You are a better teacher than tenured physiology professors because you can actually explain complex concepts on a level that students can understand. Thank you so much
Honestly i love Ninja nerd science more than Dr Najeeb's lectures because of the accent and the flow. Both are good but i just feel more engaged here. Love u Zach. And again, this channel is so so so so UNDERRATED!!!!
That and Najeeb just takes way too long to go over one topic. He just did a topic that takes Najeeb literally 9 hours of lecture. I know Najeeb literally pounds it into your brains, but it gets to a point where you don't really need to know every single small detail for a 1st year medical school physiology exam.
I used to spend hours and hours on Guyton b/c it's easy but time consuming also.You explain each and everything in a short time.Would that I had visited your channel earlier.Indeed,you are saviour of thousands of medicos ❤
Hello! As much as I really, really want to contribute and support your channel financially however, I am still a student so I don't have any income yet. :( The least I can do for now is to never skip ads while watching your videos. You guys really helped me a lot! Thank you so much from the bottom of my heart! Yow guys, hope you won't skip ads while watching his lectures. It helps the team a lot in terms of income.
I am a Certified Diabetes Educator and Clinical Nurse Specialist in Diabetes at a Regional Hospital in Fredericton NB Canada. I LOVE your videos and am now a Ninja Nerd Medicine follower!! FOREVER. LOVE your videos.
I cant focus or follow along during lecture as a med student. Come to Ninja Nerd and the video is over and ive been glued to the screen bc I understood it all and could now explain it to my classmates! Way better than my professors!
Guys you will be the reason in creating new generation with great amount of real information that based on facts and studies not books or slides Thank you for making great studying methods
wow i dont know why or how i havent seen this videos before. i am a nursing student currently taking A&P and these videos just saved my average. honestly i dont know why no one has shown me these. i like khan academy but they just go through it once and get too technical too fast, you teach at a slow rate and allow for full understanding. thank you!
Tubular secretion is secretion *into* the tubule. Tubular reabsorption is absorption *from* the tubule. Thanks for clearing this up! My textbook was as clear as mud about this.
My summary: Osmolarity = volume of particles per kg solvent = moles/kg solvent = 300mosm/L Sodium Potassium Pump (Active transport) - 3 sodium out - Two Potassium in Moving into areas of high conc. Requires ATP Secondary Active Transport Transports Sodium from tubule into cell (into low conc. So passive) - this allows Glucose to also do the same thing even though it is moving to an area of high conc. This process can happen with sodium and amino acids/Lactate Tubular Secretion - Active process - Moving substances from blood to kidney tubule Ammonia - Glutamine is an amino acid found inside cell - Goes though Deamination and Acidification - results in 2 amine groups (NH3 + H+) which become ammonium and two bicarbs - Bicarbs enter blood stream through a transporter that brings chloride in - Body does this to compensate for acidosis Ammonium is secreted through a ATP transporter into lumen - Ammonium can disassociate into ammonia and protons H+ Protons excreted out on lumen membrane via secondary active transport swapping with sodium that goes into the cell Drugs - Substances like drugs (penicillin, methotrexate, morphine etc.) or rganic bases (oxalate ions) or acids (uric acid or bile salts) cannot be filtered easily through the glomerulus - They are secreted into proximal convoluted tubule through active process Tubular Reabsorption - Active or passive - Moving substances from kidney tubule to blood What happens once this substances have entered the cell? - Specific transporters on the basal lateral membrane - Transport glucose/ amino acids/ lactate from cell into blood stream - Generally all of these substances that we filter are 100% reabsorbed Bicarb - Bicarb enters the cell - CO2 can move into our cells - combine and react with water --> H2CO3 (carbonic acid) - Enzyme that catalyses this step - carbonic anhydrase - Carbonic acid then disassociates into bicarbonate and protons - Sodium Hydrogen Antiporter ○ Sodium then moves through a specific channel whilst the proton moves into tubule - Proton then combines with proton to make carbonic acid - Reacts with enzyme carbonic anhydrase on lumen membrane § Converts to CO2 and water § They then leave the tubule - This bicarb also gets pushed into the blood stream (approx. 90%) Obligatory Water Reabsorption Water loves to move with sodium during secondary active transporters (obligatory water reabsorption) - Sodium 65% - Water 65% Paracellular Transport - Calcium, magnesium, potassium, Chloride move in between the cells through tight junctions - Potassium 55% - Chloride 50% Sodium Chloride Sim Porter - Transport protein allows - Moves sodium and chloride into cell and then into the blood - Chloride 50% Lipids - Pass through phospholipid bilayer and get straight into the blood stream - Urea (only small amount) Small Proteins - Insulin and haemoglobin - aren't generally filtered that much - Specific receptors on tubule lumen - Gets caught on receptor - Endocytose - Combine inside cell with lysosomes - break down the proteins into amino acids in a vesicle - Vesicle fuses with cell membrane - push amino acids into blood PTH Channel - Channel on luminal membrane wants to bring in sodium and phosphate ions into cell - On basal side of cell there is a receptor for PTH ○ Binds to receptor ○ G stimulator protein ○ Actives adenylate cyclase (converts ATP to cyclic AMP) ○ Cyclic AMP turns into protein kinase A - Protein kinase A then inhibits the sodium potassium transporter This causes phosphate to be excreted
I just want to say thank you! I really need to see every process step by step to understand and thanks to you it’s been so much easier because my professors explain but I don’t understand any of this if I dont see how it works 😔 I already watched the respiratory playlist and thanks to you I got to understand every word my professor was explaining, by the way I got 78.5 on my test, I hope to get that same grade on this test or event more, thanks again
Your are best teacher than my physiology professor iam every day feel physiology very tough 😢 now your vedios very nice I can understand everything 😊 physiology and biochemistry also thank you ninja nerd 🙏👍
I am an Internal medicine hospitalist. I am just amazed how wonderful these videos are. You have a natural ability to deliver complex concepts very well. Thank you!!
Bless your heart and soul!!! Congratulations! I love your passionate approach to conveying this fantastic information. You have really saved me!!! May you always be happy and well.
Stumbled upon your videos, maybe it was pure luck maybe it was fate but either way I couldn't be more thankful. You have been a god sent, an amazing surprise. Thank you so much, I really appreciate your videos.
Urea is not lipid soluble, it is reabsorbed by passive transportation called solvent drag, where it is reabsorbed along with water. Besides that, these videos are really really helpful thank you for this
Absolutely love, love all your videos!!! VEry good explanations and you make learning so fun and I can't wait to see your vidoes. Thankyou so much for making physiology easier to comprehend. Love you!
Thank you so much for your videos, it was very helpful, educational, awesome explanation, continue doing such things, and remember you are helping thousands
OMG this video certainly helps to understand the new SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors) drugs used in the treatment of diabetes (T2D), especially in understanding where these work in the renal system!!
I understood that PCT main function is resorption of molecules back into the bloodstream via microvilli/brush border, lysosomes, and secondary active co transports. However, in your drawing, is the PCT the square diagrams or the actual tube-like structure extending from the bowman's capsule?
+Johneisha Motley hello, the tube is just representing the lumen of the PCT and the squares are the simple cuboidal cells that line the PCT. hope that makes sense.
Ninja Nerd Science, I think there is a conceptual glitch between 13:49 till 15:41. You end up saying, 90% of the bicarbonate is reabsorbed into the blood. Yes, that's indeed right. 90% of Bicarbonate which is filtered in the glomerulus is actually reabsorbed from the filtrate into the cells and then into the circulation. Reabsorption is from the lumen,(from the filtrate, what was filtered by the nephron) to the circulation, right? If CO2 inside cell , produced by cellular respiration or by diffusion, from circulation into the cell , combines with water to form H2C03, which in turn breaks into H+ & HC03-, of which HCO3- is taken back into the circulation, H+ into the tubular lumen(tubular cell to circulation), How would this account to reabsorption, since the Bicarbonate initially filtered in the glomerulus doesn't move back into the circulation?
It seems to be a net effect. Ultimately, the fact that CO2 enter cells creates a concentration gradient that favors the movement of hydrogen ions into the tubule. If this wasn't the case, the bicarbonate in the tubule would eventually be excreted. So, you are correct...it might not be the exact same molecule but ultimately the net effect is that 90% of the bicarbonate is reabsorbed. I could be wrong but that's how I have it mapped out in my mind. Let me know if that makes any sense!
You are a better teacher than tenured physiology professors because you can actually explain complex concepts on a level that students can understand. Thank you so much
My med school grades and understanding are directly correlated to this channel . Thank you ❤
Honestly i love Ninja nerd science more than Dr Najeeb's lectures because of the accent and the flow. Both are good but i just feel more engaged here. Love u Zach. And again, this channel is so so so so UNDERRATED!!!!
say what you want about Najeeb but got a tight ass though
That and Najeeb just takes way too long to go over one topic. He just did a topic that takes Najeeb literally 9 hours of lecture. I know Najeeb literally pounds it into your brains, but it gets to a point where you don't really need to know every single small detail for a 1st year medical school physiology exam.
ninja nerds is the best,reminds me of my late biology teacher ..., marehemu mr sanga
I even feel the sme, ninja is the best 👍💯teacher 😃
I have a feeling Zach used to watch dr. Najeeb
No words can express how grateful I am. Med school is much easier with you. Thank you!
GET THIS MAN A GOLD MEDAL!!! HE IS THE GOAT
why not a diamond medal?
@@8v8i inflation but he deserves everything in the world 😩
@@iloveroronoazoro1316 do you study medicine ?
@@8v8i yeah barely getting by
This is the first time in 3 years that I completely understand this concept. You're amazing
nice that u understand the concept now
I used to spend hours and hours on Guyton b/c it's easy but time consuming also.You explain each and everything in a short time.Would that I had visited your channel earlier.Indeed,you are saviour of thousands of medicos ❤
I watch this in 2024. I am studying as a med student. You're video guiding me so much. God bless you Mr. Zach. ❤❤ I love you so much
Suddenly chemistry and biochemistry is so beautiful .... I just want your brain..... Thank you very much!
sir, you're such a saviour! after studying from your lectures, the concepts in the book seem so easy!! God bless you!!!!
Are u med stu?
Hello! As much as I really, really want to contribute and support your channel financially however, I am still a student so I don't have any income yet. :( The least I can do for now is to never skip ads while watching your videos. You guys really helped me a lot! Thank you so much from the bottom of my heart!
Yow guys, hope you won't skip ads while watching his lectures. It helps the team a lot in terms of income.
I doubt that helps bud
Got it !!
I am a Certified Diabetes Educator and Clinical Nurse Specialist in Diabetes at a Regional Hospital in Fredericton NB Canada. I LOVE your videos and am now a Ninja Nerd Medicine follower!! FOREVER. LOVE your videos.
Binging all your videos like how I am binging Brooklyn 99
same
I cant focus or follow along during lecture as a med student. Come to Ninja Nerd and the video is over and ive been glued to the screen bc I understood it all and could now explain it to my classmates! Way better than my professors!
I wonder how will I be able to understand physiology without this channel and this guy honestly
Guys you will be the reason in creating new generation with great amount of real information that based on facts and studies not books or slides Thank you for making great studying methods
This is the best video out there for Renal Physio. You guys need to get some kind of award for explaining the Renal system flawlessly!
OMFG . Watched it in 1,5. The exprience is similar as having mdma. Thanks for sharing your precise and clear knowledge
10:12: “I’m not housing a pizza”
One of my most favourite lecturers
wow i dont know why or how i havent seen this videos before. i am a nursing student currently taking A&P and these videos just saved my average. honestly i dont know why no one has shown me these. i like khan academy but they just go through it once and get too technical too fast, you teach at a slow rate and allow for full understanding. thank you!
Tubular secretion is secretion *into* the tubule. Tubular reabsorption is absorption *from* the tubule. Thanks for clearing this up! My textbook was as clear as mud about this.
You are the most popular man at my school right now. These videos are pure gold
You best than wikipedia , you the most brilliant presenter👏👏👏👏
I just want to say that these videos are the only reason I’m passing physiology. You are awesome.
You put too much efforts in your videos which makes these topics easier for us. Thanks a lot and God bless you.
My summary:
Osmolarity
= volume of particles per kg solvent
= moles/kg solvent
= 300mosm/L
Sodium Potassium Pump (Active transport)
- 3 sodium out
- Two Potassium in
Moving into areas of high conc.
Requires ATP
Secondary Active Transport
Transports Sodium from tubule into cell (into low conc. So passive) - this allows Glucose to also do the same thing even though it is moving to an area of high conc.
This process can happen with sodium and amino acids/Lactate
Tubular Secretion
- Active process
- Moving substances from blood to kidney tubule
Ammonia
- Glutamine is an amino acid found inside cell
- Goes though Deamination and Acidification - results in 2 amine groups (NH3 + H+) which become ammonium and two bicarbs
- Bicarbs enter blood stream through a transporter that brings chloride in
- Body does this to compensate for acidosis
Ammonium is secreted through a ATP transporter into lumen
- Ammonium can disassociate into ammonia and protons
H+
Protons excreted out on lumen membrane via secondary active transport swapping with sodium that goes into the cell
Drugs
- Substances like drugs (penicillin, methotrexate, morphine etc.) or rganic bases (oxalate ions) or acids (uric acid or bile salts) cannot be filtered easily through the glomerulus
- They are secreted into proximal convoluted tubule through active process
Tubular Reabsorption
- Active or passive
- Moving substances from kidney tubule to blood
What happens once this substances have entered the cell?
- Specific transporters on the basal lateral membrane
- Transport glucose/ amino acids/ lactate from cell into blood stream
- Generally all of these substances that we filter are 100% reabsorbed
Bicarb
- Bicarb enters the cell
- CO2 can move into our cells - combine and react with water --> H2CO3 (carbonic acid)
- Enzyme that catalyses this step - carbonic anhydrase
- Carbonic acid then disassociates into bicarbonate and protons
- Sodium Hydrogen Antiporter
○ Sodium then moves through a specific channel whilst the proton moves into tubule
- Proton then combines with proton to make carbonic acid
- Reacts with enzyme carbonic anhydrase on lumen membrane
§ Converts to CO2 and water
§ They then leave the tubule
- This bicarb also gets pushed into the blood stream (approx. 90%)
Obligatory Water Reabsorption
Water loves to move with sodium during secondary active transporters (obligatory water reabsorption)
- Sodium 65%
- Water 65%
Paracellular Transport
- Calcium, magnesium, potassium, Chloride move in between the cells through tight junctions
- Potassium 55%
- Chloride 50%
Sodium Chloride Sim Porter
- Transport protein allows
- Moves sodium and chloride into cell and then into the blood
- Chloride 50%
Lipids
- Pass through phospholipid bilayer and get straight into the blood stream
- Urea (only small amount)
Small Proteins
- Insulin and haemoglobin - aren't generally filtered that much
- Specific receptors on tubule lumen
- Gets caught on receptor
- Endocytose
- Combine inside cell with lysosomes - break down the proteins into amino acids in a vesicle
- Vesicle fuses with cell membrane - push amino acids into blood
PTH Channel
- Channel on luminal membrane wants to bring in sodium and phosphate ions into cell
- On basal side of cell there is a receptor for PTH
○ Binds to receptor
○ G stimulator protein
○ Actives adenylate cyclase (converts ATP to cyclic AMP)
○ Cyclic AMP turns into protein kinase A
- Protein kinase A then inhibits the sodium potassium transporter
This causes phosphate to be excreted
i was looking for a summary
thank you sm!
also a little correction osmolarity is no of solutes per litre and osmolality is no of solutes per kg
Great videos as usual...please continue doing such thing cause it’s helping thousands of students like me...thank u so much
+nour nannou i'm so happy that we were able to help you and we hope to help more and more people!
Ninja Nerd Lectures master science
@@NinjaNerdOfficial thank u alot for this great lecture
@@NinjaNerdOfficial bro can u please follow neet syllabus I love ur videos plzzz
Amazing stuff . He deserves a nobel prize
I can't explain what your work means to me, I just understand every single word you say, and I´m not nativ speaker, wow I´m amazed by your talent!
I just want to say thank you! I really need to see every process step by step to understand and thanks to you it’s been so much easier because my professors explain but I don’t understand any of this if I dont see how it works 😔
I already watched the respiratory playlist and thanks to you I got to understand every word my professor was explaining, by the way I got 78.5 on my test, I hope to get that same grade on this test or event more, thanks again
Your are best teacher than my physiology professor iam every day feel physiology very tough 😢 now your vedios very nice I can understand everything 😊 physiology and biochemistry also thank you ninja nerd 🙏👍
You deserve Nobel prize for teaching ,Thanks Zach !
Ninja neeerds ❤❤
I am an Internal medicine hospitalist. I am just amazed how wonderful these videos are. You have a natural ability to deliver complex concepts very well. Thank you!!
YOU ninga nerd CAN'T thank you enough ! Much love 🖤
Thank you zach. I'm binge watching these renal videos for my quiz. It has shaved a lot of time off reading.
THANK YOU SO MUCH I DON'T KNOW WHAT TO DO IN MY EXAMS WITHOUT YOUR VIDEOS
Best teacher ever.....i have never seen before...
Absolutely stellar description of PCT physiology; have never understood this any better than i do right now! Thanking you.
I love these videos! I am a vet student but still understand so much more about physiology because of you! Thank you!
after tons of lectures..i swear no one did it as clear as you did
wow
may God blee you
you are a life savior sir !
♡♡♡♡♡♡♡♡♡♡
Thank you. I'm watching your videos every day
Ahhh THANKYOU
Owe you a lot.
Thankyou for making these lectures free and available for everyone.♥️
Thank you so much zach .. you are helping me more than my med school proff can ever do . 😊.. keep going ..
Love that guy. He is such a miracle! He can explain even for dummies as me ^^ god bless him really!!
Amazing explanation. None of my teachers taught like you did. Keep making these videos. From India. 😊
MY MAN!!! I will follow you to the end of the earth for just a mere second of your lectures.
Best teacher ever
all best wishes from Egypt ❤️🇪🇬
hey zach i am shreya from india and first year homeopathy student ur vedioes rae really helpful
people can spend a lifetime watching 5mins ,10mins etc videos , or just watch our ninja's 30min video for one time and we rollin😎
Thank you Ninja nerd for saving my medical degree♥️
awesome work once again. so much chemical reactions in that segment that are the basis for physiology. it has solidified my understanding.
+Rey PersonalEmail That’s such great news! Glad to help!
How do you remember all of the terms and everything? I'm watching this right now
Love your channel! You literally saved my med school time
You are an honest and execellent lecturer. Thank you for reminding me the basics.
Thank you so much for your lectures. I’m studying for my physiology final exam and you make it fascinating, even hard topics get easier. Awesome job 🎉
No words can describe my joy. Thanks alot ninja nerd
Who liked before watching 😀
this is reallly wonderful video! i am so grateful to get it!
Great videos! I don't know what would I do without your videos :)
Are u med stu?
You're so good that I'm happy when I get ads so that I can support you
Bless your heart and soul!!! Congratulations! I love your passionate approach to conveying this fantastic information. You have really saved me!!! May you always be happy and well.
Thank you Dr, your explanations is too clear
Honestly this video is amazing . You make concepts so simple . Thanks for this
You are a life saver. Keep doing this good work and you will gain new heights every day. Many thanks
I LOVE YOU THIS IS SO BEAUTIFULLY EXPLAINED
Your lectures are so entertaining I prefer watching your vids over Netflix!
Stumbled upon your videos, maybe it was pure luck maybe it was fate but either way I couldn't be more thankful. You have been a god sent, an amazing surprise. Thank you so much, I really appreciate your videos.
😭thankyou soo much ! You are heaven to all medical students ♥️✨
It's Funny how I look at Lecturers teaching Knowing that there's Ninja Nerd......
Just thank you for these informations ❤❤
Awesome videos. Currently in first semester of CRNA school preparing for finals. You're awesome at re-iterating everything to really make it stick!
Are u med stu?
Thanks alot specially for pointing out - all substances secreted into the the tubules are via active transport... ❤
zero dislikes..this shows how much satisfied your viewers are....
anand singh thanks dude, you jinxed it
@@raliixaviero4674 anand probably disliked the vid
And now there are two dislikes lol stupid people
Your brain is fantastic; I wish I knew this as well as you. Thank you for making these videos; currently getting through med school.
You've literally become my alternative source of study.
You put a lot of passion in what you are doing. Respect !!
Urea is not lipid soluble, it is reabsorbed by passive transportation called solvent drag, where it is reabsorbed along with water. Besides that, these videos are really really helpful thank you for this
I just started a nephrology fellowship and this is super helpful. Who is this guy? Bravo!!!
Like the Fellowship of the Rings?
The dude makes it quick, easy and simple. Very efficient use of time.
@@PsychicPolygon Indeed!
We graduating med school with this one🔥🔥
Absolutely love, love all your videos!!! VEry good explanations and you make learning so fun and I can't wait to see your vidoes. Thankyou so much for making physiology easier to comprehend. Love you!
Are u med stu?
Amazing informative video as usual 👏 Many thanks for your time and effort 👌😊
unbelievable, the content is in so much detail!
thank you ninja nerd !! now I can understand my college books and be ready for my exams ❤❤❤
Thank you for recording this iconic lecture! ❤️helped alot.
Thank you so much for your videos, it was very helpful, educational, awesome explanation, continue doing such things, and remember you are helping thousands
This was just amazing. Thank you very much.
Thank you very much from Russia. I love your way of explanation. If one day you come to Moscow i would love to invite you for a drink :)
Everything is clearly explained. GOD Bless!!
best reference in the world😍😍😍❤
There is no way I got to the end of a NN video and didn't see Zach straight CHEEEEEEZING at the end of it, i'm devastated!
i am addicted to your video.....keep uploading
OMG this video certainly helps to understand the new SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors) drugs used in the treatment of diabetes (T2D), especially in understanding where these work in the renal system!!
Your videos made me a good doctor thanku sir god bless u ..
God bless you brother! youre doing many of us a great favor, thank u!
Goddd blesss you keep going we médical students need youu
Phenomenal lecture 👌 👏 🙌 Thank you so much ❤
Thank u soo much for awesome lectures as always, you are genuinely one of the few reasons I haven't yeeted myself out of med school(yet)😂
This video is amazing!!!!! Thanks for saving my semester!
I understood that PCT main function is resorption of molecules back into the bloodstream via microvilli/brush border, lysosomes, and secondary active co transports. However, in your drawing, is the PCT the square diagrams or the actual tube-like structure extending from the bowman's capsule?
+Johneisha Motley hello, the tube is just representing the lumen of the PCT and the squares are the simple cuboidal cells that line the PCT. hope that makes sense.
ohhhhhhhhhh I got it! PCT is lined with simple cuboidal epithelium. Makes sense! Thank you!
Ninja Nerd Science, I think there is a conceptual glitch between 13:49 till 15:41. You end up saying, 90% of the bicarbonate is reabsorbed into the blood. Yes, that's indeed right. 90% of Bicarbonate which is filtered in the glomerulus is actually reabsorbed from the filtrate into the cells and then into the circulation. Reabsorption is from the lumen,(from the filtrate, what was filtered by the nephron) to the circulation, right? If CO2 inside cell , produced by cellular respiration or by diffusion, from circulation into the cell , combines with water to form H2C03, which in turn breaks into H+ & HC03-, of which HCO3- is taken back into the circulation, H+ into the tubular lumen(tubular cell to circulation), How would this account to reabsorption, since the Bicarbonate initially filtered in the glomerulus doesn't move back into the circulation?
he also said that urea is fat-soluble.
It seems to be a net effect. Ultimately, the fact that CO2 enter cells creates a concentration gradient that favors the movement of hydrogen ions into the tubule. If this wasn't the case, the bicarbonate in the tubule would eventually be excreted. So, you are correct...it might not be the exact same molecule but ultimately the net effect is that 90% of the bicarbonate is reabsorbed. I could be wrong but that's how I have it mapped out in my mind. Let me know if that makes any sense!
Really I am enjoying your lectures 🙋