistakes than the last. Like learning to not destroy itself after continual repeated failures) by dark energy and the information is then evolved and replicated
so that the samething does not infinity repeat. My perspective on the reality of the universe for everyone is different and subjective to that organism\being ,for an example. Scientist states that viruses, bacterias or cells are examples of living organisms that even live in our bodies and they carry out functions. Human beings also carry out functions; but we look at cells and viruses as a lesser life form of life. If there are advance
or higher forms of life, they can also measure us human beings and state also that we are a lower form of life just as human beings may observe an ant as a lower form of life. However, because of this an ant may not be important to us, but if you try to squash an insect it will try to flee and preserve it's life thus means it's life must mean something to itself; but not to us. Even blood cells defend themselves when under a threat just as we do, but is the life of one blood cell important to us? Is the life of a human being urgent to a tree which is also a living organism. Human beings are the main cost for the destruction of trees whichin they've been here before we we're in existence. So are trees a higher life form than us? A more advance and higher life form may look at a tree and say this tree is much more important than a human being because it sustains life on this planet but human beings destroy the planet with human helping technology (depending on their perspective). All of this said humans may not be as prominent as we think If we remember the laws of physics breaks down on a quantum level. There are lengths like the plank length that are so small that it can be compared to the scale of the universe. So doesn't this mean that being that small you are in a universe of its own , within another observable universe but only observable by our knowledge by humans. If this is so then there must be other places the laws of physics break down also. If it does for the extremely small why not for the extremely big? Who is big and small anyways? We are small to our planet but our planet is small to our sun. This can go on and on. We are the size of a universe to an atom in our body ,thus means also we are big. However, this happens to everything everywhere. If there is space that has particles, those particles may be within an atom, trillions of atoms are in a cell (more than stars in our solar system) whichin cells are IN our blood ( 37 trillion cells). Our blood in our organs and muscles which is within our bodies. Our bodies may be within a house which is within a constituency, which is within a town, which is within a city/state/island which is within a country which is in a continent which is within a planet, which is within a solar system, within a galaxy, within A super cluster, which is within Galactic walls which is within the Cosmic web . "Everything is 'WITHIN' " which The Cosmic web itself is 'within' The Universe WHICH is 'within' a bubble or phenomenon that we cannot see. "Everything is within" something. Hold just a minute here though! We cannot see someone waving at us from an airplane. We only see the construct of the landscape, not the entities within them. Or an ant from the top of a sky scrapper, neither can we see blood cells attacking viruses n vice versa. Which is evidence just because we cannot see oxygen or detect an atom WITHIN does not mean its not there. The human eye cannot see U V rays or even oxygen and we are surrounded by it. So this means the Laws of physics as we KNOW it only applies to our subjective and objective reality. If u step back and look at the universe . We will only see the Cosmic Web of everything. Which seems to be all touching and connecting. Not until we zoom In does things seem to seperate. Just like a cell that make up our skin. Or a dog standing on an island. From far we only see the landscape , but as we zoom in other entities become observable. Inturn becoming a noticeable part of your reality. Things like Dark matter plays not with Morden physics and we cannot see it but it must exist because of the forces that pulls galaxies together and dark energy pushing entropy without the universe collapsing. However back to the Cosmic web. From a far everything is connected, but if u go close or zoom more is revealed within. The universe itself may be 'within' a muti-verse , another unverse, a blackhole, a quantum computer simulation or even apart of another living organism body that seems infinity large. But as we are universal size to an atom the universe can be a drop in the ocean or space to a greater being which most earthly beings cannot fathom or even believe because it is beyond preposterous. Even if your human eyes can go in front of it is to large or small to amke out. You cant see a mountain top from the exact bottom. It is to high in the clouds. Thus u cannot see the universe from one end to the other. The universe legs may be to long (just a joke ) .Somewhat though these are very much what it seems for the great reality. As laws of physics break down at quantum levels, entanglments, singularities and so on. There are dimensions that we cannot see and cannot detect things like :(earthly terms, but they seem to have more meanings) Super positions, past , future, the unconscious, concious thought, different colors of light , pure and dark energy etc. Please excuse my long reply , but this is just a brief explanation of not an objective or subjective reality. Which is infallible, but of the asubjective existence which seems verisimilitude.
Existence is nothing other than a flipbook.
Already drawn from beginning to the end. It is very simple.
Better than a flipbook, think of it as a sculpture, where events unravel from the bottom of the sculpture all the way to the top. Yet the sculpture is static.
Our consciousness arises when particle X in our brain, at one slice of the sculpture, appear at point A, and in the next slice of sculpture, appears at point B.
This gives rise to our consciousness and to the illusion that there is a past, present and a future unfolding.
Fascinating. I always considered the question of what is time to be the greatest of all mysteries. On the one hand, time, in its most superficial sense, is nothing but the measure of change. The minute hand of a clock is at 12, then is at 3. A billiard ball that was a foot away from the left corner pocket is now in the pocket. I was young yesterday; I am old and gray today. On the other hand, there can be no change -- the clock hand cannot move, the billiard ball cannot roll and my appearance cannot alter, unless there is time. Nothing can "happen" outside of time. So then, is time emergent as the manifestation of relationship dynamics among things, or is it fundamental and a priori? I tend to think the latter. Therein lies the profundity of the mystery that present science cannot answer.
Fred Alan Wolf has an answer. See clip on TH-cam: "Is time travel possible?"
i don't think time is a priori . imagine a place where is no phenomenon, no movement , no chemical changes , no matter , just space and time . is there time in such situation ? there is no change to measure so there is no time. time is present because there is change and time is measure of that change ,
I like the thought you put into this. I read what you wrote and thought myself what if we were one dimensional creatures within the time field. Space has 3 dimensions that we can experience, why couldnt time also have 3 dimensions that arent apparent to us. A one space dimensional being would see items appear and disappear within their point of space and it would be normal, just like we see the future appear and the past disappear as normal. Just a thought I had when I read your comment.
One thing I've always found fascinating is the notion that there are no events, just arbitrary points of perception labeling a this versus a that, or a now versus a then.
I've thought about some of the issues that Dr. Sean Carroll discusses in this video. I'm nearly 80 years of age, during which time I've thought a great deal about them. Dr. Carroll's assertion that we experience the present moment as "real" is not the way I experience the present time. I've come to believe that our experiences are conditioned by how we are constructed by reality; namely, the way our brains function to construct the present time. I agree with Kant and Schopenhauer et al., insofar as the world we experience is incontrovertibly due to our brains experiencing space, time, and causality a priori. That is, space, time and causality are a single structure upon which we drape our experiences, both "inner" and "outer" experiences. As a result of my own thinking about these matters for many decades, I experience the present as both a real and an imagined reality simultaneously. Thus, I don't experience the present as merely "real", but rather as miraculous. We can come to no definite conclusion about the constitution of the self, nor can we about the constitution of space-time, but we can experience the miraculous continuously, and that is not inconvenient for me.
First time seeing this video, and I got to say, I’m not very smart like college level or anything like that, but I always been a sucker for un-answered questioning and you just made my brain do BAM! This explains a lot
Ask yourself: "How do I experience time?" On any view time is a wholly subjective experience. What else could it be but a word that conveys one or another experience?
Rather obviously " the universe" - like any other universal, is imaginary in that it cannot be directly immediately personally experienced *A* "the universe" which is a vague unfocused idea - and no more than an idea
Here's my take on it-
We know that everything in the universe moves from low to high entropy(that's just how it works). Time is just the measure of the rate at which this happens and since we are all subject to it, we accept it as time. This predicts that time may have never existed before the bigbang because there probably was nothing to move from low to high entropy.
except that one infinitely dense speck, no?
@andrew gallovich i think that's the entire debate, whether space/time is primal or not. I see both sides, they both make good points but theyre also both severely lacking in evidence. Its mostly just philosophy anyways
Space matter and energy exist. Time does not. Time is only a perception. It is a measurement we take of the energy and matter in space. Very simple.
@@stevenash9282
Infinite Density = Absence of Matter
*" 'Time', he said, 'is what keeps everything from happening at once' ."*
*Ray Cummings: The Girl in the Golden Atom, 1922*
golden86 “You cannot enter the same river twice, because it is not the same river or the man.” Heraclitus.
Great quote about time. Still, time and dimensiions are physical allusions created by our brain. A more realistic model of the world is to consider it from the perspective of patterns of energy. The solar system, for example, is a stable space-time pattern of energy. Consider it, for example, as a single material object., like an atom or a clock. But time is not an independent entity, it does not exist without spatial movement (like Sean moving his hands). What we misinterpret as "real" time, e.g. the passage of time, depends on our memory - it is a psychological process. We compare our "present" with our memories automatically, and realize they are not the same. Our brain generates the concept of time to account for the psychological discrepancy - it is generated by our brain to explain why we are not now where were a few seconds ago.
@@thomassoliton1482 the last bit of your comment is rather poignant.
Mindstorms44 Firesign Theater: "How can you be in two places at once, when you're not anywhere at all?"
golden86 the presupposes the natural phenomenology of time.
Fantastic lecture!
Very nice thinking and idea.
Thank a lot.👍👍👍💪💪💪❤
Wonderful lecture I must say!
This was a truly great lecture, which certainly opened my eyes to a few aspects about time which I was wrong about.
The only thing is that time is always described as something that passes us by at a particular rate which depends on where you are and how fast you are travelling. The reality is that time itself does not 'flow'. Moreover, it is like space in that we travel through it. The difference is that we can travel through space in any direction but we can only travel through time in one direction, albeit at different speeds. What the human mind finds hard to accept is that time is not a fundamental unit of the universe but speed is. We see speed as a construct of distance divided by time but the truth is that time is a construct of distance divided by speed, where distance and speed are the fundamental units, not time.
So if you stand still then time doesn't elapse?
It is impossible to 'stand still' in this universe. You are always on the move relative to another observer, and that means on the move through time as well as space.
@@spyrosspyrou5809 Please help me understand if I got the point correctly. I am not a physicist nor very well educated on such issues. I am just trying to understand the basics... Time is not fundamental since it is created due to the expansion of the universe? Time was born with the big bang and for as long as the space created expands, we experience a linear progression of time towards a specific direction? So Is time a byproduct of space creation?
@@kdawgg83 impossible to stand still. Where could you find a place where you are standing still?
@@spyrosspyrou5809 Also, the element of entropy
Love it! Fantastic explanation with simple examples.
Time is like the measuring of changes between distance and events spawning from a sigularity; and consciousness is the recording of the disorder as it flows. Entropy must continue so the record is stored in created
consciousness (example :a cell carrying out a function. The cell each time coded to make less mistakes than the last. Like learning to not destroy itself after continual repeated failures) by dark energy and the information is then evolved and replicated
so that the samething does not infinity repeat. My perspective on the reality of the universe for everyone is different and subjective to that organism\being ,for an example. Scientist states that viruses, bacterias or cells are examples of living organisms that even live in our bodies and they carry out functions. Human beings also carry out functions; but we look at cells and viruses as a lesser life form of life. If there are advance
or higher forms of life, they can also measure us human beings and state also that we are a lower form of life just as human beings may observe an ant as a lower form of life. However, because of this an ant may not be important to us, but if you try to squash an insect it will try to flee and preserve it's life thus means it's life must mean something to itself; but not to us. Even blood cells defend themselves when under a threat just as we do, but is the life of one blood cell important to us? Is the life of a human being urgent to a tree which is also a living organism. Human beings are the main cost for the destruction of trees whichin they've been here before we we're in existence. So are trees a higher life form than us? A more advance and higher life form may look at a tree and say this tree is much more important than a human being because it sustains life on this planet but human beings destroy the planet with human helping technology (depending on their perspective). All of this said humans may not be as prominent as we think If we remember the laws of physics breaks down on a quantum level. There are lengths like the plank length that are so small that it can be compared to the scale of the universe. So doesn't this mean that being that small you are in a universe of its own , within another observable universe but only observable by our knowledge by humans. If this is so then there must be other places the laws of physics break down also. If it does for the extremely small why not for the extremely big? Who is big and small anyways? We are small to our planet but our planet is small to our sun. This can go on and on. We are the size of a universe to an atom in our body ,thus means also we are big. However, this happens to everything everywhere. If there is space that has particles, those particles may be within an atom, trillions of atoms are in a cell (more than stars in our solar system) whichin cells are IN our blood ( 37 trillion cells). Our blood in our organs and muscles which is within our bodies. Our bodies may be within a house which is within a constituency, which is within a town, which is within a city/state/island which is within a country which is in a continent which is within a planet, which is within a solar system, within a galaxy, within A super cluster, which is within Galactic walls which is within the Cosmic web . "Everything is 'WITHIN' " which The Cosmic web itself is 'within' The Universe WHICH is 'within' a bubble or phenomenon that we cannot see. "Everything is within" something. Hold just a minute here though! We cannot see someone waving at us from an airplane. We only see the construct of the landscape, not the entities within them. Or an ant from the top of a sky scrapper, neither can we see blood cells attacking viruses n vice versa. Which is evidence just because we cannot see oxygen or detect an atom WITHIN does not mean its not there. The human eye cannot see U V rays or even oxygen and we are surrounded by it. So this means the Laws of physics as we KNOW it only applies to our subjective and objective reality. If u step back and look at the universe . We will only see the Cosmic Web of everything. Which seems to be all touching and connecting. Not until we zoom In does things seem to seperate. Just like a cell that make up our skin. Or a dog standing on an island. From far we only see the landscape , but as we zoom in other entities become observable. Inturn becoming a noticeable part of your reality. Things like Dark matter plays not with Morden physics and we cannot see it but it must exist because of the forces that pulls galaxies together and dark energy pushing entropy without the universe collapsing. However back to the Cosmic web. From a far everything is connected, but if u go close or zoom more is revealed within. The universe itself may be 'within' a muti-verse , another unverse, a blackhole, a quantum computer simulation or even apart of another living organism body that seems infinity large. But as we are universal size to an atom the universe can be a drop in the ocean or space to a greater being which most earthly beings cannot fathom or even believe because it is beyond preposterous. Even if your human eyes can go in front of it is to large or small to amke out. You cant see a mountain top from the exact bottom. It is to high in the clouds. Thus u cannot see the universe from one end to the other. The universe legs may be to long (just a joke ) .Somewhat though these are very much what it seems for the great reality. As laws of physics break down at quantum levels, entanglments, singularities and so on. There are dimensions that we cannot see and cannot detect things like :(earthly terms, but they seem to have more meanings) Super positions, past , future, the unconscious, concious thought, different colors of light , pure and dark energy etc. Please excuse my long reply , but this is just a brief explanation of not an objective or subjective reality. Which is infallible, but of the asubjective existence which seems verisimilitude.
Time is something that cannot be regained by anyone whether he is rich or poor.
But many of us don’t value it. At Least try to spend it worthfully going forward by knowing the meaning of it from this video.
Finally. Someone gets it that the watch is the SAME SPEED when you are observing it yourself on board a spaceship travelling fast. So many people think the on board clock runs differently.
Thanks to prof Carroll for yet another very interesting lecture.
Hello Lorne. Thank you so much for your kind feedback! We pride ourselves on our professors and are very glad you´re enjoying our offerings. Thanks for being a fan!
Consciousness makes the flip book activate into motion. It’s just multiple moments like pictures being put into motion.
Thanks a lot dear ....for such an amazing exploration of time
I love watching stuff like this high
Dr. Carroll is such a pleasure to listen to. I have seen him on many documentaries.
Did you guys see that all 13 different time pieces on the set were set at different times??
I noticed the discrepancies between most of the clocks, too.
I often consider the movement of time is related to a “time field” which matters that have time sensitivity, such as consciousness, move through it according to the field guide direction. The speed the consciousness move through time depends on the contents of the matters. Similar to mass moving through space according to gravitational field. Of course this may only belong to science fiction. Even though we now consider space-time together, certain field could have effect only on part of the property of space-time.
Say what?! 😂😂😂
Thank you!
Time heals 😘👍
Thanks the time, now time to thanks this knowledge
I took a picture of rain on a hand rail years ago. the Boka effect of soft focus in the close area, sharp focus in the fore ground and further forward it became more and more out of focus. I ultimately renamed the photo, "Time-line", because of how close to your past things are fading from your memories while in the present things are in sharp focus. The further forward you looked the more defocused and darker was the future.
Time has no reality. It’s a construct of the human mind made so that our lives and the universe can be described. It is always the present.
Epic set. Nice touch with the clocks
A model of clarity, without compromising on scientific accuracy
I don't know how Sean even sleeps at night. His brain never stops
"Time... can be a cruel mistress. In its relentless march forward, it robs each of us of many things. Moments, experiences, people. Time can take them all from us, in an instant. Such things are gone forever, unless they live on within our hearts, our minds, our memories. For all its cruelty, time can also be a great teacher. Through the changes left behind in its wake, we can learn, we can grow, we can come to understand those truths that have eluded us in the past. Only then can we truly understand ourselves."
Beautiful
I love the introduction. Brilliant
i love these programs
the present is the future of the past😅
To me, time is simply the change in the state of the universe.
Good question👌
Bearing in mind I am not a educated person, I am simply stating my opinion to add to the debate 🙈
Mr Einstein, Niels Bore, Richard feynman and others accept the theory of general relativity as a good (ish) model of how things work. Please look to them for an educated answer.
That said 😁
Imagine the pre-Big Bang cosmos is a 28 (arbitory number) dimensional construct, in which all points are the same point (therefore no size and infinite size). Something within the construct changed ( I have seen a suggestion the speed of light could have changed slightly), triggering entropic deconstruction, triggering the big bang and our universe came into existence. Puff and there was light as the gods might have said 😁
We now know that the universe after the Big Bang was not uniform, areas of more and less energy. Further, when we look at distant objects we can see there are variations in the speed of light that must be taken into account in our observations. This suggests (to me) that the fabric of our universe has ripples like water, but in energy density. A Galaxy, for example, has an effect (we call Gravity) that is Inversely proportional to its energy density (mass).
To go back to your question:
Say we had two spaceships parked next to each other and each of us had a super accurate clock (our way of defining the changing state of the universe at our location). Then you sped off at close to the speed of light and I stayed still for a period of one year relative to me. We know from experiment that our clocks would show a difference when you came back to my location and speed. The rate of change of the universe was slower for you at high speed. Inside your space ship everything would seem ‘normal’ but outside it the rate of change would be different relative to the local energy density. If it were possible for me to look through the window of your spaceship, while your are travelling at high speed, I would ‘observe’ the interior as being stationary. You would observe the universe changing at a dizzying rate.
I would agree sir.
I am wondering now what is even the (theoretical ) difference between moving through adjacent parallel universes ( like in the string multiverse) and moving through time. There is a clear direction but that could be the result of having always more worlds with more entropy to step into. A straight line is even not needed since the trajectory will always be logical. I admit that this idea is perhaps contradicted by the smooth, non discrete nature of time. And the question might come up if moving through space then, can also not be seen as a movement through adjacent parallel universes.
Streamed this before, and enjoyed it. Will watch again 🌌💭⏳🌟📗 7:33
Mind blowing video sir 🤩
I'm sure I read somewhere once that time is effectively another manifestation of the force of gravity. Moving forward in time is traveling along the curvature of space-time effectively propelled by that same force. The constant which governs the predictable speed at which we do that is the same constant which governs the speed of light - meaning if you were to simulate our universe and only change that one constant, you would also change the speed of time. Does that ring any bells for anyone else?
Think about what it would mean for "moving forward in time" to just be shorthand for "traveling along the gravitationally induced curvature of spacetime". That would insinuate that time, itself, is actually created in discreet quantities by gravitational fields, and the more gravity there is, the more time there is. I.E. you get close to a singularity, you have to literally travel through more time to get anywhere. While it makes sense and seems to track with (at least my own understanding of how GR works), I think there is something fundamentally broken about that causal relationship. IMO, gravity does not cause time or spacetime curvature, it's the other way around - Time causes the curvature of space, which we call "gravity". I know it sounds like the same thing, but I think the distinction is important. I personally think Time is literally the only fundamental force in the universe, and all others are emergent phenomena. Anybody else wanna throw in an opinion/argument here?
Yes! Time is gravity made physical!
I love the 'subtle' theme of time being hinted at by the conservative use of clock props
Thanks!!! Mr. Carroll ! greetings from Santiago Chile 🇨🇱 at 11am o’clock more and less 😊Excellent reflection about 🕰 time 👏🏼👏🏼👏🏼
Our feelings and behaviour to eachother shapes our future for each of us.
Mats Borgkvist says:
It only applies to those who have such a notion of what time is. For my part, I mean that Professor Sean Carroll has confused the word time with the word duration and aging. Because I have no problem with time, as it is 'up to me' to choose which times I want to travel in, because it is I who chooses the time form I want to be in, which everyone can do and has done since time immemorial by choosing which verb form we should add our verb to the event in our languages that indicates in what time we want to be in. It is thus easier to determine the time to travel to than to get to places. I have a hard time keeping up with the professor because I can go as fast and far as I like without any problems. The problem is that knowledge as a sect has kidnapped the word time from our human languages and given the word a completely different meaning than the original, the one who does things and according to our intellectual property can not make clocks, namely measure time and own it with a stolen word that we humans exclusively already own by tradition but Galileo and Newton and Einstein have managed to push away with their original meaning when they together committed the copyright infringement in Pisa in 1610 and the rest of us let it be accepted by church opponents who should have known better than that be seduced by a Protestant mob. This in respond to the professor Sean Carroll's statement:
”We move through space as we like, we can choose to go to some other location in space, we can’t choose to go to some other location in time, we inevitably move through time at the rate of one second per second. Time is relentless whereas space is sort of ’up to us’ how to move in it. That gives us a certain perspective on what the world is.”
He is awesome!
I'll admit that I found the 'sesame Street' level set design a bit of a distraction. But I honestly loved that they took the time and effort with it. An awesome vid. 😊♥️
I refered to Buddihist philosophy Sir.It really was helpful not only to map out the Universe but find your own self within.
I first heard about Sean when I watched Joe Rogan. He's amazingly good at explaining very complex stuff for dummies like me
Thank you. Decent lecture. What was not addressed was the connection between time and consciousness. When can only perceive things within a stream. Your lecture for example. If we had a more expensive consciousness and a more efficient language we could perceive all of your lecture in a shorter time. So time and consciousness are directly connected. Eternalism is not feasible given our current state of consciousness.
Presentism, arguably, is a subjective understanding of time, while eternalism is an objective one.
@@aunri
Presentism is material. Eternalism is immaterial. A material reality is contingent upon an immaterial reality.
I never heard a very good explanation about the relation beetwen space and the time , and how these caracteristics behave itself one to another , i am impressive , pretty good job teacher Sean carroll !!
Hi Bruno, thank you so much for your kind feedback! We truly pride ourselves on our professors and the depth of our content and are very glad you're enjoying our offerings. Thanks for being a fan!
@@Wondrium that's really my pleasure .
I tested pausing the video for a few seconds and then restarting it, thus temporarily "stopping time" in Sean's universe. True enough, he wasn't even able to detect that time had stopped.
"It always is good to go back to what clocks do."
-Professor Sean Carroll 2018
reikimonster - sure. But time still exists even if every clock stopped working.
@@dsbiddle oh...kay?
I am interested in the future as that is where I intend to live for the rest of my life.
I could listen to this dude all day.
Great explanation