I had a left and right set up about 50 feet apart in the church. I use map to predict and saw all the cancellations and the flower petals. So we relocate them underneath the stage a half wave length apart My crossover frequency is 125 Hz I have two subs in the middle touching each other then I’ll spread the others to wavelength apart when I did the prediction again, it look like a gigantic pear. And the energy that the audience get now is amazing so I agree with all this that you’re trying to teach and I appreciate you thank you so much.😊
I've been using half the subs I used to use and getting the same or even more power thanks to these useful tips. Thanks for the great work and for the metric spreadsheet, very needed for my portuguese workflow. (feet here are only for wearing shoes :D)
This Saturday I tried the two subs next to each other spacing 151cm and it sounded awesome! (I used to do a left right setup and not think about it at all.) I have four passive speakers for which i used the matrix on my x32 as a crossover as well as a spare monitor as a front fill. The whole thing sounded incredibly clear and balanced and i got compliments on how it all sounded. You could tell the shape you modelled just by where people were standing in the room. Your videos have given me such a boost in the quality of my work that i now feel that i could actually charge more for doing these kinds of shows. Later on a dj played a set using my gear and he too was impressed by the sound, lowend and volume of it all (and he used the front fill as a monitor so i didnt have to do any on the fly patching.) I'm so grateful for your videos and how it helped me jump forward in knowledge and understanding. Thanks a lot !
There is literally nothing too nerdy or in the weeds for me. Please always elaborate! This has been an excellent intro to setting up smaller systems man!
This was so helpful, I am just setting up dual subs and ive realised that the cardioid option is the , one I should adopt , as I'm in a brewery and there is a row of tanks behind the stage area, I have built the subs inside two large rum barrels and was going to put them both on the same cradle after watching this they need to be on separate cradles to really increase my options, thank you for explaining things so clearly
Had a gig with the same subs I have now in the "traditional" LR setup and kept hearing/feeling the alleys/valleys and this video completely visualized what was happening. Going to be using a center cluster with them this next time around and I'm very much looking forward to my walk around, with and without people.
love the content. The spreadsheet shilling does get a little tiresome, but these videos are pure gold. I've probably learned more watching the videos you've made in the past week than I have about sound in months. I'm a 18 year old currently attending college while trying to get more into the event production game. Currently doing events with fraternities and the local area. I'm in charge of sound for our business, so learning more and more about the physics of sound and knowing more about speakers is super helpful.
Glad you're enjoying the videos! I'll have some more varied free resources coming soon. The spreadsheet is helpful to folks, but you're right that I mention it in a large percentage of my videos.
Great video. An additional option I use is to stack the two subs on the left side at our church where the drums and bass are located. Adds a bit of stage location to the sound in the room and when people think the the low end is too loud they can move to the right side 🙂 I happen to be using D & B Audiotechnik cardioid subs which greatly simplifies things greatly
@@MichaelCurtisAudio … so would I do this same center coupling with my two passive Yorkville LS1208 scoops because normally I would do the left & right set up with a qsc 15” on each one inside big ballrooms and it would sound pretty good to me I’ve never center coupled my big scoop’s before but I always couple my powered EV Etx’s and they always hit so much harder!
Thanks mate, a few videos ago (the one about column speakers one) I asked you which one would you prefer: one double driver sub or two single driver sub, as I was building a small PA. I followed you advise and ended up with two single driver subs. This video is gold for me, I will definitely experiment with the different configurations. Also thanks for the metric version of the spreadsheet!
I watched so many videos to find this answer that I was looking for. Thank you for making this. My question was: When should I use the phase change button (180 degrees). Tell me if I wrong but I believe the answer is: When using a Cardioid set up, but don't forget the delay. Thanks again.
Glad it was helpful! A slight tweak to your answer: cardioid sub setups is one use case for inverting the polarity of the sub. Other time you might use it is to make the phase response of the sub better marry up with a main. Those are the two main use cases.
Hi Michael, great video! Can you please consider doing one talking about portable column array speakers for portable dj's as well? Myself and many people I've seen online have doubts in relation to many aspects: they advertise a very good horizontal range like 120º, they almost always pack a small sub like 10, 12 inch (do those pump out enough spl?) and some systems like the maui 28 have built in processors for cardiod setups (would that help dj's), would they be good in a outside scenario. But also they advertise that they can be combined in pairs, so what distance from one another should they be? can we use a different sub with them? Hope you find the time!
Great video, thanks! Probably, aligning the rear sub more precisely in the inverted gradient array would yield to better results. Also, lowering its level a little bit might help
@@MichaelCurtisAudio thanks. I'm currently working on a design for a church where the subs can't be in front of the stage, so I'm considering putting them under it and use a cardioid array in conjunction with bass absorption and detailed dimension of this cavity they would be in. It's a hard one
@@Labaris Cardioid arrays unfortunately fall apart when under a stage. There's too many reflections for the careful conditions of cancellation to occur : /.
@@MichaelCurtisAudio I figured that was probably the case, that's why I was thinking about designing finely-tuned bass absorbers inside the cavity (the space under the stage). But really, it doesn't seem to be a good idea actually. Thank you for your insights!
i have 2 12s in my volvo station wagon. with the back seats down its like a tiny empty room. the bass was best with them both next to each other in the back left corner, instead of one in each corner. only a two foot movement made a big difference.
Thank your for your amazing explanations !!! I have a little question : is it possible to used 2* 15" Sub combined with 1 or 2* 18" Sub ?? I would love a video explaining the advantages and disadvantages =)
Hi Michael, I tried different inverted gradient stack configs in Ease Focus 3 and they all seemed to disagree with your delay calculations: They all ended up looking like a super cardiod pattern (in your video 16:43 as well there was a little blob projecting backwards). To mathematically investigate the issue I plotted the sinwewaves radiating from the subs in a math software. My result is that we have two options, a) to go for max summation in the front, or b) to go for max cancelation in tha back. a) is achieved by calculating the delay as described in your video (adding the horizontal driver displacement as a delay the bottom sub) b) is achieved by subtracting the horizontal driver's displacement from the half-cycle of the crossover frequency. In case of 100 Hz that would be 5ms minus the driver displacement in ms). Mathematically we can solve this set of equations for a and b to be true, so we have both max summaton in the front and max cancelation in the back. For this to work, both the horizontal driver displacement and the delay added to the bottom inverted sub have to be equivalent to a quater cycle (of the crossover frequency). For 100Hz that is 2.5ms (or about 86cm) displacement and delay. Thanks for your video!
So glad i just found you and subscribed, i've been running audio for many years but just with a simple point source system and some home made sub cabinets with a dbx driverack and passive amps (ALL CROWN MACRO K2 and XTI, but i have never really learned the intricate math behind why some shows work and some suck. i dunno if i can do much with just a basic driverack or learn more on how to position my stuff.
You can do plenty with the just the driverack! That unit is more gear towards aligning and tuning crossovers within a single enclosure, not necessarily a full rig, but it can work for that minus any serious output delay times.
Michael. So, as a low end sound guy, could you show what these positions would look like if I had 2 of the QSC cardioid subs… what do the power alleys etc look like if each sub is a self contained cardioid sub? I’ve always seen the dual 12” cardioid sub set L/R with the poles screwed into the sub and the top perched up there… it seems that this use might keep bass off the stage, but create the same alleys for the audience. So good for noise control on stage, but similar issues as single subs spaced L/R for the audience…is this correct. THANK YOU for this content, very educational!
so I have 2 Qsc k12.2 tops and 2 Qsc KS212C subs and i always place them left and right of my dj set up (1 top & 1 bottom) so is it better to put both of my tops on my left & right and both subs facing forward together/side by side in front of me?
I enjoyed this video, however, 1. I Wish you would have briefly shown the different frequencies with the last setup. 2. Whenever I've attempted to explain these concepts to any Mobile DJ or sound engineer at that level, I've received nothing but ridicule, ego, and insults on my intellect, and "it doesn't matter."
Half wavelength crossover center with JBL SRX828SP (dual 18). Assuming an 80hz crossover, lets call a half wavelength 7ft... where physically would I be measuring from on dual 18s, the center of the box? The boxes are 47.5" wide, so if placing 2 subs center-stage with 7-foot spacing from their centers, that would mean roughly 3-foot gaps between the left and right sub stacks is the max before the pattern starts to break apart, with an 80hz crossover. Am I on? Biggest thing I get hung up on with these spacing talks, is there's never mention on where to place the tape measure, especially with wide dual-18" subs.
Hey Michael, I think you were speaking to this at the end of the video referencing a 7th setup. But when you delay and flip polarity on the rear speaker in the cardioid setup, doesn't that mean your kick signal will be out of phase? Sure the peaks and troughs will line up, but you'll have a delay between transients on your rear and front sub. Isn't that a concern? or is it less of a concern than not getting the broadband rear cancellation as you mentioned when comparing to delaying the front sub with no polarity flip. Thanks for all your content! Super helpful.
Really helpful video, has given me pleanty of ideas for next gig. Just a quick question if I’m trying to utilise a inline gradient cardioid setup. How do I add delay to one of the subs. I’m pretty new to this so might seem like an obvious question 😂. But I’m using 2x Mackie 18s subs and 2 x thump 15a loudspeakers. Would it involve adding delay through a mixer ???
You would need some sort of DSP to do that. You could use the internal prossesing power of an digital mixing console (if that's what you're using) or an external DSP/Speaker management system (like the Behringer Ultradrive or a DBX DriveRack). If you habe any further questions, don't hesitate to ask, I or the rest of the comunity will try our best to answer... I hope this helps :)
Thanks, Evan! I'd say it would probably be the center side-by-side setup. With just two subs having them as closely coupled as possible gets the maximum possible SPL out of the rig. It also gives the widest coverage pattern, which is often needed in outdoor setups. If the stage doesn't have a hard front and the subs I have are efficient (not needing to drive them hard to get the desired SPL), then I'll do an inline gradient seutp.
Hey Michael, thanks as always! For the halfwave spaced setup: When you say "up to" the crossover frequency, do you mean by distance or frequency? For example, if my crossover is 80hz, is my spaced limit 7ft? Or can i space them more @ 11ft to boost 50hz?
For now I'm focusing on live setups, but a lot of these principles still transfer. I'd check out Jesco Lohan at Acoustics Insider for small room acoustics and speaker setups.
You are amazing I really appreciate all that you put out there. I'm trying to set up a inverted gradient stack. If your soundboard/subs don't have a built in delay, what kind of hardware would you use if software isn't an option?
One thing I've done in the past where L/R subs are inevitable is place them so that the main nulls are in the aisles. Still not ideal but better than nothing
Can you do a video about DJ Line array systems like the Bose L1 pro 16. Since the subs are part of the line array I usually put one on each side of my DJ booth which is only about 6-8 long. By doing this am I causing alleys on the dance floor? Should I put the two speakers in front of my close together and have them slanted out or will the high end speakers in the system cancel themselves out because they are too close?
In your case I would still put the two columns separate. I'd probably toe your speakers outward some more since the high frequency coverage is very wide. But I also understand you want as much of the energy to go to the dance floor and not other places in the room. With your subs about 6-8ft apart you are getting some narrowing of the low end coverage, for sure.
Hey Michael great video! One question though, at 13:54 you talk about delaying the rear speaker. My brain says delay the front speaker so the sound waves travel together. Could you explain this! Cheers from the UK!
Do you have any similar tutorials showing these graphs in a smaller indoor venue with wall/ceiling reflections being accounted for? Are the sound peaks/valleys in a left/right sub config really all that noticeable? For the vast majority of venues we play, it’s the most practical physical setup. Will a cardioid setup against a wall on one side sound all that much better?
the thing I wonder the most about sub setups is how much max spl for most of audience is lost for each setup compared to just putting the 2 together to get that full 6db increase because a lot of times I need to get The most max spl out of my RCF Dual 18”’s because I don’t have enough
Super helpful video Michael! But I had a question. I'm working with four subwoofers now, a dual 18 and two 18 inch single subs. I've been placing them in the middle at my events, will it have a similar effect to the two subs being coupled in the middle? I would love some advice about how to place these things for maximum output to the crowd! :)
Hi Michael, great video, just one quick question. I am a mobile DJ, do a lot of school dances, large gyms, I bring 2 Alto 18" subs, I used to put them LR but now I put them together on one side and I have 2 Alto 15" main speakers on top of them. Sound difference from when they were LR of my DJ table is way better. My question is since the students are usually right on top of my table asking for requests, i really cannot set them up cardioid so is this the best set up using the 2 18" subs and 2 15" mains, or should I consider some other arrangement for large gyms? Thanks for the info, I am a lifetime subscriber...
Love the content. The visuals are helpful and I probably need to brush up on my math. I'm in a room similar to your drawings. Our church meets in a 60'X90' room. We have two Subs and four k12.2. How would you place these for best coverage? Any thoughts on drive-racks?
I'd check out these videos for insight on best speaker coverage placement. Long story short, divide the audience in half and have each K12.2 fire down the middle of its own zone. Fly the speakers if you can. If not, get their trim height as high as possible. I'd do two flown center subs, inline gradient cardioid if possible: th-cam.com/video/OeaMtRvIysM/w-d-xo.html th-cam.com/video/pNkhxnFNUNU/w-d-xo.html And here's some affordable drive systems/DSPS to look at: www.thomannmusic.com/the_tracks_compressors_gates_de-esser.html
Thank you so much for your videos! Is there a way in this software that you use, or can you recommend other software, for plotting subwoofer effectiveness in the way that you do here but for inside environments? I.e. the addition of walls and how the reflection from them might cause another dimension of phase cancellation. Thanks again!!
I have watched this video a bunch of times. it is gold , thank you! I had a question. for the dual center, side by side Omni pattern and the half wavelength setups, do the same principles apply at a higher Crossover frequency. for example would this still apply for a 180hz cross over with FOH tops on each side of the room/stage and the subs in the middle? and would that cross over point (180hz) be too harsh? the cross over point is common on a popular Column array vendor kit. the cross over point is set at factory and can't be adjusted, but wonder if separating the tops from the subs and setting them up side by side would help focus the low end on the dance floor. thanks in advance. I've been going through your other videos, very cool stuff
Yes, same principles would apply! But do keep in mind that we want the same tonality everywhere. So, you could focus the sub on the dance floor, but you don't want folks standing away from the dance floor to only hear top end, then hear a big tonality change when they walk on the floor.
Again, great video. Love using the cardioid setup especially indoor. But. Does this consider ground coupling effect or is it for a system that’s flown?
In this model I didn't have the floor "turned on" as a boundary to have in the predictions. However, you'll still see similar results both with a flown and groundstacked inline cardioid setup.
I've been doing end fire cardioid almost always if I have two subs available... it gives even sound across audience and cleans up the stage and has very low setup and processing requirements. To do something more fancy one'd need thee or more subs and more processing :) I hate spaced pair subs that are very common...
Impressive! Question: if you only have 2 sub in a home theater 20’x30x20 (WLH) what would be the response if you put the subs diagonally? That is front right, back left.
Hi Michael! How do I align phase of side tops with center sub cluster? Should I just put measuring mic in the center of venue and align tops one by one?
What is the best space to a hard wall for a 2 Subwoofer Cardiod - inverted gradient stack? If they are both away from the wall, the best space is as close as possible. But How is the best space, if one is facing to the wall?
I'm not able to center cluster my two QSC KS118's (cardioid) because I have a video DJ booth. Is it OK if I put them on one side? My entire setup is no wider than 12 feet. Also, is it OK to cover the subs with a cloth covering to help conceal them?
Great tutorial thank you, i would like to ask, lately djs and performers prefer to have subs on stage for monitoring purposes, how does having subs on stage affect the cardiod behaviour setup of the FOH subs?
If working with rear ported bass reflex, how would you calculate using an inline gradient or a stacked gradient deployment? Generally, how would rear ported subs react as a whole in any configuration?
Thanks for the great info! I'm curious - indoors how much is the room likely to lessen the alleys & valleys effect with LR subs? An event I go to always sets them up like that! (Hopefully with this extra info I might be able in influence how they do things...)
Every room is going to behave a bit different, but I'd say in general it would raise the subwoofer rating up a "letter grade". So, if the low end was a C- with a LR sub rig outdoors, having it inside would raise it up to a B-. But, the tradeoff may not be worth it if the venue is super reverberant. All that being said, I prefer center sub setups (if the coverage and logisitcs make sense for that gig) inside OR outside.
Hi Michael! So...if the subs are placed up to one half the wavelength of the crossover point (I'm using 80 Hz), you're still able to avoid power alleys and valleys? I'm I getting that correct?
Two questions: - If you stack subs, is there any positive or negative impact (like more pressure in the chest, ... of the audience)? You did do a 2x2 monostack in your other video. - What if you do angle sub arrays/stacks towards a center point in the audience? :) I often see that in small clubs with L/R stacks. Thank you! :)
If you stack the subs you will slightly narrow the vertical coverage pattern, which could focus the low frequencies a bit more towards your audience. This affect is much greater with a larger stack of flown subs. Angling the subs if you're not doing a cardioid setup or working with a sub with built in cardioid directionality will not change the energy in the center. Low frequencies radiate out omnidirectionally from subs.
If the stage isn't too wide I'd say it's just fine. If you have a wide stage the low end can feel "lopsided" from an imaging standpoint. I'd test it out - try a LR vs a side stack and see which of the tradeoffs you would rather live with.
Why you don’t consider an ‘end fire’ setup in a situation like that? That’s by far the best config in terms of efficiency, phase response and alignment in the front while allows you to have some rejection in the rear.
End fire is definitely a great option to have in the toolbag. I actually deployed an endfire array just yesterday. The reason why I didn't include it here is that I rarely have the real estate necessary to do ground stacked end-fire arrays, so have to default to more compact solutions like gradient stack. Gradient configurations also have a more stable coverage pattern over frequency when compared to end fire.
Thanks for your video, it's very helpful and well explained. I have two 18" subs. I like the side by side center placement. However, I think it would be an eyesore to have both subs in the center of the stage. How about placing both subs to the right side of the stage instead? I'm aware that I would lose some energy on the left side. But I think that I can make up that difference with more overall gain to both subs. What do you think?
It honestly depends on how wide your stage is. If it's narrow, then you could get away with that. If it's wide it'd be too much of a discrepancy between left and right, so in that situation I'd opt for left and right subs.
@@MichaelCurtisAudio Thanks for your response. I'm trying to create a DJ Dance Hotspot (55' wide X 40' deep) in a 21K sq. ft. pavilion. So ya, it's huge! Here's a short video of the venue in case you want to take a look: th-cam.com/video/CRs0vwkmbhE/w-d-xo.html. I'm planning to place the subs below the 2' high stage, 4' in front of the Tops , about 30' apart. The Tops will be 10' high on the stage, tilted down 15 degrees. My Subs don't have the option to delay the signal, as far as I know (EV ELX 200 SP18), can this 4' difference between the Tops & subs cause an issue or can I get away with this? By the way, to make this more complicated, the venue has serious reverb issues (that's why I'm tilting the tops). Any suggestions are welcome. Again, thanks!
Question I have two rcf hd32's and two rcf 702's which i place in front of the stage Thinking of purchasing another 702 sub is it best to position a sub under the hd32 tops and a sub in the middle: 15 "subs are to big to carry
Hello, Michael! I have a strange situation: when I use aux fed subs, I have poor/low volume from my subs . This happens when kick drum is playing-subs are peaking but the sound is low. But when I play music from laptop, subs work loud and much better! Could you please help with your advice? What could it be? Thank you so much! Victor.
Hi Michael! I'm using 2 L'Acoustics SB28 and I wonder how do I space them for a third set up (half wavelength crossover center). Is it the same as you've said or there is another way to do it because each sub has 2 drivers in it?
I'm a bit of a dinosaur and have not mixed sound since the Mackie analog boards were popular. Our pastor found out I used to do this and asked if I could help figure out how to add more bottom end to their system. They have a JBL powered subwoofer, i believe its the PRX series either a 15 or 18. The sound booth is situated on the side of the auditorium which I know is far from optimal and the sub sits next to it. After watching your video my question is can one sub work ? I now know we need to move it to the front center but I don"t know if we can rig this to the ceiling. Our only other option would be on the stage center but from what I'm understanding this is not good? The room is not huge and its wider than it is long.
If you're not able to put it center, put it in front of your stage off to one side. Like you said, optimal would be to fly it center. Even better would be to fly two of them in the center and space them 5ft apart of so so you can narrow the coverage.
hey Michael thank's for this channel...pertaining to center in-line gradient cardiod set-up, is the connection coming from mono signal and daisy chain the other? or have a separate connection for each of this sub?
Great question. If the subs themselves have built in DSP (can do a polarity inversion, add delay), then you can run a mono signal to the first sub, then daisy chain. Then just apply the processing in the subs themselves. If the subs don't have any processing, you need to drive them separately and use an external DSP or your console output processing to apply the polarity inversion and delay to the rear sub.
You can do it side by side, but it'll change the directionality of the array. If you draw a straight line from the center of the woofer of the rear sub to the center of the woofer of the front sub that's the direction the sound will move.
I have 4 subs but none of them have built in DSPs. I am trying to find some sort of box for adding delay to the correct speakers so I can play around with cardioid setups but I can't find anything online. But this must exist, right? (And not cost $1,000)
Great tutorial as always! is there a way to improve subwoofer performance in very small and untreated rooms? I tried cardio in a small room but wasn´t very convinced by the result... any ideas? :) cheers
Small rooms are super tough even when you do have treatment. I know enough to be dangerous concerning small room/studio acoustics, but I would punt to Jesco Lohan at Acoustics Insider for a true expert opinion. Here is his channel - www.youtube.com/@AcousticsInsider
Let's say there is no stage and the band is playing on a concrete pad. Is it still best to do a center sub array if they don't mind seeing a sub or two in the center or is LR the best way to go to avoid looking awkward?
Michael @15:15 you said it was 2.17ft multiply by .88 gives you 1.909ms of delay but then your spreadheet you showed 2.17ms of delay...uh ? am i missing something ?
If I set my subs center either side by side or stacked and the stage is tall (about 5’) and has a brick wall holding up the stage, how does the hard surface behind the subs affect the sound?
Can any two subs be cardoid? Or does the sub have to be a specific type to be cardioid? Is it just an arrangement matter? Also, does the furthest rear sub have to be inverted and delayed? What if we don't invert nor delay it? Would it still kinda work
I've seen you mention the KW181s in other questions. I have a total of 6. Would it be better to do three stacks of two, or spread them in a single row across the front? Or, would it be better to do a 1/2 wavelength setup and space them all out the entire width of the stage, (which runs anywhere from 24'-32'. (I just acquired the third pair, and up to now have been just doing L-R stacked, but have felt I should be getting a lot more out of them).
It depends on your audience shape, but give this other video of mine a watch and see if it answers your question - th-cam.com/video/Q4ny703u-ks/w-d-xo.html Please report back if you have any other further clarifications!
New lessons... Subs in the middle and raise my tops higher. Thank you for this.
You are officially my sound tutor.
I had a left and right set up about 50 feet apart in the church. I use map to predict and saw all the cancellations and the flower petals. So we relocate them underneath the stage a half wave length apart My crossover frequency is 125 Hz I have two subs in the middle touching each other then I’ll spread the others to wavelength apart when I did the prediction again, it look like a gigantic pear. And the energy that the audience get now is amazing so I agree with all this that you’re trying to teach and I appreciate you thank you so much.😊
You're very welcome!
@@MichaelCurtisAudio I wish I can show you pictures of the way it came out.
@@noelbulls8628 My email address is on my website. Feel free to drop me a line there.
@@MichaelCurtisAudio ok thanks
I've been using half the subs I used to use and getting the same or even more power thanks to these useful tips. Thanks for the great work and for the metric spreadsheet, very needed for my portuguese workflow. (feet here are only for wearing shoes :D)
You are very welcome. And about time I got around to creating a metric version ; ) I'm glad that's been helpful to you.
This Saturday I tried the two subs next to each other spacing 151cm and it sounded awesome! (I used to do a left right setup and not think about it at all.) I have four passive speakers for which i used the matrix on my x32 as a crossover as well as a spare monitor as a front fill. The whole thing sounded incredibly clear and balanced and i got compliments on how it all sounded. You could tell the shape you modelled just by where people were standing in the room. Your videos have given me such a boost in the quality of my work that i now feel that i could actually charge more for doing these kinds of shows. Later on a dj played a set using my gear and he too was impressed by the sound, lowend and volume of it all (and he used the front fill as a monitor so i didnt have to do any on the fly patching.) I'm so grateful for your videos and how it helped me jump forward in knowledge and understanding. Thanks a lot !
There is literally nothing too nerdy or in the weeds for me. Please always elaborate! This has been an excellent intro to setting up smaller systems man!
You're very welcome!
This was so helpful, I am just setting up dual subs and ive realised that the cardioid option is the , one I should adopt , as I'm in a brewery and there is a row of tanks behind the stage area, I have built the subs inside two large rum barrels and was going to put them both on the same cradle after watching this they need to be on separate cradles to really increase my options, thank you for explaining things so clearly
Had a gig with the same subs I have now in the "traditional" LR setup and kept hearing/feeling the alleys/valleys and this video completely visualized what was happening. Going to be using a center cluster with them this next time around and I'm very much looking forward to my walk around, with and without people.
Let me know what you find!
love the content. The spreadsheet shilling does get a little tiresome, but these videos are pure gold. I've probably learned more watching the videos you've made in the past week than I have about sound in months. I'm a 18 year old currently attending college while trying to get more into the event production game. Currently doing events with fraternities and the local area. I'm in charge of sound for our business, so learning more and more about the physics of sound and knowing more about speakers is super helpful.
Glad you're enjoying the videos! I'll have some more varied free resources coming soon. The spreadsheet is helpful to folks, but you're right that I mention it in a large percentage of my videos.
@@MichaelCurtisAudio the spreadsheet is helpful, font listen to this fool
Great video. An additional option I use is to stack the two subs on the left side at our church where the drums and bass are located. Adds a bit of stage location to the sound in the room and when people think the the low end is too loud they can move to the right side 🙂 I happen to be using D & B Audiotechnik cardioid subs which greatly simplifies things greatly
Great idea. And yes, natively cardioid enclosures definitely help simplify things.
Somebody please get this guy a bottle of water. lol
Thanks - It shows that you can make big low-end improvements with the most basic setup, without buying more stuff.
Exactly! Even with just two subs you have a lot more control than you would think.
@@MichaelCurtisAudio … so would I do this same center coupling with my two passive Yorkville LS1208 scoops because normally I would do the left & right set up with a qsc 15” on each one inside big ballrooms and it would sound pretty good to me I’ve never center coupled my big scoop’s before but I always couple my powered EV Etx’s and they always hit so much harder!
I can't get enough of these videos
Thanks a ton, Nick!
Thanks mate, a few videos ago (the one about column speakers one) I asked you which one would you prefer: one double driver sub or two single driver sub, as I was building a small PA. I followed you advise and ended up with two single driver subs. This video is gold for me, I will definitely experiment with the different configurations. Also thanks for the metric version of the spreadsheet!
You're very welcome!
dude these are phenomenal tutorials thank you for making em!
Thank you so much for this tutorial. Wonderfully explained! It helps out greatly for the live shows!
I watched so many videos to find this answer that I was looking for. Thank you for making this. My question was: When should I use the phase change button (180 degrees). Tell me if I wrong but I believe the answer is: When using a Cardioid set up, but don't forget the delay. Thanks again.
Glad it was helpful! A slight tweak to your answer: cardioid sub setups is one use case for inverting the polarity of the sub.
Other time you might use it is to make the phase response of the sub better marry up with a main. Those are the two main use cases.
amazing clear explanation ... I'm going to apply this for sure
Love your content and the passion towards making your video 😊
Thank you so much!
Bro , i felt like i learn so much waw thank man keep up the great work killer video
Hi Michael, great video! Can you please consider doing one talking about portable column array speakers for portable dj's as well? Myself and many people I've seen online have doubts in relation to many aspects: they advertise a very good horizontal range like 120º, they almost always pack a small sub like 10, 12 inch (do those pump out enough spl?) and some systems like the maui 28 have built in processors for cardiod setups (would that help dj's), would they be good in a outside scenario. But also they advertise that they can be combined in pairs, so what distance from one another should they be? can we use a different sub with them?
Hope you find the time!
mobile DJ here. This is amazing. Super helpful.
You're welcome!
Great video sound advice no pun intended. Lol congratulations on the new borne
I'll take it : ) Thank you so much, he's about to turn 1 this weekend.
Great video, thanks! Probably, aligning the rear sub more precisely in the inverted gradient array would yield to better results. Also, lowering its level a little bit might help
Yes, always verify in the field since the wraparound path from the front sub to the rear will change depending on cabinet depth, etc.
@@MichaelCurtisAudio thanks. I'm currently working on a design for a church where the subs can't be in front of the stage, so I'm considering putting them under it and use a cardioid array in conjunction with bass absorption and detailed dimension of this cavity they would be in. It's a hard one
@@Labaris Cardioid arrays unfortunately fall apart when under a stage. There's too many reflections for the careful conditions of cancellation to occur : /.
@@MichaelCurtisAudio I figured that was probably the case, that's why I was thinking about designing finely-tuned bass absorbers inside the cavity (the space under the stage). But really, it doesn't seem to be a good idea actually. Thank you for your insights!
i have 2 12s in my volvo station wagon. with the back seats down its like a tiny empty room. the bass was best with them both next to each other in the back left corner, instead of one in each corner. only a two foot movement made a big difference.
Good stuff and well explained.
Thank you Brother, very helpful and great information, keep it up
Thank your for your amazing explanations !!! I have a little question : is it possible to used 2* 15" Sub combined with 1 or 2* 18" Sub ?? I would love a video explaining the advantages and disadvantages =)
I would like this answer too!! I’m in the exact same situation
Hi Michael, I tried different inverted gradient stack configs in Ease Focus 3 and they all seemed to disagree with your delay calculations: They all ended up looking like a super cardiod pattern (in your video 16:43 as well there was a little blob projecting backwards). To mathematically investigate the issue I plotted the sinwewaves radiating from the subs in a math software. My result is that we have two options, a) to go for max summation in the front, or b) to go for max cancelation in tha back. a) is achieved by calculating the delay as described in your video (adding the horizontal driver displacement as a delay the bottom sub) b) is achieved by subtracting the horizontal driver's displacement from the half-cycle of the crossover frequency. In case of 100 Hz that would be 5ms minus the driver displacement in ms). Mathematically we can solve this set of equations for a and b to be true, so we have both max summaton in the front and max cancelation in the back. For this to work, both the horizontal driver displacement and the delay added to the bottom inverted sub have to be equivalent to a quater cycle (of the crossover frequency). For 100Hz that is 2.5ms (or about 86cm) displacement and delay.
Thanks for your video!
So glad i just found you and subscribed, i've been running audio for many years but just with a simple point source system and some home made sub cabinets with a dbx driverack and passive amps (ALL CROWN MACRO K2 and XTI, but i have never really learned the intricate math behind why some shows work and some suck. i dunno if i can do much with just a basic driverack or learn more on how to position my stuff.
You can do plenty with the just the driverack! That unit is more gear towards aligning and tuning crossovers within a single enclosure, not necessarily a full rig, but it can work for that minus any serious output delay times.
Michael. So, as a low end sound guy, could you show what these positions would look like if I had 2 of the QSC cardioid subs… what do the power alleys etc look like if each sub is a self contained cardioid sub? I’ve always seen the dual 12” cardioid sub set L/R with the poles screwed into the sub and the top perched up there… it seems that this use might keep bass off the stage, but create the same alleys for the audience. So good for noise control on stage, but similar issues as single subs spaced L/R for the audience…is this correct. THANK YOU for this content, very educational!
Nice Content, very helpful 😊😊
thx for this very nice explanation!
cool channel bro :)) keep it coming!! thanks for everything :))
You got it!
so I have 2 Qsc k12.2 tops and 2 Qsc KS212C subs and i always place them left and right of my dj set up (1 top & 1 bottom) so is it better to put both of my tops on my left & right and both subs facing forward together/side by side in front of me?
I enjoyed this video, however, 1. I Wish you would have briefly shown the different frequencies with the last setup. 2. Whenever I've attempted to explain these concepts to any Mobile DJ or sound engineer at that level, I've received nothing but ridicule, ego, and insults on my intellect, and "it doesn't matter."
Great love it, have you done any test comparisons with folded horn configurations?
Half wavelength crossover center with JBL SRX828SP (dual 18). Assuming an 80hz crossover, lets call a half wavelength 7ft... where physically would I be measuring from on dual 18s, the center of the box?
The boxes are 47.5" wide, so if placing 2 subs center-stage with 7-foot spacing from their centers, that would mean roughly 3-foot gaps between the left and right sub stacks is the max before the pattern starts to break apart, with an 80hz crossover. Am I on?
Biggest thing I get hung up on with these spacing talks, is there's never mention on where to place the tape measure, especially with wide dual-18" subs.
Hey Michael, I think you were speaking to this at the end of the video referencing a 7th setup. But when you delay and flip polarity on the rear speaker in the cardioid setup, doesn't that mean your kick signal will be out of phase? Sure the peaks and troughs will line up, but you'll have a delay between transients on your rear and front sub. Isn't that a concern? or is it less of a concern than not getting the broadband rear cancellation as you mentioned when comparing to delaying the front sub with no polarity flip. Thanks for all your content! Super helpful.
Great Sub stuff!
Thank you!
Really helpful video, has given me pleanty of ideas for next gig. Just a quick question if I’m trying to utilise a inline gradient cardioid setup. How do I add delay to one of the subs. I’m pretty new to this so might seem like an obvious question 😂. But I’m using 2x Mackie 18s subs and 2 x thump 15a loudspeakers. Would it involve adding delay through a mixer ???
You would need some sort of DSP to do that. You could use the internal prossesing power of an digital mixing console (if that's what you're using) or an external DSP/Speaker management system (like the Behringer Ultradrive or a DBX DriveRack).
If you habe any further questions, don't hesitate to ask, I or the rest of the comunity will try our best to answer...
I hope this helps :)
This is fantastic! For your personal preference doing smaller shows (400-600 people outdoors) what is normally your go-to setup out of these 6?
Thanks, Evan! I'd say it would probably be the center side-by-side setup. With just two subs having them as closely coupled as possible gets the maximum possible SPL out of the rig. It also gives the widest coverage pattern, which is often needed in outdoor setups.
If the stage doesn't have a hard front and the subs I have are efficient (not needing to drive them hard to get the desired SPL), then I'll do an inline gradient seutp.
Hey Michael, thanks as always! For the halfwave spaced setup: When you say "up to" the crossover frequency, do you mean by distance or frequency? For example, if my crossover is 80hz, is my spaced limit 7ft? Or can i space them more @ 11ft to boost 50hz?
great info here.....valuable...👍👍
Thank you!
love the videos
I wish you could do some for domestic home Cinema subwoofer positions and EQ
For now I'm focusing on live setups, but a lot of these principles still transfer. I'd check out Jesco Lohan at Acoustics Insider for small room acoustics and speaker setups.
@@MichaelCurtisAudio I had hoped that was the case so its good to know the videos will translate to a domestic setup 😀
Thanks a lot Michael.
I wanna know if its possible to have two different xover points for the rear sub and the front facing sub
You are amazing I really appreciate all that you put out there. I'm trying to set up a inverted gradient stack. If your soundboard/subs don't have a built in delay, what kind of hardware would you use if software isn't an option?
Thank you for the kind words, Jefferey!
I'd check out the AHM-16 from Allen & Heath.
One thing I've done in the past where L/R subs are inevitable is place them so that the main nulls are in the aisles. Still not ideal but better than nothing
Yup, great point! Put the rough stuff where no one's sitting.
Can you do a video about DJ Line array systems like the Bose L1 pro 16. Since the subs are part of the line array I usually put one on each side of my DJ booth which is only about 6-8 long. By doing this am I causing alleys on the dance floor? Should I put the two speakers in front of my close together and have them slanted out or will the high end speakers in the system cancel themselves out because they are too close?
In your case I would still put the two columns separate. I'd probably toe your speakers outward some more since the high frequency coverage is very wide. But I also understand you want as much of the energy to go to the dance floor and not other places in the room.
With your subs about 6-8ft apart you are getting some narrowing of the low end coverage, for sure.
Hey Michael great video! One question though, at 13:54 you talk about delaying the rear speaker. My brain says delay the front speaker so the sound waves travel together.
Could you explain this!
Cheers from the UK!
Do you have any similar tutorials showing these graphs in a smaller indoor venue with wall/ceiling reflections being accounted for? Are the sound peaks/valleys in a left/right sub config really all that noticeable? For the vast majority of venues we play, it’s the most practical physical setup. Will a cardioid setup against a wall on one side sound all that much better?
the thing I wonder the most about sub setups is how much max spl for most of audience is lost for each setup compared to just putting the 2 together to get that full 6db increase because a lot of times I need to get The most max spl out of my RCF Dual 18”’s because I don’t have enough
Super helpful video Michael! But I had a question. I'm working with four subwoofers now, a dual 18 and two 18 inch single subs. I've been placing them in the middle at my events, will it have a similar effect to the two subs being coupled in the middle? I would love some advice about how to place these things for maximum output to the crowd! :)
Hi Michael, great video, just one quick question. I am a mobile DJ, do a lot of school dances, large gyms, I bring 2 Alto 18" subs, I used to put them LR but now I put them together on one side and I have 2 Alto 15" main speakers on top of them. Sound difference from when they were LR of my DJ table is way better. My question is since the students are usually right on top of my table asking for requests, i really cannot set them up cardioid so is this the best set up using the 2 18" subs and 2 15" mains, or should I consider some other arrangement for large gyms? Thanks for the info, I am a lifetime subscriber...
Love the content. The visuals are helpful and I probably need to brush up on my math. I'm in a room similar to your drawings. Our church meets in a 60'X90' room. We have two Subs and four k12.2. How would you place these for best coverage? Any thoughts on drive-racks?
I'd check out these videos for insight on best speaker coverage placement. Long story short, divide the audience in half and have each K12.2 fire down the middle of its own zone. Fly the speakers if you can. If not, get their trim height as high as possible. I'd do two flown center subs, inline gradient cardioid if possible:
th-cam.com/video/OeaMtRvIysM/w-d-xo.html
th-cam.com/video/pNkhxnFNUNU/w-d-xo.html
And here's some affordable drive systems/DSPS to look at: www.thomannmusic.com/the_tracks_compressors_gates_de-esser.html
Thank you so much for your videos! Is there a way in this software that you use, or can you recommend other software, for plotting subwoofer effectiveness in the way that you do here but for inside environments? I.e. the addition of walls and how the reflection from them might cause another dimension of phase cancellation. Thanks again!!
There's the full version of EASE, but it's pretty expensive.
I have watched this video a bunch of times. it is gold , thank you!
I had a question. for the dual center, side by side Omni pattern and the half wavelength setups, do the same principles apply at a higher Crossover frequency. for example would this still apply for a 180hz cross over with FOH tops on each side of the room/stage and the subs in the middle? and would that cross over point (180hz) be too harsh? the cross over point is common on a popular Column array vendor kit. the cross over point is set at factory and can't be adjusted, but wonder if separating the tops from the subs and setting them up side by side would help focus the low end on the dance floor. thanks in advance. I've been going through your other videos, very cool stuff
Yes, same principles would apply! But do keep in mind that we want the same tonality everywhere. So, you could focus the sub on the dance floor, but you don't want folks standing away from the dance floor to only hear top end, then hear a big tonality change when they walk on the floor.
@@MichaelCurtisAudio thank you, that make sense.
Again, great video. Love using the cardioid setup especially indoor. But. Does this consider ground coupling effect or is it for a system that’s flown?
In this model I didn't have the floor "turned on" as a boundary to have in the predictions. However, you'll still see similar results both with a flown and groundstacked inline cardioid setup.
I've been doing end fire cardioid almost always if I have two subs available... it gives even sound across audience and cleans up the stage and has very low setup and processing requirements.
To do something more fancy one'd need thee or more subs and more processing :)
I hate spaced pair subs that are very common...
Man I Love your content. Just wondering do you have a video for B22 subwoofer Cardiod setup? Thank you God bless
Thank you! Is the B22 a specific model or type of cardioid setup?
@@MichaelCurtisAudio we have a D&B B22 Bandpass subs at church and I'm planning setup like a cardiod setup. Is it possible?
It will be amazing if u can have guide for small room listening room for multisubs
nice clip man! Tx! Looking to aply this info in my mobile Dj setup. tx!
Wow great, thanks!
Thank you so much!
Impressive! Question: if you only have 2 sub in a home theater 20’x30x20 (WLH) what would be the response if you put the subs diagonally? That is front right, back left.
You would get some serious power alleys and valleys with them being spread so far apart.
Hi Michael! How do I align phase of side tops with center sub cluster? Should I just put measuring mic in the center of venue and align tops one by one?
That's a Sensitive mike 5:40 🤫
What is the best space to a hard wall for a 2 Subwoofer Cardiod - inverted gradient stack? If they are both away from the wall, the best space is as close as possible. But How is the best space, if one is facing to the wall?
How about indoor backed up against the wall 2 sub left right 20 feet apart? Most DJs like me have to put the speakers near the wall...
I'm not able to center cluster my two QSC KS118's (cardioid) because I have a video DJ booth. Is it OK if I put them on one side? My entire setup is no wider than 12 feet. Also, is it OK to cover the subs with a cloth covering to help conceal them?
Great tutorial thank you, i would like to ask, lately djs and performers prefer to have subs on stage for monitoring purposes, how does having subs on stage affect the cardiod behaviour setup of the FOH subs?
As long as there's no other boundaries close to the subs besides the stage floor I don't see a problem with it.
If working with rear ported bass reflex, how would you calculate using an inline gradient or a stacked gradient deployment? Generally, how would rear ported subs react as a whole in any configuration?
Thanks for the great info! I'm curious - indoors how much is the room likely to lessen the alleys & valleys effect with LR subs? An event I go to always sets them up like that! (Hopefully with this extra info I might be able in influence how they do things...)
Every room is going to behave a bit different, but I'd say in general it would raise the subwoofer rating up a "letter grade". So, if the low end was a C- with a LR sub rig outdoors, having it inside would raise it up to a B-. But, the tradeoff may not be worth it if the venue is super reverberant.
All that being said, I prefer center sub setups (if the coverage and logisitcs make sense for that gig) inside OR outside.
Hi Michael! So...if the subs are placed up to one half the wavelength of the crossover point (I'm using 80 Hz), you're still able to avoid power alleys and valleys? I'm I getting that correct?
How’d you get the playlist pill button in your description, if you don’t mind me asking? Just text link and youtube converts it? Thanks
I copied and pasted it from another youtube channel that has the pill and I keep it in a code block in Notion where I type out my TH-cam descriptions.
@@MichaelCurtisAudio Nice. Thanks for the tip and explanation of cardioid subs.
Thank you very much!
You got it!
Two questions:
- If you stack subs, is there any positive or negative impact (like more pressure in the chest, ... of the audience)? You did do a 2x2 monostack in your other video.
- What if you do angle sub arrays/stacks towards a center point in the audience? :) I often see that in small clubs with L/R stacks.
Thank you! :)
If you stack the subs you will slightly narrow the vertical coverage pattern, which could focus the low frequencies a bit more towards your audience. This affect is much greater with a larger stack of flown subs.
Angling the subs if you're not doing a cardioid setup or working with a sub with built in cardioid directionality will not change the energy in the center. Low frequencies radiate out omnidirectionally from subs.
Michael is it ok to run a cluster for FOH in a small venue from one side of the stage
If the stage isn't too wide I'd say it's just fine. If you have a wide stage the low end can feel "lopsided" from an imaging standpoint. I'd test it out - try a LR vs a side stack and see which of the tradeoffs you would rather live with.
Ok will do
Michael is ok to run sub on one side on a stage in a real small church
Why you don’t consider an ‘end fire’ setup in a situation like that? That’s by far the best config in terms of efficiency, phase response and alignment in the front while allows you to have some rejection in the rear.
End fire is definitely a great option to have in the toolbag. I actually deployed an endfire array just yesterday.
The reason why I didn't include it here is that I rarely have the real estate necessary to do ground stacked end-fire arrays, so have to default to more compact solutions like gradient stack. Gradient configurations also have a more stable coverage pattern over frequency when compared to end fire.
Thanks for your video, it's very helpful and well explained. I have two 18" subs. I like the side by side center placement. However, I think it would be an eyesore to have both subs in the center of the stage. How about placing both subs to the right side of the stage instead? I'm aware that I would lose some energy on the left side. But I think that I can make up that difference with more overall gain to both subs. What do you think?
It honestly depends on how wide your stage is. If it's narrow, then you could get away with that. If it's wide it'd be too much of a discrepancy between left and right, so in that situation I'd opt for left and right subs.
@@MichaelCurtisAudio Thanks for your response. I'm trying to create a DJ Dance Hotspot (55' wide X 40' deep) in a 21K sq. ft. pavilion. So ya, it's huge! Here's a short video of the venue in case you want to take a look: th-cam.com/video/CRs0vwkmbhE/w-d-xo.html. I'm planning to place the subs below the 2' high stage, 4' in front of the Tops , about 30' apart. The Tops will be 10' high on the stage, tilted down 15 degrees. My Subs don't have the option to delay the signal, as far as I know (EV ELX 200 SP18), can this 4' difference between the Tops & subs cause an issue or can I get away with this? By the way, to make this more complicated, the venue has serious reverb issues (that's why I'm tilting the tops). Any suggestions are welcome. Again, thanks!
Question I have two rcf hd32's and two rcf 702's which i place in front of the stage Thinking of purchasing another 702 sub is it best to position a sub under the hd32 tops and a sub in the middle:
15 "subs are to big to carry
Great video. Would you consider a dual sub (2 subs in one box) the same as the side by side configuration?
There's probably some slight differences, but I'd say you can expect much of the same behavior.
Hello, Michael! I have a strange situation: when I use aux fed subs, I have poor/low volume from my subs . This happens when kick drum is playing-subs are peaking but the sound is low. But when I play music from laptop, subs work loud and much better! Could you please help with your advice? What could it be? Thank you so much! Victor.
How would it work with different sub boxes, two inverted 18" and two front loading 18"?
Hi Michael! I'm using 2 L'Acoustics SB28 and I wonder how do I space them for a third set up (half wavelength crossover center). Is it the same as you've said or there is another way to do it because each sub has 2 drivers in it?
I'm a bit of a dinosaur and have not mixed sound since the Mackie analog boards were popular. Our pastor found out I used to do this and asked if I could help figure out how to add more bottom end to their system. They have a JBL powered subwoofer, i believe its the PRX series either a 15 or 18. The sound booth is situated on the side of the auditorium which I know is far from optimal and the sub sits next to it. After watching your video my question is can one sub work ? I now know we need to move it to the front center but I don"t know if we can rig this to the ceiling. Our only other option would be on the stage center but from what I'm understanding this is not good? The room is not huge and its wider than it is long.
If you're not able to put it center, put it in front of your stage off to one side. Like you said, optimal would be to fly it center. Even better would be to fly two of them in the center and space them 5ft apart of so so you can narrow the coverage.
@@MichaelCurtisAudio Thanks Michael!
hey Michael thank's for this channel...pertaining to center in-line gradient cardiod set-up, is the connection coming from mono signal and daisy chain the other? or have a separate connection for each of this sub?
Great question. If the subs themselves have built in DSP (can do a polarity inversion, add delay), then you can run a mono signal to the first sub, then daisy chain. Then just apply the processing in the subs themselves.
If the subs don't have any processing, you need to drive them separately and use an external DSP or your console output processing to apply the polarity inversion and delay to the rear sub.
@@MichaelCurtisAudio thank you and appreciate your answer, we have an active sub with built in DSP...excited to try this on sunday at church. 😃
Thanks Michael - Can you do inverted gradient side by side? Or must it stack?
You can do it side by side, but it'll change the directionality of the array. If you draw a straight line from the center of the woofer of the rear sub to the center of the woofer of the front sub that's the direction the sound will move.
I have 4 subs but none of them have built in DSPs. I am trying to find some sort of box for adding delay to the correct speakers so I can play around with cardioid setups but I can't find anything online. But this must exist, right? (And not cost $1,000)
Hey Michael, do you know a brand called wharfedale pro? Any chance you could do a video or review on thier delta range of pro speakers?
I have 2 JBL VRX918SP, can I achieve this inline gradient with a DBX driverack PA+ ?
Great tutorial as always!
is there a way to improve subwoofer performance in very small and untreated rooms?
I tried cardio in a small room but wasn´t very convinced by the result...
any ideas? :)
cheers
Small rooms are super tough even when you do have treatment. I know enough to be dangerous concerning small room/studio acoustics, but I would punt to Jesco Lohan at Acoustics Insider for a true expert opinion.
Here is his channel - www.youtube.com/@AcousticsInsider
Thank you for the fast response!
i will have look. :)
Let's say there is no stage and the band is playing on a concrete pad. Is it still best to do a center sub array if they don't mind seeing a sub or two in the center or is LR the best way to go to avoid looking awkward?
How does inverted gradient side by side perform in comparison to stacked?
Don’t mean to spam but is there any reason to do this for home theater if you want to excite less room modes at say 52hz?
Michael @15:15 you said it was 2.17ft multiply by .88 gives you 1.909ms of delay but then your spreadheet you showed 2.17ms of delay...uh ? am i missing something ?
If I set my subs center either side by side or stacked and the stage is tall (about 5’) and has a brick wall holding up the stage, how does the hard surface behind the subs affect the sound?
Been trying to
download your spreadsheet but to no avail.
I emailed you a new link. Try that and let me know.
If I put 4 single 18" subwoofers in the center at a distance of 1.5 m or 2 m between them, will they connect?
Can any two subs be cardoid? Or does the sub have to be a specific type to be cardioid? Is it just an arrangement matter? Also, does the furthest rear sub have to be inverted and delayed? What if we don't invert nor delay it? Would it still kinda work
I've seen you mention the KW181s in other questions. I have a total of 6. Would it be better to do three stacks of two, or spread them in a single row across the front? Or, would it be better to do a 1/2 wavelength setup and space them all out the entire width of the stage, (which runs anywhere from 24'-32'. (I just acquired the third pair, and up to now have been just doing L-R stacked, but have felt I should be getting a lot more out of them).
It depends on your audience shape, but give this other video of mine a watch and see if it answers your question - th-cam.com/video/Q4ny703u-ks/w-d-xo.html
Please report back if you have any other further clarifications!