I'm a data science graduate who is working on a SSVEP project. My question was 'How are brain waves even measured?', this was the only video where a clear, crisp explanation was given. There are others, but either they don't explain enough or they're not correct. One video said, '...they are non-ionizing radiation or electromagnetic radiation. They're not photons or X rays, but electromagnetic fields oscillating...'. I mean c'mon. Anyway, thanks for the explanation. Helped alot.
Wow, this video compiles the most important concepts in an objective and well-explained way. Good quality! It really answers the question: "how does eeg work?" for varios levels of expertise and without taking up too much of the audience's time. I've just recently joined a project to develop a new portable eeg device for domestic use, and I didn't come from a neurology background, so content such as this is always welcome. It's nice to think that with your videos you help expand knowledge on the subject far beyond the scope of your thesis. Good sucess with your research! I can only imagine the possibilities that AI can bring to extract more benefits from eeg tests
BTW, why can't we just double the number of electrodes during EEG scans to check more data? Ofc, it'll be heavier or more computational power required, but shouldn't it give you a bigger boost in analysing some patterns?
This is a great question. The answer is you can and we do! 32 electrodes is 'standard' practise, but i also work with 64 channel EEG and 128 channel EEG. As you increase electrodes you obviously get better spatial resolution. Typically 32 channels is a balance between quick application along with useful data. And inevitably, you get diminishing returns when increasing electrodes. Hope that helps!
@@davitbigvava2441 So the common use case is the identification of features in EEG that are pathological. EEG is interpreted for clinical reasons by clinical neurophysiologists. They learnt he skill of interpreting essentially a bunch of wiggly lines to determine which part of the brain the epilepsy is in (or a couple of other disorders) (this is usually also for intracranial data), based on the abnormal activity that exists in patients with epilepsy in-between their seizures. The ideal would be algorithmic detection of abnormal pathological features that are faster, deeper and more accurate than any human could be. General ML includes things like thresholding algorithms and classification system. Deep learning approach is convolutional neural networks, trained on normal and pathological EEG data to detect these features, thus 'seeing' what the human clinical neurophysiologist sees (and also some approaches to see patterns in the data that no human would ever notice). CNNs are what ive worked on for this usecase to detect something called an interictal epileptiform discharge (IED) Hope that answers your question!
Wow, I didn't expect that detailed answer, thanks a lot 🔥🔥🔥 BTW, do you think it's possible to be able to understand persons thoughts using his own tons of data? Like moving objects left, right, forward, backward, up and down?
Hello just found your channel. Not sure if you’ve covered this, but could you break down what happens before and during an epileptic seizure. Both frontal And generalised. Thank you ☺️
Thanks for the comment! So I made a video on epilepsy - though dont go into specific details of before and during an epileptic seizure.....not loads is understood about this (though there are some things we understand I didn't include).........but potentially I can do a deeper dive covering these things thing! Epilepsy video can be found here th-cam.com/video/aCpLDTh-YZ8/w-d-xo.htmlfeature=shared
Thank you for the feedback I really appreciate that. Constantly trying to figure out the right music balance, please let me know if music is good/bad in other videos!
Hello there ! I have some mental condition in which I cannot control my thoughts . At first I thought it was OCD but after going to the doctor and taking medication I found out it wasn't. I have done over 10 sessions with a doctor but haven't been diagnosed with anything . The doctor says I have a mix of ADHD and obsessive thoughts but the point is I showed no signs of ADHD when I was a kid . Do you think I should go for an EEG to check for any abnormalities I may have in my brain ? I have no seizures or any coordination problems by the way .
Hello there, thanks for the comment! A little tricky for me to advise as 1) I'm not a medical doctor and 2) Not sure where you are in the world! But what I would say is if you have some different symptoms and the doctor you saw didn't help then seeking out a second doctor, potentially a psychiatrist would be a good step - potentially through a GP. If you have psychological symptoms rather than neurological symptoms (seizures, movement, sensation) then its unlikely and EEG will reveal anything very useful. I wish you the best of luck my friend.
Ok so 2 questions. Signals from the hypocampus for instance will be detectable only with the invasiv surgery eeg or is this surface method usable? Where do you get your training data from?
Thanks for the questions! 1) Correct, signals from the hippocampus are not detectable from scalp EEG. Invasive intracranial EEG is what is necessary to capture those signals (there are two types of intracranial EEG - one where a wire mesh is placed below the skull along the surface of the brain and another one where depth electrodes are inserted directly into the brain. Depth electrodes are how you capture hippocampus electrical activity) 2) There are training data sets online I have played with (you can google them to find them) but most of the data im looking at is from my lab in KCL - London. We have existing data sets + I have taken my own EEG data across the last 3 years. Hope that helps :)
Thanks for the comment! Its defo not wrong, just another difference between the two sides of the atlantic. Most videos using this word are probably american with 'ensef'
Hello I have some questions for a small project I'm doing. Can you please tell me some of problems that you face or other experience face when using ( EGG).
Hello thanks for a great question! There are a few different issues from a few perspectives. One issue is that scalp EEG only really gives information about the top couple of cm of brain tissue - nothing about the deep structures which are very important when trying to diagnose disease etc. Another issue is it has good resolution of what is happening at what time (temporal resolution) but not very good resolution of where it is happening (spatial resolution). Another issue is that the data can be quite noisy - other electronic devices in the room/nearby + movement of the individual can all contribute to the signal....but have nothing to do with the underlying neurological activity. Hope that helps! Any other specific questions please feel free to ask!
Hello, there are a few different companies which make them. The one my lab use (featured on my head) is BrainProducts. But they are just one of many companies who make this kind of tech
Thanks for this comment I am gonna be doing one of MEG eventually! I very briefly discuss it in my video at the Brain Centre at Cambridge University (which you can find on my channel, I can't put a link here or it will be deleted)
Hi! Thanks for the question. Its the BrainProducts 64 Channel MR Conditional cap......honestly because at the beginning of my PhD that is what my supervisor told me the lab uses - mostly because it can be used safely with MRI and is reliable!
Thank you for the comment - yes it is. It is actually safe on even younger babies - born premature, if doctors suspect neurological disease they may use EEG - along with other brain scans like MRI to investigate this further. Companies make mini EEG caps to suit a much smaller head size and they usually just have less channels/electrodes on them.
Hello! Thanks for the question. People definitely undergo 5+ days of EEG testing in hospital. Where I have seen this is on whats called an EEG-telemetry ward at the hospital where I work that is used to record EEG and also video record people who are having seizures. Doctors can then use the EEG data with the video footage to help them investigate if they have epilepsy.............something like this may be done for other possible diseases although my research is epilepsy so don't know about whether this is typical for other diseases so much. Hope that helps!
Thanks for the comment! Fair play, I respect that. I think this was the third video I ever uploaded and still trying to figure out the right balance for music!
Thanks for the comment but mate, this was my 4th video I ever made and published on my channel, constantly trying to improve so thanks for the feedback.
By far the clearest explanation I have found on EEG
Thank you very much :)
I'm a data science graduate who is working on a SSVEP project. My question was 'How are brain waves even measured?', this was the only video where a clear, crisp explanation was given. There are others, but either they don't explain enough or they're not correct. One video said, '...they are non-ionizing radiation or electromagnetic radiation. They're not photons or X rays, but electromagnetic fields oscillating...'. I mean c'mon. Anyway, thanks for the explanation. Helped alot.
Thanks for the comment I really appreciate that! :)
You are amazing; the way you break down the information and make it understandable is magnificent.
Thank you so much for this comment I really appreciate that!! :)
Wow, this video compiles the most important concepts in an objective and well-explained way. Good quality! It really answers the question: "how does eeg work?" for varios levels of expertise and without taking up too much of the audience's time. I've just recently joined a project to develop a new portable eeg device for domestic use, and I didn't come from a neurology background, so content such as this is always welcome. It's nice to think that with your videos you help expand knowledge on the subject far beyond the scope of your thesis. Good sucess with your research! I can only imagine the possibilities that AI can bring to extract more benefits from eeg tests
Thanks so much for this comment I really appreciate that! Glad you found the video interesting!
Your videos are so great, definitely deserves more subscribers, amazing quality!!
Thank you so much I really appreciate that! :) Working on it!
I have an EEG in 3 days I'm nervous! lol I will say this explanation did help a lot though, thanks Zach.
You are most welcome! good luck for the EEG! :) At least you know what all the little wires will be recording now!
BTW, why can't we just double the number of electrodes during EEG scans to check more data? Ofc, it'll be heavier or more computational power required, but shouldn't it give you a bigger boost in analysing some patterns?
This is a great question. The answer is you can and we do! 32 electrodes is 'standard' practise, but i also work with 64 channel EEG and 128 channel EEG. As you increase electrodes you obviously get better spatial resolution. Typically 32 channels is a balance between quick application along with useful data. And inevitably, you get diminishing returns when increasing electrodes. Hope that helps!
@@ZacharyCortex love your explanations thanks
@@davitbigvava2441 So the common use case is the identification of features in EEG that are pathological. EEG is interpreted for clinical reasons by clinical neurophysiologists. They learnt he skill of interpreting essentially a bunch of wiggly lines to determine which part of the brain the epilepsy is in (or a couple of other disorders) (this is usually also for intracranial data), based on the abnormal activity that exists in patients with epilepsy in-between their seizures. The ideal would be algorithmic detection of abnormal pathological features that are faster, deeper and more accurate than any human could be. General ML includes things like thresholding algorithms and classification system. Deep learning approach is convolutional neural networks, trained on normal and pathological EEG data to detect these features, thus 'seeing' what the human clinical neurophysiologist sees (and also some approaches to see patterns in the data that no human would ever notice). CNNs are what ive worked on for this usecase to detect something called an interictal epileptiform discharge (IED) Hope that answers your question!
Wow, I didn't expect that detailed answer, thanks a lot 🔥🔥🔥
BTW, do you think it's possible to be able to understand persons thoughts using his own tons of data? Like moving objects left, right, forward, backward, up and down?
Thank you sir for your short and sweet explanation... Really helped ❤
Most welcome!
Great video mate well done explained very well
Thanks for the comment! Really appreciate that
Thank you for your great explanation!
Thanks for your comment! I'm glad if it was helpful :)
Hello just found your channel. Not sure if you’ve covered this, but could you break down what happens before and during an epileptic seizure. Both frontal
And generalised. Thank you ☺️
Thanks for the comment! So I made a video on epilepsy - though dont go into specific details of before and during an epileptic seizure.....not loads is understood about this (though there are some things we understand I didn't include).........but potentially I can do a deeper dive covering these things thing! Epilepsy video can be found here th-cam.com/video/aCpLDTh-YZ8/w-d-xo.htmlfeature=shared
This was a fantastic video, thank you!
You are very welcome thank you for the comment :)
good video, but the music is too loud
Thank you for the feedback I really appreciate that. Constantly trying to figure out the right music balance, please let me know if music is good/bad in other videos!
Great video. Kudos!
Thanks! :)
This video helped me so much! Thank you!❤
You are so welcome thanks for the comment :)
The greatest explanation just wow
Thanks I really appreciate that!
Hello there ! I have some mental condition in which I cannot control my thoughts . At first I thought it was OCD but after going to the doctor and taking medication I found out it wasn't. I have done over 10 sessions with a doctor but haven't been diagnosed with anything . The doctor says I have a mix of ADHD and obsessive thoughts but the point is I showed no signs of ADHD when I was a kid . Do you think I should go for an EEG to check for any abnormalities I may have in my brain ? I have no seizures or any coordination problems by the way .
Hello there, thanks for the comment! A little tricky for me to advise as 1) I'm not a medical doctor and 2) Not sure where you are in the world! But what I would say is if you have some different symptoms and the doctor you saw didn't help then seeking out a second doctor, potentially a psychiatrist would be a good step - potentially through a GP. If you have psychological symptoms rather than neurological symptoms (seizures, movement, sensation) then its unlikely and EEG will reveal anything very useful. I wish you the best of luck my friend.
Ok so 2 questions. Signals from the hypocampus for instance will be detectable only with the invasiv surgery eeg or is this surface method usable?
Where do you get your training data from?
Thanks for the questions! 1) Correct, signals from the hippocampus are not detectable from scalp EEG. Invasive intracranial EEG is what is necessary to capture those signals (there are two types of intracranial EEG - one where a wire mesh is placed below the skull along the surface of the brain and another one where depth electrodes are inserted directly into the brain. Depth electrodes are how you capture hippocampus electrical activity) 2) There are training data sets online I have played with (you can google them to find them) but most of the data im looking at is from my lab in KCL - London. We have existing data sets + I have taken my own EEG data across the last 3 years. Hope that helps :)
do we pronounce it wrong in united strates? or just different ? electroen"ceph"logram , we pronounce electro"ensef" logram
Thanks for the comment! Its defo not wrong, just another difference between the two sides of the atlantic. Most videos using this word are probably american with 'ensef'
You make learning exciting
Thank you very much I really appreciate that! :)
Hello I have some questions for a small project I'm doing. Can you please tell me some of problems that you face or other experience face when using ( EGG).
Hello thanks for a great question! There are a few different issues from a few perspectives. One issue is that scalp EEG only really gives information about the top couple of cm of brain tissue - nothing about the deep structures which are very important when trying to diagnose disease etc. Another issue is it has good resolution of what is happening at what time (temporal resolution) but not very good resolution of where it is happening (spatial resolution). Another issue is that the data can be quite noisy - other electronic devices in the room/nearby + movement of the individual can all contribute to the signal....but have nothing to do with the underlying neurological activity. Hope that helps! Any other specific questions please feel free to ask!
very clear! thank you!
Thank you for the comment! You are most welcome
Hello, may I ask where to buy the brainwave testing tool?
Hello, there are a few different companies which make them. The one my lab use (featured on my head) is BrainProducts. But they are just one of many companies who make this kind of tech
Fantastic video, thank you!
Thank you so much for this comment I really appreciate it!
You must love your job
.very interesting. Thank you for your video
Thanks so much for the comment I really do :)
please could you tell me what creates the alpha waves (04:45)- I'm not a native
Great video!
Thanks! Really appreciate the comment! :)
Please a video for MEG
Thanks for this comment I am gonna be doing one of MEG eventually! I very briefly discuss it in my video at the Brain Centre at Cambridge University (which you can find on my channel, I can't put a link here or it will be deleted)
Hi @ZacharyCortex, which EEG cap did you use for your research and why?
Hi! Thanks for the question. Its the BrainProducts 64 Channel MR Conditional cap......honestly because at the beginning of my PhD that is what my supervisor told me the lab uses - mostly because it can be used safely with MRI and is reliable!
@@ZacharyCortex thank you so much!
any updates on you AI project, will love to join the effort, i'm searching for my nitch in the AI field
Currently working on it! Writing my thesis right now!
Thank you
You're most welcome!
thanks, it's help me alot to understand
Thank you for the comment you are very welcome!
Is EEG test safe for three months old baby?
Thank you for the comment - yes it is. It is actually safe on even younger babies - born premature, if doctors suspect neurological disease they may use EEG - along with other brain scans like MRI to investigate this further. Companies make mini EEG caps to suit a much smaller head size and they usually just have less channels/electrodes on them.
Hello i want your straight honest a truth but have you ever had to eeg test someone for 5 days straight in the hospital
Dose it seem normal to have such a long test or dose that sound abit funny to you?
Hello! Thanks for the question. People definitely undergo 5+ days of EEG testing in hospital. Where I have seen this is on whats called an EEG-telemetry ward at the hospital where I work that is used to record EEG and also video record people who are having seizures. Doctors can then use the EEG data with the video footage to help them investigate if they have epilepsy.............something like this may be done for other possible diseases although my research is epilepsy so don't know about whether this is typical for other diseases so much. Hope that helps!
Que buena explicación gracias :D
Eres muy bienvenido!
Thank you so much i understand it so clearly! I 😊had my EEG exam and am ok.🎉❤
Thank you for the comment you are so welcome!!
Very helpful thank you 🙏
Thank you for the comment you are very welcome!
Perfect
But music is so loud
Thanks for the comment! Fair play, I respect that. I think this was the third video I ever uploaded and still trying to figure out the right balance for music!
Best of luck
You have a good way of explaining things interestingly, keep up and thank you
@@fatinalkhdaidi Thanks so much I really appreciate that!
that was helpful
Great! Thanks for the comment :)
F A B U L U O S ! ! !
Thanks Judy!
MUSIC IS TOO LOUD AND DISRUPTIVE!! Videos like this should have no sound! Whats wrong with you!
Thanks for the comment but mate, this was my 4th video I ever made and published on my channel, constantly trying to improve so thanks for the feedback.