THE WINTER QUEEN - Elizabeth Stuart
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 21 ม.ค. 2022
- A happy childhood, a sumptuous wedding and Queen at 23. Elizabeth Stuart, the granddaughter of Mary Queen of Scots, and the daughter of James VI of Scotland, later James I of England, and Anne of Denmark, was elated to see how her life was shaping up, but the Thirty Years’ War changed everything and her life became a continuous struggle. Today we will follow her tragic story.
The images used are in the Public Domain (via Wikimedia Commons)
Music - YT Audio Library.
Sources / Further reading
Elizabeth, Electress Palatine and Queen of Bohemia by Mary Anne Everett Green, Methuen & Co., 36 Essex Street W.C. London, 1909
Lives of the Queens of Scotland and English Princesses by Agnes Strickland, New York, Harper & Brothers Publishers, Franklin Square, 1859
My God? To hear one's child cry "save me Father save me" is unimaginable grief.💔
Heartbreaking. Thank you for watching, Anita.
Thank you for the excellent video and enriching our knowledge. So Elizabeth Stuart was a daughter, sister and grandmother of Kings of Britain. She is the reason our present queen Elizabeth II is a descendant of Mary Queen of Scots. Her courage, loyalty and dedication to her husband and children is commendable. Her grief was profound yet she remained strong for her husband. True love prevails.
Elizabeth was a remarkable lady and the tragedies she went through forged her strong character. Thank you for watching Ambreen.
Elizabeth Stuart was not the daughter and sister of Kings of Britain. Bith James VI/I and Chatles I and her nephews Chatles II and James VII/II andv her Gr neice Mary II were King /Queen of both Scotland and England. It was her other gr neice Queen Anne who was the jfirst Monatch of Great Britain which came into existance on 1st Nay 1707
@@SALeppard King James VI/I proclaimed himself the first King of Britain but nobody took heed of it.
@@sirwelch9991 yes he did but he was not king if Great Britain as. It did not exist until 1707. When his gr granddaughter Queen Anne the last monarch of both Scotland and England as separate kingdoms became the first monarch of the new kingdom of Great Britain. JAMES VI /I claimed many things that were nit true that was one of them. The only thing he achieved was the union jack which ships flew although it was not widely used or popular in Scotland. Each country went their own way until the treaty of union in 1707.
@@SALeppardyes, but explaining this, especially as Charles 1 and II did not require different numbering for both countries, to people who often cannot tell the difference between Mary Tudor and Mary Stuart, both Queens of France for a short time would send anyone doing these documentaries into a loony bin.
A very moving account of Elizabeth's adult life--thank you. I found the choice of portraits fascinating; I always like to see what people looked like! Elizabeth had those big, dark, mournful Stuart eyes!
Elizabeth was apparently a very charismatic person with a great deal of charm or magnetic personality. "Queen and huntress, chaste and fair"--she was lauded by poets, apparently not without reason. She must have inherited that charm from her grandmother, but was luckier (despite the tragedies of her life) in at least having a happy marriage. I first made her acquaintance in Margaret Irwin's novel "The Stranger Prince," about her son Rupert of the Rhine. This is a fascinating period, and one of my favorites. Your videos help fill me in on the details.
From what I’ve read so far, Rupert seems to be a fascinating character. His mother said of him: “My son was born a hero!”
I'm delighted you find my videos useful. Thank you very much for watching, Elaine. Also, I enjoy reading your comments!
A strong woman in a sense of character, reputation, and legacy. A philosopher in some regards, a matriarch of a bloodline that continues to the present day and an epitome of elegance during her time.
Indeed. Elizabeth was cultivated, elegant, and romantic - a true Stuart.
Superb presentation--everything that was never explained to us in school! Thank you, so much, for the clarity and fascinating backstory!
Glad it was helpful!
I knew next to nothing about Elizabeth Stuart, a sad story in many ways, the death of her husband and half of her children, but she was a strong lady and had very little help yet she kept fighting, Thank you LH for this insight and life of this lovely lady, superb as you always do. 😊
Yes, you're right Robert. Luck was not on her side, sadly. I'm really glad you liked the video. Thank you for watching, as always.
@@livesandhistories a pleasure as always LH and thank you for all the research and work you put in to your chanel. 😊
@@robertdudley4017 Thank you for your very kind comment, Robert. I really appreciate it.
@@livesandhistories your most welcome L&H 😊
True. But through her daughter, Sophia, we now have the current British Royal Family right down to King Charles III...
An excellent book on Elizabeth Stuart and her daughters is "Daughters of the Winter Queen: Four Remarkable Sisters, the Crown of Bohemia, and the Enduring Legacy of Mary, Queen of Scots
Book: by Nancy Bazelon Goldstone
That's good to know. Thank you.
Thanks for the recommendation 😉
I do love your profiles of individuals, some lesser known, they're like drawing pins on which we can hang the rest of the story. (If that makes sense!)
Yes, it does make sense, and I like the way you put it into words :) Thank you so much for your kind comment.
Elizabeth Stuart,as daughter of James I,the first British king,provided her grandson George I,the legitimacy for becoming the first British king of the Hanoverian dynasty.When queen Anne died her nearest Protestant relative was the elector of Hanover,the son of Sophia of the Palatinate Elizabeth's daughter.Sophia herself would have been the next British monarch but she had died just a few months before queen Anne did giving her claim to her son.
well said
The Stuarts sure produced beautiful, strong women.
Quite so. Thank you for watching.
yeah
Fascinating history told in a knowledgeable, clear manner. I knew little about this queen and her important relationships to other royals houses and pivotal historic events. Thank you for your oresentstion.
I am delighted you liked this video. Thank you very much for your kind comment, Kathleen.
Thank you so much. Thoroughly enjoyed. Never knew much about James other children. Poor Elizabeth. She had a hard life. Tragedy and a lot of trials and tribulations. Sad losing her beloved husband and son like that. At least she was able to return home after the many years away. And her own grandson became King of England which I had not known about. thanks again and you have a lovely calm speaking voice. Thank you for your English interpretation.
Your comment made my day. I am so happy you enjoyed this video. Thank you very much for watching.
@@livesandhistories well I am delighted. Credit given where credit is due. Thanks again. And keep doing what your doing. Much appreciated. Blessings and have a wonderful happy healthy new 2022 year. Xx
@@ttp436 Happy New Year to you too.
Elizabeth Stuarts grandson George Elector of Hanover became King George I of Great Britain in 1714 not England. There has been no King or Queen of Scotland or England since 1707 when both countries united into Great Britain under Queen Anne who was the last . Monarch of both t Scotland and England . Please get your facts right
@@SALeppard lol ooohhh. Don’t get your knickers in a twist. I know that already. Just an innocently mid-communication, but if u wanna be so anal and politically correct then go right ahead. I do wonder what type of person really feels the need to point that out.
Henry the 7th is probably rolling in his grave knowing his dynasty died out after one century. Great Video.
Glad you liked it. Thank you for watching.
Yes, nevertheless, the present Queen is his descendant through his daughter, Margaret Tudor, who was Elizabeth's great great grandmother.
Elizabeth II is Elizabeth’s descendent. From Richard III Plantagenet to John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster, from Lancaster to Margaret Beauford, from Margaret to Henry VII Tudor, From Tudor to Stuart, from Elizabeth Stuart to George I of Hanover, from Victoria I of Hanover to Edward VII Saxe-Coburg Gotha and changing he family. Name to George V of Windsor, fm Elizabeth II of Windsor to Prince Charles Mountbatten Windsor. That is the line who gives the present Queen her right to the English Crown.
Thanks Marinella.
It's the British crown not English (there is a difference) and John of Gaunt was the son of Edward III
Edward III has lots of descendents.
A good summary. One small point; in the first line, it is from Edward III to John of Gaunt (a son and founder of the Lancastrian line), not Richard III, last king of the Yorkist line, who left no legitimate heirs and was defeated and deposed by Henry VII, the first Tudor.
Her relative was also softie electress of Hanover king George 1 mother
Her nephew Charles II is a personal favorite of mine
How are you doing happy new year actually I sent comments before iam Arabic lady citizen and subscriber to several British and American TH-cam channels we are as foreigners subscribers as overseas students want to increase our cultural level improve our English language as well i gathered key points about famous celebrity you mentioned briefly here it’s winter queen is Elizabeth Stuart she is born in year 1599 died in year 1662 she was electress of palatinate briefly queen of bohemia wife of Frederick v of palatinate because her husband region in Bohemia lasted for just one winter Elizabeth is often referred to as winter queen and she deposed by Catholic forces barely a year in power and experiencing only one Prague hence soubriquet winter relinquished title establishing court in exile in hauge holland thank you for your wonderful cultural historical channel iwish for your channel more success and progress stay safe blessed good luck to you your dearest ones
Thank you for your comment. I'm glad you're watching these videos to learn English and History. Lots of luck to you!
A heartbreakingly lovely story...thank you for that❤️
Very interesting thanks so much! Again another strong woman that is underrated.
Glad you liked it. Thank you very much for watching, Lou.
Excellent, thank you.
Thank you very much for watching, Kimberly. I'm really glad you liked the video. All the best to you.
I am so exceptionally fascinated with the deep delve into the lives and history of the many different royal families that you have covered in your videos. The narration, pronunciations of the names, titles and places, the amazing amount of details and information stemming from the researches, and the artwork displayed in each of your phenomenal videos is exemplary.
I’m so incredibly happy that this video was in my recommended section, and I clicked on it. You definitely won me over, and I subscribed immediately after watching this video.
I’ve always been so intrigued and fascinated with royal families from all over the world, their lives, and their stories. I’ve always LOVED history, and learning about historical events. I’m truly hoping to go back to college (I’m 52 now) and obtaining a history degree, along with forensic accounting degree.
I recall learning about Elizabeth Stuart while in high school - many, many moons ago, and her life story was so devastating, at times, but she had immense love, compassion, courage, strength and honor towards her husband, each of her children, and her country; she’s an true inspiration for all women.
For her to exhibit strength after the loss of a child, there are no words that I can say to accurately describe what I’m feeling. That’s an incredible sorrowful experience that no parent should ever have to go through. My grandma lost 2 of her children in a year and a half, who were her oldest son and her youngest daughter (my mom). I saw the heartbreak, the pain, and sorrow in my grandma’s eyes and on her face. I, until the day before my mom passed away, remained strong for my mom, my grandma, and my younger sister. To see my mom go through chemo and radiation, double mastectomy, feeling like she wasn’t a woman anymore and coming close, on many different occasions, of losing her, that tested every single ounce of faith; I can’t imagine the insurmountable grief that my grandma, along with Elizabeth Stuart, of seeing her baby girl slowly die from aggressive breast cancer.
I’m definitely going to binge watch all of your videos, and learning about the lives and history of the royal families. Keep up the phenomenal work on your videos!!!
How wonderful that the video about Elizabeth Stuart brought you here! I hope you will find the other videos on this channel as interesting as this one, and, maybe, they can be a source of distraction from the difficulties that one goes through life. I am sorry you had so much loss in your life.
Thank you very much for your kind comment. All the best to you.
As always, a wonderful video, thank you so much for telling Elizabeth Stuart's story :)
I notice that in the depictions of her you use early on in the video her face looks almost ... elvish. That is, similar to many descriptions and depictions of elves in the fiction I know. It's not just her eyes, it's also her relatively long face and that _gaze_ ... while the rest of her look seems young, her face and eyes look like she has seen the Changing of the World and the Conjunction of the Spheres.
Interestingly, her brother as well as her father have a similar face in the depictions you show of them - I wonder, a genetic trait of her family or an artistic trait of whoever created those paintings?
Talking about paintings, I am absolutely blown away by the one of London at around 3:23 you used as background. Oh my, i am speechless (figuratively; is it even metaphysically possible for me to ever be literally speechless?).
Oh my, that is so beautiful. So much detail. That athmosphere aswell. Stunning. Breathtaking even.
And it's equally beautiful to hear that they, for once, actually had a loving relationship and marriage. Rare. And 13 children! Probably not that rare, back then. Still, a sign of their love, i guess, and it seems to me that both of them were very loving personalities in general with the way they trated each other, helped eachother and also how they raised their children.
The way Elizabeth describes her grief, the loss of her husband ... I know. I can relate very much.
I like that she was able to return to England before she passed, even though it was only for such a short time and with uncomfortable resistance. The last chapter ends where the first began. I appreciate that.
Continuing with the topic of paintings, i notice that there seem to be an unusual amount of dogs. I feel like you don't see many dogs or animals in general in royal portraits, did she have a special liking for them or was it the painter? And is that a question that neurotypical people would consider rude?
And since I, not all that surprisingly, seem to be focusing a lot on those details, let me mention the background music. Oh my, it is so so incredibly wonderful. I am not sure I can handle all that beauty in one video, oh my. I love it. So calm, it reminds me of a small stream made of silk with a comparatively young oak tree beside. Maybe with a playful little bridge over it. Over the water, not the tree.
Ay, I must sound like a maniac, do I not? But there is so much beauty in this video, I can't help but allow it into my heart, to move me somehow.
I am still speechless*. Thank you so much for this video. I love it :)
By the by, our Ada is still walking. Sometimes, when i write or think of her, I wonder. I like where she is going and the path she is taking, but will anyone else but me ever like her too? Then again, I do not anticipate many people to ever read her story, so does it really matter? And even if, would it matter then? Am I writing for myself? For you? For noone? For everyone? For our Ada?
What is it that makes a story "boring" or "good" or "interesting" or "okay" to others? Should i even ask that or is the very question, the root of it within me, a sin? Or would it be wrong not to ask?
The following is merely a shadow of what i truly feel: I care about her, about our Ada. I do not want her to be forgotten, to become irrelevant, to just vanish. But i am worried, worried that noone can really understand her like she deserves. Worried that noone can ever see the same beauty that she sees.
Oh, anyways. I shall thank you one more time for this video, though it is still not enough thanks and never will :) Have i mentioned that i really love your videos?
I wish you, as always, all the best and so much more :) I hope that you are healthy and happy and enjoy whatever you are doing :)
And Oh ... that painting. I might never recover. Those colours. Oh my. And the music aswell.
I am delighted to know you liked this video as sad as the story might have been.
Yes, a very good spirit of observation from you: Elizabeth loved dogs, animals in general, a lot. Whilst reading about her I found out that not even her children understood very well her immense love for animals.
But the person who understood Elizabeth very well was her husband, Frederick, who adored her. Going through the letters that he wrote to his wife when they were apart brought a tear to my eye. One gets to realise all that he had gone through in order to make his family happy. He felt that he had failed, both politically and personally. I felt so sorry for him; he died a broken man … his shattered dreams always reminding Elizabeth about his pain.
Now, turning my attention to Ada … I think that the most valuable thing is that you care about her, and that is reflected in the fact that you want to tell her story. And I am sure that when I get to read her story, Ada will turn out to be a loveable character, as lovable as she is to you now. To go even further than that, I can assure you that she will not be forgotten.
And how do you know that one day you will not publish her story? Such things can happen …
Thank you for your very kind message. Sending you my best wishes. Keep well.
@@livesandhistories I believe that a sad story is neither worse nor better than a happy story. Any story deserves to be told, in any story beauty can be found, from any story things can be learned, hearts can be moved. A sad story can make me smile and a happy story can make me cry, and both is a good thing in my opinion.
As i mentioned before, I find beauty in many things, even in the saddest of stories.
If a story manages to bring tears to our eyes, that shows that it reaches us somehow. It moves us, and that is a good thing. Pain is a messenger that often has much to say about love, for example.
As you may or may not remember, my love for animals is incredibly great aswell, so I can very much relate to our Elizabeth.
I, personally, see animals as equals. This is obviously a topic where my autism probably plays a relatively large role in some ways, but in many cases i find that animals have bigger and better hearts than their "owners" (I strongly reject the notion that you can "own" an animal like you could own some object. They are no objects, even if "modern" law and many members of our society unfortunately treat them so.). In many ways, animals can sometimes understand us much btter than other people can. Though I do not want to generalize.
I love animals. My love for them is greater than I have words for. And in many ways I feel that it is only natural that someone who seems to be such a loving and caring person like our Winter Queen does so, too.
And i repeat: I am delighted to know that these two, her and her husband Frederick, had such a deep and loving and understanding and caring relationship. Both the fact it ended and the way it ended are truely painful, and I can imagine too well how she must have felt. But also in many ways i think that their relationship never really ended, even despite their death. This sort of bond, this kind of connection is special. It changes you, it leaves marks, a soul always carries parts of that connection with itself. For better or for worse.
In any way, I find it very beautiful.
I especially hope that Frederick's soul ultimately was able to find comfort and rest in the fact that there seemed to have been at least 14 people who he made truely happy.
Oh, our Ada... there are moments when I worry that I am not good enough of a writer to really bring across all her beauty. In my eyes, the greatest beauty is often the most hidden, by far not immediately noticable and in many cases much too overlooked. Sometimes, if you really want to see that sort of beauty, you need to close your eyes and listen. I hope that I will be able to somehow render in words what needs to be told about her, in a way that whoever reads her story can see who she really is. She deserves that.
I feel like there is so much that can and should be said about her, but sometimes i don't know how. So many words unspoken. And even if i find words that seem right for me, how do i know they convey their meaning to anyone besides me as well? Ah, and so it goes on.
Thank you for your reply :)
It is a stormy night. Very beautiful in my opinion. All the best :)
@@NoMercy8008 I think that for a writer, the writing process is as important as the finished story is. It is a journey. Sometimes, you walk in a straight line, other times you take a detour, or you come up to a junction where you have to decide: right or left? Eventually, you choose the path. And then, you come to “a small stream made of silk with a comparatively young oak tree beside.” You linger there for a while trying to capture the fleeting thoughts crowded in your mind. And so the journey continues … It will end one day, and when that happens you will have written your story. Ultimately, what matters is that you, the author, find the story meaningful. It should be sufficient that you like the story. Well, at least, this is what I think :) Best, L & H.
@@livesandhistories I shall repeat what i said a while ago: You are a poet :)
And you are absolutely right, thank you very much for those words. They will help me greatly on our path :)
It appears to me that you know our Ada better than you might think.
13 children, wow! It sounds like she was a good mother, wife, sister and daughter. Not easy at any time in history, and probably harder then.
Yes, you're right. Thank you for watching, Mary.
Another well researched detailed video expertly narrated ...I am grateful for dedication
So kind of you to say that. Thank you for your support.
Very informative video about a lesser known historical figure!
Thank you kindly.
You might like to consider Nadine Akkerman's brilliant biography, Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Hearts, which incorporates hundreds of letters never before seen (many of which have yet to be published) and deep archival work in a remarkably readable package. Green was excellent, but historiography has moved on somewhat since her biography was published.
I have heard about Akkerman's biography on Elizabeth Stuart. It had good reviews. I hope I'll get the chance to read it one day. Thank you for watching, Pete.
Brilliant programs and presentation.
These Stewart's are my relations , and I live hearing about them
Glad you like them. Thank you for watching.
The German Stuart's or the French Stuart's. Or do you prefer the original spelling
Although they had suffered great loss and grief, I am glad they found each other. Unlike many arranged marriages especially that of royals, I get the overall feeling they genuinely loved each other.
Reading many of their letters, I also got that impression. They were genuinely attached to each other. Thank you for watching.
@@livesandhistories watching is always a pleasure, thank you for all of your great and interesting videos. I haven’t seen anything on this couple yet, it was wonderful!
Admittedly, I knew ver little about hee.. thank you..concise and informative
So glad you liked it. Thank you for watching.
I Know How Marvelous Her Daughter The Electress Sophia Of Hanover Is,But Elizabeth Stuart Is Absolutely Fascinating!!! She Needs To Be Talked About More. It Is Through Her That Sophia's Son,George Louis The Elector Of Hanover Became King Of Great Britain As George I,As Queen Anne Died With No Surviving Children And All The Male Line Stuarts Since The Exiled King James II&VII Had Turned Roman Catholic,Catholics Were Barred From The Throne By The Act Of Succession. The Parliament Ensured A Protestant Succession.
Thank you for watching Gregory.
The Tudors were not a lucky dynasty when it came to producing healthy heirs (or heirs at all), and the Stuarts were even worse. The history of Scotland is quite often a tale of no heirs or heirs that died young or fighting between heirs--the Stuarts themselves were "fill-ins" when there was no clear heir. Their name derives from "steward," basically a regent when there was no king. (That must have been where Tolkien got his inspiration for the Stewards of Gondor in "The Lord of the Rings.")
Congratulations on a fascinating video about the key link in the royal succession Google the Honthorst portrait of Elizabeth of Bohemia later in life, briefly shown in the video, now in the National Gallery in London. She looks a real character. You can see the resemblance to her brother Charles I.
Thank you very much, Paul. I find Elizabeth's story fascinating. Her story took me through many sequences of history. Yes, I know what you mean about her resemblance to Charles I, and also I find that she looked a little bit like her father too.
The Queen is Queen because she is descended from Elizabeth Stuart via George I - that is the link to the succession from the Stuarts and thereon from the medieval succession.
Indeed. And, if I may add, how delighted Elizabeth Stuart would have been to know that she had played such an important role in history. Thank you very much for your comment.
Both Frederick’s mother and Elizabeth’s father advised against the Bohemian venture. A pity they hadn’t taken their advice. James I had an absolute horror of ‘rocking the boat’, a policy which served him well throughout his reign.
You're right, Jasper. I remember reading that Maurice of Orange convinced Frederick to accept the offer of becoming king of Bohemia. Thank you for watching.
James's family history had taught him caution. His mother, Mary Queen of Scots, lost her liberty and later her life during the civil and religious strife in Scotland and because of the animosity between Scotland and England. His father had almost certainly been assassinated, possibly or probably with the knowledge if not connivance of his wife, Mary. And his grandfather had died because of the warfare between Scotland and England. James was born prematurely when his mother was taken prisoner by her enemies (with the help of his father!). And he must have been taught about the Spanish Armada and Essex's rebellion in the English realm he was about to inherit. No wonder he tried to avoid provoking powerful nations in the turbulent Europe of his time. He was born scared! (Not surprisingly.)
Charles I tried to court the Spanish Infanta Maria Anna but it failed because she was a staunch catholic Charles was accompanied by George Villiers 1st Duke of Buckingham and Richard Wynn the Older groom of the Bedchamber to Charles I and treasurer to Henrietta Maria Richard The Older's nephew Richard Wynn The Younger became Groom of the Bedchamber to Charles II and Treasurer to Catherina de Bragansa Charles I met Henrietta Maria when he was returning from Spain he stopped in France most of Madame Palatine's letters were addressed to her aunt Sophie (Elisabeth's daughter)
Charles Louis acted like one ungrateful child to his mother who sacrificed so much for him.
Indeed. Elizabeth even said that her son, Charles Louis, was more important to her than all her daughters. Thank you for watching.
@@livesandhistories It seems like Elizabeth was putting the hopes of the kingdom and her future in Charles. Too bad he let her down. This, along with moral reasons, is why favoritism is terrible.
@@ledam2654 Very well said. I agree with you.
Random comment-Orlando Bloom could definitely play the role of Frederick!!!
Sounds good! :-)
Henry Frederick died of typhoid fever he contracted it after he took a swim in the Thames
Wow, what a life she lived🤭
So, James 6 called his daughter Elizabeth, the same name as the woman who had his mother executed. Odd choice. They really were not like us!
I mean his great great grandmother and great great great grandmother were also named Elizabeth (Elizabeth Woodville and Elizabeth York on his great grandmother Margaret Tudor's side). Elizabeth I was named after her grandmother (E. of York)so ¯\_(ツ)_/¯ royals are all weird and all related.
Well, Elizabeth I was godmother to Elizabeth Stuart, hence the choice of name. Thank you very much for watching.
James barely knew his mother and I don't think really thought much about her
I heard King James named her Elizabeth to flatter the Queen.
James Vl last saw his mother when he was a year old and was brought up to regard her as a Catholic troublemaker. He had no affection for her and made only a token protest when she was executed, no doubt like Elizabeth l breathing a secret sigh of relief that a Catholic threat to their Protestant kingdoms had been removed. He called his elder children Henry and Elizabeth to curry favour with the English Queen whom he hoped to succeed one day. Henry was not a Scottish regal name. James, Alexander or Robert, Mary or Margaret would have been more in the Scottish tradition
Dear Narrator, may I ask: What is your nationality?
British
@@livesandhistories me: American :)
I think they meant,where were you born......
How did she become heiress to GB if she was the youngest child of Elizabeth? Did her older brother and sisters not have a better claim.
By the time Sophia became heiress presumptive, most of her brothers and sisters had died. Her elder sister, Louise Hollandine, who was still alive at the time, had converted to Catholicism. So, she could not have claimed the crown because The Act of Settlement of 1701 established the succession to the throne to Protestants. Sophia was chosen because she was a Protestant. Thank you very much for watching.
At least they got to see Prague.
And what a sight it must have been during those times ... Thank you for watching :)
What of Balthazar
Did they say Sir John Harrington the toilet guy💩
How did she become heiress to GB if she was the youngest child of Elizabeth? Did her older brother and sisters not have a better claim.
The surviving older children included two sons who were ineligible because they were Catholic; Rupert and Maurice, who left no legitimate children; Eliza, who became a Protestant nun; Louise, who became a Catholic nun; Henrietta, who died in childbirth ...Sophia was the only child who produced a legitimate and Protestant child!
Sorry?! "Eliza,who became a Protestant nun" ...in the 17th century? Yes, there were 'nuns' or Religious Sisters in the Church of England as of the 1850's, but....'Protestant nuns' in the 17th?
Gordon Carter. Adelaide. South Australia.
@@elainechubb971Rupert and Maurice were heroes