Entropy
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 7 ม.ค. 2014
- 057 - Entropy
In this video Paul Andersen explains that entropy is simply the dispersion of matter or energy. He begins with a series of video that show the natural direction of processes. According to the second law of thermodynamics the entropy may never decrease in a closed system. In irreversible processes the entropy will increase over time. The entropy will increase as volume increases, phases change, temperature increases and as the moles of products increases.
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All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
AJ. A Red Balloon on a Ribbon, July 18, 2008. Open clip Art Library image's page. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil....
Ebaychatter0. English: Sport Car, October 3, 2012. Own work. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil....
"File:Dinitrogen-Tetroxide-3D-vdW.png." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed December 27, 2013. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Din....
"File:Nitrogen-Dioxide-3D-vdW.png." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed December 27, 2013. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nit....
"File:Oxygen Molecule.png." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed December 27, 2013. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oxy....
"File:Water-3D-Balls.png." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed December 27, 2013. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wat....
Forluvoft. Simple Diagram of Double-Stranded DNA, [object HTMLTableCellElement]. Own work. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil....
penubag, F. l a n k e r. English: Nomenclature of the Phase Changes of a System in English. This Image Is Not Drawn to Scale, Meaning There Is No Association between Location and the Enthalpy of the State of Matter., October 30, 2008. Own work. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil....
Sharayanan. English : Depicts the Main Idea behind the Kinetic Theory of Gases - That Is, Gases Are Made of Molecules Whose Permanent Hits on the Walls of the Container Is Perceived as Pressure, and Whose Excitement Is Related to Temperature., August 8, 2007. Own work. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil....
User:Forrestjunky, adaption of source-image by. Svg Tree Image, Based on Image:Broccoli.svg by user:Dvortygirl., March 16, 2008. Image:Broccoli.svg by Dvortigirl, converted to svg by Armada44. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil....
This guy is excellent. He's not trying to deliver flashy sound bite edutainment, unlike another popular TH-cam chem series I've shown in my highschool chem class. Just concise, elequently presented lessons that enrich already interesting yet difficult topics requiring clarification for most students.
xiocrafter Sound "byte"; as in bits and bytes of data
@@louf7178 I think so
Dude. That was absolutely not confusing and your graphics were so neat and organized. Thanks for your hard work; I understand entropy now! :)
Abby McIntyre ikr Bozeman is the BEST
I tried a chem textbook. I tried google. I tried other sources. This one was the only one that made it obvious what entropy is. Thank You Bozeman Science.
Actually, the reason for not crying over spilled milk is that it's irreversible.
.....acceptance.
You have to spend more energy than zero to reverse the process. Just like you need energy to run a machine.
I go to a very rigorous school, but can I just say that Mr. Anderson has helped me raise my grade two letters and actually I've been beginning to like Chemistry when I couldn't even keep my eyes open before in my hour long classes. Thank you Mr. Anderson! And people who like CrashCourse are just blinded by their graphics and designing, they lack clarity unlike every single Bozeman Science video.
thanks for simplifying that. i am always amazed at your ability to simplify and elucidate the most complex of concepts. it's always a good start before I start to deepen my understanding on something. thank you for the great video!
Okay, just want to say this actually helped me so much. I've had a substitute teacher for the past month and she tried to teach us this, I think but I really didn't know what was going on until I watched this. So thank you so much!!!
Thank you so much! I appreciate all the different examples given and the pictures as well. Entropy is such a complicated concept because you have to remember so many factors that increase it but everything made sense!
You are the cheapest tutor ever, and you don't make me feel like an idiot when you talk! Thank you so much for your videos. I will owe you big time when I get that passing grade on my Chem test in the morning. I've watched quite of your videos about these subjects. THANK YOU.
+Najimdeen Adewuyi I don't understand how being cheap is a good thing?
Excellent video! Entropy is so confusing to my students and this is the first video I have found that does a good job explaining it without oversimplifying a complex concept. Thank you!
Where it gets confusing is when either religious or "black swan" physicists are over-interpreting the expression (entropy) into various forms of abstractions.
Entropy is essentially thermo-"mechanical". That is, every locality of energy will always have to move into where it can move to (automatically). Thus, you will have a local "heat death"(see the Laws of thermodynamics) in a house when you open doors between cold and warmer rooms. After a while all rooms have the same temperature, with the exception that it is often a bit colder near to the ground then just under the roof. This is because heat (a type of photonic energy) is repelled by gravitational bodies.
I think there is a deeper meaning in the old saying "Don't cry over spilled milk" It's telling us to move on and not get caught up with something that is irreversible.
and don't cause further entropy by crying.
Gabe Merritt 😁😁
David K That's all fine and dandy until you need to drink some.
I'm taking intro to BIo... and haven't taken a science course in over a decade. I don't know what i would do without these videos! They are great... thanks so much!
You're videos are soo helpful. I am taking Biology in College after being out of school for 10+ years and they are the only reason I can understand anything in this class. Thank you so much!
Deep knowledge he has. It's my first time to understand on "entropy increasing maneuver".
This is your best video yet mate! Such a simple explanation thats easy to remember
I love you Mr. A! You make chem and bio easy to learn and can't thank you enough
yes, very helpful, better than the Crashcourse
yup! crashcourse means 'business'
+SkyfalconTin Sure, if you have a test in a few hours.
exactly...
i was just about to comment that his vids are better than crashcourse
ong crashcoruse is ass
Nice video Mr. Andersen. As always, great information in a tight little package.
Bravo! The most intuitive explanation of entropy 👏
Wow I never understood this concept because it was always taught to me as the amount of chaos that has occurred. You explained this very well, and I commend your decision to take a year off and make more of these videos :D
so lovely. thank goodness for people like you!
Thank you so much Mr. Anderson for this truly helpful video :-)
Good job Mr Andersen!
Truely the best scientific channel
Best video on entropy I've seen. Nice job
Thanks for the upload. Fantastic videos as usual.
thanks alot, you are really helpful and you explain stuff really well...!!! so happy i found someone who actually teaches the right way. THANKS AGAIN
GREAT explanation!
Thanks from Mendeleev Chemistry University! It's a bit complicate to understand all that chemistry, there is a lot of it, your videos are incredibly helpful for me
hey, i just wanted to say youre videos are really helpful! thank you so much!
OMG finally I understood this concept of entropy after 4 years!thank god!
best entropy vid on youtube.
you are amazing. thank you so much for everything you do!
This hit the nail on the head for me! Thank yoU!
I was hoping you would talk about Reversible Processes. You mentioned cases where Entropy (delta S) in the certain process could decrease, but in this, the Entropy is a certain other system around did increase. Would this yield a net of 0 or a positive net? I remember in processes, Entropy would either increase or not change. Are there even any truely reversible processes?
Excellent job😊
I wish you were my teacher. You have helped me so much. You are so intelligent thank you for sharing your knowledge with wonderful videos :)
The best explanation for now
I learned nicely from his clear explanation.
This video was very helpful ! thanks a lot
Most Chemists don’t need much more than this. Good. Worthwhile emphasising though, that the entropy change often being discussed here is the entropy change of the reacting system. You swop from reacting to isolated systems and that might confuse some students. Making qualitative predictions about the net entropy change of an isolated system is not always straightforward. For example, when a saturated solution spontaneously precipitates, the reaction system undergoes a drop in entropy but the isolated system undergoes an increase. Finally, avoid connecting entropy changes with disorder. Overall though, a helpful video and thank you for preparing it.
No system are however literally isolated. So there is always a degree of isolation (energy density). "Spontaneous" is not an actual condition or event, only apparently so. All energy and matter is always in continuous motion.
The only reason I could tell the ball example was A is the shadow of his hand rolling it in the background. Is there another way to determine in which of the two videos the ball is rolling in the correct direction?
i love your videos. You always eexplain very goood
Very interesting video.
You are the best
A very well explanation
Thank you
Thank you, Man ! you helped me a lot!
if you change the water example, which is all pure substances, to a solution that breaks up into gases with more moles, is that a decrease in entropy instead? my notes say a solution has higher entropy than pure substances, even if the solution is a solid.
Sir, you're a life saver huhu. Thanks a bunch!!!
what is missing here is the saying that entropy is non physical, but mathematical entity coming from the relation TS and it only makes sense together with a Temperature as opposite to the Temperature event, i. e. if T increases then S decreases when everything else is fixed like N or V since those extensive variables are related to space rather than to time like in the case of intensive variables
Great video, learnt a lot. 😃😃🙏🙏
To sum up T is and average velocity of 1 particle of mass m (average impulse), and it is obtained by measuring volume of these particles at P=const since increased average velocity expands the stuff consisting of these particles. Entropy comes into being only when the averaged velocity is not linear with changes in Volume (or Pressure - whoever is fixed, can be both not fixed but then it is impossible to attribute changes due to each) and in this case energy is being consumed on rotational and vibrational motions of that particle not only on translational motion (same is truth when some chemical reactions are happening and in this case average impulses will change too and number of particles). VdW or London dispersion interactions (or the change in molecular conformation) will contribute in to changes of those 3 types of particle motion and will be felt in this way.
Thumbs up all the way. really helpful
Thank you this really helps a lot
In a closed system the heat acts as air pressure and the lack of heat you have low pressure?
thanks so much! really clears things up:)
S=Q/T then how does increasing temperature increases entropy though they are inversely related?
This was really helpful :) thanks alot
Was really helpful, thanks 😄 - subscribed -
An understandable explanation
very help full, thanks
Really helped me!
perfect for HBL week !
Wish u have made AP phys videos :((((((( all ur videos are so helpful !
How entropy increase with # of moles? Since u hav more moles it dsnt hv much space for disorder lik solid. Then why entropy increases?
Thank you so much.
Dispersal is more intuitive vs The number of possible arrangements of things or a tendency towards disorder. The latter two examples are impenetrable to my mind but disperal...Bam! I got it!
OMG yes I love your videos thank you
Thanks so much!
Much better!
thank you Finally I understand what is the entropy;)
another important feature that is missed here is the all driving force (or field which produces this force): if force is due to T (simple mechanical force or inertion force that is produced due to the electomagnetostatic field on impact), then one set of thing is going on, but if you have gravitational field or attractive (to Earth) force, then another set of things is going on and so any intermediate or mixed states.
"Field" of force = the regional totality of particle interactions, and other particle mechanics (such as vibration, spin). Magnetism, charge, radiowaves and gravity are not fundamentals of nature in a literal sense.
They are expressions for how a group of particles operate within a certain area of space.
we can decrease entropy in an isolated system by Increasing the entropy of the universe around the object within the isolated system you mean? At 4:20, could you clarify that just a little bit?
What he means to say is that the entropy of a _ materially closed_ system can be decreased by increasing the entropy of its surroundings.
Hats off
love it
Thank you
So statisticly, within x amount of time, all particles and energy in the universe will be dispursed equally and no kind of reactions can occur? The entropy will be maximum?
yes that is refered to as the big chill.
Not necessarily. Since will be no translational motion or traveling of particles, you cannot tell what value of Entropy will be...it can be any value including minimum and maximum (it depends on the previous time moment since only averages make sense - T on each x, y, z directions and P averages these 3 directions one more time)...T=0 doesn't mean that energy of the particle is = 0, since it can rotate or vibrate forever and at any rate...Entropy =1 when exists only translational motion (elastic impacts) or when rotational+vibrational=const. Entropy > 1 is in the case when rotational+vibrational increasing and 0 < Entropy < 1 when decreasing.
+Egidijus Kuprusevicius You got over my head quick, congratulations
You rock.
What about the effect of gravity on entropy. The second law of thermodynamics states: "In any cyclic process, the entropy will either increase or remain the same." Entropy is a measure of the disorder or multiplicity of a system, or the amount of energy not available to do work. For an isolated system, the natural course of events takes it to a more disordered and higher entropic state.
Gravity, on the other hand, knows only attraction and therefore tends to keep things in an ordered state by keeping them close to each other and thus reducing the occupied volume as well as the possibilities of possible states, so it is could add a term to the famous Boltzmann formula being:
E = K ln(W) - K f(g) where g is gravity and f() a function proportional to g and also f(0)=0.
Perhaps its effect is so weak that it is very difficult to detect it.
Well it's my humble opinion that it's probably wrong.
awesomee.
thank you!!!!
very helpful
I think I almost got it...yeah !
Thanks, Test Tomorrow
great.
Blessed science guy.
Gud work
wow thanks sir!
the salt from Crying over spilled milk could cause a black hole could it, not?
great
thank u
The milk example was 10/10
thanks
thaaaank you a lot u r amazing
Please help
Can entropy be negative ??
Yes, life goes from a single cell to a highly ordered molecules of organism. Of course, scientists say that net entropy will still be positive if
I thought the video was excellent but I'm still confused because after reading about the fate of the universe the professor claimed that once all the stars had used up their energy and burnt out, the entropy would be at a maximum because now the universe is filled with useless energy. So I have a problem understanding worthwhile as opposed to useless energy. It just seems like double-talk. Also when I think of conserving anything it means I will always have it and I wonder if rather than saying that energy and matter are always conserved wouldn't it be better to say that energy and matter are always accounted for. One last thing. Considering E=mc2^ wouldn't in terms of entropy mean that the process is irreversible so that mass is not equal to E/c2^.
Bob O Entropy does not make E = Mc^2 invalid. E = Mc^2 means that mass can be converted into energy and the reverse is also true. In order to make mass turn into energy, energy must be expended to start the reaction. An example in fission. Energy naturally creates chaos because it excites matter which makes atoms move farther away from each other. In order to turn energy into mass a reaction such as fussion occurs. Fussion takes chaotic particles such as hydrogen and fuses them together to make a more complex structure. Energy is released in the procees which is an equal to or a greater amount of chaos than what amount of organization that was created. To sum it up, if an organized structure is created than an equal or greater amount of chaos is the result.
better than my chem teacher
cool
Earlier, I was confused a lot about entropy but after watching your video I understood the concept of entropy
Yes it was helpful
Its pretty helpfulllllll