The SCIENCE Behind MUSIC THEORY
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 30 มิ.ย. 2024
- Do you want to know more about the science behind music? It may not make you a better musician, but you may find it incredibly fascinating to learn more about how sound and music work on a scientific level!
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Correction: the A string of a guitar is 110 Hz, not 220 Hz like I say in the video. The error was that I mistakenly remembered that the A below middle C to be 440 Hz, when in reality it is the A ABOVE Middle C that is 440Hz. The explanation that follows is not affected by that mistake, just divide all numbers by 2 ;-)
ach... you didn't leave us nerds the time to correct you!🙂
I wish. Two people noticed that before me. One even unsubscribed because of this LOLOL.
@@MusicTheoryForGuitar the fact that the guitar is a transposed instrument confuses the matter all the more.
I love how Tomaso looks over his shoulder to see if we are paying attention .😅
... or if the camera got bored out if its mind and stopped working ;-)
Correction: The open A string is 110 hz. 12th fret, 220. 24th fret (0r corresponding harmonic) is 440hz.
440 is at the 5th fret harmonic of the A (5th) string.
That's correct. If I said something different, I misspoked.
@@MusicTheoryForGuitar you done said it and wrote it on the board. :)
@@jamclass So I misspoke and "misswrote" it :-) (How hilarious would have been if I said and wrote two different things?). The pinned comment explains why I got that wrong.
@@MusicTheoryForGuitar that would’ve been pretty hilarious. Seeing as you’re not speaking your native tongue here in these videos, all will be forgiven.
7:18 "if youre playing the violin or a **Cello**"
That was the most italian thing i've heard this year
"Violoncello" would have beaten it🙂
One theory for why we evolved to perceive octaves as the same note is that we need to recognise typical male and female voices as saying the same thing. While songbirds apparently don't recognise the same tune transposed to a different key!
Interesting!
Wow! That was very interesting. Thanks for taking the time.
I LOVE this guy!
I believe that the perception of octaves and the classification of various components of a sound into a cohesive whole are related to how human signal "processing" has evolved.
I have read literature by Ernst Terhardt from the Technical University of Munich, who conducted research on this topic. The key concept here is how virtual fundamentals are created in our perception, even when significant parts of the spectrum, including the fundamental tone, are missing. This phenomenon is also a crucial basis for the perception of musical consonance as a whole, as Terhardt writes.
Overtones might be assigned to a single signal source based on a sort of harmonic "template," which was likely essential for survival, rather than perceiving these overtones as separate, independent events. (Of course, one could argue that noise sources are also perceived as one event.)
Using technical means such as narrow-band filters, we can highlight overtones for our perception. However, without such separation, we quickly revert to perceiving them merely as part of a single source timbre.
3:12 (slightly off topic) This also works for your eyes, as well. Benham's Disk is drawn in black and white, but if you spin it fast enough, you see colors, because you're seeing them change at the rate which also equals the frequency of red, blue, green light. [ th-cam.com/video/9_0Z4Bi3JQo/w-d-xo.html ]
7:36 The height of the nth wave should be 1/n^2. Then the resulting wave is a "triangular wave."
8:40 And (if I'm recalling the mathematics correctly), in order to get the original sound, you don't add up waves, but integrate the spectrum. (In math terms, the spectrum is continuous, the Fourier series is discrete.)
12:36 Would Martians have a different Music Theory? (Discuss.)
12:56 A consequence of this way of perceiving notes is that you can create compositions which sound like they are always increasing in pitch, but which are actually periodic. This is known as the Shepherd-Risset Effect. [ th-cam.com/video/MShclPy4Kvc/w-d-xo.html ] Rhythm also seems to work this way. [ th-cam.com/video/bdwpdAyR3yk/w-d-xo.html ]
16:19 and 18:50 You can of course compose using the "exact" values of the ratios. For instance, "The Well-Tuned Piano" by La Monte Young. [ th-cam.com/video/cKkQp-iR_40/w-d-xo.html ] It sounds like the piano is out of tune (because it's not how we've "grown up", but gradually, nuances come through.
This also leads to "impossible" music. [ th-cam.com/video/TYhPAbsIqA8/w-d-xo.html ]
I’m just about a quarter of the way into the episode where you talk about striking a snare drum as striking anon tune instruments… With a non-periodic sound. I would love to hear more about the function of drums. Certainly they can be tuned and in the past, I believe people have tunes the drum kit, to a certain chord or scale.
But for the purpose of this question… I’m just learning about the nature of it… I guess it’s it is non-periodic because it’s basically the one hit and the decay of that single note… But I do imagine there must be some waveform associated with it.
Some drums - for instance: timpani - have a strong fundamental frequency, and so you can tune them to a specific pitch (but the harmonic are all over the place, and there's plenty of non-harmonic content). Some other drums - say: crash cymbals - do not have a strong fundamental, so they are not perceived as "tuned".
@@MusicTheoryForGuitar Cool, thanks!
Im guessing harmonic series. Let's go! 😄😄😄
"There's nothing in the math that says your have to perceive [octaves] this way" Well, there kinda is, in the same way that there is for other intervals: octaves are the most simple mathematic relationship of the related note frequencies (doubling/halving). Considering that the whole "intervals sounding nice" like 5ths and such is based on "which two note frequencies have simple ratios", it makes sense that frequencies with the simplest ratio other than 1:1, namely 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and so on, would have some musical property.
But if there was something in the math, then that would apply in other cases, i.e. colors. But we don't perceive colors in octaves. Also, it does not explain why only 1:2 is perceived as "octave", while 1:3 and 1:5 are something different. Finally, why frequency, of all variables, and not something else?
@@MusicTheoryForGuitarit may have something to do with our biology. I guess it's the same reason why we have perfect 'color' perception but not 'perfect pitch'
Yes, it's definitely in the biology. Which means it's not in the math.
@@MusicTheoryForGuitar yeah, I've just finished the video and you explained it in detail. Silly of me! Very well done video, I truly appreciate it.
Sounds good, but there's more. It's well known that most animals perceive pitch logarithmically. The cochleas in your ears are logarithmic spirals. If the logarithmic pitch interval between a tone and the same tone one octave higher is normalized to 1, then the logarithmic interval between tonic and dominant is log2(3/2). This is a few cents off from 7/12. I would bet that this is why most music uses 12 semitones per octave and the dominant is 7 semitones above the tonic. I don't KNOW that, mind you, but it seems like an awfully good guess.
Well, yes - and that works with all the other intervals too.
waow i feel like i just got a phd in music
PhD in physics. I love it. No wonder I learn so much from you. My PhD brain thinks like yours.
Tomaso dis is ma 2nd time telling u dat..pliz make a video on how to use extended chords properly..pliz make it pliz..
What would you like to see in that video?
An oscope would have been very helpful for this video.
Wish I could afford one!
@@MusicTheoryForGuitar Wish I'd have kept mine. This was great video.
Something I found out is traditional math and appyling that to music composition, they don`t really line up neatly. Music has it`s own mathimatical logic.
I’m watching this, and I’m like open A is actually 110Hz. And I feel like such a geek for knowing that and feeling required to point it out in a TH-cam comment. LOL!
... but not enough of a geek to check the pinned comment? ;-)) LOLOL just joking...
@@MusicTheoryForGuitar Nope... looks like you caught me. 😀
:-))
Don't see any difference between the brains recognition that an octave are related somehow and any other notes in a scale are related somehow. An octave sounds like an octave, a P5 sounds like a P5, same thing is going on.
Sure, but an octave is a very special interval. It's not a coincidence we use the same name for notes that are one octave apart.
Wow mind blowing video..I also have one question..totally unrelated to this video lol..'I don't have a lot of jam buddies near me..I have heard a lot that you can't meaningfully improve without jamming (improving rhythm , improv etc etc) So i was thinking to not learn all those techniques and stuff of guitar and and just focus on ear traning and using that instrument to work on eartranining , like method you suggested in your video like playing a a chord and humming etc' Is this a good idea to just do this for a year?
No, there's no exercise that would work in isolation. You should never think "I will do only this for a year". Instead you should practice several (relevant) skills at the same time. There is no silver bullet. At the same time, you CAN improve a lot WITHOUT jamming with others.
@@MusicTheoryForGuitar Wait What really? But how can one meaningfully improve? rhythm , feedback etc etc please make a video on this i am sure that there are many bedroom guitarist out there.. Why don't you start your discord server? Also i was not taking about working in isolation i was talking about playing two chords and humming (had just watched a bits of ear training video that you have uploaded here and there) Please do make a dedicated course or video on ear training.. I Really appreciate the help. Thanks
@MusicTheoryForGuitar Wait What really? But how can one meaningfully improve? rhythm , feedback etc etc please make a video on this i am sure that there are many bedroom guitarist out there.. Why don't you start your discord server? Also i was not taking about working in isolation i was talking about playing two chords and humming (had just watched a bits of ear training video that you have uploaded here and there) Please do make a dedicated course or video on ear training.. I Really appreciate the help. Thanks
A GREAT dedicated course on ear training is here: eartrainingforguitar.com/complete-ear-mastery-course It's not mine, but I do recommend it.
Lost a subscriber. 440Hz is the A above middle C on the piano, it's the 10th fret 2nd string on guitar. Guitar is written an octave above its sound. How does a guitar player not know that?
This guitar player does know that guitar is written an octave above the sound, but mistakenly remembered that 440Hz was A BELOW middle C rather than above. As for losing subscribers... well, any nitpicker I lose now, is a nitpicker less to deal with next week ;-)
I thought the first question was about overtones of a single note but I guess I’m wrong.
Why would you be wrong?
Nice lecture, but did you ask Jacob Collier?
For what?
Lol! The science of music theory. More important is the biology of music
Perception of music requires biology and the creation of sound requires physics. I think they’re equally important.