Fawad, I'm an undergraduate trying to propose a scale development study for my senior thesis. Thank you so much. WIth no prior teaching on this, I was able to understand very easily with an undergraduate level of statistics knowledge. You made so many of the papers I'm using for research comprehensible. You are doing great work and I am very grateful. Resources like this are so helpful. Thank you thank you thank you
Dear Fawad, thank you very much for all your videos here on TH-cam. They have made a significant difference for me as I am a practitioner who has decided to embark on his journey of research without any prior background in science. Without your videos, I would have been lost. Thanks again and keep up the great work. Greetings from Switzerland!
sir hats off to u...doing a great job.....all videos are worth watching as it has simple to understand material...thank you ..best wishes from punjab (amritsar)
Excellent explanations and demonstration. It is really helpful. I will share the link that you provided with my students to get a better understanding.
Thanks for watching. Here is the reference Latif, K. F. (2018). The development and validation of stakeholder-based scale for measuring university social responsibility (USR). Social indicators research, 140(2), 511-547.
@@researchwithfawad Thanks so much, Dr. Fawad. I really appreciate your help. But, please I have another request, a question actually: Please after EFA, must I perform a CFA before using the factors in my SPSS analysis. In this case, no theories are involved. Again. thanks for your help.
Very informative video on EFA. Sir you made each and every concepts crystal clear. Thank you Sir I have one query Here you have framed single dimensional statements. How to run EFA when there are multidimensional statement?
Many thanks Fawad. -1- What is your hypothesize factor in this your video, as I see some use 0.3, and 0.4(Spence et al 2001, The structure of anxiety symptoms among preschoolers, Behav Res Ther. 2001; 39(11):1293-316) -2- In this Spence et al, on Page 1298, what does this statement mean '' Of the 28 items, 26 had a loading in excess of 0.40 on their hypothesize d factor''. -3- What is the ideal hypothesis factor 0.3, or 0.4, or 0.5? -4- In this same paper, on Table 2, what is the meaning of the number in bracket of the factor loading means & how do I locate such in this your video? -4- In reporting EFA, are we allowed to write out the Initial Eigenvalue % of Variance together with each factor Eigenvalue, Example Factor 1: (Eigenvalue 5.94; 24.718%)
The statement "Of the 28 items, 26 had a loading in excess of 0.40 on their hypothesize d factor" means that the factor loading for the items was over the minimum 0.40 on the expected factor. Preferred minimum loading is 0.50 Just report factor and their eigenvalue after removing the items that do not load well.
Great video, just need a bit more clarity on the sample size though. Given that you have 19 items/observed variables in this demo , I would presume (based on the rule of thumb described here), that you had anywhere around 19*4 or 5 sample size for this video, which is quite large for a pilot study or questionnaire validation. Would greatly appreciate if you could clarify this bit, thanks!
Thanks for watching. That will have to be done manually. You can put in the loadings values into the calculate available on the website (Under Excel Sheet). researchwithfawad.com/index.php/download-research-resources/
Thanks. I am glad you liked it. No it is not wrong, when you say significant, do you mean eigenvalue over 1. Are there any items loading onto factors that they should not? Check and remove the items, also if you are using an already validated scale, no need for EFA.
@@researchwithfawad I am using validated scales for each construct, but do I need to check again since its all put together? and yes I meant eigenvalue
Thanks for letting me know. Please check this link researchwithfawad.com/index.php/lp-courses/data-analysis-using-spss/how-to-perform-exploratory-factor-analysis-using-spss/
Sir if we are adapting a scale for a study in a non western culture like India that was originally developed in a western culture, do we need to go for CFA only ?
Thank you for the presentation, i have a questionnaire with 5 likert scales variables, 7 nominal variables. Can i only use the 5 likert scales variables to do the exploratory factor analysis? or choose 2 or 3 between them. Also, is exploratory factor analysis the same as convergent abd discriminant validity? I am a little bit confused. Thanks in advance for your reply.
@@researchwithfawad Thanks for your reply. After doing the EFA, in should do again convergent and discriminant validity in the data analysis validity section?
@@researchwithfawad Thanks for your reply. I am using SPSS software. Can i first doing EFA using dimension reduction command on spss, and then do discriminant and convergent validity for the validity test? Thanks
Hello sir. First of all i would like to appreciate ur video. This video is one of the informative one. Sir, can u plz tell me that if KMO value is 0.705, is it consider appropriate ? As u mentioned in ur report that MSA values above 0.800 are consider appropriate for factor analysis. Help me with this sir. Thanks regards.
Thank you Dr. Fawad for this helpful video. Is it possible we retain items that load onto another factor as the said factor's item instead of deleting them? Perhaps are there any articles that I can read regarding this? Would be grateful for your help.
Thank you Dr. Fawad for the wonderful video which was very much helpful. Appreciate it if you could clarify whether it is ok to try running EFA with different fix factor numbers when no meaningful results could be obtained running EFA without specifying any predefined factor number.
Thanks. I am glad you liked it. If you are using an existing scale, no need for EFA. Instead of fixing the factors, first try to do EFA on individual factors this will help clean the factors.
Thanks. I am glad you liked it. Here is the link to the tutorial researchwithfawad.com/index.php/lp-courses/data-analysis-using-spss/how-to-perform-exploratory-factor-analysis-using-spss/
Greetings Dr. I have adopted questionnaire items from well-established studies and I have translated the questionnaire to Malay Language through the use of certified translators. My question is, should I conduct EFA? Or can I just proceed with the analysis in PLS-SEM?
Hi Fawad ! - Since there is a difference in PCA and FA (eg. Axis) the commonalities is slight different. In PCA we use >0.5 as a threshold (extraction) - but what to do in Principle Axis analysis hence the initial values is not 1. Some say an extraction value >0.3. Have you considered this or do you think it should be >0.5 as well ? Regards !!
For Principal Axis communality above. 40 is acceptable. But sometimes you have to take these as subjective recommendations, you should also keep an eye open for loadings.
Hello Sir...thank you so much for such a clear explanation. I had a doubt about interpreting the rotated component matrix. In that table, you mentioned that RD factors were supposed to get loaded on component 2. But all factors are loading on component 3. What could be the possible explanation for this? Should it mean RD factors are measuring Philanthropic responsibilities?
Thanks. I am glad you liked it. In simple terms, if an indicator doesn't load on its respective factor it shall be removed from further analysis. I hope this helps.
This really helped. Thank u for the simple descriptive explanation. Just had one query. How did you come up with the value of 60.798 as the percentage of variance? Because when I calculated the total variance of the 3 factors from the given example, I got a value of around 56. It would be great if you could clarify.
Thanks for your message. Actually, i entered the final variance value after removing the items that were cross-loading, not loading at all, or low loading.
Thanks for watching. You may refer to Latif, K. F. (2018). The development and validation of stakeholder-based scale for measuring university social responsibility (USR). Social indicators research, 140(2), 511-547.
I have a same of 30 with 5 independant variables and 1 dependant variable...before my SEM I need to do EFA but my variables do not run under different components..what do I do?
You have simply made life of doctorate scholars easier.
Sincere gratitude
Thanks. I am glad you liked it.
Yes, Simply amazing..
A CLEAR CUT EXPLANATION ABOUT FACTOR ANALYIS FROM START TO END. UNDERSTOOD WELL.
Thank you. I am glad you liked it.
Fawad, I'm an undergraduate trying to propose a scale development study for my senior thesis. Thank you so much. WIth no prior teaching on this, I was able to understand very easily with an undergraduate level of statistics knowledge. You made so many of the papers I'm using for research comprehensible. You are doing great work and I am very grateful. Resources like this are so helpful. Thank you thank you thank you
Thank you. I am glad you liked it.
You have given a good lecture on this. Thank you for sharing your thoughts
clear and concise from the start without unnecessary visaula or audio distraction
Thanks. I am glad you liked it.
How do I thank you enough... So straightforward and very clear. I'm grateful
Thanks. I am glad you liked it. Please do share in your research circle.
The most helpful and concise video I found on TH-cam. thanks!
Thanks. I am glad you liked it.
Yes me too
I will definitely mention your channel and your efforts in guiding me in my acknowledgements section of my thesis.
Awesome, thank you!
Thank you very much. you are amazing instructor. I really appreciate you shared this valuable information for free. bless you so much
You are very welcome
Thank you so much. I'm writing my dissertation and have to use EFA. you've helped me a lot 😊
Thanks for watching.
You simplied EFA for me! Thank you!
Happy to help!
The best video out there explaining this concept. Congratulations and thanks so much!
Glad it was helpful! Do Share in your research circle.
Excellent demonstration. No other video on TH-cam explains EFA so well.
Thanks. I am glad you liked it
sir it's great but reporting mechanism kaha milega
Absolutely
Its a wonderful explanation of EFA that made my research life easy. Thank you
Glad it was helpful!
thank you. After watching this many videos this helps me the most.
Thanks for watching.
Thank you Fawad, your help is greatly appreciated.
Glad it helped
Amazing sir. Your way of teaching is superb
So nice of you
Again all your videos are useful thank you a million 💕💕
Glad you like them!
You are an awesome teacher!
Thanks. I am glad you liked it
Thank you, sir, for accepting my request and thank you for your kindness and generosity, may Allah bless you.
Pleasure is all mine. I hope the session helps you understand EFA.
You can also visit the link in description to download supporting documents
@@researchwithfawad Absolutely, sir, this is a big step of my data analysis. All praises are to you. Thank you
@@researchwithfawad yea I already downloaded sir.
This is so useful for understanding FA!
Thanks. I am glad you liked it.
It helped a looooooooot, I became a fan of yours sir, respect, love and dua for you from my deep heart. Shukriya.
can you please help me with the interpretation format please, I couldn't find it on the comment section.
Thanks. I am glad you liked it.
Please visit
researchwithfawad.com/index.php/lp-courses/data-analysis-using-spss/how-to-perform-exploratory-factor-analysis-using-spss/
Sirji, FA is making sense.thank you. Great work.
Thanks and welcome
You are really a great teacher..
Thank you! I am grateful for your appreciation.
Dear Fawad, thank you very much for all your videos here on TH-cam. They have made a significant difference for me as I am a practitioner who has decided to embark on his journey of research without any prior background in science. Without your videos, I would have been lost. Thanks again and keep up the great work. Greetings from Switzerland!
Pleasure. I am glad you liked the videos. I hope they are helpful in your research endeavor.
Indeed, you are the best.
Cant express how helpful this was thank you so much
You're very welcome!
It was amazing. Thank you so much. Allah bless you.
Thanks. I am glad you liked it. Ameen
you have explained in a very easy way, so many thanks.
Thanks for watching.
Excellent explanation!! I understood most of it. Thank you
Pleasure. I am glad you liked it
sir hats off to u...doing a great job.....all videos are worth watching as it has simple to understand material...thank you ..best wishes from punjab (amritsar)
Thanks and welcome
Clear and beautiful explanation 😊
Thanks a lot 😊
Very beautifully explained. Thank you
Thanks. I am glad you liked it.
Thank you so much sir... It was best video on EFA I have ever seen on EFA...
🙏🙏🙏🙏
Most welcome
Thank you very much. you are amazing instructor.
Thanks for watching.
Excellent explanations and demonstration. It is really helpful. I will share the link that you provided with my students to get a better understanding.
Thanks. I am glad you liked it. Thanks for sharing :)
Great knowledge sharing Fawad, so much learning here. Thank you!
Thanks. I am glad you liked it
Out standing explanation sir....
Thanks. I am glad you liked it.
Thank you for your kindness
Thanks for watching
your video is very helpful..... thank u sir
Glad to hear that
What a great presentation. This has been so helpful for my PhD. project. Thank you
Thanks. I am glad you liked it
the lecture is great
Thanks
Very good video! I finally feel like I understand efa a bit :)
Glad it helped!
Great explanation thank you, prof. regarding CFA can we use it in PLS?
Thanks. For CFA use AMOS
superb , i am grateful
Thanks for watching.
Hello Dr. Fawad. Please can you include the article for Reporting EFA that you mentioned would be in the description? It's not there. Thanks so much
Thanks for watching. Here is the reference
Latif, K. F. (2018). The development and validation of stakeholder-based scale for measuring university social responsibility (USR). Social indicators research, 140(2), 511-547.
@@researchwithfawad Thanks so much, Dr. Fawad. I really appreciate your help. But, please I have another request, a question actually: Please after EFA, must I perform a CFA before using the factors in my SPSS analysis. In this case, no theories are involved. Again. thanks for your help.
Very informative video on EFA. Sir you made each and every concepts crystal clear. Thank you
Sir I have one query
Here you have framed single dimensional statements. How to run EFA when there are multidimensional statement?
Thanks for watching. The same procedure. Add all the items and see if they load onto their respective factors.
Ok sir thank you
MashAllah well explained.
الحمد للہ
I am glad you liked it
It ll be good to share slides of the lecture with viewer's
Thanks. Please visit the link in the description. Thanks.
Very insightful
Thanks for watching.
Many thanks Fawad.
-1- What is your hypothesize factor in this your video, as I see some use 0.3, and 0.4(Spence et al 2001, The structure of anxiety symptoms among preschoolers, Behav Res Ther. 2001; 39(11):1293-316)
-2- In this Spence et al, on Page 1298, what does this statement mean '' Of the 28 items, 26 had a loading in excess of 0.40 on their hypothesize d factor''.
-3- What is the ideal hypothesis factor 0.3, or 0.4, or 0.5?
-4- In this same paper, on Table 2, what is the meaning of the number in bracket of the factor loading means & how do I locate such in this your video?
-4- In reporting EFA, are we allowed to write out the Initial Eigenvalue % of Variance together with each factor Eigenvalue, Example Factor 1: (Eigenvalue 5.94; 24.718%)
The statement "Of the 28 items, 26 had a loading in excess of 0.40 on their hypothesize d factor" means that the factor loading for the items was over the minimum 0.40 on the expected factor.
Preferred minimum loading is 0.50
Just report factor and their eigenvalue after removing the items that do not load well.
Very good explanation. Thank you.
Thanks. I am glad you liked it.
Great video, just need a bit more clarity on the sample size though. Given that you have 19 items/observed variables in this demo , I would presume (based on the rule of thumb described here), that you had anywhere around 19*4 or 5 sample size for this video, which is quite large for a pilot study or questionnaire validation. Would greatly appreciate if you could clarify this bit, thanks!
Thanks. I am glad you liked it. Thats the minimum one should have, the higher the sample soze, the better.
Iam well educated about the factor analysis
Thanks for your interest.
Thank you for your clear explanation, but how to calculate CR and AVE?
Thanks for watching. That will have to be done manually. You can put in the loadings values into the calculate available on the website (Under Excel Sheet).
researchwithfawad.com/index.php/download-research-resources/
Very good, I learned a lot!
Glad it was helpful!
Amazing video! Thank you for this. I had an urgent doubt, if I have 5 factors but only 4 are significant i.e more than 1, is my data wrong?
Thanks. I am glad you liked it. No it is not wrong, when you say significant, do you mean eigenvalue over 1. Are there any items loading onto factors that they should not? Check and remove the items, also if you are using an already validated scale, no need for EFA.
@@researchwithfawad I am using validated scales for each construct, but do I need to check again since its all put together? and yes I meant eigenvalue
Nice...very well explained
Thanks for watching.
link for the notes in description is not working ...please do something
Thanks for letting me know.
Please check this link
researchwithfawad.com/index.php/lp-courses/data-analysis-using-spss/how-to-perform-exploratory-factor-analysis-using-spss/
So helpful. Thanks a lot
Glad it was helpful!
Thank you very much Dr
You are most welcome
hi dr.fawad, im doing presentation in my classroom. this video helped me a lot. However, may i know, how can i get the sample data to run in the spss?
Thanks. I am glad you liked it. I am afraid this data is part of an ongoing research.
Salute you sir. You are great
Thanks. I am glad you liked it
Very clearly understood from your lectures Sir. Can you also provide the reference textbook we can use for EFA and CFA 😇
Thanks for watching.
A SImple explanation of the concept. Can you also provide an explanation using R?
Hopefully soon
what an excellent demonstration beyond any other explanation
Thanks l. I am glad you liked it.
Jazakallah khair Sir
Thanks. I am glad you liked it.
Ultrasmart explanation
Thank You. I am glad you liked it.
That is very helpful. Thanks!
Thanks. I am glad you liked it
Sir if we are adapting a scale for a study in a non western culture like India that was originally developed in a western culture, do we need to go for CFA only ?
Yes, go directly for CFA and report Reliability and Validity
Thank you for the presentation, i have a questionnaire with 5 likert scales variables, 7 nominal variables. Can i only use the 5 likert scales variables to do the exploratory factor analysis? or choose 2 or 3 between them. Also, is exploratory factor analysis the same as convergent abd discriminant validity? I am a little bit confused. Thanks in advance for your reply.
Yes, you cam run EFA on your likert scale items
@@researchwithfawad Thanks for your reply. After doing the EFA, in should do again convergent and discriminant validity in the data analysis validity section?
Why did assess validity before, you shall do it after doing CFA, if you are doing CFA.
@@researchwithfawad Thanks for your reply. I am using SPSS software. Can i first doing EFA using dimension reduction command on spss, and then do discriminant and convergent validity for the validity test? Thanks
Yes, you can. But why not use SEM based tools
very nice work
Thanks. I am glad you liked it.
Hello sir. First of all i would like to appreciate ur video. This video is one of the informative one. Sir, can u plz tell me that if KMO value is 0.705, is it consider appropriate ? As u mentioned in ur report that MSA values above 0.800 are consider appropriate for factor analysis. Help me with this sir. Thanks regards.
Thanks. I am glad you liked it. 0.70 is also fine.
Thank you Dr. Fawad for this helpful video. Is it possible we retain items that load onto another factor as the said factor's item instead of deleting them? Perhaps are there any articles that I can read regarding this? Would be grateful for your help.
Pleasure. I am glad you liked it.
No, those items shall be removed.
Dr. in the total variance explained table... what is the component referring to? is component no. 1 the same as item no. 1?
This refers to the factors that can be extracted. Normally we look at the Eigen Value to assess the no. of factors to be extracted.
Just wanted to ask that in EFA is it compulsory for all the variables after extraction to represent one latent factor?
Thanks for watching. Use EFA only of the scale is self developed. If you have adapted or adopted the scale, there is no need for EFA.
God bless you !
Thanks for watching
Thank you Dr. Fawad for the wonderful video which was very much helpful. Appreciate it if you could clarify whether it is ok to try running EFA with different fix factor numbers when no meaningful results could be obtained running EFA without specifying any predefined factor number.
Thanks. I am glad you liked it.
If you are using an existing scale, no need for EFA.
Instead of fixing the factors, first try to do EFA on individual factors this will help clean the factors.
This really help me. 😁😁😁
Thanks. I am glad you liked it
sir confirmatory factor analysis explain kar dijiye. All your videos are excellent sir.
Here is a whole lecture series (in progress). There is a session on CFA as well.
Thank you so much! Great video. Is it possible for you to share the PowerPoint presentation either as pptx or pdf?
Thanks. I am glad you liked it. Here is the link to the tutorial
researchwithfawad.com/index.php/lp-courses/data-analysis-using-spss/how-to-perform-exploratory-factor-analysis-using-spss/
Greetings Dr. I have adopted questionnaire items from well-established studies and I have translated the questionnaire to Malay Language through the use of certified translators. My question is, should I conduct EFA? Or can I just proceed with the analysis in PLS-SEM?
Thanks for watching. It is not required.
@@researchwithfawad Many thanks to you, Dr.
sir, Can you share your video series how to work on AMOS, Hypothesis testing? and other EFA and CFA related videos
Thanks for your interest. Here is the complete playlist
IBM SPSS AMOS: th-cam.com/play/PLb7vm6tsQ3Kvinj9MFF6wbQFDBdkU1ERP.html
Thank you very much sir.
Most welcome
Hi Fawad ! - Since there is a difference in PCA and FA (eg. Axis) the commonalities is slight different. In PCA we use >0.5 as a threshold (extraction) - but what to do in Principle Axis analysis hence the initial values is not 1. Some say an extraction value >0.3. Have you considered this or do you think it should be >0.5 as well ? Regards !!
For Principal Axis communality above. 40 is acceptable. But sometimes you have to take these as subjective recommendations, you should also keep an eye open for loadings.
@@researchwithfawad Thank you for your quick reply, Fawad. Best of luck ! Regards
Can you apply factor analysis on an already established scale?
You can, but it is not required
Excellent
Thanks. I am glad you liked it
Why did we remove RD2 instead of including it in the first subscale?
RD2 is loading well with the first subscale questions.
The reason is that the item doesn't belong that construct.
Ver useful video
Sir can please tell whether to use efa prio to cfa in smart pls , when the scale is adapted from different studies?
No need to run EFA, if measures are already validated.
Sir, is varimax good for EFA or should we go with Promax? I was thinking principal axis and promax. Kindly let me know.
use Varimax.
@@researchwithfawad ok Sir
This is so helpful but how can I contact you for further information and questions?
You can email me on kh.fawad83@gmail.com
Hello Sir...thank you so much for such a clear explanation. I had a doubt about interpreting the rotated component matrix. In that table, you mentioned that RD factors were supposed to get loaded on component 2. But all factors are loading on component 3. What could be the possible explanation for this? Should it mean RD factors are measuring Philanthropic responsibilities?
Thanks. I am glad you liked it.
In simple terms, if an indicator doesn't load on its respective factor it shall be removed from further analysis. I hope this helps.
@@researchwithfawad Thank you so much Sir !
This really helped. Thank u for the simple descriptive explanation. Just had one query. How did you come up with the value of 60.798 as the percentage of variance? Because when I calculated the total variance of the 3 factors from the given example, I got a value of around 56. It would be great if you could clarify.
Thanks for your message. Actually, i entered the final variance value after removing the items that were cross-loading, not loading at all, or low loading.
@@researchwithfawad Alright. Thank you for the clarification!
@@researchwithfawad Alright. Thank you for the clarification!
Hello thank ou can you please share the links for the templates of interpretation? thank you
Thanks for watching. You may refer to
Latif, K. F. (2018). The development and validation of stakeholder-based scale for measuring university social responsibility (USR). Social indicators research, 140(2), 511-547.
yes a very helpful paper@@researchwithfawad
I have a same of 30 with 5 independant variables and 1 dependant variable...before my SEM I need to do EFA but my variables do not run under different components..what do I do?
You only do EFA is you have developed the scale. If you have already taken sclaes from previous research studies, no need to go for EFA, just do SEM.
What to do if factor loading shows a negative sign? Should we remove the variables?
The negative sign shows that the item has a negative correlation. You may need to reverse code that item.
I have a question, relating to EFA; Is normality of data an essential thing to be checked before proceeding for EFA
You can check it using Skewness and Kurtosis.
Reporting is very useful
Thanks. I am glad you liked it.
thanks for sharing this info.....
Pleasure. I am glad you liked it.
Please, explain the CFA as well. We are waiting
Thanks for your interest. I am glad you liked the video. Here is a complete playlist on AMOS, software primarily used for CFA
Sir, the link to the notes doesnt seem working. Can you look into it?
Please check it from laptop/desktop computer, there seems to be an issue with the mobile version of the website. I am trying to look into it.
@@researchwithfawad thanks sir, it is now accessible. I'm opening it from using laptop.
Thank you sir...
Most welcome