ATPL Training Radio Navigation #26 Global Positioning System GPS GPS GLONASS GALLILEO

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system that provides accurate location and timing information to users worldwide. Consisting of a constellation of satellites orbiting Earth, GPS allows receivers on the ground, in the air, or at sea to determine their precise three-dimensional position.
In addition to GPS, other global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) complement and enhance positioning capabilities. GLONASS, the Russian counterpart to GPS, and Galileo, the European GNSS, are two major systems that contribute to global navigation. GLONASS and Galileo provide additional satellites and signals, increasing the overall robustness and accuracy of GNSS.
GLONASS, operated by Russia, is fully operational and offers global coverage. It works in conjunction with GPS, providing redundancy and improving accuracy, especially in high latitudes. Galileo, initiated by the European Union, is designed to be an independent GNSS with a focus on civilian applications. It adds more satellites to the GNSS constellation, contributing to improved accuracy and availability.
The synergy of GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo enhances global navigation capabilities, allowing users to benefit from a greater number of satellites and increased accuracy. This multi-constellation approach is particularly valuable in challenging environments where signals may be obstructed, such as in urban canyons or dense foliage. As technology evolves, the integration of multiple GNSS systems continues to advance, promising even more precise and reliable positioning for a variety of applications, including aviation, maritime navigation, and everyday location-based services.