What is Relativity? | Sean Carroll on Einstein's View of Time and Space
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According to Einstein's special theory of relativity, there is no such thing as a moment in time spread throughout the universe. Instead, time is one of four dimensions in spacetime. Learn how this "relative" view of time is usefully diagramed with light cones, representing the past and future.
From the series: Mysteries of Modern Physics: Time
www.wondrium.com/youtube/myst...
0:00 Understanding Cosmology, Gravity, and Relativity
1:00 Taking a Four-Dimensional Viewpoint of Relativity
2:15 Moving Into a Space-Time View of Reality
3:40 Differences Between a Newtonian and Einsteinian View of the Universe
4:45 The Notion of Simultaneity
5:55 Einstein’s Clocks, Poincaré’s Maps by Peter Galison
6:05 Recurrence Theorem
8:00 Einstein's Clock Patents
8:45 Constructing the Present Moment
10:40 Why Space-Time Is Relative
14:00 What is a Muon?
15:00 Carl Anderson Discovers Muons
15:50 Why Do the Muons Reach Us Before Decaying?
18:30 Einstein's Notion of Time as Personal
20:30 What Are Light Cones?
24:20 Time Dilation and Length Contraction
27:00 How Einstein Conceptualizes Space-Time
28:00 Newtonian Rule for Time Travel
28:45 Implications of Relativity
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#physics #theoryofrelativity #Einstein
I like how Sean Carroll explains these complex ideas in a way that is well within reach of the minds of non-physicists. Well done sir.
Him and brian Greene are the most understandable lecturers I’ve watched
@@ManorexicPanda THE CLEAR, INTEGRATED, EXTENSIVE, LOGICAL, BALANCED, AND MATHEMATICAL PROOF THAT ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity:
Consider what is E=MC2. TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE. The MIDDLE DISTANCE in/of SPACE AND the full distance in/of SPACE are CLEARLY linked AND BALANCED opposites (ON BALANCE), AS c squared CLEARLY represents a dimension of SPACE (ON BALANCE); AS the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky ON BALANCE. This CLEARLY explains and proves TIME dilation AND what is the fourth dimension. CLEARLY, gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites (ON BALANCE); AS the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE). Notice what is the TRANSLUCENT blue sky ON BALANCE in relation to what is THE EYE. What are OBJECTS may fall at the SAME RATE in order to VANISH as part of what is THE EARTH/ground (ON BALANCE). TIME dilation CLEARLY proves that what is E=MC2 is CLEARLY in FULL accordance with TIME AND the fact that ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity, AS the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky ON BALANCE. (Indeed, TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE). Notice what is the orange (AND SETTING) SUN in what constitutes direct comparison WITH what is the FULLY ILLUMINATED (AND SETTING WHITE) MOON. (They are the SAME SIZE as what is THE EYE, AS the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON then matches it's revolution; AS gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent WITH what is E=MC2, TIME, AND what is THE EYE ON BALANCE.) Consider what is the man (AND THE EYE ON BALANCE) who IS standing on what is THE EARTH/ground. TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE. LOOK directly overhead at what is the BLUE AND TRANSLUCENT sky. (Consider what is invisible AND VISIBLE SPACE in fundamental equilibrium AND BALANCE.) NOW, lava is orange; AND it is even blood red. Excellent. ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE) pursuant to what are E=MC2 AND TIME. Accordingly, ON BALANCE, the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches it's revolution; AND the cosmological redshift proves that ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity; AS the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky ON BALANCE. (Consider TIME AND TIME dilation ON BALANCE, AS E=MC2 is taken directly from F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity ON/IN BALANCE). INDEED, GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY is proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE; AND “mass"/ENERGY involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent with/as what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/ENERGY; AND gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent WITH E=MC2 AND TIME. This CLEARLY explains and proves what is the fourth dimension. I have also CLEARLY explained (ON BALANCE) why THE PLANETS move away very, very, very, very slightly in relation to WHAT IS THE SUN, AND I have CLEARLY explained ON BALANCE why the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches it's revolution. ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY (AND NECESSARILY) proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE). (BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand.) Excellent. The INTEGRATED EXTENSIVENESS of THOUGHT AND description is improved in the truly superior mind. Again, consider what is the BALANCED MIDDLE DISTANCE in/of SPACE (ON BALANCE) in accordance WITH WHAT IS E=MC2 AND TIME; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE); AS c squared CLEARLY represents a dimension of SPACE ON BALANCE !!! Indeed, now consider what is THE EYE. It ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense ON BALANCE. Magnificent !!!
By Frank DiMeglio
Distance traveled = speed x time...light distance traveled for the light = speed of light x zero time = no distance traveled as far as the light itself is concerned...?
Well within reach, lol.
I second that! It's encouraged me to do more of the same, I'm gonna hit the like button.
I always thought Sean Carroll was one of the best science communicators. Great to see him in his element like this
It is always a joy to watch and listen to professor Carroll. Complicated concepts are clearly explained and visualized. Thanks for this very informative lecture.
I like him above all others, too, when it comes to explaining complex things. I like Carl Sagan the most, if we included past scientists as well when it comes to "who's better" at explaining complex science and scientific ideas to folks.
Anyway, it always bothers me, though, when people like Sagan, Carroll et al fall into the same unscientific trap of saying "regardless how fast you're going, even if you're going at 200,000 miles per second ---- this is a SUBJUNCTIVE or IMPOSSIBLE situation ---- light is still traveling at 300,000 miles per second with respect to you." Okay, even that is true... and it likely is true.... it still doesn't mean the "speed of light is absolute to all other moving" things or particles. More accurately, photons speed is "absolute to all other moving OBJECTS;" but it is NOT absolute speed (by which we mean it always passes by all other moving particles at the speed of light, regardless how fast other particles travels.
THAT is clearly mathematically and logically insupportable. Muons are not photons. Nor are electrons. Nor protons. They are moving close to the speed of photons/light or can be made to do so, by powerful apparatuses like giant magnets. It is not attainable to say even if "you" (a muon or one of the protons accelerated by the Large Hadron Collider) travel at, say, 99.9999991% the speed of light... that like would come passing you by at a speed of 300,000 meters per second.... like you, that muon or protons being accelerated at that large machine.
If moving at 99.9999991% the speed of light is still ZERO relatively to like moving at a snail's pace, with respect to light, then there is no reason to do any experiment, to get some particle, other than photons, to move at 99.9999991% the speed of photons!
But when you're moving at 99.9999991% at the speed of light, as a muon or accelerated proton ---- AND THIS IS REAL, NOT A SUBJUNCTIVE situation as noted above, in terms of a classical, large object being erroneously hypothesized as being able to move at 200,000 meters per second --- "you" ARE moving virtually as fast as light & "relativity" (or a certain natural or cosmic reality or property) starts to come into play, for "you" ... like it is for pure photons.... so to say regardless how fast "you" move, light moves at 300,000 meters per second with respect to "you" IS OBVIOUSLY not right....
@@kiabtoomlauj6249 WHY AND HOW GRAVITY AND TWO DIMENSIONAL SPACE ARE CONSISTENT WITH WHAT IS E=MC2:
E=MC2 is taken directly from F=ma. TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE) !!! The TRANSLUCENT blue sky is manifest as (or consistent with/as) what is BALANCED BODILY/VISUAL EXPERIENCE. Accordingly, ON BALANCE, the TRANSLUCENT blue sky is true/real QUANTUM GRAVITY !!!! THINK !!! ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE). Accordingly, ON BALANCE, the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches the revolution. Importantly, what is GRAVITY is an INTERACTION that cannot be shielded (or blocked) ON BALANCE. Great. You didn't forget to consider what is the orange (AND setting) Sun ON BALANCE, did you !!!!? Magnificent. I have FUNDAMENTALLY and truly revolutionized physics. (Lava is orange, AND it is even blood red.) GREAT !!!! Obviously, carefully and CLEARLY consider what is THE EYE ON BALANCE, as it ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense ON BALANCE !!! (BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand.). Fantastic !!! The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. What is E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent !!! The density of what is THE SUN is then necessarily about ONE QUARTER of that of what is THE EARTH !!! INDEED, notice what is the fully illuminated (AND setting/WHITE) MOON ON BALANCE !!!! What is E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent !!!! Indeed, TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE) !!! CLEAR water comes from what is THE EYE ON BALANCE !!! Excellent. Think.
By Frank Martin DiMeglio
Amazing lecture
This man has a wonderful voice
I don't really care for Great Courses. Just clicked for our boi younger Sean Carroll
Yeah me too
Well said mate
@@thishandleistacken and @X95 23 A few things - I think the obvious thing that many people will agree with me that something like Great Courses provides less benefit for the cost considering how many university level courses are uploaded for free these days - or even that Sean Carroll himself on his own time uploaded an excellent key ideas series on his own channel that covers a lot of the same topics.
Next, the aesthetics are ugly. I'm just gonna say it, I hate the interior design of the room, Sean's stereotypical professor look in this, and the graphics used in the video. Just using a blackboard or screen-sharing a tablet I think is more effective and looks better (I know you we didn't have mass market tablets when this was filmed).
Finally, and this is less obvious, if I'm paying for physics content at the high prices offered by great courses, my expectation is that it should be technical - with worked examples of calculations or proofs - and the benefit for course-length series with this format is pretty marginal imo and I have to admit having been in the category of people much earlier in my life sort of duped into thinking they know science because they read the popular books and the high prices of Great Courses would've add to this effect. It's not that this sort of content has no place, but great-courses style content seems like something from another era when we literally only had university courses and science channel documentaries - where the only benefit to it in 2021 is at least I can trust that it's curated. Where I give Sean Carroll credit for is his ability to do an incredible job of mapping ideas you generally learn from the math onto the English language - and these days he does it for free on TH-cam and his podcast - and I'm glad that a big chunk of his career has been turned towards inspiring people to study physics.
Kkkkk.... He is an intelligent scientist,peoples!
Thank you for your feedback. We will share this with our team.
Awesome explanation! And the way speaks is so clear! Thoroghly enjoyed this lecture
Great job explaining complicated material!
I find it interesting that our modern model of (space-) time, with its forward and backward looking light cones, looks so similar to one of our oldest timekeeping devices, an hourglass
prof. Carroll is phenomenal
That was really a great lecture to watch. I got my own CONE out of intuition. LOL. Joke aside, To grasp such an idea of spacetime isn't easy as you might think ,but Mr. Carroll nailed it. Thank you sir.
So many of these kind of. Vids yet this one, actually explains things in the most wonderful
way, I'm impressed and grateful
Thank you, Marek, we are happy to hear your feedback.
@@Wondrium WHY E=MC2 AS F=MA NECESSARILY AND FUNDAMENTALLY IS A SURFACE (AND SPACE) THAT IS ESSENTIALLY TWO DIMENSIONAL AS WELL (ON BALANCE):
E=mc2 IS F=ma. Is a two dimensional surface or SPACE VISIBLE or invisible ? The answer is that it is BOTH (IN BALANCE) AS invisible AND VISIBLE SPACE. I have now explained why the electron AND the photon are NECESSARILY structureless IN BALANCE in accordance with the fact that E=mc2 IS F=ma, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. The EARTH is ALSO BLUE, AND the sky is blue. NOW, THE DOME of a person's EYE is ALSO VISIBLE SPACE. (Notice the flat AND black space of what is THE EYE.) Again, the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. GREAT. Gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY; AS E=MC2 IS F=MA. Great. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. Hence, WHAT IS the Earth is the linked AND BALANCED opposite in relation to WHAT IS the Sun ON BALANCE; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. GREAT. I have CLEARLY explained c4 from Einstein's field equations, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AND I have mathematically unified physics. "Mass"/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=mc2 IS F=ma. INSTANTANEITY is thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper UNDERSTANDING of physics/physical experience. (Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black.) BALANCE and completeness go hand in hand. E=mc2 IS F=ma. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY.
TIME DILATION ultimately proves (ON BALANCE) that E=mc2 IS F=ma, as ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. (Importantly, balance and completeness go hand in hand.) The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. NOW, A PHOTON may be placed at the center of WHAT IS THE SUN (as A POINT, of course); AS the reduction of SPACE is offset by (or BALANCED with) the speed of light (c); AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Indeed, ultimately and truly, TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE; AS E=MC2 IS F=MA; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black. GREAT. Accordingly, INSTANTANEITY is thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper UNDERSTANDING of physics/PHYSICAL EXPERIENCE; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. It ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. E=mc2 IS F=ma. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=MC2 IS F=MA. GREAT !!!
GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. It is all CLEARLY proven !!!!!!!! TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE, AS E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. GREAT !!!!!!!! BALANCE and completeness go hand in hand. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. It is all CLEARLY and truly proven !!!!!!!! Accordingly, the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches it's revolution. E=mc2 IS F=ma.
By Frank DiMeglio
Einstein's GR was recently expressed classically through elementary potential, read: Einstein’s General Relativity Becomes Elementary in 2024
Sean always crushes a good lecture
Excellent lecture, thank you!
The man from UNCLE?
I now know that as much as science interests and amazes me especially astrophysics...astronomy...I will never fully grasp it, if I still mostly struggle even listening to Sean...still enjoyable..thanks for trying Sean Carrol...does anyone know anything that someone, who struggles like myself, could watch and maybe find easier to understand.
Really very helpful to understand time... his explanation is very precise and even a layman can also understand the concept and importance of relativity and time
Please understand that time does not move...but the other way around. Understand that TIME is a quantity, an artifact of Being that also has 3 dimensions. But I'm not going to argue for the next 20 years whether or not it has 3 dimensions. One dimension is enough to understand. Only when an object moves on that dimension (e.g. the Earth around the Sun), then that object (Ferrari on the autodrome, Millano, Italy) cuts the intervals! ! ! Dimensions stand, but intervals "run". Only those intervals on a dimension (dimension of time or length, it is indifferent) present a flow, a run, a shift, a countdown of selected sections, intervals (e.g. in one direction, as the Earth does when we sail through space, "floats through time", sails "on the time dimension"... and that is the flow - the passage of time. The dimension stands still, time stands still, but we move along time, along the time dimension and thus "we produce time".
i’ve been on this rabbit hole for months now.. this is the best explanation i’ve ever heard!! seems like others almost try to make it more confusing than it needs to be ? idk
Man it’s amazing listening to you guys
He's one of the few people I disagree with in fundamental physics but still listen to for general discussion.
WHY E=MC2 AS F=MA NECESSARILY AND FUNDAMENTALLY IS A SURFACE (AND SPACE) THAT IS ESSENTIALLY TWO DIMENSIONAL AS WELL (ON BALANCE):
E=mc2 IS F=ma. Is a two dimensional surface or SPACE VISIBLE or invisible ? The answer is that it is BOTH (IN BALANCE) AS invisible AND VISIBLE SPACE. I have now explained why the electron AND the photon are NECESSARILY structureless IN BALANCE in accordance with the fact that E=mc2 IS F=ma, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. The EARTH is ALSO BLUE, AND the sky is blue. NOW, THE DOME of a person's EYE is ALSO VISIBLE SPACE. (Notice the flat AND black space of what is THE EYE.) Again, the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. GREAT. Gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY; AS E=MC2 IS F=MA. Great. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. Hence, WHAT IS the Earth is the linked AND BALANCED opposite in relation to WHAT IS the Sun ON BALANCE; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. GREAT. I have CLEARLY explained c4 from Einstein's field equations, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AND I have mathematically unified physics. "Mass"/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=mc2 IS F=ma. INSTANTANEITY is thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper UNDERSTANDING of physics/physical experience. (Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black.) BALANCE and completeness go hand in hand. E=mc2 IS F=ma. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY.
TIME DILATION ultimately proves (ON BALANCE) that E=mc2 IS F=ma, as ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. (Importantly, balance and completeness go hand in hand.) The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. NOW, A PHOTON may be placed at the center of WHAT IS THE SUN (as A POINT, of course); AS the reduction of SPACE is offset by (or BALANCED with) the speed of light (c); AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Indeed, ultimately and truly, TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE; AS E=MC2 IS F=MA; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black. GREAT. Accordingly, INSTANTANEITY is thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper UNDERSTANDING of physics/PHYSICAL EXPERIENCE; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. It ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. E=mc2 IS F=ma. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=MC2 IS F=MA. GREAT !!!
GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. It is all CLEARLY proven !!!!!!!! TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE, AS E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. GREAT !!!!!!!! BALANCE and completeness go hand in hand. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. It is all CLEARLY and truly proven !!!!!!!! Accordingly, the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches it's revolution. E=mc2 IS F=ma.
By Frank DiMeglio
Sure. Would like to hear your disagreements. If you happen to be a physicist, is there anywhere I can look up to read your publications or viewpoints against Sean’s?
@@frankdimeglio8216 why are you screaming physics at a guy who didn’t even propose a specific concept for you to explain or debunk? Calm down, bro.
@@JoshuaWillis89 Modern “physics” is political. It is basically an affair of maximum money making agenda “physics”. Einstein was a low level genius who definitely was not open and honest. He was lazy. There is a glaring lack of top down thinking and common sense in physics today. The truth is simple, and it involves very hard work. TRUTH, reality, AND nature/natural experience go hand in hand. We never got the full truth out of Einstein, and we never will.
ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity ON BALANCE. Here is the proof. Hundreds of scientists and physicists are already in agreement with this over the course of many years. (Also, I have plenty more proof.) One step at a time. Let's focus on this for now. This is super important work. It's all CLEARLY proven.
Einstein never nearly understood F=MA, E=mc2, philosophy, mathematics, physics/physical experience, and TIME. He was a known weasel who was extremely selfish. FACTS. IMPORTANT. Can WHAT IS the Sun be shielded or blocked ? No. Can what is the Earth be shielded or blocked ? No. The truth is simple. Common sense is very lacking in physics today. Keep it simple. Keep it real. Gravity is fundamental. Top down thinking is very lacking in physics today. The truth is simple. We need physics that makes sense, as BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand.
Gravity is fundamental, as it cannot be shielded (or blocked). ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity ON BALANCE. It is obvious. In fact, the truth is clearly IRRESISTIBLE. BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE is fundamental. Energy has/involves GRAVITY, AND ENERGY has/involves inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE.
The tides are ELECTROMAGNETIC/gravitational in a balanced MIDDLE DISTANCE fashion/relation, as ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity ON BALANCE. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, as ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity ON BALANCE. This is consistent with F=ma AND E=mc2. Accordingly, ON BALANCE, the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches it's revolution !! The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. Inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE is proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY, as this balances gravity AND inertia; as ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity ON BALANCE. This is consistent with F=ma AND E=mc2 AS WELL. Gravity is ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy on balance, as gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites ON BALANCE. Carefully consider, in direct comparison, the fully illuminated (and setting) Moon AND what is the ORANGE (and setting) Sun !! They are both the same size as the eye. Now, the sky is blue; and THE EARTH is ALSO BLUE. (WHAT IS the Moon is also blue !!) ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity ON BALANCE. (Gravity is CLEARLY AND necessarily proven to be ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy ON BALANCE.)
TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE, as ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity ON BALANCE. (This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE, as gravity is, CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY, proven to be ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy ON BALANCE.) Indeed, TIME dilation ULTIMATELY proves (ON BALANCE) that ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity ON BALANCE. Great !!! (Gravity is, CLEARLY AND necessarily, proven to be ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy ON BALANCE.)
By Frank DiMeglio
@@frankdimeglio8216 you make no sense. Your comments are just a bunch of jumbled Minho jumbo. Cite experiments and scientific articles that have proven what you said to be true. Calling Einstein a low level genius is truly laughable. You think you’re smarter than Einstein? Where’s your contributions to civilization??
Simply wonderful.
Me: "Hey Sean, What time is it?"
Sean: " *Yes* ."
Lol.
VexQ V vXEFWQ
Absolutely wonderful lecture , thankyou great courses plus for bringing these insightful sessions available to everyone 🙏 .
this video or channel this is my first watch,this is a fantastic and brilliant video thankyou for great lecture sire
Great description of time and space
Well explained sean
Simply brilliant, they way he explains it all
Glad you liked it!
Very clear and entertaining....thank you!
Thank YOU for watching!
Thanks. I appreciate the time and effort to put all these information.
Should have said "space-time and effort"!😉😁
Terrific explanation
I would’ve never had the brains or knowledge to study any sort of physics but I’ve been really intrigued and really really REALLY inspired by Mr Sean Carrol In quantum physics i feel like I’m closer and closer to finding the perfect combination in spirituality physics science and geometry and symmetry and etc etc👌👍🙌
I wish I had words to express how much I want to understand all of this. Why can't it be explained? You are the very best I have seen. I like the way you present (OMG, can I say that now?) and pace what you say. I am rather intelligent in everything else! WTF? Help!!!
Can I go back in time and learn this fascinating science in school....when I should’ve been learning it?
paradoxically, yes. close your eyes and go back, back, back....
@@HarryNicNicholas Exactly! with your current way of thinking, you can close your eyes and go back and kick the bullies butt or get the girl you always wanted, you can alter past events with your thoughts
Yes, and actually you are doing the same now. I have lived many of infantile thoughts again, and i am not interested in the present, i lose touch with what happens around me, and when i see a child playing, i get excited.
Thank you Teacher.
THANK YOU DR.CARROLL...!!!
Best courses
He summarises this very well.
"There's no such thing as one moment spread through out the universe that everyone can agree on" [Sean Carrol] Interestingly the word moment despite being defined as "..a brief period of time" is in fact a brief period of an event because moment comes from momentum which is tantamount to events. Meaning that periods \ duration are of events not time. So events have duration that are measured by time as space has distance that's measured by the metric system or imperial units.
What we perceive as the passing of time is just the passing of events.
Wibbly wobbly, timey wimey
You are so right, my friend. And here's a clock that shows what you've just explained: th-cam.com/video/9-L_D2cB1ks/w-d-xo.html Kudos and love 🖖
How did he do it ? He looks so much younger. We, the people, believe he knows of, and has practised, time travel. Either that, or this one really old video.
The suit would indicate the latter 😂
Makeup
@@kcinkg 🤣 that's great
NEWKNOWLEDGE = NOKNOWLEDGE
@@josephhall5681 True, I don't know much. But I did manage to derive the SR mathematical equations, even though I had no physics education at all.
This particular “chapter” was extremely bright for me. It explains space and time relative to my life, past, present and future. Thank you very much, I fear less the more and better I understand. My brain is racing in an exciting way, with thoughts and analysis. Thank you Professor Carroll!
We love your feedback, Martha!
Excellent video...
Thank you, Doug, we are glad you enjoyed it.
Fantastic lecture!
WHY E=MC2 AS F=MA NECESSARILY AND FUNDAMENTALLY IS A SURFACE (AND SPACE) THAT IS ESSENTIALLY TWO DIMENSIONAL AS WELL (ON BALANCE):
E=mc2 IS F=ma. Is a two dimensional surface or SPACE VISIBLE or invisible ? The answer is that it is BOTH (IN BALANCE) AS invisible AND VISIBLE SPACE. I have now explained why the electron AND the photon are NECESSARILY structureless IN BALANCE in accordance with the fact that E=mc2 IS F=ma, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. The EARTH is ALSO BLUE, AND the sky is blue. NOW, THE DOME of a person's EYE is ALSO VISIBLE SPACE. (Notice the flat AND black space of what is THE EYE.) Again, the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. GREAT. Gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY; AS E=MC2 IS F=MA. Great. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. Hence, WHAT IS the Earth is the linked AND BALANCED opposite in relation to WHAT IS the Sun ON BALANCE; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. GREAT. I have CLEARLY explained c4 from Einstein's field equations, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AND I have mathematically unified physics. "Mass"/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=mc2 IS F=ma. INSTANTANEITY is thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper UNDERSTANDING of physics/physical experience. (Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black.) BALANCE and completeness go hand in hand. E=mc2 IS F=ma. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY.
TIME DILATION ultimately proves (ON BALANCE) that E=mc2 IS F=ma, as ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. (Importantly, balance and completeness go hand in hand.) The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. NOW, A PHOTON may be placed at the center of WHAT IS THE SUN (as A POINT, of course); AS the reduction of SPACE is offset by (or BALANCED with) the speed of light (c); AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Indeed, ultimately and truly, TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE; AS E=MC2 IS F=MA; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black. GREAT. Accordingly, INSTANTANEITY is thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper UNDERSTANDING of physics/PHYSICAL EXPERIENCE; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. It ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. E=mc2 IS F=ma. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=MC2 IS F=MA. GREAT !!!
GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. It is all CLEARLY proven !!!!!!!! TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE, AS E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. GREAT !!!!!!!! BALANCE and completeness go hand in hand. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. It is all CLEARLY and truly proven !!!!!!!! Accordingly, the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches it's revolution. E=mc2 IS F=ma.
By Frank DiMeglio
Excellent
It's interesting to think from the muon's perspective, where the earth is moving towards it at close to the speed of light. The earth still reaches it before it decays though, since the earth experienced less than 2 microseconds of time along the way.
Thank you for a better nomenclature.
Thanks for the great explanation! And for the undeniable proof that the past exists - the tie :)
And yet, here is a clock that shows that the past does not exist: th-cam.com/video/9-L_D2cB1ks/w-d-xo.html 😱😎
Very very good
Good explanation of incongruous blather
In multi body problems each axis has it's own time function depending on its acceleration therefore spacetime are bending and changing in multi body problem is mind boggling. Meaning our time is not known by another outside of our body and so are the other bodies. Just like the same harddrive memory could be used by many clients on same physical drive but the time of CPU and access time are different could get different data because of accessing method just like existence is different
saw this so long ago. big up Sean. Level of stripes!
I'm very thankful for his teaching he presents his information very clearly
Bravo....
Light and the speed of it play the most important part of time!
Light itself is time..
One of the best teachers I've seen. Absolutely brilliant explanation for someone (like myself) who is just starting to explore relativity. Many thanks
At the end Dr. Carroll refers to General Relativity. Does he have another lecture specifically about GR?
12:37 - they came back with 'different reading' of time is because they were affected by different forces by each going through different path/speed/trajectory, while the TIME remains the same everywhere which is an abstract thing that nothing can change it, i.e. it is absolute. So the Newtonian theory seems to make sense.
Two clocks moving relative to each other say otherwise.
The problem is our paradigm about time. We think that time is passing in the first place. Take a look at this clock and you'll see that objects are actually moving through time and time stands still: th-cam.com/video/9-L_D2cB1ks/w-d-xo.html
It will turn out, Scientists where to quickly to dismiss Newton😁
You lost me at lightcones. But blew my mind with the muon thing.
Why is it easier when Sean explains it?
I don't know who Ponkray is but I have studied Poincare. An exceptional mind.
Time started when Dielectric energy decayed from the Inertial Plane/Counterspace. Inflation.
Dielectric energy decays into Dielectric Voidance Field/Magnetism. The Grand Expand.
Gravity is centripetal acceleration into the Inertial Plane. Gravity is Magnetism/Dielectric Voidance Field returning to Dielectric energy, then the Inertial Plane/Counterspace.
I never move from my couch while in my trousers. I guess time flies by so fast in my experience.
We can send the different kind of time function and not the counting time so it can change it's time by applied new formula of time function each time it receive and calibrate two system one mechanical time and one on atomic clock
Nice video and presentation.
Siddhartha Gautama conceived the principle of wisdom from meditation.
Einstein conceived the principle of relativity from thought experiment. They both adored and worship by their disciples around the world.
Great courses changed their name to Wondrium.
1st! Let’s go Sean!!
Exactly constant varies in space but event is real.
when ti,e becomes personal / where does the space go to contain the observer
Best people
Time is fascinating. I worked the subway stations for nearly 10 years. From one end of the city to the other. Every so often I would notice the city would be saying that, "Today just flew by" or "The day was just dragging along." How can an entire city, with no interaction with each other until they used the subway, complain about the same time paradox unless it was effected by it? Maybe a time distorted bubble the earth passes through in its revolution around the sun. Maybe random waves of time distortion hitting the earth? Maybe they're given off by the sun. Maybe they're from outside our Terran system and reach us in intervals. ???? 🎶"Ti-i-i-ime, is on my side. Yes, it is!"🎶
If you can think of a better way to do a blind survey of an entire city, in the small window of opportunity, I'm all in. Until then, I invite you to spend a couple years in the subways, between 2pm-10pm and you'll see for yourself. Just listen as an entire city gets off of work and gets out of school. You'll see it's more than a, "coincidence of circumstances" ;-P
You may b able to move your "light cones" around. but you can not change the origin of your light cone. If your light cone cone starts on Earth, it is always based on Earth, relative to your change of position in the solar system or galactic plane. Your space-time come from your relative place in the universal plane. Remember it's all relative to where you are.
Can we define an absolute equal time for all reference system using Lorent's equations?
A definition of absolute time can be given
in accordance with the Lorentz equations
Time dilation is not a good interpretation. see this demo
The traveling clock is characterized by its position x=vt and the time observed from the stationary system dt' = dt/g. g is the relativistic factor
we will write
(dx, cdt')= (v, c/g) dt. c= light velocity
(dx, cdt') = C dt
C is a vector of magnitude c. after a time T all frames of reference have a timeline length equal to T.
C is the transport vector towards the future, but the future has different directions (those of C) but the same magnitude, time dilation has no basis.
Seeing the evolution at an angle, you can see a component that is used to give speed to the moving system and a component in the direction of the future of the stationary system t'. th-cam.com/video/LrVrYbimj3I/w-d-xo.html
Thanks!
I'm going to utilize this more.
We would have time.
...
Yeah,
We are choosing the best choice for all of us.
(Sorry for a unexpected message.)
"If it's Dec. 7th, 1941 here in Casablanca, what time is it in New York,?"
"I don't know, boss. My watch stopped."
BAM!!!
So how would length of an object is measure. By placing it against standard scale, its one end is marked on scale then other end. The difference in value of two ends is length. One thing is assumed here that an object is at rest with scale which is also called as coordinate or frame. Now if an object have some speed against the scale or frame then does its length could be measured accurately. No, because it's not possible to mark both ends at same time and if object and scale have relative speed then one of end either contract or expand the measured length of object. This is relative measurement and when object is at rest with scale is proper or absolute measurement.
Now relativists says that both measurement are correct and more than that if either object or scale is moving then relative measurement is giving actual description of object's physical quantity. So whether length contract or expand that relative measurement define physical state of object as by relativists.
Further than that, in most conditions there is no frame moving with light speed and some events happening in it. Observation of planet is not relative because observer with scale like clock and angular scale is on earth. In case of far objects it's not possible to directly measure object so light is used. But relativists says that speed of light is constant whether source or observer have relative speed or not. First thing, general science laws doesnt allow it, second it require that light should have special quality which it has not so. In classical relativity that replaced by theory of relativity which we know now, has no problem with measurement of distant objects because its absolute and relative measurements are same so no problem. All problems start with insistence of relativists that speed of light is constant so they change fundamental quantities like length, time, mass.
Suppose some children are playing in ground which is stationary. Now if an observer moving with quarter of light speed measure length of ground as per theory of relativity, found that length of ground is small as compared to what is told. Another observer with half light speed measure length of ground and found that length is contracted and also differ from first observer, then who is right, observer at rest with ground or moving observers. Does measurement of moving observers that differ from rest one, in any way affect or give actual representation, no. Same thing is with time, moving observers says children are slow. Does clock of moving observer change the movement of children on ground, no.
Question is why they are doing so inspite of evidences against their theories. Reason is that constancy of speed of light is required for their model of universe, if that is changed then their model collapse.
Question :
If the universe is expanding with more entropy.
Is time speeding up, which we cannot measure?
The sky isn't the limit, your light cone is! Lol!
Inside an atomic clock an oscillator emits about 4GHz photon that reaches a Cesium atom, which absorbs and emits about 4G photon times per second. If I place a second atomic clock near a mass the Cesium atom emits 4G - a small value of photons per second. The mass influences what? The frequency of the photon of the oscillator? The oscillation frequency of Cesium? How ? By lengthening the space between the oscillator and the atom?
Relativity is the time differential of light to create mass. Everything moves at the speed of light except when slowed down.
please check the settings of the subtitles, I tried to change the subtitles in English but they are stuck in the Korean language. Great video though.
Thanks for bringing this to our attention, Amalia! This should be fixed now.
@@Wondrium WHY E=MC2 AS F=MA NECESSARILY AND FUNDAMENTALLY IS A SURFACE (AND SPACE) THAT IS ESSENTIALLY TWO DIMENSIONAL AS WELL (ON BALANCE):
E=mc2 IS F=ma. Is a two dimensional surface or SPACE VISIBLE or invisible ? The answer is that it is BOTH (IN BALANCE) AS invisible AND VISIBLE SPACE. I have now explained why the electron AND the photon are NECESSARILY structureless IN BALANCE in accordance with the fact that E=mc2 IS F=ma, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. The EARTH is ALSO BLUE, AND the sky is blue. NOW, THE DOME of a person's EYE is ALSO VISIBLE SPACE. (Notice the flat AND black space of what is THE EYE.) Again, the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. GREAT. Gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY; AS E=MC2 IS F=MA. Great. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. Hence, WHAT IS the Earth is the linked AND BALANCED opposite in relation to WHAT IS the Sun ON BALANCE; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. GREAT. I have CLEARLY explained c4 from Einstein's field equations, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AND I have mathematically unified physics. "Mass"/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=mc2 IS F=ma. INSTANTANEITY is thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper UNDERSTANDING of physics/physical experience. (Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black.) BALANCE and completeness go hand in hand. E=mc2 IS F=ma. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY.
TIME DILATION ultimately proves (ON BALANCE) that E=mc2 IS F=ma, as ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. (Importantly, balance and completeness go hand in hand.) The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. NOW, A PHOTON may be placed at the center of WHAT IS THE SUN (as A POINT, of course); AS the reduction of SPACE is offset by (or BALANCED with) the speed of light (c); AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Indeed, ultimately and truly, TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE; AS E=MC2 IS F=MA; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black. GREAT. Accordingly, INSTANTANEITY is thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper UNDERSTANDING of physics/PHYSICAL EXPERIENCE; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. It ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. E=mc2 IS F=ma. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=MC2 IS F=MA. GREAT !!!
GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. It is all CLEARLY proven !!!!!!!! TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE, AS E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. GREAT !!!!!!!! BALANCE and completeness go hand in hand. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. It is all CLEARLY and truly proven !!!!!!!! Accordingly, the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches it's revolution. E=mc2 IS F=ma.
By Frank DiMeglio
It appears that the universe started as something tiny and started to expand to what we can observe and detect today. It also appears that anything we can observe or detect is made from extremely tiny particles which interact and combine with each other based on some fundamental predetermined rules. We have identified quit a few of these extremely tiny particles and have identified quit a few of the rules these particles follow to interact and combine. Perhaps most of the particles and most of the rules but there probably are more.
We also discovered that anything that we can observe or detect is made from the same basic stuff and we call this stuff energy. We know this because we have figured out how to calculate a value or quantity of energy for anything that we can observe or detect. I think we can say the fabric of the universe is space time but we can also say that the fabric of the universe is energy time because we now know that space is not empty and is also some type of energy and we can calculate or at least estimate how much energy is in a given volume of space.
It also appears that after the universe started to expand, no more energy was added or removed as it continued to expand. We do not know what the rules were that determined the amount of energy in the universe nor what caused the energy in the universe to start expanding. The rules for how energy expands, transforms, interacts and combines cause energy to cycle from concentrated to diluted states. Although the cycles can be repeated almost an infinite number of times, there will be a time when they stop because as the cycles keep repeating, the total amount of energy in the universe keeps becoming more and more diluted. We call this rule entropy.
At some point in time, all the energy will become so diluted that it will not be able to cycle back into more concentrated states and we think this is when the universe ends. We still do not know the rules before the universe started to expand and we still do not know the rules after the universe ends and there are probably still many rules that we do not know about what causes the energy in the universe to cycle back and forth from concentrated to diluted states as it continues to expand and dilute.
The 'clocks on spaceships' reference as a test idea, but then it was sad that relativity shows us that you can't measure time throughout the universe as one single moment that everyone agrees on. Key words here are "everyone agrees on" I feel. We should also hold to the importance of the idea that we can still identify a single 'moment in time', at least in principle. Say you freeze all of spacetime and look at it as a whole from a god's eye point of view. That's your single moment in time. Sure, the clocks of those spaceships and their viewpoints with each other will be different from their starting location, but that's just their rate of cause and effect (their time) changing. You can still justifiably state that picture as "a single moment in time", which if everyone could also look back and view, could all then agree upon that picture as well. Please correct me if I'm somehow wrong on this idea.
I should add that the "observers disagreeing" is entirely beside the point. Agreeing on personal "at the moment" observations doesn't change the nature of a frozen slice of time, that's simply an information problem.
I think some viewers may get hung up no the idea that "we have our own times" when really we inhabit slices of the same moment of time "at varying rates of cause and effect".
If you view time (and spacetime of course) as a cause and effect machine, I think this whole view of the universe becomes much simpler and more clear.
If God put a “time stamp” on every point and particle in the universe it would be off almost immediately since the rate at which _time progresses_ is different from point to point, so the date and time from the “Devine time stamp” would drift at different rates from particle to particle.
The absolute value of _”what time is it now”_ can have no real meaning, but what is important _”how fast is your second progressing compared to mine.”
@@4pharaoh Yes, I agree, but that's not what we're talking about here. All I'm saying is, yes, we can in fact in principle view time in a single instance across all of space from a god's eye view and see one 'slice'. That's it. You're overcomplicating the simplicity of what I'm expressing.
@@videosbymathew I get ya...
We are discussing different definitions of Time: The video discussed the first three, you mention the forth.
1. The rate at which Time progresses (“ticks”) at different locations and velocities.
2. The comparisons of perceptions of those “ticks” from different frames of reference.
3. How observers in those different frames of reference perceive their “now” and duration between events.
4. A time out side of time. Affecting all space and “Time” faster than light, as if stopped everywhere.
For starters, god is not in time. All of the universe is happening within his consciousness. All of it is happening at the same moment called "now".
See for yourself. Have you ever seen anything outside of now?
You remember now
You imaging now
But before you do any of that,
"Now" is already here.
😘
Did Newton really have all that hair? I am skeptical. Love the “running back” analogy…the profound insight of relativity for me (that took me years to comprehend) is that C is the only constant, it’s space and time that are mutable, light speed never varies ever.
They used wigs at that time, like the judges in UK still do (as far as I know). In effect it does the same as a hat, changing how we perceive the person. There is a painting of Georg Friedrich Handel (around the year 1740) without a wig, showing a "little ugly man" but on the other hand that painting is an honest picture of a great mind.
I think the trouble is you need clocks that can be absolutely and completely isolated from gravity if you could send those clocks flying around around the universe then I bet they would remain in sync ..Unfortunately I think total isolation from gravity ..no matter how weak a force it might be is impossible. Even the loneliest part of space furthest away from any mass will still have gravitational effects on the speed of a clock and therefore the measurement of time,
Time is symmetric only insofar that the operator that has us move forward through time has an inverse operator that moved us backward through time. Yet, as soon as you bring moving objects into the picture, you can’t just rotate the time axis and expect to get the same picture. There’s actually a phase shift. One has to wait until the curvature of the object‘s time axis has inverted its direction on my space axes. Also, in the real world, the falling object would collide with something eventually and thus produce heat, i.e. entropy.
Suppose a coach moving with relative speed to ground and there is lights at both ends. Time is synchronised for both observers in coach and at ground at the instance of light flashes from both ends of coach, also both observers are equidistant from both ends of coach at the instance of events.
Now according to theory of relativity whose that version which is accepted by academician, observer in coach measures time taken by light on instance of flash from both ends is equal and there is no time difference for two events separated by distance, so events are simultaneous in coach.
For observer on ground, according to above discussed theory speed of light is invariant to motion of coach and travels with same speed from both ends for instance of light flash at both ends of coach to observer on ground. Thus time taken by light from both ends is also equal for ground observer and both events are simultaneous. So two events are simultaneous as observed by two observers in relative motion according to theory of relativity as per accepted interpretation of theory.
So in above mentioned example treated with special relativity, now discuss in terms of classical relativity. To those who didn't know about classical relativity, it was replaced by theory of relativity. Other than difference in scale conversion for relative measurement from theory of relativity, major difference is it had no special provison for speed of light as it possess no special quality for laws of mechanics when speaking about motion.
For observer in coach sees time taken by light from both ends of coach is same because there is no relative speed for source and observer in coach. Therefore events are simultaneous for observer in coach.
For observer on ground there is relative speed of source to observer, so speed of light must be relative. Suppose speed of light at rest is c and coach is moving with speed v to rest then from classical relativity, speed of light from moving source to rest is,
c + v sin□, where □ is angle between perpendicular to motion of frame v and c, and angle measured positive if in direction of v otherwise negative.
So speed of light from rear end is, c + v sin□, and speed of light from front end is, c - v sin□.
As speed of light from rear end is more than speed of light in absolute frame, c, similarly speed of light from front end is less than c. Therefore time taken by light from rear end is less and hence event of light from rear end happened before from light flash at front end. So two events are not simultaneous for ground observer. Therefore two events simultaneous in inertial frame is non-simultaneous in relative motion according to classical relativity.
I need help with my new years resolution. I've figured out how to change the stars.
My idea for changing the stars includes Orion and Pleiades (Subaru). I figure it's time to put something up there that's relevant to us, don't you think? Take Orion's belt and Betelgeuse becomes the head with a baseball hat. Below the belt are two legs bending at the knee. The feet aligning perfectly under the bent knees. The 3 stars of Orion's belt align perfectly as the 3 fat belt loops on a baseball uniform. The spear pointing at "Subaru" is the bat being swung and "Pleiades" is the baseball flying away after being hit. Put it all together and you get, "THE ALL-STAR." In my case, I see a left-handed batter and I imagine a "7" on the jersey. Which makes him, "Mickey." (As it should be ;-) But you can put any number you want, making, "THE ALL-STAR," any player you want. It'd be wrong of me to not, at least, try. This is me, trying. Pass it on, please and thank you. Don't worry, where I come from, crazy is a compliment! ;-P
My idea so I get to name it! What I mean is, no one has claimed it so I'm officially calling, "Dibs." Voyager 1 is now in the, "Milky Way's interstellar time" or "Mikey's Time."
"V-ger's" message has sped up now that it's outside our Sun's, "Time Bubble," or, "Terran Time." It will be faster, still, when "V-ger" sends a message from beyond the Milky Way's time bubble. Then there's Outside the Local Group time bubble. So on and so on until we get outside any influence and into the, "True Interstellar Time Standard." Or, "T.I..." ;-P
Now that "V-ger" is outside our Sun's reach, in interstellar space, it's now in the Milky Way's faster moving, Interstellar Time or "Mikey's Time." This can be proven by turning off everything except its clock and transmitter. Have "V-ger" read time for as long as possible. They WILL show the flow of time speeds up the further away you get from any celestial bodies. Until you reach the Milky Way's time standard or "Mikey's Time."
•Our sun's time bubble: "Terran Time" we know and have measured. In a lifetime, our head is one second younger than our feet.
•Milky Way's time bubble or "Mikey's Time." The rate/flow of TIME outside any influence but within the Milky Way: We just got there and are still figuring what the difference is. Wild guess I'd say time will increase in speed, now and until V-ger is outside the Ort cloud.
•Local Group's time bubble or the rate/flow of time outside of any influence but within the Local Group: Name still open and unknown. Wild guess .08 P-22% to a couple seconds faster, maybe. Used just for reference.
•Outside any influence in the, "True Interstellar Time Standard." (or T.I...) ;-P This name is NOT up for grabs. The rate/flow of time is fastest here. (Time flows fastest here so it's best to use a motor boat and hold tight. Always applies when you're in T.I....) ;-P
A minute is a minute in all. It's the rate/flow I'm talking about. Heck, rivers of time flowing differently might explain dark energy and dark matter.
The Milky Way's Interstellar Time Standard will be known as, "Mikey's Time."
Pass it on, please and thank you!
What people generally think of pressure as force per unit area, where area is 2 dimensional having no thickness. This is given by tyre pressure in unit of pounds per square inch, psi. The force exerted on inside surface of tyre by air contained in it.
But this is half truth, in reality there can be no pressure on surface without having some thickness. What it means, that unit of pressure is given in 2d but it not applies on surface or area having no thickness. Imagine one having thin sheet of metal, now pressure is applied against thickness of sheet in form of hammering or weight. The metal sheet spreads out and become more thin. But if sheet have no thickness then no deformation.
So how space-time given in 2d deformed by anything. It is other thing that mass is not equivalent to force unless it have some speed so having energy or under influence of some pull due to force or density. Similarly energy cant exert force unless it is contained in form of kinetic energy.
If mass exert force then it is similar to Newton's law of gravitation, so what difference theory of relativity made. According to which black holes dont exists, they are against nature of force which is evident in big-bang model. Big-bang is expansion of matter and black hole is contraction of matter under same law.
Differential geometry doesnt account for general model as they are for shapes and shapes are specific. Thus differential geometry of tensor not make equations independent of coordinates but opposite of it. It is also evident from model of universe as expansion. Universe expansion is transformation into planar space or euclidean space. While their model is flawed because expansion of a singularity is in first place having euclidean space.
So their relation of mass-energy tensor to curvature of space-time is invalid because first tensor is operator and without specifying function it means nothing but numbers. Second thing mass and energy in itself no force so there could be no deformation. Third 2d surface cant have deformation whatever. Fourth there is assumption of surface prior to observation, it is assumed the shape of universe.
This model of universe came is biblic in nature, everything comes from nothing. If one look at big-bang, it is culmination of their theory about universe, then how spreading of matter consitutes closed surface as spherical geometry required. Spherical geometry means closed body, having two opposite poles or sources, so no net source. This implies origin of universe from nothing. But two opposite source cancel each other to make region source free and if separated by distance cause directional movement result of gradient. Thus make work done possible. But their model ultimately ended in single point source of one kind when tracing backward in time.
Q. What is gravity.
A. Gravity is phenomenon of objects falling down to ground with force and it seems that intensity of force or energy decreases with square of distance. This is observed on earth only that objects are pulled down but by inference we generalized it to whole planetary system and universe also.
Q. What is cause or mechanism of gravity.
A. Thermal energy emitted from sun generating pressure in space causing vacuum and thus creating thermal gradient for pressure wind. This pressure expand space by lowering matter concentration and further cause of motion of planets orbitting. Torsion by planetary motion concentrate matter to planets like cables. Yes this is possible explanation on basis of forces and matter in action. Gravity is equivalent to buyoant force in fluids.
Q. What happen if star extinguishes or pressure cease. Does matter and large bodies lumps at centre and space is shrinked, like concept of black hole.
A. Black hole is conceptual thing for purposed model to work. There is no observational evidence of any kind to prove its existence. No, large masses not fused at centre. First the vacuum created by pressure is filled with space matter that was removed and space becomes homogeneous of space matter. Speed of planets, which is same for given planetary system, continually slower down as resistance by matter increases. This arise two situation either radius of orbit shrink to keep speed intact and eventually planets merge at centre. This happens when star dies slowly, but if it dies abruptly which is more probable because power is constant, then angular speed of planets decreasing and finally planets comes to rest.
What’s time? There are two times here. One is universal, the other is relative, t and t’ , which have the relationship t’=r(t-Kxv).
At speed of light, or at black hole, r=0, so t’ stops. But t goes as usual.
t’ is the time you observed through light. it is different from an object’s objective time t. Because c is considered as constant at any reference frame, so t’ and t are not synchronized.
space-time. It is really just a Lorentz transformation of t.
Just remember that when people talk time stops at black hole, or moving at c, that time is t’. A moving object, it’s time running faster or slower, that’s t’. Spacetime is curved, that also is t’. We really should not think only t’ is so called time. (Actually t is the base time, because v and c are calculated by t, not by t’).
t and t’ have the relationship t’=r(t-Kxv). So, both t’ and t can not go back. People forget the conditions of Lorentz transformation and special relativity: point to point, inertia reference frame. What that means? It means that v in the above relationship, in Lorentz T , is constant, no acceleration. The object observed cannot have acceleration. If an object has acceleration, the Lorentz T and SR are NOT DEFINED.
What clock measures is the synchronized events. Atomic clock measures atom vibration events, electronic watch measures quartz frequency, watch measures mechanical vibration events, the earth spins a turn as a day, moves a turn around sun as a year. We humans use different synchronized events to express different time.
t’ and t, both are man-made.
He explains very well, but I just don't understand. I am relatively dumb. :(
Okay, so rate of time is affected by rate of speed, acceleration. And we think muons have enough time to reach us, despite their rate of decay, because time for them has slowed due to their acceleration. But what acceleration is that? From the moment a muon comes into being, as a pion decay product, is it accelerated and by such a value that would meaningfully slow time for it?
No, it isn't. The local rate of time is exactly the same everywhere. It's only the relative differences between clocks that are affected by the relative motion.
Using the same robots experiment we could send diferents robots with sincronize clock to different directions and follow the path where time moves slower and faster. That would be the true arrow of time
In Galileo system, x=vt, if only if dx/dt is constant. Lorentz transformation goal is distances (x, x’) x=f(v,t)and x’=g(c, t’) are mathematically equal in both systems with symmetry. So c is not Galileo or classic velocity, and t’ is not classic time. In Galileo, v varies, t is uniform at any point in space; whilst in Lorentz, t’ varies, c is constant in space. c =eu , is really the property of the space, or medium, or Ether. It is not velocity in Galileo.( v, C),(t,t’), they are (Apple, Orange), (Peach,Grape) in two math systems. People are still thinking they are same things. That causes confusion. Saying 1) if an object moves at speed of light, time stops. Moving object slows clock, etc. That’s wrong. It should be said t’ in Lorentz stops, or equal to 0. In Galileo, t is uniform, it doesn’t stop or slow. 2). Speed of light C is constant from any observer at different speeds. That is wrong. c in Galileo changes from observers, C in Lorentz as the property of space is constant. Then there is no ambiguity, confusing, both accurate in their own system for/from measurements. Time dilution, space-time curvature, etc. are all bogus by mixing concepts in two systems. If you use Fourier series to express a signal S, it is not the signal in time domain, it’s amplitude A in frequency domain. Nobody treats A-S as “signal dancing”. But sigma of all these series by frequency goes back to the value of signal in time domain. They are just mathematically equivalent, not necessarily physically same. There are many ways to do it mathematically, too.
Relativity is just another way of measuring of the nature using electric magnetic wave in Lorentz system. It has advantages over Galileo system in Astronomy, because Maxwells equations describe electromagnetic wave in vacuum with eu as constant, which is the space property and its value equals to speed of light in Galileo.
In Algol events, it can prove that light speed varies with observer’s speed( visit Algol website)
I need to get back my time machine in order to travel through space and time.
at 08:47 -- Suddenly I think that Simultaneity is impossible. Every lightray in the eye has wandered through space, and space is only possible because of individual time. ... or ...
Herefrom I don't have any doubt about spacetime idea
It must be nice being Einstein, he's given credit for things that he didn't come up with i.e Light cone idea, the spacetime-diagram as a whole, those are Minkowski's ideas.
What more observational anomaly than theory in relativistic gravitational theory is that inspite of big bang, orbits of planets are stable, atleast for many thousand years, also no detection of angular separation of stars. So meaning of stable orbits is that diagonal elements of mass-energy tensor are zero, because there is no expansion of orbits in radial direction. So i think there would no independent or orthogonal space-time coordinates,
Theory could improve if they consider space and time coordinates differently. Time is part of space-time but not interfere length of coordinates of space. Thus space have 3 dimensions constituting volume and time is indicator of motion like orbit is clockwise or not and thus time in forward or backward direction. So space become a dimension and time another dimension of 2 dimensional space-time having volume.
Other problem is that differential geometry or topology is construct based on idea or model which have flaws like length of curve is given in term of speed, so more curvature has less speed, but this is not as observed because distant orbits have same speed as nearer one, that is why different time period. It should be as, space is elongated and time is dilated so speed remain same, which is observable as distant orbits have bigger orbit and longer period.
Relativistic gravitation was developed because in newtonian model not account for how everything starts from origin. It only account for stable orbit where orbital motion account for entropy or force in action. So what was before newtonian model could explain by relativistic gravity where diagonal energy have some value and cease at stability, it is transitory model.
What I like and what I don't like it's not big question the big where finally the laws going towards is the way so the conviction and faith space and time are seperate dffrent time of spaces and same kind of the time .. 🙏🙏 Sean Carol 👏👏 Time dialation is actually the voice is 🙏🙏 sir thank you so much sir ..okay I understand not at time all at all I have to ..yesyes with in the limit my personel future only the light come really appreciateting 🙏🙏 time travel faster time is not universinal it's personal 👏👏 Fix rigid crucially important predicated future' ..
The problem of synchronization was light and signal can not get straight line and gravity and even sound change light and signal plus other are localized
What relativists thought of that by adding three variable of space and one variable of time, the space-time curvature equation became 4 dimensional tensor of rank 2, that is not case.
To explain it, does surface of any shape for instance sphere is 3 dimensional or 2 dimensional in 3 variables. So metric tensor is 2d, 4 variable, rank of tensor represent dimension and root of elements of matrix is variables.
They can think of that they have 4d equation so have volume and thus contain matter is incorrect. This is other thing that there is no physicallity of space-time unless they admit that space is not empty or vacuum, so again bring back aether in a sense. Also deformation is not possible in 2d surface.
Also equation is written in reverse order, it is stress-energy tensor causing space-time curvature not otherwise. By measuring effect, one can measure cause, so by measuring curvature they can amount mass or energy but how space-time curvature could neasure is questionable. We are not discussing here how mass in space cause stress and how energy could be contained in no volume. This shows that big-bang model was prepared before because energy spread if it starts from point.
Also we are not discussing that consequence of geometrical explanation doesnt meet observation, like time period of all planets should be equal, time is dilated in gravity but farther orbits are theoretically due to high speed and observed as time contracted in far orbits, opposite of time dilation.
Yes, this model of gravity is not different from older model but attempt to give account for stable orbits. The multiplication of gravitational constant, G is for equating mass to force or weight. But instead of giving stable model of universe it leads to unstable model.