@Sander Jansen Simpel... AM (Ante meridiem: Before noon ) is 's nachts en 's ochtends. PM (Post meridiem: After noon) is 's middags en 's avonds. There you go! 😉
Ochtend to me as a native Dutch speaker feels foggy, cold, and quite dewy. I associate it with around 4am to 7am. Morgen feels nicer, like 8 am to 11 am . Maybe it’s me, but certain Dutch words evoke particular feelings rather than something explainable or tangible.
2nd that ... ochtend is getting out of bed .. brrr cold ..... especially during winter times.. morning starts when at the dinner table, getting ready to leave the house... just had a good 'kopje or as we say in belgium 'bakske' koffie/thee' .. i'm warmed up now, ready for the day !!!
I would associate "ochtend' more with morning dew, and 'morgen' more with the rising sun as well, but do not attach a differnt time to them. It's more that when its a foggy cold morning I'm more inclined to refer to it as 'ochtend' and when its a clear warm morning I'm more inclined to refer to it as 'morgen'
The funny twist is that if the British say half four and take the hours difference in mind and say "so it's half five in the Netherlands ' it adds up. The Dutch will answer yes it's 'half vijf'.😊
@@linkvos8151 ja dat is net de twist, dat de Engelse toch de goede Nederlandse tijd zegt zonder het te weten. Snap jij hét nog. (The hour difference is key). 😆
If it makes you feel any better.... every Dutch person struggles with learning the time as a child. It takes practise and we've had most of our lives to practise it. You just started learning it as an adult.
That is not because it's hard to learn, it's because you are a kid and learning new things. Everything is hard cause it is all new to you. No one in class had a hard time picking up the time cause this is the system we use, we learn it as a kid, it's not making it more complex for us to learn it cause we have no other reference. Our struggle to learn the time as a kid isn't different then any other kids in the world learning reading their time system I reckon. I myself, and many with me struggle with AM and PM stuff cause we didn't learn that, we have a 24 hour clock instead of Am and PM. Yet had I learned that as a kid it would be easy and hour 24 hour system would be weird and a struggle. The only reason I struggled with the 24 hour clock system (reading digital clocks) was because when we learned it at school, I was sick that day so I didn't understand you had to withdraw 12 from it when it was going 13:00 and up.
For me as a native Dutch speaker, ochtend is from 06:00 to 12:00, middag from 12:00 to 18:00, avond from 18:00 to midnight and nacht from midnight to 06:00. But there's definitely people who say 'nighttime' is when they sleep, so maybe from 10:00pm to 07:00am. Also, you'll often read in news articles something like 'het ongeluk gebeurde in de vroege uurtjes van zondagochtend' which could mean 04:00am, which actually is in the middle of the night. Damn we have a complicated language :') I think usually when you'd make plans with someone and they say 'oke, ik kom vanmiddag/vanavond langs', I think it's sort of implied (don't ask me why though) that for the middag, you'll contact each other around noon to further confirm the exact time (for instance texting them saying 'zal ik rond twee uur naar je toe komen?'). And I think with 'we spreken vanavond af', it's usually implied that you'll meet some time after dinner (which usually takes place between 6 and 7 pm) plus getting ready for whatever it is you'll do. If it's a night out, you'd probably meet around 9, if you're going to their house for drinks and a movie, maybe 8. It's funny because now that you've mentioned it, I definitely do this a lot with friends and never really noticed that it's kinda weird. We just go 'Laten we gezellig een drankje doen vanavond, leuk! Nou dan zie ik je vanavond!' And people will just show up sometime between 8 and 9 :p
Dankjewel ik ik dacht dat ik de enige was. Ik iriteer me hieraan. Zo zie ik het Vroeg in de ochtend: 6:00 - 8:00 Midden in de ochtend: 8:00 - 10:00 Laat in de ochtend: 10:00- 12:00 om 12 uur begint de middag Vroeg in de middag : 12:00 - 14:00 Midden in de middag: 14:00 - 16:00 Laat in de middag: 16:00 - 18:00 Om 18H begint de avond Vroeg in de avond: 18:00 - 20:00 Midden avond: 20:00 - 22:00 Laat in de avond: 22:00 - 00:00 Om 12 begint de nacht Vroeg in de nacht: 00:00 - 2:00 Midden nacht: 2:00 - 04:00 Laat in de nacht: 4:00 - 6:00 En de ochtend begint om 6 uur. Op deze manier maak ik afspraken
@@jojannekevisscher9923 oudere generaties in Limburg, BE, althans, al hoorde ik het de nineties als kind ook wel eens op de Nederlandse openbare omroep :) achternoen is namiddag, bvb. Vergelijkbaar met het Engelse "noon" :) TAAL IS COOL 😎
@@jojannekevisscher9923 Hier in Limburg, België :) Ik denk dat het heel Vlaanderen gebruikt werd, maar jullie hebben Friezen, wij hebben West-Vlaamingen :D Regio kan erg verschillen. Vooral oudere generaties gebruiken het, soms ook wel eens te lezen in een oude print van Suske & Wiske of Jommeke of een oude aflevering van Samson & Gert. Dat zijn schatten van archaïsch Vlaams taalgebruik :) Het leek me dat "noen" een oud Germaans of zelfs proto Germaans woord was, met verwanten in oud Noors, maar het is in feite iets Latijns: Noen komt van het Latijnse "none" wat stond voor de negende uur van de dag. Voor een gemiddelde Middeleeuwer (vanwaar 'ie ook is!) startte een dag om 6u en volgden daarop drie dagdelen van 9u elk. Het eerste dagdeel is om 15u afgerond en dan volgde een maaltijd (vaak ook gebedstijd). Gek genoeg is "de noen" reeds jaar en dag "15u", maar later herschreven de vaak Kerkelijke wetten het schema, naarmate we evolueerden naar andere dagritmes. Voor mijn grootouders en vele oudere generaties was "noen" echter 12u, alles ervoor "voor de noen" en alles erna "achternoen" :) Much like "afternoon" :D
We do have ‘namiddag’ (afternoon), for me personally middag feels like 11:30-13-30 and afternoon is 13:30-17:30/18:00 after that it’s avond In Belgium we do use ‘kwart na’ instead of ‘kwart over’ too
Especially when they say 'half four', which means half 5 to me... It took me a long time to actually realize that this was happening. Always get people to write it down in full if you're uncertain: 12:34 is understandable to most people, vier over half een maybe not. Then again, I feel it's not as bad as the french are with their counting in twenties.
Yea, night times are weird in Dutch. Typically, 2am is still part of the Wednesday if you haven't slept yet, but it's part of the Thursday if you wake up at that time. To avoid confusion, most people use "de nacht van woensdag op donderdag". To add some confusion when it comes to "middag": if old people say "rond de middag" they mean "around noon", not "somewhere during the afternoon". This even confuses a lot of (younger) Dutch people.
And for further confusion there is "tussen de middag" (in between midday) which seems to be from 12.00 to 13.00 when kids get time from school to return home for lunch.
@@BlacksmithTWD Ik bedoel gewoon Vlaanderen. Wat ik hier lees hoe jullie het doen in Nederland is mij volledig vreemd. Geen voor- of namiddag te bespeuren.
Swedes have perfected this trust me, we have the worst phrase on Earth, Ses i bitti, see you early... or see you in small piece of time. But even though it might seem like it means see you soon, if one looks at the words meanings literally, however it is used to mean see ya tomorrow, as it was used more commonly as ses i morgon bitti, meaning see you tomorrow morning, however people don't really care to think that the Early hours exists so they say the phrase and they show up in the afternoon... Because who cares about how specific a meaning a word has... The phrase would be perfectly good if people used it correctly...
When we say "Drie (3) uur 's nachts/vannacht" contect determines wether that's last night or the upcoming night. 's nachts can, given the context, also refer to any other night. Our days are from 00:00:00 to 23:59:59 using 24 hour time is often sufficient. Ochtend = 06:00 to 12:00 Middag = 12:00 to 18:00 Avond = 18:00 to 00:00 Nacht =00:00 to 06:00 Though, depending on who you ask, Ochtend can stard at 04:00 or 05:00 Namiddag can start at 15:00 or 16:00 or doesn't exist. Avond can end at 22:00
When we just moved here I missed many appointments. When ever I was supposed to be there at "half vier" I would show up at 4:30. Mess it up often enough and you will learn the hard way like I did.
To make the Dutch sound more natural, use the past tense less and opt for “wat heb je vanmorgen gedaan” instead of “wat deed je vanmorgen”. Goes for the other examples as well.
@@vizuz It is, but the rules about the time you use it for vary. For example: "Ik speel hockey sinds ik vijf ben" would be "I have played hockey since I was five". So it sure is something to look at.
I think that in Dutch time telling the day is actually divided in 48 parts rather than 24. In the language the halfs are equal to the whole hours and are 'treated' the same by the minutes. So in English 'half past' relates to the hour like the quarters and minutes relate to the whole hour, while in Dutch the quarter and the minutes relate to both the whole hours and the half hours in the same way. Only the 'kwart voor half 3' and 'kwart over half 3' have been skipped in favour of the whole hour because they are the same times, and otherwise it would get confusing :) Remeber it's not half to 3 as in half past 2, it is/would translate as half 3. It's the false equivalence that makes the confusion. Surprised you didn't mention 'tussen de middag', which is between the morning and afternoon and often used for lunch break. The name makes no sense because it translates as 'between the afternoon' allthough middag would literally translate as mid day. Nacht and night are not equivalent either. In Dutch 'nacht' is really reserved for the dark part, when the people are asleep. Maybe that makes the evening and therefore also the afternoon longer.
0:00-06:00 nacht 06:00-12:00 ochtend 12:00-18:00 middag 18:00-24:00 avond Morgen: Het moment waarop je wakker wordt en aan de dag begint, dus meestal in nacht of de ochtend Tussen de middag: periode van tijd rond 12:00, ongeveer van 11:30-13:30, meestal aangegeven vanwege de lunch (wat weer middageten wordt genoemd) Namiddag: ongeveer vanaf 16:30 tot 18:00, vaak gezien als de tijd na werk maar voor het diner, oftewel avondeten.
The most confusing part about the 24 hour system is that it's actually mostly/only used in written form. When you speak about the time for example 18:00 is not "achttien uur" (eightteen o'clock), but "zes uur 's avonds" (six o'clock in the evening). So when you tell the time between 13:00 and 23:59 out loud you'll have to extract 12 hours. 0:00 becomes twelve o'clock again and 0:30 becomes "half één" (half one, meaning half past twelve).
I'm a package delivery guy for my job, and after 11:00 I will generally check my watch as I say "Goede...morgen!" or "Goede *check* middag!" Very often the customer will check his watch too and remark on the time. "Huh, it's already noon?!" Or "Yes, it's still morning."
I deliberately say "Good evening" when it's just before 18:00h and when I get someone correcting me (which is invariably the case), I explain that the afternoon is almost over, so there is little point in wishing them a good afternoon anymore and instead I like to already wish for them to have the most agreeable evening. And then everybody's happy.
In NL I'd say voormiddag (vooraan in de middag) is between 12 and 15. Namiddag is then from around 15 to 18. In Belgium voormiddag is indeed from around 9 to 12 and the namiddag is from 12 to 15 or so. But in NL I'd say the afternoon is just divided into 2 subparts.
Hi Casey, great video once again. You mentioned how the Dutch use 24-hour time. Actually, we only do that on paper, in time tables, on calendars and such. In the spoken language, however, we will usually use 12-hour time, and add "in de morgen, middag, avond of nacht" or some equivalent as appropriate. Additionally, as a result of seeing so many English spoken movies, films and shows on TV, TH-cam and Netflix, the modern Dutch are getting quite flexible. When we're talking to non-Dutch people, some of us will gladly use 24-hour time in conversation, just to prevent confusion. So, if I want to make an appointment to see you tomorrow at 7:30 PM, I might say "Ik zie je morgen om 19 uur 30", which is short and to the point. Not all of us, yet (actually only just a few), but we're getting there. As for telling time in Dutch, yeah, it's like Zoë Van den broek says: we learn it from a young age, we grow into it. So it's no miracle that foreigners have a harder time getting used to it. Eventually, if you do it often enough, it will get easier. Remember this joke: a man carrying a violin case holds up a kid in the street and asks "young man, can you tell me how I get to the opera house?", to which the kid answers "practice, practice, practice, sir!"
I am a native Dutch speaker from Belgium. 15:30 "Vijftien uur dertig" of "half vier" 15:20 "Vijftien uur twintig" of "twintig over drie" of "tien voor half vier" 15:40 "Vijftien uur veertig" of "twintig voor vier" of "tien over half vier" Furthermore, in Flanders, we say NA instead of OVER :D
For me all times that are not quarter, half or a full hour depend on what is important for that particular time. For instance if I need to catch a train at 10:30 and the time is 10:20, I won't say 'het is twintig over tien' I would rather day 'het is tien voor half elf' because it gives me a better picture of the time I have left to catch the train. On the other hand if something is taking longer than it should like when someone arrives 20 minutes later, I'd say 'het is al twintig over 10' instead of 'het is al tien voor half 11'. Personnally I don't think that it really matters which one you use as long as it is understood.
I live in Friesland and I don’t think I ever hear people say “10 voor half 5”.. We (or at least I) would say “20 over 4”. If it’s 16:25, I do say “5 voor half 5”
@@DouweBuruma regional differences I guess.... My family uses the Saxon crazy G, just like people do in Hollandic. Yet the rest uses the Hard Frisian G - which the people who speak Anglo Saxon english also do btw. Maybe some Frisians use 20 to 6 in Frisian and in result also in Dutch..... Its possible....
Just remember all the dutch kids have to learn it the other way around, which is basically just as difficult. If all the kids can do it, I believe you can do it too!
For me, 'begin van de middag' would be from 12:00 to 14:00 and 'einde van de middag' would be from around 16:00 to 18:00. Now I see the timetable and it says exactly the same :)
Well van morgen en van ochtent is a choice what you feel is best for the sentince. The day times: Oxhtent 00:00 to 12:00 Middag 12:00 to around 16:00 Avond 16:00 to 00:00 Nacht is when its dark outside midden in de nacht is around 00:00 Dutch is a lot of inprovising.
Although I have lived in UK all my life my first language was Dutch with some English (Dutch father/British mother spoke mainly Dutch to each other), and this video makes me realise how instinctive the two ways of telling the time are to me, and how difficult it would be for me to explain.
Belgian here, Antwerp/Brabant area. Thinking of it, I usually split the hour in sections of 20 minutes: - 13:00 to 13:20 > "X na 1", - 13:21 to 13:39 => "X voor/na half 2", - 13:40 to 14:00 => "X voor 2". When accuracy is not required, I round to the nearest 5 minutes. I round up when we have to hurry, down when I don't want to leave soon ;)
I have lived here for 55 years. I always confirm any appointment using the 24 hour clock. I just do it automatically. The strangest thing I found was saying goodbye after midnight. This purely depends on the situation. Leaving a party or other social gathering I would say 'Goede Avond' not 'Goede Nacht'. 'Goede Nacht' and 'Welterusten' are reserved for intimate friends and partners. "Goede Nacht' means you are retiring and going to bed.
As a Belgian guy, to me, ochtend/morgen is from 6:00 to about 10:00, voormiddag from 10:00 to 12:00 (sometimes it starts a bit earlier, depends when you're awake), 12:00 to 14:00 is middag, then 14:00 to 18:00 is namiddag, 18:00 to 23:00 is avond, and 23:00 to 6:00 is nacht. I think a day is (sort of) divided in the parts when you have meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner) and the time in between meals?
Edit: I thought to myself this can't be right what your saying with regards to afternoon and that it doesn't include the time between 12 and 3 so i just looked it up. "afternoon | ɑːftəˈnuːn | noun the time from noon or lunchtime to evening" It isn't necessarily an english thing as much as it is an Australian thing. Afternoon in England also just means from twelve to six. Just down under they use it from three to six.
guess how that happened ... first law of us ozzies: let's extend midday break and shorten afternoon... so we have to work less for the queen... after all she's still in her castle half the world between us....
5:17, vanDale is abn correct however most people just use context and don't really hold themselves to the rule. For me I keep track of time using greetings so: Goeiemorgen is everything before 12.00 Goeiemiddag is everthing after 12 until like 17:00 / 18:00 or whatever dinnertime is for that day and Goeieavond is everything after dinnertime. If you going to do something smiddags meeting at 13:00 is the standard where I live. Doing something savonds depends on the context really but generally after dinner around 19:30 (unless the activity is dinner)
Don't rely too much on the Van Dale, it has been changed so much for no apparent reason it's just confusing for us as well (trips the judges of the national 'dictee' even) 🤣 Also, 'Tien voor half elf' and 'twintig over tien' are both perfectly fine if you have problems with those half hours 😉
@@eldin0074 my boyfriend is from Friesland and says this. I never heard anyone say that either ever before, and it still confuses me every time (I'm from Noord-Brabant) and my brain goes in error mode. Twintig voor 10, 20 over 5. Wait what?! :')
I can easily understand the time in Dutch - but one can simply say 3 uur 33, for example, which is easier! But the nature related term land cannot be misused in names - only I reflect nature related terms etc!
For example, kwart voor half 3 literally means that it’s a quarter before half 3 aka 2:30 in Dutch, and, when one hears half 3 or half any other hours, all they have to do is substract 1 hour and add 30 minutes, and then if it’s kwart VOOR half 3 / 2:30 aka before it means that it is 2:15 and if it’s kwart OVER half 3 it means it is 2:45) but, one can simply say 3 uur 15 etc instead, which is how many say it nowadays!
The misused big terms boyfriend and mar (in Marieke) must be edited out / changed, as love related terms and big / nature terms etc cannot be misused in names / comments etc by others - mar means sea in Spanish (nature related term) and the words like bf / friend / lover etc only reflect my pure protectors aka the alphas, and love related terms only reflect me the only lovable being, while love and bfs only exist for me, and humn ‘reIationships’ and all other wrong things are to be b4nned in the NW, and all dudes should be loyal to me!
In my opinion it is fine to just say the 12 hour digital time out loud. for example, if the time is 13:52 you can just say "1 uur 52" (een uur tweeënvijftig)
Honestly, I think the first part about vanmorgen and vanochtend is kind of in your head😅 (also middag is just 12:00 to 18:00 so every time inside that timeframe you’d just put ‘s middags in front of it)
It is fun to see how confusing telling time is in Dutch. I am Dutch and married to a Chilean and actually we are trilingual at home. So together with are kids we have our own way of talking in private, we say sentences that contain Spanish, Dutch and english al in one. To my kids I speak in Dutch like 80 % of the time and when I say ‘10 over half 8’ they beg me to say it in spanish because it is too confusing to them! Keep up with the nice videos, I always enjoy watching them, by the way your Dutch is really good!
I'm from Belgium. I remember learning about "tien voor half zes" in elementary. I know Belgium is known for being a complex country but not without it's reasons, but the one thing I always struggled with is telling the time in ABN. However nobody even talks like that, and it's completely pointless!
I too feel like in Belgium we learn it this way (the official dutch way, ABN) in school, but then never ever use it in real life. I think we all just say 20 after or 20 before.
So hours go in incraments of 5 minutes we start at midnight 00:00 or 12 o'clock am Then its 5 mintes after so 5 past 12 (vijf over twaalf) then add 5 minutes its 10 past 12 (tien over twaalf) add 5 more minutes and its quarter past 12 (kwart over twaalf) then when the next 5 minutes gets added its working towards the half hour so 00:20 is ten before half 1 (tien voor half 1) i spell it literally if you wonder then 5 before half 1 (vijf voor half 1 ) and then the whole half 1 (half 1) then work after again till quarter to 1 (kwart voor 1 ) and then work towards 1 again If you wonder about the 24 hour clock just subtract 12 hours
As a native Dutch speaker I still struggle with the offsets before and after hours and half hours, and I am actually good at math. The best way for me to cope with it is the picture it as the dials on an analog clock. (which I then convert to a digital time because analog time is a nightmare) Over my lifetime I have seen a shift in the usage of analog clocks to digital clocks and with that shift the way we talk about time has also shifted. It is now also perfectly acceptable in Dutch to do what you are used to do in English and call out a digital time as 'zestien uur twintig' (16:20 or 4:20 pm), this is quicker to say then 'tien voor half vijf ('smiddags)' and takes less mental arithmetic for both the speaker and the listener. Even though this doesn't help you in understanding people who prefer convoluted time over easy time, it does make it a lot easier for you to talk about time. I also use this to check whether I did my math right, so if someone asks me 'zullen we afspreken om tien voor half vijf', I would respond with 'Ok, dan zie ik je om zestien uur twintig'
I do exactly the same, the check with the time repeated in the more "digital" format to prevent mixups. I do a similar thing when writing down a wifi password or phonenumber and the numbers are given as "twaalf, vierendertig, vijvenzestig, achtenzeventig" instead of "1 2 3 4 pauze 5 6 7 8" Its a generational thing I guess.
In Belgium we say the minites past or to like in English, But we still say half five instead of half past four. But " 's midachs" is in Belgium between 12 and 13, after 13 we say "namiddag".
Well Casey, even Westflemings got tired of the 'half' time, we simply refer to half times like 'drie uur dertig'. Thereby of course confusing all other Dutch speakers ☺
Vlaams Brabander hier, wij zeggen 4 en een half, ipv half vijf. Dus we doen het omgekeerder van de rest. Maar tegenwoordig is het idd geen probleem meer om de minuten uit te spreken alsof je een digitale klok leest.
in The Netherlands we use 24-hour time but in practice in day-to-day life a 12 hour time is almost always used so 00:00 is midnight, 12:00 is twelve o'clock, 13:00 is one o'clock in the afternoon. the 24 hour designation is pretty much only used when making appointments and reservations.
But besides morgen and ochtend both meaning morning and morgen also meaning tomorrow. We have this funny thing that’s morgenochtend, which is tomorrow morning. Just to spice things up you know 😂
I use the 24 hour clock. Any time i set a date or time verbally, i ask if it's indeed that time, but in 24 hour format. So often i mistook "half vier" voor "half vijf". In my head i know it, but for some reason the processing goes awry. So for "half vier", i ask to confirm if it's indeed "15:30".
You're right, in Belgium we usually opt for a simpler way, based on every half hour. "Tien voor half elf" (ten minutes before 10:30), we would call "twintig na tien" (twenty past ten).
Being from Flanders, I never ever say "tien over half vijf", that's just super impractical. We just say "twintig voor zes". My countrymen from the coast even drop that and just say "vijf uur veertig".
I, in het mooie oosten, also say "vijf uur veertig" because it is easily translatable to virtual time 5:40 or the time on the clock⏰ and also to calculate with if you have to walk 13 mimutes and need to be there at 8:55 or whatever youknow. Most practical :)
Although it’s not wrong in Belgium we almost never say “ 10 voor half 5” . We would just say 4:20 or 20 na 4 or 16:20… basically we don’t use military time that much. We’ll just for example say “ morgenavond om 8u” . Middag for us is noon, everything between noon and evening is considered as the afternoon. We will also say “ in de morgen” which means “ in the morning” I think in Belgium we lean more towards the English and French language without necessarily using English words if that makes sense….
Och, Casey... wat moet jij blij zijn geen radiouitzendingen van DJ-duo Bart van Leeuwen en Erik de Zwart ("Bart & de Zwart") in de jaren tachtig te hebben gehoord! "Jaaah, en daarmee staat de klok alweer op tien over kwart voor half drie en is het de hoogste tijd voor..."
To speed up the process voor "tien over half" etc., try picturing an analog clock/watch instead of digital time. That makes it easy to visualize what the words are describing. So for "tien over half vier" you're seeing the big hand is slightly past the halfway mark. If it's "tien voor half vier" you see that it's slightly ahead of the halfway mark on the other side. I think that's probably where the whole idea of saying time like that came from.
In Dutch we do use 24 hour time in writing and on digital clocks, but in speech we do often use 12 hour time and add the time of day to it, so 8 am would be "acht uur 's ochtends" 2 pm would be "2 uur 's middags", 8 pm would be "acht uur 's avonds", and 2 am would be "2 uur 's nachts", that's probably part of why we divide the time in rigid slots of 6 hours each. am/pm especially gets confusing for me at 12 o clock (noon and midnight), I always need to look it up to be sure. the half thing actually gets me as a Dutch native speaker who has learned English as a 2nd language at near native level (including frequently thinking in English) and I just really prefer it if people say/write the time as hour:minutes so 9:30 (nine thirty, negen uur dertig) because whenever I hear a half time (or see someone write it as they would say it), I always have to actively think about whether that's before or after (slightly less with "half past...", but when Brits drop the "past" but still have it implied, it gets really confusing for me), and even then I tend to trip myself up by overthinking it. For times of 13-24/00 it's fine to use those 13-24/00 numbers, or use the 12 hour time plus the time of day ((after)noon, evenig, (mid)night) but preferably not am/pm.
6:43, there is a trick here so you dont have to learn 24 hour time. However i don’t know if this suits you as it comes back to your first point. I by far most often say “3 uur s’middags” which means, 3pm, but you have to learn what’s middag and what’s avond. Easiest way i can explain it: nacht 12-6am; morgen 6am-12pm; middag 12-6pm; avond 6pm-12am.
I had an algemeens teacher in Belgium (I think he was from West Flanders but lived in Gent?) a while ago who led me to believe that ochtend is for the dark hours of the morning (before sunup) and morgen is for the light hours of the morning (after sunup). Also the line between avond and nacht was always blurry for me and nacht could definitely overlap with ochtend: if you were awake past midnight it's nacht and if you're awake before sunup it's ochtend (assuming you get all your 8ish hours), or something like that. My family in West Flanders will read 24-hour time and say it as if it were in 12-hour: om 15u = om drie uur, om 20u = om acht uur. They'd also definitely say "kwart na" over "kwart over". And bless how my family uses half hours: 16:30 is not half vijf, 't es vuvve 'n olf; literally just "[hour] and half". The above mentioned teacher always said I sounded too West when I tried telling the time, among other occasions.
The 6 hr division you reference is linked to the logic of the quarter time division overlapping the half/full division. It is linked to the motion or action the person is in. Morning is after you slept, evening night is before you sleep.
I'm from Belgium and tho I learned the 'half vijf' and stuff in school we never really use it, at least where I'm from. So when I was at my best friends house who is dutch it was always very confusing to me. But for me it helps to first focus on the minutes and then look at the hour. Like: '10 voor half vijf' first look at the '10 voor half' = 20 and then look at 'half vijf' and know it's 4:20. So I gues think in the order you hear it. First you hear the minutes then the hour.
Two things, The van Dale may call 2:00 the past day, but I've never heard anyone actually use that. Whether or not that is night or morning is kind of up for debate/interchangable. Usually if you want to emphasize how early/inconvenient that time is, you say night. Also, the whole "tien voor half" kind of thing is only a problem if you want to understand someone who uses that way of describing time. You can just say "Twintig over tien" or "twintig voor tien" and nobody will find that odd.
I did some research on the internet. From 00:00 PM to 6:00 AM = Night. From 6:00 Am to 12:00 = Morning. From 12:00 PM to18:00 PM = Afternoon. From 18:00 PM to 00:00 PM = evening.
As a Dutch native speaker for me the day is divided in 6h parts; 00:00-06:00 = nacht(night). 06:00-12:00 = morgen/ochtend (almost always interchangeable) =morning 12:00-18:00 = middag(afternoon) 18:00-00:00 = avond(evening). I would consider all deviations from this, personal or regional deviations, they can confuse Dutch people from different regions aswell.. If people use other terms for telling the time, don't hesitate to ask for clarification, because I do too as a native Dutch speaker from the province Overijssel I often have to ask my friend from around Eindhoven what she means. For example when she is talking dinner time, she means like 7 (19:00) where dinner time for me in Overijssel is 17:00 to 17:30 This is common in many regions, because in the north of the UK, going for tea means having dinner, freaking confusing The day starts officially at 00:00 which means the night is the next day. I know that some people do not abide by this, but this is how it officially is. This however is usually ignored in casual talks about nightlife.. so I went to the bar on Friday night (even if that was at 01:00, so technically Saturday), but remember that is only because that person hasn't slept yet. yes when thinking ochtend it feels more like early morning, but it is not the official meaning, therefore ochtend = morning or 06:00 to 12:00. There is the same confusing problem in English, because tonight and evening are also very often mixed or partly overlapping at least in both the UK and America. focusing on the hour coming like half elf for 10:30, is what most people in the world do in most languages, as far as I understand it is almost only English speakers that focus on the hour in the past. (maybe English influenced languages and countries aswell) 24h system is widely used in Europe, not just The Netherlands, even in Britain they very well know how to use the 24h system even if officially they will use am and pm. am and pm used to confuse me very much, because the time indicator doesn't start at the start of the day, but half way so 12:00 instead of 00:00, that is why for me the 24h time is soo much simpeler in some cases since a day has 24 hours instead of juggling with 2x12. When casually talking you will not use a 24 h system nor the am or pm, but that is no different from English. since you wouldn't say I went to the supermarket for groceries at 4 pm.. you would just sayI went to the supermarket for groveries at 4, since everyone would assume it would be in the afternoon, it is no different with the 24 hour system and if you do have to clarify, you would say 4 in the afternoon (4 uur 's middags) the 's in 's middags is norm now, but it come from older Dutch des middags which meant in de middag (in the afternoon). I would say the only odd one which can be hard is the 10 or 5 minutes before and over half. but the rule is more simple then you realise right now 16:05 = 5 over 4 16:10 = 10 over 4 HEEL UUR 16:15 = kwart over 4 -------------------------------------------- 16:20 = 10 voor half 5 16:25 = 5 voor half 5 16:30 = half 5 HALF UUR 16:35 = 5 over half 5 16:40 = 10 over half 5 ------------------------------------------ 16:45 = kwart voor 5 16:50 = 10 voor 5 16:55 = 5 voor 5 HEEL UUR 17:00 5 uur see the pattern? everything between 20 and 40 in minutes will be for half and over half. technically the quarter hours are the breakpoints here You can nowadays say 20 over 4 instead of 10 voor half 5, but only when used in casual talks, there is some interchangeability in it, you can play with it a bit, you will be understood either way, Dutch people nowadays mix them up more and more frequent. I wouldn't worry too much about it when it comes to causal talk. the official way is explained above I really hope I could be of some help to you or to anyone trying to get her or his head around this concept of time in the Dutch language
Seems like you would have a hard time in Norway too, we have the same way of the dividing up the day, and the same way of telling time. Halv fire (half four) is 15:30.
Many terms reflect a century ago. When people got up before it got light. So the morning was actually long, like from 4, 5 o'clock until 12:00. So then the morning is as long as the afternoon. Then also "kleine uurtjes" makes sense, because you got both "getting up early" as well as "going out until late
5:05 I have never used or seen that before but it can vary between The Netherlands and Belgium(I'm Belgian), I don't know. But it also looks weird to me so...
Morgen and Ochtend are interchangable. It depends on what words are around it, and you pick whatever makes the sentence flow better. Wat deed je vanochtend or wat deed je vanmorgen mean exactly the same. Sometimes you'd pick Ochtend over Morgen to avoid confusion. It's the thing where your brain fills in information instead of just listening/reading it when available. So when you ask some one what they did this morning, they'll start telling you about what they're planning to do tomorrow. Because all they picked up was "doen" en "morgen". It's somewhere on the levels of "je" en "jij". You'll use je more, even though jij can go everywhere je goes. But you'll sort of save the Jij for when you really need to point out some one specific or when the words around je would sort of drown out the je and make the sentence not flow. As for the times; yes, it's messy and weird. Tien over half zes is a mouthful when english speakers would just go five-forty. But then in english you also have weird ways of saying it. Like Half past seven becomes "Half eight". In dutch, we do this too and for us it sounds absolutely fine, but if you're used to hearing half-past-whatever, suddenly hearing "half eight" makes you think you heard it wrong and it's half-past-eight. Anyway :P Good luck getting a grasp on this kind of dutch nonsense. Your pronunciation is quite good for a non-native speaker. :)
The way i see it is that in english the time is more pronounced the way you would see it on a clock (five twenty is 5:20, three forty is 3:40) the dutch tend to discrobe the time more, so één uur (one o'clock) is the point in time the first hour has passed. Half twee (half past one) is the point in time the first half of the second hour has passed. Tien voor half vier ( 3:20 ) is the point in time it will take ten more minutes until the first half of the forth hour has passed. Tien over half vier ( 3:40 ) is the point in time which is ten minutes past the time the first half of the 4th hour has passed. So the english tend to discribe what the clock would display at what point in time it is, the dutch tell you the point in time and skip what the clock would say. Hope it helps.
Do you have an old fashioned clock? The rules are: - check if big hand is closest to the hour or half hour - use distance to hour or half hour to get the number of minutes before or after. - if it is exactly inbetween hourr/half hour, you are at quarter to or after. Visualizing it usually helps a fair bit... at least if you are used to an old fashioned clock with hands instead of a modern one with just numbers.. :-)
In Flanders we put the focus on the hour and say '20 na 10' (not 'over') instead of '10 voor half elf'. Sections of the day are in order Morgen, Voormiddag, Namiddag, Vroege avond, Laatavond, Nacht. When referring to a time at night it's counted as part of the previous day 'Woensdag nacht 2 uur' = Thursday 02:00 AM.
@5:30 good question ... it will always be a point of minor contention, but sort of kinda though I do think these days the english system/nomenclature for that is more common now...again like with middag the "nacht" point of 12 o clock is not a startpoint but a mid point, so woensdagnacht becomes the night that follows the wednesday but because its a division of days its both really the night that belongs to both the wednesday and thursday ....so basicly the "new day" starts at sunrise...but again I do think the english nomenclature is more common now... practically it matters little because most people are asleep at night
About the night-time. It pretty much depends on if you're allready awake, or still awake. 4AM on a saturday, could be "friday night at 4" if you are going out for example, or "saturday early morning" if you have to get up early for work. as far as I know, there indeed isn't a specific rule for it. The way I see it generally: 00-06 = night, 06-12 morning, 12-18 afternoon (but when speaking, usually 12-15 = voormiddag 15-18 = namiddag.) 18-00 is evening.
To confuse you a bit more: a trainticket is valid from 0:00 up to 4:00 the next day. Those 4 hours are still the night of the day before. Logical because your journey will never end at exact 12 PM or should I say 0:00....... to me that feels a minute later.
That relates directly to the railway schedule though, adding the hours from 00:00 to 04:00 to the _previous day_ doesn't really mean anything outside of the NS (Dutch Railways).
@@evabakker Not really, when you say Saterdaynight, you also mean the hours after midnight. When you say: I came home in the middle of the night, thats not at 12 but at 4 AM.
2 uur 's nachts or 2 uur 's morgens is the same time on th clock, but the big difference is that if your "day" is ongoing (before you go to bed) is it 2 uur 's nachts, but is you have to get up at 2 to go to the airport for instance, then it is 2 uur smorgens, beginning of your day. But the clock it is the same, but in your feeling it is not. about the time... you use the hour to tell where you are, we split the hour in 4 quarters or 2 halfs and go from there.
Your assumption at around 5:00 is incorrect. However... In like weekend days it is often used. So if they say like "Zaterdag 2 uur 's nachts", they actually mean sunday morning 2 o'clock...
ahum ... so what she said was correct my friend .... she said they nacht still belongs to the day before... if I say, 'ik ben zaterdag tot 4u snachts gaan pintelieren' then you don't expect me home before 5am on sunday morning... the "nachts" actually belongs to the day when it started... we don't see it as 2 different times over here, it's counted until you go to bed, have 2 hrs crash sleep and wake up again to do your sunday duties with the family (and a big "kater", nope not a male cat, .. but a hangover as you probably guessed) Sunday starts when those eyes go open again... the ONLY EXCEPTION we make... is on newyears day... for obvious reasons...
@7:59 yes but actually...we are consisten and english is not here... so with quarters you do the same...so pick the mid hour then before and after... but with halves you pick the hour as a starting point and then go ; 12 thirty ...while if you were consistent then a quarter to 1 would be 12 and three quarters (hour as a starting point not a mid point) ..which you sometimes do do; so 12:45 .... I disregard the AM / PM thing (which are french terms btw) since it litterally doesnt matter besides that you start over at 12 and thus have "12 hour "days" then followed by another 12 hour "day" on the same dates ... 8 forthy-5 is the same as 20 forthy-5 in its contruction it's just that you then have to add something to make clear what 8 during that date you mean.. which derives from the fact that the clock itself and the constellations...which ultimately its derive from is a base 12
I'm native a dutch speaker from Belgium. I would say ochtend, middag, avond and nacht are defined by the time people generally eat. Ochtend and voormiddag are quite similar. Ochtend is from when people wake up until lunch or around 12 am but you could also refer to that period with voormiddag. Voormiddag can mean everything before middag but I generally use it to say late ochtend. Then middag is the period when people generally eat. So 12 am to around 2 pm. Namiddag would be from 2 pm to around 6 - 7 pm and then avond would be from 7 till 12 pm. Nacht is between 12 pm and wake up time.
Hmm, we have a voormiddag where I'm from, but it's from 11am til noon. So, basically a 1 hour time frame. We also have namiddag, which is kind of a lil vague, cuz it's either from 4pm (16:00uur) or 5pm (17:00uur) until 6pm (18:00uur). Soooooo, this one can be a 1 hour or a 2 hour time frame. Actually we use both 12 and 24 hour table. Just instead of am or pm, we specify the part of the day. Like for instance, 7uur 's avonds, 3uur, 's nachts, 7uur 's ochtends, or 3uur 's middags. And yes, the night oddly enough is part of the previous day. But only in spoken language, officially it is the next day once the clock hits 12pm (00:00uur(12uur ''s nachts in spoken language)). Yes, the clock is moving forward, so logically it is halfway to the next hour. Easy! 🤷 Also, it's not just us that do it this way around... Basically English is one of the few languages where it is done wrong. 😂 But we also do the minutes thing you thought is Belgian. Confused? Brilliant 😂👍 Edit, corrected a typo that made one sentence kinda weird.
Dutch is reportedly one of the hardest languages to master because of all the lil idiosyncrasies and exceptions and exceptions on top of the exceptions.
well the snachts part depends ... I mean if you talk about a party that happened at 2 am in the morning the day you'd consider it as yesterday, 'gisteren om 2 uur s'nachts', BUT if you talk about having to wake up at 2 am you will consider it as tommorow, morgen om 2 uur s'nachts... It depends if you slept between the 2. so in sort if you refer to 2 am in the passed it's considered yesterday, if you refer to it in te future it's tommorow
About using the time with the time and using ochtend, middag, avond and snachts. We often say things like 3 uur in de middag where you would say 3 pm. Same thing with ochtend, avond en nacht. Dus 9 uur in de ochtend is 9 am, 3 uur snachts is 3 am or 11 uur s'avonds for 11 pm. (Now I am hoping i got my am and pm right) Using the millitary 24 hour clock, well it is more precise then anything else and makes it harder to confuse things. 19.43 uur would be nineteenhundred fortythree or negentienhonderd drienveertig.
As a Belgian, the time notation "10 over half 5" (to indicate 4:40) isn't really used that much. It's more of an antiquated term. (At least it is in West-Flanders) What is used a lot still is the "Half 4" (to indicate 3:30). Personally I also find this rule to be very annoying, as half of 4 would be 2 (If you look at it from a maths' perspective). Therefore I always tend to say "3 uur 30" just like the English would say three-thirty. It is much clearer for everyone to understand.
5:25 I don't necessarily do that but sometimes I stay up that late and it would still feel like the wednesday (in this example) so for example if I callling with a friend until 2:00 then I'd say 'see you tomorrow' meaning the Thursday which would actually be today.. I don't know if this makes sense? It's more of a subconscious thing than really thinking about it..
You heard correctly; the day starts in the morning and the night belongs to the previous day. So friday evening 22:00 goes into friday night 2:00. When you reach 6:00 it becomes saturday. So the scheme on 5:44 is incorrect. As for telling time basically there has been a shift from analogue time as shown on (wall)clocks to digital time in 24 hours as shown on watches, phones, computers, etc. As a Dutch speaker I pretty much always confirm any appointment by translating it to the 24 hour clock. So if someone told me my appoinment would be 10 minutes before half past 4 then I would respond, ok so 16 uur 20. So basically you just need to memorize a table of all possible instances instead of trying to use logic to convert. Just like in French where they use 4 times 20 + 7 to say 87... As for the morgen. Morgen on it's own always means tomorrow. It only becomes interchangable with ochtend when you add stuff like deze morgen (this morning) and vanmorgen (from morning) and goede morgen (good morning).
I can imagine those halfs will mess you up. I've had similar trouble (actually reversed) with the English half times, whenever somebody just says "half five". I have to make a conscious effort to realize they mean "half past five" for it to make sense. So I guess going in reverse, you have to make the effort to realize that when you hear "half zes", what is actually being said is "half voor zes". Those minutes around half can be a bit tricky, but basically it's the same rule as there is with the whole hours. To be honest, I tend to favor both in English and Dutch to just say the whole minute thing, so "vijf uur dertig" / "five thirty" or maybe even just "vijf dertig", matching up with English exactly. I just find it much more clear and more convenient, less changes of errors ("was het nu kwart *voor* of kwart * over*?"). I also prefer digital clocks over analog clocks, and have done so all my life, I'm sure that ties into it as well. This also makes it easier to tell the exact time of day apart, as you can just say 20:30, without having to thing if it is meant to be in the morning or in the afternoon (you can imagine I've also struggled a bit with the whole AM/PM thing in English ;)).
its about the contest when you use goeiemorgen en morgen goeiemorgen use in a greating and morgen is more of a undicedet time and half 12 is... 30 past 11uur we see it like its a half hour left before its becomes 12 uur i hope it is a bit helpful
Before the OV-Chipkaart arrived - Dutch Railways (NS / Nederlandse Spoorwegen) used to sell dated tickets that were valid from 04.00 to 04.00 the next day, because people with round trip tickets would go somewhere and spend the evening there, and still needed to return home. In real life, many people roughly experience up til 03.00 as very late at night, and from 04.00 as very early morning.
Hi Casey. Concerning time, it might help to visualize an analogue clock. That’s how we learn our children (at least old geezers like myself dating from pre-digital times). That makes it easy as pie. ‘20’ is always ‘tien voor half’ and ‘40’ ‘tien over half’. Another basic rule (or custom, maybe) is that between 15 and 30 (‘half’), we use ‘voor’ - so 4:17 becomes ‘13 voor half vijf’. And similarly between 30 and 45 we use ‘over’ - 4:42 is ‘twaalf over half vijf’. Challenging, to say the least ;)
2:00 (AM): You can choose if you want to call it morning or night! :D No seriously. And a lot of people start calling it morning starting from about 4:00. They seem to relate "night" to when most people sleep and "morning" to when the sun might be up during summer and some people might have to get up for work on a farm or something. Others, like me, say everything between 00:00-06:00 is night...because that way you can partition the day up into neat 6 hour sections, like you did in your table.
To understand how the Dutch name parts of a day, you need to lose the clock and start looking at the time of day, the position of the sun and how people in Medieval times spent their time. I'm sure this is true for most languages/cultures, not only Dutch/Netherlands. 'Ochtend' - de vroege morgen (early morning), the time immediately after sunrise, daybreak. In English there's also 'dusk', depicting the time between night and sunrise: the sun is still behind the horizon, but its rays are already visible, driving away the dark of the night (dusk - 'Ochtendschemering', 'schemering' - shimmer). 'Laat in de ochtend' - late in the early morning, but can be interpreted as an hour after dusk. 'Morgen' - the period between sunrise and noon (at which the sun is at its highest point in the sky). Modern: 6:00 - 12:00. 'Laat in de morgen' - early in the morning, interpreted as 'after the morning coffee break'. 'Middag' - the period following the suns highest point and the time people usually end work. Modern: 12:00 - 18:00. 'Voormidddag' - early afternoon/first half, when work resumes. Modern: after lunch 13:30 - 15:00ish. 'Namiddag' - Second half of the afternoon, around tea time. 'Laat in de middag', late afternoon, but after the afternoon break/tea. Just before dawn arrives (dawn - 'Avondschermering') 'Avond' - the period between work end/arriving home and going to bed. Modern 18:00 - 00:00. 'Vooravond' - just after dinner, having taken a shower, about to have coffee/tea. Modern 19:30-21:30ish. 'Laat in de avond' - late in the evening, interpret as 'in the last (half) hour before going to bed'. 'Nacht' - Time when we sleep, from midnight until daybreak. Modern 00:00 - 6:00. 'Diep in de nacht' - deep at night, the time between halfway the night and before dusk. I think you can compare it to the Dutch using only 3 or 4 words for snow and the Inuits using 40 different words for snow depending on the time of day/year, amount of precipitation, snow conditions. You also would want to check the Dutch expression 'met de kippen op stok gaan' (going to bed early, when 'the chickens jump on their resting sticks' when the sun sets).
I'm dutch and, for me, a new day starts at midnight. Imagine it is 11:59 pm/23:59 on a Sunday... in 2 minutes it would be 00:01/12:01 am on Monday for me. It might just be a personal thing tho, just like people who believe a new week starts on Monday and people who think a new week starts on Sunday. I think people probably only see the moment they wake up as "a new day" or "morning." But, take my time right now, I am yelling about time at around 02:30 am... yet, would you call this 02:30 at night, or 2:30 in the morning? Both could be said and everyone would still understand what time it was.
for me as a belgian: ochtend: 6u-9u voormiddag: 9u-12u middag: when I eat: 12u-13u namiddag: 14u-18u avond: 18u-00u nacht: when i sleep: 00u - sunrise hh:15 = kwart na hh:20 = 20 na hh:25 = 5 voor half hh:30 = half hh:35 = 5 na half hh:40 = 20 voor hh:45 = kwart voor
Don't know about the Dutch, but here in Belgium (whereI live that is) "Tien voor half elf" isn't used but we say "Twintig na tien" which is twenty minutes past ten.
Some observations as a Flemish speaker I always found the Dutch use of "Middag" weird. Like, starting at about 2PM, I'd call it "namiddag", meaning afternoon. Also, where most Dutch people would say "tien over vijf" meaning ten past five, Belgians also often say "tien na vijf". Also, here's how I'd say every 5 minute increment before 4 and 5 o' clock: 4:00 - vier uur - four o' clock 4:05 - vijf na vier - five past four 4:10 - tien na vier - ten past four 4:15 - kwart na vier - quarter past four 4:20 - twintig na vier - twenty past four 4:25 - vijf voor half vijf - five to half five 4:30 - half vijf - half five 4:35 - vijf na half vijf - five past half five 4:40 - twintig voor vijf - twenty to five 4:45 - kwart voor vijf - quarter to five 4:50 - tien voor vijf - ten to five 4:55 - vijf voor vijf - five to five Although I feel like people of my generation and younger also often just sound out the 12 or 24 hour digital clock, like 16:30 might be spoken as "vier uur dertig" or "zestien uur dertig'.
As a Dutch man I never got the hang of PM and AM, every time I have to use google to find out what the time is in the USA.
Me neither
@Sander Jansen Simpel...
AM (Ante meridiem: Before noon
) is 's nachts en 's ochtends.
PM (Post meridiem: After noon) is 's middags en 's avonds.
There you go! 😉
Stokpaardje (stickhorsie) ;) A becomes before P so a new day starts with an Am and changes halfways to end in Pm.
The only thing that confuses me about AM and PM is that 12 AM and 12 PM are the wrong way around.
@@bonneharkema2458 Don't you mean "ezelsbruggetje"? A "stokpaardje" is a subject someone loves and keeps bringing up.
Ochtend to me as a native Dutch speaker feels foggy, cold, and quite dewy. I associate it with around 4am to 7am. Morgen feels nicer, like 8 am to 11 am . Maybe it’s me, but certain Dutch words evoke particular feelings rather than something explainable or tangible.
2nd that ... ochtend is getting out of bed .. brrr cold ..... especially during winter times.. morning starts when at the dinner table, getting ready to leave the house... just had a good 'kopje or as we say in belgium 'bakske' koffie/thee' .. i'm warmed up now, ready for the day !!!
@@BoGy1980 Ja precies! K’hou van Vlaams. Bakske koffie klinkt lekkerder dan een koppie :p
I would associate "ochtend' more with morning dew, and 'morgen' more with the rising sun as well, but do not attach a differnt time to them. It's more that when its a foggy cold morning I'm more inclined to refer to it as 'ochtend' and when its a clear warm morning I'm more inclined to refer to it as 'morgen'
@@tahirrizwan6759 Ik heb ook liever een mok dan een kopje.
@@tahirrizwan6759 In noord brabant zeggen we dat ook. Lekker bakske hedde gezet!
In the UK they also say half past four as half four, my dutch brain instantly goes into error because of that
The funny twist is that if the British say half four and take the hours difference in mind and say "so it's half five in the Netherlands ' it adds up. The Dutch will answer yes it's 'half vijf'.😊
No, ‘half past four’ betekent ‘half na vier’, dus half vijf. Haha, snap je het nog?
@@linkvos8151 ja dat is net de twist, dat de Engelse toch de goede Nederlandse tijd zegt zonder het te weten. Snap jij hét nog. (The hour difference is key). 😆
@@prutteltje1300 Hahaha, heel verwarrend vind ik het. Toch zeggen de Engelsen het wel goed.
@@AdderFTW888 4de uur is bereikt als je 12de uur als 0 uur beschouwd dus half vijf is in het vijfde uur
If it makes you feel any better.... every Dutch person struggles with learning the time as a child. It takes practise and we've had most of our lives to practise it. You just started learning it as an adult.
Believe me, as a kid I used to say things like "Half uur over kwart over 5 / 17:45".
It took me a while to get rid of that habit.
I didn't.
Yeah i learned it when i was 5 and 6
As a Dutch Adult for more than 30 years I still struggle with it. English Time and Numbers are more logical.
That is not because it's hard to learn, it's because you are a kid and learning new things. Everything is hard cause it is all new to you. No one in class had a hard time picking up the time cause this is the system we use, we learn it as a kid, it's not making it more complex for us to learn it cause we have no other reference. Our struggle to learn the time as a kid isn't different then any other kids in the world learning reading their time system I reckon.
I myself, and many with me struggle with AM and PM stuff cause we didn't learn that, we have a 24 hour clock instead of Am and PM. Yet had I learned that as a kid it would be easy and hour 24 hour system would be weird and a struggle.
The only reason I struggled with the 24 hour clock system (reading digital clocks) was because when we learned it at school, I was sick that day so I didn't understand you had to withdraw 12 from it when it was going 13:00 and up.
For me as a native Dutch speaker, ochtend is from 06:00 to 12:00, middag from 12:00 to 18:00, avond from 18:00 to midnight and nacht from midnight to 06:00. But there's definitely people who say 'nighttime' is when they sleep, so maybe from 10:00pm to 07:00am. Also, you'll often read in news articles something like 'het ongeluk gebeurde in de vroege uurtjes van zondagochtend' which could mean 04:00am, which actually is in the middle of the night. Damn we have a complicated language :')
I think usually when you'd make plans with someone and they say 'oke, ik kom vanmiddag/vanavond langs', I think it's sort of implied (don't ask me why though) that for the middag, you'll contact each other around noon to further confirm the exact time (for instance texting them saying 'zal ik rond twee uur naar je toe komen?'). And I think with 'we spreken vanavond af', it's usually implied that you'll meet some time after dinner (which usually takes place between 6 and 7 pm) plus getting ready for whatever it is you'll do. If it's a night out, you'd probably meet around 9, if you're going to their house for drinks and a movie, maybe 8.
It's funny because now that you've mentioned it, I definitely do this a lot with friends and never really noticed that it's kinda weird. We just go 'Laten we gezellig een drankje doen vanavond, leuk! Nou dan zie ik je vanavond!' And people will just show up sometime between 8 and 9 :p
Dankjewel ik ik dacht dat ik de enige was. Ik iriteer me hieraan.
Zo zie ik het
Vroeg in de ochtend: 6:00 - 8:00
Midden in de ochtend: 8:00 - 10:00
Laat in de ochtend: 10:00- 12:00
om 12 uur begint de middag
Vroeg in de middag : 12:00 - 14:00
Midden in de middag: 14:00 - 16:00
Laat in de middag: 16:00 - 18:00
Om 18H begint de avond
Vroeg in de avond: 18:00 - 20:00
Midden avond: 20:00 - 22:00
Laat in de avond: 22:00 - 00:00
Om 12 begint de nacht
Vroeg in de nacht: 00:00 - 2:00
Midden nacht: 2:00 - 04:00
Laat in de nacht: 4:00 - 6:00
En de ochtend begint om 6 uur.
Op deze manier maak ik afspraken
@@amosamwig8394 Helemaal mee eens. Dus wij zouden elkaar qua tijd niet mislopen, haha.
@@amosamwig8394 Irriteren is geen wederkerig werkwoord. Het irriteert je, of je ergert je eraan. Ergeren is wel wederkerig. Het is dus 'zich ergeren'.
@@donarnoldus7884 in de youtube comments maakt dat mij niezoveel uit ;) maar danku
Vir n Afrikaaner klink dit heel normaal!
You forgot the most important time when you working, "Tussen de middag".
This means basically lunchtime, usually between 12:00hr and 13:00hr
Of "bij de noen", although slightly archaic.
@@4t0m5k Die heb ik nog nooit gehoord! Waar wordt het gebruikt?
@@jojannekevisscher9923 oudere generaties in Limburg, BE, althans, al hoorde ik het de nineties als kind ook wel eens op de Nederlandse openbare omroep :) achternoen is namiddag, bvb. Vergelijkbaar met het Engelse "noon" :) TAAL IS COOL 😎
@@jojannekevisscher9923 Hier in Limburg, België :) Ik denk dat het heel Vlaanderen gebruikt werd, maar jullie hebben Friezen, wij hebben West-Vlaamingen :D Regio kan erg verschillen.
Vooral oudere generaties gebruiken het, soms ook wel eens te lezen in een oude print van Suske & Wiske of Jommeke of een oude aflevering van Samson & Gert. Dat zijn schatten van archaïsch Vlaams taalgebruik :)
Het leek me dat "noen" een oud Germaans of zelfs proto Germaans woord was, met verwanten in oud Noors, maar het is in feite iets Latijns: Noen komt van het Latijnse "none" wat stond voor de negende uur van de dag. Voor een gemiddelde Middeleeuwer (vanwaar 'ie ook is!) startte een dag om 6u en volgden daarop drie dagdelen van 9u elk. Het eerste dagdeel is om 15u afgerond en dan volgde een maaltijd (vaak ook gebedstijd).
Gek genoeg is "de noen" reeds jaar en dag "15u", maar later herschreven de vaak Kerkelijke wetten het schema, naarmate we evolueerden naar andere dagritmes. Voor mijn grootouders en vele oudere generaties was "noen" echter 12u, alles ervoor "voor de noen" en alles erna "achternoen" :) Much like "afternoon" :D
@@jojannekevisscher9923 het noenmaal werd ook gebruikt voor het middagmaal.
We do have ‘namiddag’ (afternoon), for me personally middag feels like 11:30-13-30 and afternoon is 13:30-17:30/18:00 after that it’s avond
In Belgium we do use ‘kwart na’ instead of ‘kwart over’ too
It works the other way around. I struggle with time in English as a Dutch speaker.
Especially when they say 'half four', which means half 5 to me... It took me a long time to actually realize that this was happening. Always get people to write it down in full if you're uncertain: 12:34 is understandable to most people, vier over half een maybe not. Then again, I feel it's not as bad as the french are with their counting in twenties.
@@wathiant 80 is even worse
Yea, night times are weird in Dutch. Typically, 2am is still part of the Wednesday if you haven't slept yet, but it's part of the Thursday if you wake up at that time.
To avoid confusion, most people use "de nacht van woensdag op donderdag".
To add some confusion when it comes to "middag": if old people say "rond de middag" they mean "around noon", not "somewhere during the afternoon". This even confuses a lot of (younger) Dutch people.
They thankfully will often say 'rond het middaguur (12:00)' though :D
And for further confusion there is "tussen de middag" (in between midday) which seems to be from 12.00 to 13.00 when kids get time from school to return home for lunch.
@@BlacksmithTWD In VL "tussen de middag" is just "middag", the period after before becoming evening is "namiddag".
@@nekture VL staat voor vlaams limburg?
@@BlacksmithTWD Ik bedoel gewoon Vlaanderen. Wat ik hier lees hoe jullie het doen in Nederland is mij volledig vreemd. Geen voor- of namiddag te bespeuren.
“Let’s meet in the middag”.
“Ok, when”?
“About tea-time?”
“See you then!”
Love the non-vagaries of inprecise language
Swedes have perfected this trust me, we have the worst phrase on Earth, Ses i bitti, see you early... or see you in small piece of time. But even though it might seem like it means see you soon, if one looks at the words meanings literally, however it is used to mean see ya tomorrow, as it was used more commonly as ses i morgon bitti, meaning see you tomorrow morning, however people don't really care to think that the Early hours exists so they say the phrase and they show up in the afternoon... Because who cares about how specific a meaning a word has... The phrase would be perfectly good if people used it correctly...
And yet the Dutch are famous for being spot on time always 🤪
You're pretty accurate about Belgium, we say 20 min before or after but we never say 25 before or after, that would be 5 min before or after half.
When we say "Drie (3) uur 's nachts/vannacht" contect determines wether that's last night or the upcoming night. 's nachts can, given the context, also refer to any other night. Our days are from 00:00:00 to 23:59:59 using 24 hour time is often sufficient.
Ochtend = 06:00 to 12:00
Middag = 12:00 to 18:00
Avond = 18:00 to 00:00
Nacht =00:00 to 06:00
Though, depending on who you ask,
Ochtend can stard at 04:00 or 05:00
Namiddag can start at 15:00 or 16:00 or doesn't exist.
Avond can end at 22:00
When we just moved here I missed many appointments. When ever I was supposed to be there at "half vier" I would show up at 4:30. Mess it up often enough and you will learn the hard way like I did.
To make the Dutch sound more natural, use the past tense less and opt for “wat heb je vanmorgen gedaan” instead of “wat deed je vanmorgen”. Goes for the other examples as well.
I think it's called the 'present perfect' in english
@@vizuz It is, but the rules about the time you use it for vary. For example: "Ik speel hockey sinds ik vijf ben" would be "I have played hockey since I was five". So it sure is something to look at.
I think that in Dutch time telling the day is actually divided in 48 parts rather than 24. In the language the halfs are equal to the whole hours and are 'treated' the same by the minutes. So in English 'half past' relates to the hour like the quarters and minutes relate to the whole hour, while in Dutch the quarter and the minutes relate to both the whole hours and the half hours in the same way. Only the 'kwart voor half 3' and 'kwart over half 3' have been skipped in favour of the whole hour because they are the same times, and otherwise it would get confusing :) Remeber it's not half to 3 as in half past 2, it is/would translate as half 3. It's the false equivalence that makes the confusion.
Surprised you didn't mention 'tussen de middag', which is between the morning and afternoon and often used for lunch break. The name makes no sense because it translates as 'between the afternoon' allthough middag would literally translate as mid day. Nacht and night are not equivalent either. In Dutch 'nacht' is really reserved for the dark part, when the people are asleep. Maybe that makes the evening and therefore also the afternoon longer.
0:00-06:00 nacht
06:00-12:00 ochtend
12:00-18:00 middag
18:00-24:00 avond
Morgen: Het moment waarop je wakker wordt en aan de dag begint, dus meestal in nacht of de ochtend
Tussen de middag: periode van tijd rond 12:00, ongeveer van 11:30-13:30, meestal aangegeven vanwege de lunch (wat weer middageten wordt genoemd)
Namiddag: ongeveer vanaf 16:30 tot 18:00, vaak gezien als de tijd na werk maar voor het diner, oftewel avondeten.
Yup, waarom maken we het zo moeilijk he? Leuk dat je mijn video hebt gedeeld! 😍
The most confusing part about the 24 hour system is that it's actually mostly/only used in written form. When you speak about the time for example 18:00 is not "achttien uur" (eightteen o'clock), but "zes uur 's avonds" (six o'clock in the evening). So when you tell the time between 13:00 and 23:59 out loud you'll have to extract 12 hours. 0:00 becomes twelve o'clock again and 0:30 becomes "half één" (half one, meaning half past twelve).
And the Dutch take their time seriously. If you say: 'Good evening!' but it's only 17:59h, people WILL correct you.
xD
This is most certainly true, I love correcting people on that, and I don’t even get hated for it.
I'm a package delivery guy for my job, and after 11:00 I will generally check my watch as I say "Goede...morgen!" or "Goede *check* middag!" Very often the customer will check his watch too and remark on the time. "Huh, it's already noon?!" Or "Yes, it's still morning."
I deliberately say "Good evening" when it's just before 18:00h and when I get someone correcting me (which is invariably the case), I explain that the afternoon is almost over, so there is little point in wishing them a good afternoon anymore and instead I like to already wish for them to have the most agreeable evening. And then everybody's happy.
In NL I'd say voormiddag (vooraan in de middag) is between 12 and 15. Namiddag is then from around 15 to 18.
In Belgium voormiddag is indeed from around 9 to 12 and the namiddag is from 12 to 15 or so.
But in NL I'd say the afternoon is just divided into 2 subparts.
I am pretty sure there have been lots of Dutch who arrived an hour early on an in English arranged appointment at half 9 (or any other half).
and Germans! i have actually experienced this a few times!
Not really because when making appointments with for example doctors, dentists and other formal companies they will say 4.30 and not half four.
Hi Casey, great video once again.
You mentioned how the Dutch use 24-hour time. Actually, we only do that on paper, in time tables, on calendars and such. In the spoken language, however, we will usually use 12-hour time, and add "in de morgen, middag, avond of nacht" or some equivalent as appropriate.
Additionally, as a result of seeing so many English spoken movies, films and shows on TV, TH-cam and Netflix, the modern Dutch are getting quite flexible. When we're talking to non-Dutch people, some of us will gladly use 24-hour time in conversation, just to prevent confusion. So, if I want to make an appointment to see you tomorrow at 7:30 PM, I might say "Ik zie je morgen om 19 uur 30", which is short and to the point. Not all of us, yet (actually only just a few), but we're getting there.
As for telling time in Dutch, yeah, it's like Zoë Van den broek says: we learn it from a young age, we grow into it. So it's no miracle that foreigners have a harder time getting used to it. Eventually, if you do it often enough, it will get easier. Remember this joke: a man carrying a violin case holds up a kid in the street and asks "young man, can you tell me how I get to the opera house?", to which the kid answers "practice, practice, practice, sir!"
I am a native Dutch speaker from Belgium.
15:30
"Vijftien uur dertig" of "half vier"
15:20
"Vijftien uur twintig" of "twintig over drie" of "tien voor half vier"
15:40
"Vijftien uur veertig" of "twintig voor vier" of "tien over half vier"
Furthermore, in Flanders, we say NA instead of OVER :D
Here in Brabant (NL) we use that as well. I think this is perhaps due to the introduction of the digital clocks, some decades ago?
For me all times that are not quarter, half or a full hour depend on what is important for that particular time. For instance if I need to catch a train at 10:30 and the time is 10:20, I won't say 'het is twintig over tien' I would rather day 'het is tien voor half elf' because it gives me a better picture of the time I have left to catch the train.
On the other hand if something is taking longer than it should like when someone arrives 20 minutes later, I'd say 'het is al twintig over 10' instead of 'het is al tien voor half 11'.
Personnally I don't think that it really matters which one you use as long as it is understood.
Sometimes I say “het is kwart over half 3. Just to mess with people when they ask the time at 2:45. Lol.
20 voor half 3 is ook een leuke :D
Nederlands be like Kwart voor tien over half 12... Zeg gewoon 11 uur 25!
I live in Friesland and I don’t think I ever hear people say “10 voor half 5”.. We (or at least I) would say “20 over 4”. If it’s 16:25, I do say “5 voor half 5”
Never heared this with the family in Fryslân, which is the only part of the world which mathers the most... Yet never paid attention to it either....
I gruw up in Fryslan, and what you say is new to me.
@@DouweBuruma regional differences I guess.... My family uses the Saxon crazy G, just like people do in Hollandic. Yet the rest uses the Hard Frisian G - which the people who speak Anglo Saxon english also do btw. Maybe some Frisians use 20 to 6 in Frisian and in result also in Dutch..... Its possible....
better said is clear -regional differences
Drenthe here and we say 20 over 4 as well. Almost never do I hear someone say 10 voor half 5. Regional difference I think
Just remember all the dutch kids have to learn it the other way around, which is basically just as difficult. If all the kids can do it, I believe you can do it too!
Easy:
1 focus on whole and half hours.
2 At the quarters round up (+15 or +45) or down (-15 or -45)
For me, 'begin van de middag' would be from 12:00 to 14:00 and 'einde van de middag' would be from around 16:00 to 18:00.
Now I see the timetable and it says exactly the same :)
Well van morgen en van ochtent is a choice what you feel is best for the sentince.
The day times:
Oxhtent 00:00 to 12:00
Middag 12:00 to around 16:00
Avond 16:00 to 00:00
Nacht is when its dark outside midden in de nacht is around 00:00
Dutch is a lot of inprovising.
Although I have lived in UK all my life my first language was Dutch with some English (Dutch father/British mother spoke mainly Dutch to each other), and this video makes me realise how instinctive the two ways of telling the time are to me, and how difficult it would be for me to explain.
Belgian here, Antwerp/Brabant area.
Thinking of it, I usually split the hour in sections of 20 minutes:
- 13:00 to 13:20 > "X na 1",
- 13:21 to 13:39 => "X voor/na half 2",
- 13:40 to 14:00 => "X voor 2".
When accuracy is not required, I round to the nearest 5 minutes. I round up when we have to hurry, down when I don't want to leave soon ;)
I have lived here for 55 years. I always confirm any appointment using the 24 hour clock. I just do it automatically. The strangest thing I found was saying goodbye after midnight. This purely depends on the situation. Leaving a party or other social gathering I would say 'Goede Avond' not 'Goede Nacht'.
'Goede Nacht' and 'Welterusten' are reserved for intimate friends and partners. "Goede Nacht' means you are retiring and going to bed.
As a Belgian guy, to me, ochtend/morgen is from 6:00 to about 10:00, voormiddag from 10:00 to 12:00 (sometimes it starts a bit earlier, depends when you're awake), 12:00 to 14:00 is middag, then 14:00 to 18:00 is namiddag, 18:00 to 23:00 is avond, and 23:00 to 6:00 is nacht.
I think a day is (sort of) divided in the parts when you have meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner) and the time in between meals?
Edit: I thought to myself this can't be right what your saying with regards to afternoon and that it doesn't include the time between 12 and 3 so i just looked it up.
"afternoon | ɑːftəˈnuːn |
noun
the time from noon or lunchtime to evening"
It isn't necessarily an english thing as much as it is an Australian thing. Afternoon in England also just means from twelve to six. Just down under they use it from three to six.
You are not alone. As Dutch person I've learned so much from this video.
guess how that happened ... first law of us ozzies: let's extend midday break and shorten afternoon... so we have to work less for the queen... after all she's still in her castle half the world between us....
5:17, vanDale is abn correct however most people just use context and don't really hold themselves to the rule. For me I keep track of time using greetings so:
Goeiemorgen is everything before 12.00
Goeiemiddag is everthing after 12 until like 17:00 / 18:00 or whatever dinnertime is for that day and
Goeieavond is everything after dinnertime.
If you going to do something smiddags meeting at 13:00 is the standard where I live.
Doing something savonds depends on the context really but generally after dinner around 19:30 (unless the activity is dinner)
Don't rely too much on the Van Dale, it has been changed so much for no apparent reason it's just confusing for us as well (trips the judges of the national 'dictee' even) 🤣 Also, 'Tien voor half elf' and 'twintig over tien' are both perfectly fine if you have problems with those half hours 😉
Never heard anyone ever say "twintig over tien" but I have heard people used the english construct by saying "tien uur twintig"
@@eldin0074 my boyfriend is from Friesland and says this. I never heard anyone say that either ever before, and it still confuses me every time (I'm from Noord-Brabant) and my brain goes in error mode. Twintig voor 10, 20 over 5. Wait what?! :')
I can easily understand the time in Dutch - but one can simply say 3 uur 33, for example, which is easier! But the nature related term land cannot be misused in names - only I reflect nature related terms etc!
For example, kwart voor half 3 literally means that it’s a quarter before half 3 aka 2:30 in Dutch, and, when one hears half 3 or half any other hours, all they have to do is substract 1 hour and add 30 minutes, and then if it’s kwart VOOR half 3 / 2:30 aka before it means that it is 2:15 and if it’s kwart OVER half 3 it means it is 2:45) but, one can simply say 3 uur 15 etc instead, which is how many say it nowadays!
The misused big terms boyfriend and mar (in Marieke) must be edited out / changed, as love related terms and big / nature terms etc cannot be misused in names / comments etc by others - mar means sea in Spanish (nature related term) and the words like bf / friend / lover etc only reflect my pure protectors aka the alphas, and love related terms only reflect me the only lovable being, while love and bfs only exist for me, and humn ‘reIationships’ and all other wrong things are to be b4nned in the NW, and all dudes should be loyal to me!
In my opinion it is fine to just say the 12 hour digital time out loud. for example, if the time is 13:52 you can just say "1 uur 52" (een uur tweeënvijftig)
Honestly, I think the first part about vanmorgen and vanochtend is kind of in your head😅 (also middag is just 12:00 to 18:00 so every time inside that timeframe you’d just put ‘s middags in front of it)
It is fun to see how confusing telling time is in Dutch. I am Dutch and married to a Chilean and actually we are trilingual at home. So together with are kids we have our own way of talking in private, we say sentences that contain Spanish, Dutch and english al in one. To my kids I speak in Dutch like 80 % of the time and when I say ‘10 over half 8’ they beg me to say it in spanish because it is too confusing to them!
Keep up with the nice videos, I always enjoy watching them, by the way your Dutch is really good!
Italian, Dutch and English here. We confuse waiters to no end and for time we go with military time: 19:40 ;) We've had too many missed meetings...
I'm from Belgium. I remember learning about "tien voor half zes" in elementary. I know Belgium is known for being a complex country but not without it's reasons, but the one thing I always struggled with is telling the time in ABN. However nobody even talks like that, and it's completely pointless!
I use tien voor half. Just the normal way to say it. (Randstad)
I too feel like in Belgium we learn it this way (the official dutch way, ABN) in school, but then never ever use it in real life. I think we all just say 20 after or 20 before.
I'm from the Netherlands, and I completely agree. It feels old fashioned.
@HQ ik en vele anderen
@HQ dank je en goed voor vele anderen..
So hours go in incraments of 5 minutes we start at midnight 00:00 or 12 o'clock am
Then its 5 mintes after so 5 past 12 (vijf over twaalf) then add 5 minutes its 10 past 12 (tien over twaalf) add 5 more minutes and its quarter past 12 (kwart over twaalf) then when the next 5 minutes gets added its working towards the half hour so 00:20 is ten before half 1 (tien voor half 1) i spell it literally if you wonder then 5 before half 1 (vijf voor half 1 ) and then the whole half 1 (half 1) then work after again till quarter to 1 (kwart voor 1 ) and then work towards 1 again
If you wonder about the 24 hour clock just subtract 12 hours
I always thought that afternoon was the same as "middag". Because I just assumed it meant after noon.
As a native Dutch speaker I still struggle with the offsets before and after hours and half hours, and I am actually good at math. The best way for me to cope with it is the picture it as the dials on an analog clock. (which I then convert to a digital time because analog time is a nightmare)
Over my lifetime I have seen a shift in the usage of analog clocks to digital clocks and with that shift the way we talk about time has also shifted.
It is now also perfectly acceptable in Dutch to do what you are used to do in English and call out a digital time as 'zestien uur twintig' (16:20 or 4:20 pm), this is quicker to say then 'tien voor half vijf ('smiddags)' and takes less mental arithmetic for both the speaker and the listener.
Even though this doesn't help you in understanding people who prefer convoluted time over easy time, it does make it a lot easier for you to talk about time. I also use this to check whether I did my math right, so if someone asks me 'zullen we afspreken om tien voor half vijf', I would respond with 'Ok, dan zie ik je om zestien uur twintig'
I do exactly the same, the check with the time repeated in the more "digital" format to prevent mixups.
I do a similar thing when writing down a wifi password or phonenumber and the numbers are given as "twaalf, vierendertig, vijvenzestig, achtenzeventig" instead of "1 2 3 4 pauze 5 6 7 8"
Its a generational thing I guess.
For me, 'vanochtend' is what you plan and 'vanmorgen' is what you experiance. De vergadering is vanochtend. Ik had hoofdpijn vanmorgen.
In Belgium we say the minites past or to like in English, But we still say half five instead of half past four. But " 's midachs" is in Belgium between 12 and 13, after 13 we say "namiddag".
Well Casey, even Westflemings got tired of the 'half' time, we simply refer to half times like 'drie uur dertig'. Thereby of course confusing all other Dutch speakers ☺
because that sounds like a kid just learning to read a digital clock #nooffence
Im sorry but as a dutchie this is something we say and is not confusing at all.
Vlaams Brabander hier, wij zeggen 4 en een half, ipv half vijf. Dus we doen het omgekeerder van de rest. Maar tegenwoordig is het idd geen probleem meer om de minuten uit te spreken alsof je een digitale klok leest.
in The Netherlands we use 24-hour time but in practice in day-to-day life a 12 hour time is almost always used so 00:00 is midnight, 12:00 is twelve o'clock, 13:00 is one o'clock in the afternoon. the 24 hour designation is pretty much only used when making appointments and reservations.
But besides morgen and ochtend both meaning morning and morgen also meaning tomorrow. We have this funny thing that’s morgenochtend, which is tomorrow morning. Just to spice things up you know 😂
I use the 24 hour clock. Any time i set a date or time verbally, i ask if it's indeed that time, but in 24 hour format. So often i mistook "half vier" voor "half vijf". In my head i know it, but for some reason the processing goes awry. So for "half vier", i ask to confirm if it's indeed "15:30".
I think you confuse Middag with Midday, they are not the same, even though google says they are the same. Middag is generally used as Afternoon
You're right, in Belgium we usually opt for a simpler way, based on every half hour. "Tien voor half elf" (ten minutes before 10:30), we would call "twintig na tien" (twenty past ten).
Being from Flanders, I never ever say "tien over half vijf", that's just super impractical. We just say "twintig voor zes".
My countrymen from the coast even drop that and just say "vijf uur veertig".
I, in het mooie oosten, also say "vijf uur veertig" because it is easily translatable to virtual time 5:40 or the time on the clock⏰ and also to calculate with if you have to walk 13 mimutes and need to be there at 8:55 or whatever youknow. Most practical :)
actually 17.40 is 10 over half 6, 10 over half 5 is 16.40
Although it’s not wrong in Belgium we almost never say “ 10 voor half 5” . We would just say 4:20 or 20 na 4 or 16:20… basically we don’t use military time that much. We’ll just for example say “ morgenavond om 8u” . Middag for us is noon, everything between noon and evening is considered as the afternoon. We will also say “ in de morgen” which means “ in the morning” I think in Belgium we lean more towards the English and French language without necessarily using English words if that makes sense….
Och, Casey... wat moet jij blij zijn geen radiouitzendingen van DJ-duo Bart van Leeuwen en Erik de Zwart ("Bart & de Zwart") in de jaren tachtig te hebben gehoord!
"Jaaah, en daarmee staat de klok alweer op tien over kwart voor half drie en is het de hoogste tijd voor..."
Noo, 2021-04-30 02:00 belongs to a Friday. It's never part of today, the 29th. The day always starts at midnight.
I never realized how completely messed up Dutch can be :)
Btw; did you ever considered setting up a Patreon account?
Its not messed up, Its noice
Makes it authentic
To speed up the process voor "tien over half" etc., try picturing an analog clock/watch instead of digital time. That makes it easy to visualize what the words are describing. So for "tien over half vier" you're seeing the big hand is slightly past the halfway mark. If it's "tien voor half vier" you see that it's slightly ahead of the halfway mark on the other side. I think that's probably where the whole idea of saying time like that came from.
@2:30 You can see Ochtend as a part of the Morgen, Ochtend usually is the part from waking up to going to work
That is so funny, where I live it is the other way around. The morgen is part of the ochtend.
In Dutch we do use 24 hour time in writing and on digital clocks, but in speech we do often use 12 hour time and add the time of day to it, so 8 am would be "acht uur 's ochtends" 2 pm would be "2 uur 's middags", 8 pm would be "acht uur 's avonds", and 2 am would be "2 uur 's nachts", that's probably part of why we divide the time in rigid slots of 6 hours each.
am/pm especially gets confusing for me at 12 o clock (noon and midnight), I always need to look it up to be sure.
the half thing actually gets me as a Dutch native speaker who has learned English as a 2nd language at near native level (including frequently thinking in English) and I just really prefer it if people say/write the time as hour:minutes so 9:30 (nine thirty, negen uur dertig) because whenever I hear a half time (or see someone write it as they would say it), I always have to actively think about whether that's before or after (slightly less with "half past...", but when Brits drop the "past" but still have it implied, it gets really confusing for me), and even then I tend to trip myself up by overthinking it. For times of 13-24/00 it's fine to use those 13-24/00 numbers, or use the 12 hour time plus the time of day ((after)noon, evenig, (mid)night) but preferably not am/pm.
6:43, there is a trick here so you dont have to learn 24 hour time. However i don’t know if this suits you as it comes back to your first point. I by far most often say “3 uur s’middags” which means, 3pm, but you have to learn what’s middag and what’s avond. Easiest way i can explain it: nacht 12-6am; morgen 6am-12pm; middag 12-6pm; avond 6pm-12am.
I had an algemeens teacher in Belgium (I think he was from West Flanders but lived in Gent?) a while ago who led me to believe that ochtend is for the dark hours of the morning (before sunup) and morgen is for the light hours of the morning (after sunup). Also the line between avond and nacht was always blurry for me and nacht could definitely overlap with ochtend: if you were awake past midnight it's nacht and if you're awake before sunup it's ochtend (assuming you get all your 8ish hours), or something like that.
My family in West Flanders will read 24-hour time and say it as if it were in 12-hour: om 15u = om drie uur, om 20u = om acht uur. They'd also definitely say "kwart na" over "kwart over". And bless how my family uses half hours: 16:30 is not half vijf, 't es vuvve 'n olf; literally just "[hour] and half". The above mentioned teacher always said I sounded too West when I tried telling the time, among other occasions.
The 6 hr division you reference is linked to the logic of the quarter time division overlapping the half/full division.
It is linked to the motion or action the person is in. Morning is after you slept, evening night is before you sleep.
I'm from Belgium and tho I learned the 'half vijf' and stuff in school we never really use it, at least where I'm from. So when I was at my best friends house who is dutch it was always very confusing to me. But for me it helps to first focus on the minutes and then look at the hour. Like: '10 voor half vijf' first look at the '10 voor half' = 20 and then look at 'half vijf' and know it's 4:20. So I gues think in the order you hear it. First you hear the minutes then the hour.
Two things, The van Dale may call 2:00 the past day, but I've never heard anyone actually use that. Whether or not that is night or morning is kind of up for debate/interchangable. Usually if you want to emphasize how early/inconvenient that time is, you say night. Also, the whole "tien voor half" kind of thing is only a problem if you want to understand someone who uses that way of describing time. You can just say "Twintig over tien" or "twintig voor tien" and nobody will find that odd.
I did some research on the internet.
From 00:00 PM to 6:00 AM = Night.
From 6:00 Am to 12:00 = Morning.
From 12:00 PM to18:00 PM = Afternoon.
From 18:00 PM to 00:00 PM = evening.
As a Dutch native speaker for me the day is divided in 6h parts;
00:00-06:00 = nacht(night).
06:00-12:00 = morgen/ochtend (almost always interchangeable) =morning
12:00-18:00 = middag(afternoon)
18:00-00:00 = avond(evening).
I would consider all deviations from this, personal or regional deviations, they can confuse Dutch people from different regions aswell..
If people use other terms for telling the time, don't hesitate to ask for clarification, because I do too as a native Dutch speaker from the province Overijssel I often have to ask my friend from around Eindhoven what she means. For example when she is talking dinner time, she means like 7 (19:00) where dinner time for me in Overijssel is 17:00 to 17:30
This is common in many regions, because in the north of the UK, going for tea means having dinner, freaking confusing
The day starts officially at 00:00 which means the night is the next day. I know that some people do not abide by this, but this is how it officially is. This however is usually ignored in casual talks about nightlife.. so I went to the bar on Friday night (even if that was at 01:00, so technically Saturday), but remember that is only because that person hasn't slept yet.
yes when thinking ochtend it feels more like early morning, but it is not the official meaning, therefore ochtend = morning or 06:00 to 12:00.
There is the same confusing problem in English, because tonight and evening are also very often mixed or partly overlapping at least in both the UK and America.
focusing on the hour coming like half elf for 10:30, is what most people in the world do in most languages, as far as I understand it is almost only English speakers that focus on the hour in the past. (maybe English influenced languages and countries aswell)
24h system is widely used in Europe, not just The Netherlands, even in Britain they very well know how to use the 24h system even if officially they will use am and pm.
am and pm used to confuse me very much, because the time indicator doesn't start at the start of the day, but half way so 12:00 instead of 00:00, that is why for me the 24h time is soo much simpeler in some cases since a day has 24 hours instead of juggling with 2x12.
When casually talking you will not use a 24 h system nor the am or pm, but that is no different from English. since you wouldn't say I went to the supermarket for groceries at 4 pm.. you would just sayI went to the supermarket for groveries at 4, since everyone would assume it would be in the afternoon, it is no different with the 24 hour system and if you do have to clarify, you would say 4 in the afternoon (4 uur 's middags)
the 's in 's middags is norm now, but it come from older Dutch des middags which meant in de middag (in the afternoon).
I would say the only odd one which can be hard is the 10 or 5 minutes before and over half. but the rule is more simple then you realise right now
16:05 = 5 over 4
16:10 = 10 over 4 HEEL UUR
16:15 = kwart over 4
--------------------------------------------
16:20 = 10 voor half 5
16:25 = 5 voor half 5
16:30 = half 5 HALF UUR
16:35 = 5 over half 5
16:40 = 10 over half 5
------------------------------------------
16:45 = kwart voor 5
16:50 = 10 voor 5
16:55 = 5 voor 5 HEEL UUR
17:00 5 uur
see the pattern? everything between 20 and 40 in minutes will be for half and over half. technically the quarter hours are the breakpoints here
You can nowadays say 20 over 4 instead of 10 voor half 5, but only when used in casual talks, there is some interchangeability in it, you can play with it a bit, you will be understood either way, Dutch people nowadays mix them up more and more frequent. I wouldn't worry too much about it when it comes to causal talk. the official way is explained above
I really hope I could be of some help to you or to anyone trying to get her or his head around this concept of time in the Dutch language
Seems like you would have a hard time in Norway too, we have the same way of the dividing up the day, and the same way of telling time. Halv fire (half four) is 15:30.
Many terms reflect a century ago. When people got up before it got light. So the morning was actually long, like from 4, 5 o'clock until 12:00. So then the morning is as long as the afternoon. Then also "kleine uurtjes" makes sense, because you got both "getting up early" as well as "going out until late
5:05 I have never used or seen that before but it can vary between The Netherlands and Belgium(I'm Belgian), I don't know. But it also looks weird to me so...
Morgen and Ochtend are interchangable. It depends on what words are around it, and you pick whatever makes the sentence flow better.
Wat deed je vanochtend or wat deed je vanmorgen mean exactly the same.
Sometimes you'd pick Ochtend over Morgen to avoid confusion. It's the thing where your brain fills in information instead of just listening/reading it when available.
So when you ask some one what they did this morning, they'll start telling you about what they're planning to do tomorrow. Because all they picked up was "doen" en "morgen".
It's somewhere on the levels of "je" en "jij". You'll use je more, even though jij can go everywhere je goes. But you'll sort of save the Jij for when you really need to point out some one specific or when the words around je would sort of drown out the je and make the sentence not flow.
As for the times; yes, it's messy and weird.
Tien over half zes is a mouthful when english speakers would just go five-forty. But then in english you also have weird ways of saying it. Like Half past seven becomes "Half eight". In dutch, we do this too and for us it sounds absolutely fine, but if you're used to hearing half-past-whatever, suddenly hearing "half eight" makes you think you heard it wrong and it's half-past-eight.
Anyway :P
Good luck getting a grasp on this kind of dutch nonsense. Your pronunciation is quite good for a non-native speaker. :)
The way i see it is that in english the time is more pronounced the way you would see it on a clock (five twenty is 5:20, three forty is 3:40) the dutch tend to discrobe the time more, so één uur (one o'clock) is the point in time the first hour has passed.
Half twee (half past one) is the point in time the first half of the second hour has passed.
Tien voor half vier ( 3:20 ) is the point in time it will take ten more minutes until the first half of the forth hour has passed.
Tien over half vier ( 3:40 ) is the point in time which is ten minutes past the time the first half of the 4th hour has passed.
So the english tend to discribe what the clock would display at what point in time it is, the dutch tell you the point in time and skip what the clock would say.
Hope it helps.
Do you have an old fashioned clock?
The rules are:
- check if big hand is closest to the hour or half hour
- use distance to hour or half hour to get the number of minutes before or after.
- if it is exactly inbetween hourr/half hour, you are at quarter to or after.
Visualizing it usually helps a fair bit... at least if you are used to an old fashioned clock with hands instead of a modern one with just numbers.. :-)
Yes, Im using this method to teach my three year old how to tell time. And also when she has to go to bed haha
Indeed, and that's how we actually created this way of time telling. On an analog clock it's perfectly logical.
In Flanders we put the focus on the hour and say '20 na 10' (not 'over') instead of '10 voor half elf'. Sections of the day are in order Morgen, Voormiddag, Namiddag, Vroege avond, Laatavond, Nacht. When referring to a time at night it's counted as part of the previous day 'Woensdag nacht 2 uur' = Thursday 02:00 AM.
@5:30 good question ... it will always be a point of minor contention, but sort of kinda though I do think these days the english system/nomenclature for that is more common now...again like with middag the "nacht" point of 12 o clock is not a startpoint but a mid point, so woensdagnacht becomes the night that follows the wednesday but because its a division of days its both really the night that belongs to both the wednesday and thursday ....so basicly the "new day" starts at sunrise...but again I do think the english nomenclature is more common now... practically it matters little because most people are asleep at night
About the night-time. It pretty much depends on if you're allready awake, or still awake.
4AM on a saturday, could be "friday night at 4" if you are going out for example, or "saturday early morning" if you have to get up early for work. as far as I know, there indeed isn't a specific rule for it.
The way I see it generally: 00-06 = night, 06-12 morning, 12-18 afternoon (but when speaking, usually 12-15 = voormiddag 15-18 = namiddag.) 18-00 is evening.
To confuse you a bit more: a trainticket is valid from 0:00 up to 4:00 the next day. Those 4 hours are still the night of the day before. Logical because your journey will never end at exact 12 PM or should I say 0:00....... to me that feels a minute later.
That relates directly to the railway schedule though, adding the hours from 00:00 to 04:00 to the _previous day_ doesn't really mean anything outside of the NS (Dutch Railways).
@@evabakker Not really, when you say Saterdaynight, you also mean the hours after midnight. When you say: I came home in the middle of the night, thats not at 12 but at 4 AM.
2 uur 's nachts or 2 uur 's morgens is the same time on th clock, but the big difference is that if your "day" is ongoing (before you go to bed) is it 2 uur 's nachts, but is you have to get up at 2 to go to the airport for instance, then it is 2 uur smorgens, beginning of your day. But the clock it is the same, but in your feeling it is not.
about the time... you use the hour to tell where you are, we split the hour in 4 quarters or 2 halfs and go from there.
Your assumption at around 5:00 is incorrect. However... In like weekend days it is often used. So if they say like "Zaterdag 2 uur 's nachts", they actually mean sunday morning 2 o'clock...
ahum ... so what she said was correct my friend .... she said they nacht still belongs to the day before... if I say, 'ik ben zaterdag tot 4u snachts gaan pintelieren' then you don't expect me home before 5am on sunday morning... the "nachts" actually belongs to the day when it started... we don't see it as 2 different times over here, it's counted until you go to bed, have 2 hrs crash sleep and wake up again to do your sunday duties with the family (and a big "kater", nope not a male cat, .. but a hangover as you probably guessed) Sunday starts when those eyes go open again... the ONLY EXCEPTION we make... is on newyears day... for obvious reasons...
@7:59 yes but actually...we are consisten and english is not here... so with quarters you do the same...so pick the mid hour then before and after... but with halves you pick the hour as a starting point and then go ; 12 thirty ...while if you were consistent then a quarter to 1 would be 12 and three quarters (hour as a starting point not a mid point) ..which you sometimes do do; so 12:45 .... I disregard the AM / PM thing (which are french terms btw) since it litterally doesnt matter besides that you start over at 12 and thus have "12 hour "days" then followed by another 12 hour "day" on the same dates ... 8 forthy-5 is the same as 20 forthy-5 in its contruction it's just that you then have to add something to make clear what 8 during that date you mean.. which derives from the fact that the clock itself and the constellations...which ultimately its derive from is a base 12
I'm native a dutch speaker from Belgium. I would say ochtend, middag, avond and nacht are defined by the time people generally eat. Ochtend and voormiddag are quite similar. Ochtend is from when people wake up until lunch or around 12 am but you could also refer to that period with voormiddag. Voormiddag can mean everything before middag but I generally use it to say late ochtend. Then middag is the period when people generally eat. So 12 am to around 2 pm. Namiddag would be from 2 pm to around 6 - 7 pm and then avond would be from 7 till 12 pm. Nacht is between 12 pm and wake up time.
Hmm, we have a voormiddag where I'm from, but it's from 11am til noon. So, basically a 1 hour time frame. We also have namiddag, which is kind of a lil vague, cuz it's either from 4pm (16:00uur) or 5pm (17:00uur) until 6pm (18:00uur). Soooooo, this one can be a 1 hour or a 2 hour time frame.
Actually we use both 12 and 24 hour table. Just instead of am or pm, we specify the part of the day.
Like for instance, 7uur 's avonds, 3uur, 's nachts, 7uur 's ochtends, or 3uur 's middags.
And yes, the night oddly enough is part of the previous day. But only in spoken language, officially it is the next day once the clock hits 12pm (00:00uur(12uur ''s nachts in spoken language)).
Yes, the clock is moving forward, so logically it is halfway to the next hour. Easy! 🤷
Also, it's not just us that do it this way around...
Basically English is one of the few languages where it is done wrong. 😂
But we also do the minutes thing you thought is Belgian.
Confused? Brilliant 😂👍
Edit, corrected a typo that made one sentence kinda weird.
Dutch is reportedly one of the hardest languages to master because of all the lil idiosyncrasies and exceptions and exceptions on top of the exceptions.
well the snachts part depends ... I mean if you talk about a party that happened at 2 am in the morning the day you'd consider it as yesterday, 'gisteren om 2 uur s'nachts', BUT if you talk about having to wake up at 2 am you will consider it as tommorow, morgen om 2 uur s'nachts... It depends if you slept between the 2. so in sort if you refer to 2 am in the passed it's considered yesterday, if you refer to it in te future it's tommorow
About using the time with the time and using ochtend, middag, avond and snachts. We often say things like 3 uur in de middag where you would say 3 pm. Same thing with ochtend, avond en nacht. Dus 9 uur in de ochtend is 9 am, 3 uur snachts is 3 am or 11 uur s'avonds for 11 pm. (Now I am hoping i got my am and pm right) Using the millitary 24 hour clock, well it is more precise then anything else and makes it harder to confuse things. 19.43 uur would be nineteenhundred fortythree or negentienhonderd drienveertig.
As a Belgian, the time notation "10 over half 5" (to indicate 4:40) isn't really used that much. It's more of an antiquated term. (At least it is in West-Flanders)
What is used a lot still is the "Half 4" (to indicate 3:30). Personally I also find this rule to be very annoying, as half of 4 would be 2 (If you look at it from a maths' perspective).
Therefore I always tend to say "3 uur 30" just like the English would say three-thirty. It is much clearer for everyone to understand.
Since when is "afternoon" not simply after noon? So 12 to 18? I lived in England for a while and 2 in the afternoon did exist.
5:25 I don't necessarily do that but sometimes I stay up that late and it would still feel like the wednesday (in this example) so for example if I callling with a friend until 2:00 then I'd say 'see you tomorrow' meaning the Thursday which would actually be today.. I don't know if this makes sense? It's more of a subconscious thing than really thinking about it..
You heard correctly; the day starts in the morning and the night belongs to the previous day. So friday evening 22:00 goes into friday night 2:00. When you reach 6:00 it becomes saturday. So the scheme on 5:44 is incorrect.
As for telling time basically there has been a shift from analogue time as shown on (wall)clocks to digital time in 24 hours as shown on watches, phones, computers, etc. As a Dutch speaker I pretty much always confirm any appointment by translating it to the 24 hour clock. So if someone told me my appoinment would be 10 minutes before half past 4 then I would respond, ok so 16 uur 20. So basically you just need to memorize a table of all possible instances instead of trying to use logic to convert. Just like in French where they use 4 times 20 + 7 to say 87...
As for the morgen. Morgen on it's own always means tomorrow. It only becomes interchangable with ochtend when you add stuff like deze morgen (this morning) and vanmorgen (from morning) and goede morgen (good morning).
I can imagine those halfs will mess you up. I've had similar trouble (actually reversed) with the English half times, whenever somebody just says "half five". I have to make a conscious effort to realize they mean "half past five" for it to make sense. So I guess going in reverse, you have to make the effort to realize that when you hear "half zes", what is actually being said is "half voor zes".
Those minutes around half can be a bit tricky, but basically it's the same rule as there is with the whole hours.
To be honest, I tend to favor both in English and Dutch to just say the whole minute thing, so "vijf uur dertig" / "five thirty" or maybe even just "vijf dertig", matching up with English exactly. I just find it much more clear and more convenient, less changes of errors ("was het nu kwart *voor* of kwart * over*?"). I also prefer digital clocks over analog clocks, and have done so all my life, I'm sure that ties into it as well.
This also makes it easier to tell the exact time of day apart, as you can just say 20:30, without having to thing if it is meant to be in the morning or in the afternoon (you can imagine I've also struggled a bit with the whole AM/PM thing in English ;)).
its about the contest when you use goeiemorgen en morgen
goeiemorgen use in a greating and morgen is more of a undicedet time
and half 12 is... 30 past 11uur
we see it like its a half hour left before its becomes 12 uur
i hope it is a bit helpful
Before the OV-Chipkaart arrived - Dutch Railways (NS / Nederlandse Spoorwegen) used to sell dated tickets that were valid from 04.00 to 04.00 the next day, because people with round trip tickets would go somewhere and spend the evening there, and still needed to return home.
In real life, many people roughly experience up til 03.00 as very late at night, and from 04.00 as very early morning.
Hi Casey. Concerning time, it might help to visualize an analogue clock. That’s how we learn our children (at least old geezers like myself dating from pre-digital times). That makes it easy as pie. ‘20’ is always ‘tien voor half’ and ‘40’ ‘tien over half’. Another basic rule (or custom, maybe) is that between 15 and 30 (‘half’), we use ‘voor’ - so 4:17 becomes ‘13 voor half vijf’. And similarly between 30 and 45 we use ‘over’ - 4:42 is ‘twaalf over half vijf’. Challenging, to say the least ;)
To make it even more confusing, the 24-hour clock in Dutch is used only in writing. So 2 pm is written as "14:00" but you say "twee uur".
That's right. Just subtract 12 between writing and telling the time (14 - 12 = 2).
Voor mij begint de nieuwe dag om 0:00 uur 's nachts. Ik gebruik de tien voor/na half versie nooit, ik zeg dan twintig over/voor.
Stoer
2:00 (AM): You can choose if you want to call it morning or night! :D No seriously. And a lot of people start calling it morning starting from about 4:00. They seem to relate "night" to when most people sleep and "morning" to when the sun might be up during summer and some people might have to get up for work on a farm or something. Others, like me, say everything between 00:00-06:00 is night...because that way you can partition the day up into neat 6 hour sections, like you did in your table.
To understand how the Dutch name parts of a day, you need to lose the clock and start looking at the time of day, the position of the sun and how people in Medieval times spent their time. I'm sure this is true for most languages/cultures, not only Dutch/Netherlands.
'Ochtend' - de vroege morgen (early morning), the time immediately after sunrise, daybreak. In English there's also 'dusk', depicting the time between night and sunrise: the sun is still behind the horizon, but its rays are already visible, driving away the dark of the night (dusk - 'Ochtendschemering', 'schemering' - shimmer).
'Laat in de ochtend' - late in the early morning, but can be interpreted as an hour after dusk.
'Morgen' - the period between sunrise and noon (at which the sun is at its highest point in the sky). Modern: 6:00 - 12:00.
'Laat in de morgen' - early in the morning, interpreted as 'after the morning coffee break'.
'Middag' - the period following the suns highest point and the time people usually end work. Modern: 12:00 - 18:00.
'Voormidddag' - early afternoon/first half, when work resumes. Modern: after lunch 13:30 - 15:00ish.
'Namiddag' - Second half of the afternoon, around tea time.
'Laat in de middag', late afternoon, but after the afternoon break/tea. Just before dawn arrives (dawn - 'Avondschermering')
'Avond' - the period between work end/arriving home and going to bed. Modern 18:00 - 00:00.
'Vooravond' - just after dinner, having taken a shower, about to have coffee/tea. Modern 19:30-21:30ish.
'Laat in de avond' - late in the evening, interpret as 'in the last (half) hour before going to bed'.
'Nacht' - Time when we sleep, from midnight until daybreak. Modern 00:00 - 6:00.
'Diep in de nacht' - deep at night, the time between halfway the night and before dusk.
I think you can compare it to the Dutch using only 3 or 4 words for snow and the Inuits using 40 different words for snow depending on the time of day/year, amount of precipitation, snow conditions.
You also would want to check the Dutch expression 'met de kippen op stok gaan' (going to bed early, when 'the chickens jump on their resting sticks' when the sun sets).
I'm dutch and, for me, a new day starts at midnight. Imagine it is 11:59 pm/23:59 on a Sunday... in 2 minutes it would be 00:01/12:01 am on Monday for me. It might just be a personal thing tho, just like people who believe a new week starts on Monday and people who think a new week starts on Sunday. I think people probably only see the moment they wake up as "a new day" or "morning." But, take my time right now, I am yelling about time at around 02:30 am... yet, would you call this 02:30 at night, or 2:30 in the morning? Both could be said and everyone would still understand what time it was.
for me as a belgian:
ochtend: 6u-9u
voormiddag: 9u-12u
middag: when I eat: 12u-13u
namiddag: 14u-18u
avond: 18u-00u
nacht: when i sleep: 00u - sunrise
hh:15 = kwart na
hh:20 = 20 na
hh:25 = 5 voor half
hh:30 = half
hh:35 = 5 na half
hh:40 = 20 voor
hh:45 = kwart voor
Don't know about the Dutch, but here in Belgium (whereI live that is) "Tien voor half elf" isn't used but we say "Twintig na tien" which is twenty minutes past ten.
Some observations as a Flemish speaker
I always found the Dutch use of "Middag" weird. Like, starting at about 2PM, I'd call it "namiddag", meaning afternoon.
Also, where most Dutch people would say "tien over vijf" meaning ten past five, Belgians also often say "tien na vijf".
Also, here's how I'd say every 5 minute increment before 4 and 5 o' clock:
4:00 - vier uur - four o' clock
4:05 - vijf na vier - five past four
4:10 - tien na vier - ten past four
4:15 - kwart na vier - quarter past four
4:20 - twintig na vier - twenty past four
4:25 - vijf voor half vijf - five to half five
4:30 - half vijf - half five
4:35 - vijf na half vijf - five past half five
4:40 - twintig voor vijf - twenty to five
4:45 - kwart voor vijf - quarter to five
4:50 - tien voor vijf - ten to five
4:55 - vijf voor vijf - five to five
Although I feel like people of my generation and younger also often just sound out the 12 or 24 hour digital clock, like 16:30 might be spoken as "vier uur dertig" or "zestien uur dertig'.