QCD: Visualizing the Strongest Force in the Universe: Quantum Chromodynamics
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 31 พ.ค. 2024
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QCD: Quantum Chromodynamics. How can positive protons be so close together in the nucleus, if they repel each other? Japanese physicist and Nobel laureate Hideki Yukawa sought to answer this question. He proposed the first significant theory of the strong nuclear force in 1934. He determined that this force must occur over a very small range.
Yukawa proposed that there must be a massive mediator particle that transfers this force between protons and neutrons. Using Einstein’s energy equivalence principle E=mc² and Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, he got a mass of 100 mega electron volts (MeV). This is close to what was found later to be correct -138 MeV. Yukawa coined the term meson for this particle.
New mesons and other particles kept getting discovered. This created a crisis in particle physics because all particles could not be fundamental. In 1964, Murry Gell-Mann and George Zweig proposed that the various particles that interacted with the strong nuclear force could be explained if they were composed of fundamental particles called quarks.
Gell-Mann said were three types of quarks - up, down and strange. And they all experience the strong force. The quark model proposed that mesons where made of a quark anti-quark pair.
But another way quarks could combine is in groups of 3 quarks. These became baryons, such as protons and neutrons. A proton is made of two up quarks and a down quark. The neutron is made of two down quarks and an up quark.
But one detected particle, a delta particle has 3 up quarks. This should be impossible because at least two of them would have the same quantum properties. And according to the Pauli exclusion principle, two fermions, with the same quantum properties cannot exist in the same location at the same time. This principle is the reason you can have only two electrons in any atomic orbital.
In 1964, American physicist Wally Greenberg proposed that quarks must have an additional property called color. Color is not optical, it is a metaphor for a kind of charge, a color charge. This would make the quarks not identical, so they could exist in the same particle.
There are three kinds of color - red, green, blue. You have to combine these colors to get a neutral white color, just like when you combine the visible colors. Similar to the way electric charge is conserved in QED, in QCD, color must be conserved, that is, all the colors must combine to get a neutral white.
But Pi mesons are only composed of two quarks. How do two quarks form a neutral color? There are anticolors called anti-red, anti-green, and anti-blue. When color, anti-color charges combine, they also form a neutral color charge.
But no one had ever detected a quark by itself. Scientists came up with an idea called quark confinement to explain how quarks are confined to within the nucleon - protons and neutrons. This implied that there must be something strongly holding these quarks together within the nucleon. A new particle, called a gluon, must exist to confer this attractive force.
Similar to the way QED, deals with electric charges and photons as the mediating particle for the electromagnetic force, QCD deals with color charges and the mediating particle called gluons. The difference is that photons are electrically neutral so they transmit the electromagnetic force, but they do not experience it The gluon, however not only transmits the strong force, but also has a color charge, so it experiences the strong force. Gluons interact with themselves.
#quantumchromodynamics
#QCD
#strongforce
As you pull two quarks apart, the strong force acts like a rubber band. The further you pull them apart, the more energy it takes. This tends to pull the quark back inside the proton or neutron. These gluon-gluon interactions constrain color fields to string-like objects called "flux tubes," which exert constant force when stretched. But if a quark is pulled with enough energy it pulls away until the flux tube breaks. The energy expended in pulling the quark apart results in a newly formed anti-quark pair - a meson. Mesons are a form of matter-antimatter particle, which do not last long, and are unstable. The longest last for only a few hundredths of a microsecond, limiting their range to within less than the diameter of a proton. Almost all the mass of an atom is due to QCD, not the Higgs field.
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Further reading: cutt.ly/DhWD09y - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
This topic was explained with much clarity and the animations added a lot to understandability. More of these, please. :)
I am a small student of class 7 elementary school 12 year old from india and I make videos related to quantum physics relativity, quantum field theory, quantum phenomenons, quantum mechanics equations etc etc but I am a small student and a small creater and started making videos on TH-cam 2 months ago that's why no one supports me please support my channel channel name physics chemistry and quantum physics channel link : th-cam.com/channels/no5qmhFA4S07N4TEpWH3dQ.html please visit to my channel support it and subscribe to it
absolutely brilliant and cogent ;alas I'm a retired physicist but this video is blocked from downloading! how do I get it?
when you eat meat you are complicit in tail docking, castration, teeth yanking, beek filing, chicks grinding, all are standard practices in the USA done without pain relief... look up what a gestation crate is on google... imagine being confined there not being able to take a step forward/backward/even turn around.....youd think after all that they can die a peaceful death... but no during transit depending on how far away the slaughterhouse is.. many of the animals die from thrist/heat/cold.... if you watch interviews with ex slaughterhouse workers they maintain that a lot of the animals remain conscious as they're hung upside down choking on their own blood
Not a US resident? Look up the standard rearing/slaughtering methods of your country, it is most likely the same/even more brutal
According to the American dietetic association (consisting of 100,000 professionals in health and nutrition) we can thrive on a vegan diet... at evry stage of life... pregnancy, lactation &infancy... this is backed by the British dietetic association, the Canadian dietic association, as well as the NHS
Furthermore the United Nation published a 40 page report titled Livestock's Long Shadow detailing every envionmental issue we face as a result of animal agriculture.... the list is extensive everything from global warming, climate change, water pollution, resource depletion, antibiotics resistance, deforestation (to make room for feed crops) leading to habitat loss and species extinction at an unprecedented rate... and so on
Still insist we have valid reasons for meat consumption? Look up "earthling ed ted talk every argument against veganism" he will debunk all the best points waged against vegans
Finally, I have to add because people seem oblivious to the cruelty of dairy and eggs. Vegetarians please make the connection. Search this up "why aren't vegans just vegetarian earthling ed"
If you're a U.S resident look up "earthlings documentary"
If you're in UK - look up "land of hope and glory earthling ed"
If youre in Australia look up "dominion documentary"
I looked at the channel. This kid is extremely impressive. He is a better communicator than many of my professors.
@@franklipsky3396 there are many ways to download youtube videos
Just search it on google
I'm not fat. I'm 98% binding energy.
Underrated comment :D
indeed... but same as everybody or everything else. By comparison, the same description is applicable.
😂
You just have more quarks that need to be bound
And how do you explain the missing 2%?
Man I love these videos. School made me HATE physics but you made me fall in love with physics again.
Because when you never understand stuff you start to hate stuff 😪😪
@@Solid_Snake88 I think that is also about the teachers.. speaking about school, they can play a big part in you hating or loving something like physics.
In school the focus is on grades, not learning anything.
I hat my college too...😣😣
@@blackbeard9545 yup
And mind you school is suppose to prepare you for adulthood
They do a bad job at that
Yukawa was in his twenties when he proposed the strong force.... astounding!
Yes, Einstein and Newton were not very old either when they come up with their earth-shattering ideas.
Yes, he was quite the strong force! (har har)
Thankfully he didn't turn his genius to weapons research in either of the World Wars.
OMG 20 pounds? That's almost unimaginable for something as small as a proton.
@UCFvwWAB95k_e5YCiyQMxIkg No 20 pounds...which is not quite 10KG BTW.
I know right? I tried explaining to my mom how much more powerful electromagnetism was compared to gravity by explaining how magnets can pick objects up off the Earth. The massive difference between a marble sized magnet compared to the Earth and the fact that the magnets can easily beat the Earth's gravity in a tug of war makes gravity so extremely weak. So the strong force overcoming EM is incredible. My mom at first was like "Really?" when I told her gravity was the weakest but I don't think she fully appreciated how weak it truly was despite all my analogies and comparisons.
@@TheSkullConfernece really it's all dependant on the scale. Gravity seems a stronger force because it governs how the universe moves on huge scales the size of galaxies, a scale where electromagnetism has almost zero affect. Meanwhile on the scale of humans, electromagnetism become the more powerful force.
@@DBZHGWgamer if that was true then why do we always ask top physicists if they know the reason why EM is so vastly more powerful than gravitation? and why do they always answer that that's one of the greatest mysteries?
The reason gravity dominates at the large scale of the universe is because objects are not charged, all charge is rapidly neutralized *because* em is such a powerful force, and ONLY AFTER everything is discharged at the macro scale inside the universe, can gravitation be dominant, but it's only dominant because if the -absence- of EM. EM is vastly more powerful than gravitation.
@Irish Jester Scale isn't irrelevant. The strength of the electromagnetic field of an object falls off over the cube of the distance from the object, meanwhile the impact of gravity falls off over the square of the distance from an object. Magnetism falls off much more quickly than gravity which makes it exponentially less impactful the larger the distance.
Fundamentally you can't "scaled down gravity to the size of the strong force" because they operate in very different ways. The strong force is mediated by a particle with mass, meanwhile gravity and the electromagnetic force are not mediated by particles with mass, as far as we know gravity doesn't even have a mediating particle and technically isn't even a force.
Your ability to introduce each of the components of these concepts with such clarity, and in the right order, is unbelievably impressive. Great job!
Thank you. I appreciate that.
@@ArvinAsh When a rock is cleanly broken, how do they know not to rejoin when put back together ?
Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules:
When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. (More spatial curvature). What if gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks. (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are actually a part of the quarks. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Force" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" make sense based on this concept. Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons.
Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons.
Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron. The phenomenon of Supercoiling involving twist and writhe cycles may reveal how overtwisted quarks can produce these new particles.
Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves.
@@SpotterVideo I agree, had a similar theory, just not so well versed, could you please share the sources you learn from? Also, supercoiling seems to be universal, it is evident in all topics of all sizes.
Look up vacuum welding
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Arvin Ash: Magellan TV
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this is the most intuitive and simple expanation of QCD I saw till now. the velcro analogy is mind blowing
what is velcro? I didn't understand that.
@@coeur8042 that's the brand name for hook and loop fasteners. You know, that material that has rough hooks on one part and soft loops on the other?
Has color charge actually been observed like em has? Or did physicists
Invent it to to explain their observations and rules
The mass associated with the binding energy is a real eye opener.
It really connects the mass energy equivalence in a very direct way.
Great video!
Arvin introduces a subject in a manner that catches my attention immediately. He asks the right questions, and approaches a subject from a layman's point of view. Great teacher!
I just love to watch your videos again and again ..... and my students too. They are in love with you. Thank you very much Sir .....Keep it up ....
Great to hear! Thank you. Keep spreading science my friend!
Truly EXCELLENT.
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
Five stars, highest rating.
Reminder to replace 'is' with 'may be/is asserted to be/is likely' and 'because of' with 'likely due to' and 'says that' with 'is cited as saying' and 'we can' with 'we may be able to', and 'means' as 'is summarized as'.
certainties are certainty uncertain
great vid and I love historical context :) Corona I think has been guilty of one thing: making everyone sit and study a little more than we may have otherwise!
😂
So clearly explained, I ALMOST feel the beginnings of understanding. Thanks.
murphy cooper : i knew my father would come back .
cooper: how ??
murphy : GRAVITY!!!!!
I know what you did there man 💯
he will come back from the earth not from you, unless you have so much mass than the earth
Ok, that one took me a sec. 😂
@@mayankbhaisora2699 and?
Teacher, let me seriously acknowledge that your teaching on the subject of physics is fascinating. It expresses the knowledge in a general way and the precise ones. I have been self-taught for 5 years, and with you I am learning technical things and ideas that I have never been able to. He must be an amazing teacher.
I've been waiting for very long time, finally happy . Still physics is living with good communicator like Mr.Arvin Ash . Wish i had teacher like you in my school days. Physics is full of solved problems with unsolved mysteries
All of this is way over my head. But I’ve always been interested in physics. I’m able to gain some intuitive feelings from the way you’re able to explain such complex science in the simplest possible way. It feels satisfying for a person like me. Thank you
4:14 Wow that's an ingenious way of describing how the Strong Nuclear force works! We don't know why it works like that(physics isn't good at answering the 'why') but for the 'how' that is bang on.
May the force be with you, Master Ash.
Dont turn to the dark side of the force the dark side of the force has the strong influence on the weak minded
He's the Master, we are Protuwans.
This is officially the best channel on TH-cam.
A big fan of Arvin's explanation..........it was after seeing a ted talk video that his video was suggested......the hydrogen bomb video.......and from that video I was hooked to his channel.........bcoz its very difficult to make simple explanation of complex topics........hats off to Arvin.
I love the way you explain complicated things. Thank you!!!!
Love learning through your content! You break stuff down in a way that makes sense. Thank you! :)
Hey cool person reading this.
Isn't pretty wild that I (and possibly you) never learned this much while in school but here we are enjoying this knowledge.
Thanks for the work Arvin ash
I'm extremely lucky to have a teacher who already knew all this. (He actually knew it all already coz he taught us this way before this video came out)
My teachers in high school and college never explained how protons keep together. I reasoned that the electrons should attract the protons out of the nucleus. But their very fast motion made them attract one direction, then another so fast that the effects were neutralized. This video clarifies this. Arvin is the best teacher I have ever seen! It's all clear now.
Far out as always. The analogies and visuals really help to wrap my mind around these concepts. Thanks for taking the time, Arvin (& team!)
I believed in love as the strongest force in the universe. My life was a lie.
Welcome to the club!
thats the 5th essential force of the universe
It seems you have already departed, hence your WAS lie not IS lie.
@@ArvinAsh
At about 8:30, you say that "color" is a metaphor for a "color charge." Exactly what is this color charge?
@@spaceman081447 Great question! It is a property of quarks and gluons. We know what the charge does - it does what I explained in the video. But exactly what it is, that is, what is the nature of this charge, no one knows, just like we don't really know what an electrical charge is either.
Impressed.
Clearly explained.
Informative.
Nice.
The answer according to countless movies and series is love
Wouldn't that be nice, if it was true?
I has always struggled to understand how the strong force bound quarks into hadrons, but also bound hadrons into nuclei. Your explaination of mesons was so amazing that I finally understood!!! Thank you Arvin Ash, you've helped me understand something I'd been struggling with for years
The fact that most of the mass comes from the energy rather than higgs field really surprised me
energy is just a state of matter to me, just like the water states in earth.
@@espaciohexadimencionalsern3668 matter is a state of energy in the beginning of the univerve there was no matter only energy as things cooled particles came into existence
@@preetivaish7180 That is the BB theory. Just look to the stars that are made of plasma arent they plusma? and when matter boils dont stars emitte light? and when light refracts cant it be cold light? even quasars light get refracted why should not all light get refracted sooner or later so to be a cycle?
what surprised me most, is that after dozens of hours of documentaries about quantum mechanics and the higgs boson ant what not, I heard it now for the first time.
Mass is just concentrated energy right? If energy stays in one place relative to one frame of reference for long period of time ( for example binding energy staying within proton relative to the frame of reference (other protons or neutrons of nucleus) is called as mass right?
This was a really good video
when you eat meat you are complicit in tail docking, castration, teeth yanking, beek filing, chicks grinding, all are standard practices in the USA done without pain relief... look up what a gestation crate is on google... imagine being confined there not being able to take a step forward/backward/even turn around.....youd think after all that they can die a peaceful death... but no during transit depending on how far away the slaughterhouse is.. many of the animals die from thrist/heat/cold.... if you watch interviews with ex slaughterhouse workers they maintain that a lot of the animals remain conscious as they're hung upside down choking on their own blood
Not a US resident? Look up the standard rearing/slaughtering methods of your country, it is most likely the same/even more brutal
According to the American dietetic association (consisting of 100,000 professionals in health and nutrition) we can thrive on a vegan diet... at evry stage of life... pregnancy, lactation &infancy... this is backed by the British dietetic association, the Canadian dietic association, as well as the NHS
Furthermore the United Nation published a 40 page report titled Livestock's Long Shadow detailing every envionmental issue we face as a result of animal agriculture.... the list is extensive everything from global warming, climate change, water pollution, resource depletion, antibiotics resistance, deforestation (to make room for feed crops) leading to habitat loss and species extinction at an unprecedented rate... and so on
Still insist we have valid reasons for meat consumption? Look up "earthling ed ted talk every argument against veganism" he will debunk all the best points waged against vegans
Finally, I have to add because people seem oblivious to the cruelty of dairy and eggs. Vegetarians please make the connection. Search this up "why aren't vegans just vegetarian earthling ed"
If you're a U.S resident look up "earthlings documentary"
If you're in UK - look up "land of hope and glory earthling ed"
If youre in Australia look up "dominion documentary"
@@25kgplantsmake1kgbeefmosts4 dude are you fucking okay my guy
This video answered so many questions I've had lately. Thank you so much for making this understandable. So fascinating!
Your videos are far more clear than many other channels! I love your videos! Thank you for your immense efforts!
Fantastic video. Thank you so much.
that moment when a small particle is stonger than u
& the moment you realise this particles constitute you and 98% of your mass is just energy
Wonderful video - this is why I keep coming back to your channel
Nice one Arvin! thank you for explaining complex stuff in an easy way once again !
Bravo! Professor Ash is THE BEST!
13:32 I’ve always wondered why the strong force only operates within the nucleus. It never occurred to me that the range of a force could be limited by the lifespan of its force carrying particle. Mind blown. 😲
Thank you for this. So much makes sense now.
Sincerelly u are the best scientific divulgator of the web, I've seen all your vídeos and I love all of them, u are great and your vídeos should be mandatory in all schools, keep the pase and keep educating and teaching, THANK YOU!!
Well done, Arvin Ash. It is strange that everywhere these quarks are found from the sun to the grass, even in art projects. A video like this one is much more helpful than it all on a blackboard in a classroom or church. When you think of rainbows, I never thought that color itself could be used as a metaphor for these small objects we cannot see. Sometimes when plants outside wither, they change color unless they are evergreen, but that is different in quantum perception. Lions may yawn, but to someone who cannot hear, it may look like they are roaring. It is funny how things are illusive in different ways, like the rainbow which I have yet to find any pot of gold at its end. But, Arvin Ash you are helping us all to understand some interesting ideas in these days before each a darkness is realized which ends it. The frogs sing at night, but I am not sure that their songs have the same carrying on as the knowledge which you present to your viewers. Some play videogames, and some have stopped playing videogames, or maybe they will when they get to be ancient in age, but as even in videogames, there is no witchcraft there which science cannot explain as illusion. Thank you.
*_Arvin, another very informative video!_*
If you would've been my physics prof I would have definitely switched my major!
Keep 'em coming! I can't wait for the next one!
Spoiler alert, the strongest force in the universe is ........love
There must be quantum love ...😅😅
love with in particles.
@@Gogoi-07 so much mass and so much love.
Spoiled again...by love!
The Love eqn := V (LoveU) x Long2 x time
I wish my Physics Teacher at school was like you. All I learnt from lessons was that this was the most boring subject in the World. I couldn't see the contradiction in that I gobbled up articles and books on Physics in my own time. Exactly the same story regarding my combined hatred and love of Music. We never even learnt Chemistry. Your first experiences with a subject affect you for a lifetime if you don't understand yourself as an adult. This is the major job of maturing through adulthood in my opinion.
Brilliant!! When explained, like this, it is easy to understand. Thanks Arvin.
WOW, DR. ARVIN...!!! That was absolutely amazing, please keep up the good work!
GP 👍😎
Thank you. Much appreciated.
Tnx enjoyed it much, very informative
Arvin, your explanations are way better than other channels. I don't know exactly why they are better, but I know that I have learned more after watching yours than after watching several of the other channel's videos. Keep it up!
This is the clearest explanation of QCD I have come across. Thank you very much Arvin!
loved the new intro music created such a hype that I got goosbumps
Hahaha
How da hell did you make this topic so friendly??? Congrats!!! Nice material.
#CountryOfPlastic #Educational #Physics
I enjoy that this is just out of my grasp of understanding until I listen a few times. Next level stuff for me. Thank you Arvin!
best explanation of this perplexing sphere of atomic mechanics ever, well done, i almost understand
My God this was well explained, thank you.
You are a very good teacher 🙂
It takes a crazy amount of skill to be able to explain these concepts in such a simple way. Amazing!
Excellent presentation. Thank you Arvin Ash.
Thanks a lot for arabic subtitles it's really helpful .
Thanks arvin
My 4 and a half yr old loves your videos. He wanted to add a comment, and asked me to ask regarding the content of this video: “How does this all happen?” :)
Well, that is one smart 4 year old! It happens due to the nature of the color charge. When two objects with color charges are nearby, they interact in such a way that the contents of this video illustrate. What exactly is the nature of the color force is not known...but this would be a great thing if your 4 year old would study it, and perhaps provide a new insight for the rest of humanity.
This gentleman is a genius and a good man.
This is like a tutorial of the Universe. Awesome. Can't wait for game engines to implements these properties
"Any nucleus larger than the size of a lead nucleus is unstable..."
Bismuth: Am I a joke to you?
Yep, it's radioactive, weakly, but radioactive nevertheless.
@@ArvinAsh Until just now when I looked it up, I thought it was stable. Half-life of 2×10^19 years? Close enough.😁
I am a small student of class 7 Elementary School and I make videos of quantum mechanics, physics, relativity, quantum field theory etc I explain complex topics simply but I am a new creater that's why no one supports me please support me and subscribe to my channel channel name physics chemistry and quantum physics channel link : th-cam.com/channels/no5qmhFA4S07N4TEpWH3dQ.html
@@ArvinAsh anything is radioactive given enough time
@@quantummechanics5774 please do not beg for people to watch your channel in other people comment sections
Excellent overview of the field of study that is QCD, well done as always Arvin.
Arvin you are very interesting. You explain stuff so someone like me can grasp it. You also address a broad base of topics. Thanks.
Am hoping to see the origin of life and the UFO up next 👍
Working on it. Hopefully in January.
Check out his video on origin of life
th-cam.com/video/nNK3u8uVG7o/w-d-xo.html
@@ArvinAsh UFO are a waste of time Arvin life is just all around while there is light.
Gluon: Do you even lift bro?
Photon: :/
But the photon is a long distance runner.
just...... Just Thank You
Thank you sir, you arm me with acknowledge which I can use to listen some other videos about nature to understand them better!
11:33 "gluons interact with other gluons" - that confused me a bit. Gluons mediate strong force between quarks, but mesons mediate strong force between hadrons/nuclei... what is mediating the force between gluons? Is it still single strong force or two or three forces? Thank you for explanation.
Since gluons carry color charges themselves, they interact with each other. This is unlike photons that do not have an electric charge, so they do not interact with each other when mediating the electromagnetic force.
@@ArvinAsh I know you said that in the video. Maybe I am asking the wrong question, so: how do gluons interact with each other? Swapping colors or something like that? That is what you ment?
@@firdacz Not an expert here.... But is it electrostatic forces that is being discussed here?
@@firdacz Not an expert here.... But is it electrostatic forces that is being discussed here?
@@gautamgopal3517 I am no expert either. I have some math-phys background (multi-dim integrals, algebra, set-theory, ... Turing Machines, Neural Networks), but am a programmer for living, not a physicist.
Gluons carry color-charge, not electrostatic charge (like electrons). I do understand that photons do not carry any charge but mediate el.mag. force (simply: like throwing balls at each other, every photon transfers momentum, electron-electron throw at each other, electron-proton kinda away, simplifying here). I do understand that gluons carry color-charge, it is a bit more complex than RGB, but good enough. Imagine red gluon emited from quark, changing its color, hitting another quark in a proton, restoring color-neutrality. That is what glues them together. Won't work outside a proton, but pulling the quark out creates meson (quark+anti-quark) that later collapses (matter+anti-matter annihilation), but still transfers momentum like the photon to mediate strong force (photon mediates el.mag./electro-static ... don't get me started about relativity here).
My question was about gluon-gluon interaction. Do they change "colors" or what?
The day will be great day when we'll able to solve all the mistry of this universe.
This is one of the best, if not the best, explanation I've seen of the strong force. Thank you!
This IS BEAUTIFUL!!!! THANKS! Every time someone says that we can't experience the strong nuclear interaction it feels so weird, given that that's what makes most of our mass!
Make a deep knowledge video on singularity
waste of time and energy dude.
You must be product of particles and their interaction. You teach particle physics so well.
Best high-level explanation of QCD, ever.
wow mindblown episode thanks Arvin!!
14:52 Only 2 percent of the mass comes from the Higgs field? So who needs the Higgs field at all?
Well, without it atoms would not exist because electrons could not orbit around a nucleus if they did not have mass. So, no matter, no sun, no earth, and no humans without the Higgs Field.
An outstanding production! Physics classes were NEVER this good.. I wonder if this is how the Holodeck created its characters with their realistic "Solidity" ; )..Thanks..
Good question! I hope I live to see that technology be reality.
My favorite channel by far! Thank you very much !
Easily one of the best science communication channels on TH-cam.
I read the title as "OCD: the strongest force in the universe", which also seems legit
Beat me too it.
Sir can you make a video on isospin. I have tried everything within my limits but still don't get the concept of it
Watch the next video where I will tackle that.
From other videos my ape brain got the notion that both mechanical rotation and quantum isospin share the math of abstract algebra on hyper-complex numbers. Thus why they seem so similar.
@@henrytjernlund That's correct. Electroweak isospin is a quantum charge, just like color, but it happens to look like a spin.
@@Ricocossa1 Mass is just concentrated energy right? If energy stays in one place relative to one frame of reference for long period of time ( for example binding energy staying within proton relative to the frame of reference (other protons or neutrons of nucleus) is called as mass right?
@@shashankchandra1068 That doesn’t sound very true to me…. If we’re not considering general relativity, mass would be the energy of a system in the center of mass frame. Two free massless photons can have a mass when put together. You compute that mass (squared) by subtracting the momentum squared to the energy squared. For a single photon that gives you zero, but not for two photons. You’re right that the binding energy of an atom adds (actually subtracts!) to its mass. That’s because the electromagnetic field binding the electron to the nucleus carries momentum and energy too.
Super-excellent video, on a super-excellent topic! Thanks, Arvin.
I really enjoy your videos, Arvin. I got my Master's in 2004, but have been an engineer since then. Really love having the refresher
But how do kinetic energy of quarks results in "rest mass" and not "relativistic mass"???
It doesn't. The Higgs field gives the rest mass of 9.1 MeV. The kinetic energy gives the remaining 928.9 MeV and would be relativistic mass. 14:15
Because the proton is at rest, even though isn't constituents aren't.
In the same way a box full of photons will have more mass than an empty box.
Does anybody remember Newtons laws of physics ?? For Every action there is an equal an opposite reaction.
It's called Rocket science :D
Only if u in grade 7 🤣🤣🤣
@Prerit Sharma this isn't universal amongst schools, idk why you're trying to correct him.
I've learned of this stuff in 4th grade.
@@daenite2480 bro you were 10 then did you even know what force was except the magic in star wars
@@guccihorsepiss2406 for one thing: 9
for another: didnt even like star wars
and finally: you *severely* underestimate the intellect of a 9-year-old if you think this is borederline impossible to teach them, unless your school just so happened to underperform in educating their elementary students.
In my opinion, this is Arvin's best video to date....easy to learn from and visualize. His graphics were outstanding.
Great video, I learned something new today. Thank you!
Why gravity considered as one of the four fundamental forces. Because general relativity proved gravity is not a force. Its just curvature in spacetime
...because GR is incomplete, and its true nature is not really known. It may yet be found to be a force after a quantum gravity theory is discovered.
force is made out of mass, space and time, mass x length / time^2, to be precise.
Probably the best video on QCD on TH-cam that even a total beginner in Particle Physics can understand . Awesome Sir❤️
Glad it was helpful!
You make it all sound so easy. Your a excellent teacher.
Great work...Thanks for your efforts
Thanks for your content Arvin - another fantastic video. Magellan TV subscriptions gifted for Christmas!
Awesome, thank you!
Very clear and easy explanation...thank you
Wow! That was great! Thank you! It is a fascinating look into the binding energy of free space and the powerful dynamics within an atom. Just sub'd, Terrific!
This is amazing! I really learned something new! Great explanation!