American Reacts Battle of Agincourt, 1415 AD (Part 2 / 2) ⚔️ Victory against the odds
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 15 มิ.ย. 2022
- Original Video: • Battle of Agincourt, 1...
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The first thing William the conqueror did after he invaded England was to hold a census for tax purposes .It still exists . It's called the Domesday Book
And 2,000 year old Carlisle is the only English city missing from that book. We'd gone on one of our many holidays to Scotland at that time!
That’s why my surname is the way it is because my ancestors had to change their name to sound more Norman so we could keep our land I don’t know what the original Anglo-Saxon version of it would be maybe Pyter?
The Battle of Hastings was 1066. The Doomsday Book wasn't commissioned until 1085. Hardly the first thing he done.
@@karenblackadder1183 Westmorland Cumberland Northumberland and the diocese of Durham weren’t included either.
That was hardly the first thing he did since it wasnt written till 20 years after hastings
Regarding the English bowmen, it is interesting to know that when they raised Henry VIII ship Mary rose they could indentify the bones of the archers because one arm bone was larger than the other and the bows found were so well preserved they could still be used.
until the Mary Rose was raised I think I am right in saying that there were only two authentic medieval Long Bows known to exist, now there are many with authenticated history !
"How did they know how many taxable citizens there were?"
Funnily enough all through history and all over the globe governments have never had a problem figuring that out. Even if they can't figure out how to govern with even a single iota of competence. I give you today as an example.
Most people lived on plantations or were owned by the lord's and barons, All William did was get The lord's and barons to fill in a census
The archers were generally aiming at a specific target, and usually hitting it, they were not just shooting their arrows into the air toward the enemy
He let them quietly talk amongst themselves and went into the line's to see how they felt,and to boost morale.
"A little touch of Harry in the night"
Shakespeare - Henry V ....... the St Crispin's Day Speech is one of the monuments of English literature. this is the final few lines ...........
We few, we happy few, we band of brothers;
For he to-day that sheds his blood with me
Shall be my brother; be he ne’er so vile,
This day shall gentle his condition:
And gentlemen in England now a-bed
Shall think themselves accursed they were not here,
And hold their manhoods cheap whiles any speaks
That fought with us upon Saint Crispin’s day
There have been studies that show the arrows did not kill that many. Most damage was done via mud and crowd dynamics. People slipped and either drowned in the sticky mud, crushed underfoot or were stabbed as they lay on the floor. You might enjoy the videos on TH-cam where they trial the arrows of the time against the French armour of the time. It’s interesting.
I’ve seen that also, but I’ve also seen tests that have shown certain arrow heads and flat trajectory could pierce armour. Suppose it all depends where it hits and angle. But the poor horses
@@damedusa5107 right but launches have to be purposly for précise targets, it wasnt the case here as i know
As a Brit, I'll admit, this gave me a semi.
It would be weird if it didn't! hahah
We are better at war than the frogs, the Italians run away and the Irish get drunk, the Germans are the only real test since the vikings... We English enjoy a fight....
@@Tigerland1962 we love the French nowadays though. Our centuries-long rivalry has resulted in a strong alliance. The French weren’t/aren’t bad at battle at all what are you on about💀💀they won many wars and colonised hugely
If you liked this, you should watch Kenneth Branagh's movie version of the Shakespeare play about Henry V and these battles, simply called "Henry V"
The movie 'The King' on Netflix filmed in Hungary is the best depiction of Agincourt many of us have ever seen and totally outshines Shakespeare's Kenneth Branagh/Laurence Olivier's versions of 'Henry V'. Oddly it is an American production but very good.
fuck all the movies, read the text and understand it, its better than any shitty movie thats highly edited. i bet you dont even know these parts of the speech.
"By Jove, I am not covetous for gold,
Nor care I who doth feed upon my cost;
It yearns me not if men my garments wear;
Such outward things dwell not in my desires:
But if it be a sin to covet honour,
I am the most offending soul alive.
No, faith, my coz, wish not a man from England:
God’s peace! I would not lose so great an honour
As one man more, methinks, would share from me
For the best hope I have. "
@@tugmckiltoff1564 oh I like it fine but I respectfully disagree about it "outshining" anything at all, yeah the battle scene was more detailed and realistic but that was the only thing it did better, and what was with that stupid bit at the end with French Princess Depp asking him what he had "achieved in any regard" as though Henry hadn't just brought her entire bloody country to it's knees and achieved all his war-goals?!
Anne Curry's numbers are now debatable with many Agincourt experts saying the numbers of French were closer to 20,000+ nearer to the accounts of the English and French chroniclers at the time. Her writing can at times feel a bit, not anti English, but she does like to tone down English/Welsh achievements in her writings.
1 - It was named after Agincourt and not the other town because there was a fort there.
2 - Archers did aim for the horses It's very hard to even get up again wearing full plate armor in the mud and even worse if there is a dead or injured horsed on top of you voiding its bowels everywhere...It also makes a nice roadblock for the cavalry coming right behind you.
3 - People were not shocked that they killed all the prisoners, they were shocked because they were French Nobels and therefore worth A LOT of Ransom money haha.
4 - I think they would notice a guy in a wagon carrying enough poison to kill thousands of horses.
Especially when he asks where all the Hey/Straw is and the jars say ''NOT LE HORSE POISON!''
The naming of the battle was agreed by English and French heralds after the bloodshed as was common during this period.
@@richardwest6358 Yeah, it's always been an odd thing to name battles, Waterloo was 3 miles away from the battle where Sir Arthur Wellesley had a hotel room to write the notes in haha
hey can we postpone the battle for a few weeks, we need to source poison and infiltrate the french encampment with it so we can try to poison the horses that are spread out throughout the camp. Oh the horses eat grass and the rain is washing the poison away? well hot damn that was a waste of 3 weeks and my army starved.
Crecy and Poitiers are at the beginning of the Hundred Years War (English under Edward III and the Black Prince). Agincourt is much later, under Henry V.
Shakespeare's "Henry V" includes the famous "band of brothers" speech that Henry V supposedly gave to the British troops prior to the battle of Agincourt.
It is this same speech that gave the title to the HBO series "band of brothers". Though the latter is about the US 101st airborne during WW2.
In the last episode of Band of Brothers you see a German Wehrmacht General ask if he can address his troops after they surrender and through Colonel Winters interpreter we hear him call his men a "Band of Brothers" This was a depiction of a real event witnessed by Winters and others from the 101's and it is understood that this phrase summed up how Easy Company felt about each other. Hence the title of the series.
The Wehrmacht General could of course have got the term from Shakespeare's Henry V but it is never mentioned.
@@shoutinghorse wrong. the phrase comes from shakespeare, both americans and germans of the time knew the phrase and origin. its the most famous speech in recorded history.
English not British
Many of the longbowmen fought naked from the waste down in this battle due to dysentry. Probably allowed them to poop and shoot simultaneously. 😅
The flags at the beginning show the English flag and the flag of Republican France which was not the French flag until several hundred years after the battle of Agincourt. It should be fleur de lis on a blue background.
The only census-like event from the Middle Ages that I've ever heard of is the Domesday Book. It was produced for William the Conqueror specifically so he knew how much he could tax the English.
Also, Harfleur is about 6 miles from Le Havre. According to Wikipedia, Le Havre was founded to replace both Harfleur and Honfleur as both of those ports had started silting up.
In England perhaps, in other nations it would have been more common.
Le Havre at that time, was the salt water swamp to the E of Harfleur ... not a good port yet.
I don't get why he quotes Anne Curry's researches about Agincourt for the French army numbers, 12,000, but no the English army, which she found, backed by other historians, was probably around 8,000 and 9,000. 6,000 seems far too low.
The numbers she gives for the english army are hotly contested by other historians. Her french numbers are generally considered reliable.
@@andrewshaw1571
Indeed, their point is that primary sources have already given a "credible assessment" of the numbers involved, which is one of the most ludicrous arguments I have ever heard.
@@lahire4943 fair
The battle itself wasn't that bad and the french had suffered worse defeats before and recovered, however it happened while the French were in civil war and this caused them to almost collapse.
"The battle wasn't that bad" ! The death roles of the cream of French nobility beg to differ.
@@richardwest6358 I mean in comparison to Courtrai, Crecy, Poitiers etc
Bernard Cornwell book Agincourt is well worth reading as an historical fiction of this battle...
EDIT : Calvary was almost unused in this battle due to the ground being such a muddy mess. Plus - the French were attacking uphill, so those on horseback, by all accounts, regretted their decision.
I have been to Agincourt and it is well worth a visit. The museum there is very good and the French have no partisan ideas when describing what happened.
Imagine if Henry V outlived the king of France, he would of inherited the country and history would be changed forever
I don't think the French nobility would have let that happen.
@@gs7828 they might not have had much choice with him still around
Just outliving him wouldn't have been enough.
1. The real problem was that is heir was a child (not to mention other problems that he probably inherited from his grandfather, the king of France).
2. So, didn't he have to outlive, but outlive long enough to consolidate his power in France and discard other possible heirs, like the Dauphin Charles. Which wasn't that an easy task since the opposition - not so much from the French nobility, but also and more importantly - from the bourgeoisie and gentry, was fierce.
3. The whole thing was possible because Henry's alliance with the Duke of Burgundy (who controlled not only Burgundy but much of northeastern France and current Benelux... so a very, very rich guy) who had a strong influence over a big part of the French nobility and cities. His support guaranteed some stability and always has been a real obstacle in Charles VII's path (actually, the latter got his kingdom really back only when the Burgundians changed side and decided to kick the English out). Even with Henry V living, the switching side could have happened, making his position on the continent complicated. It even would have happened sooner than later, since Duke Philip's main goal was to avoid having too powerful neighbours. So, the squabble for supremacy in France and a weak child king was very much of his liking... if one of the contestant would have become too powerful, he probably would have done everything possible to weaken its position (not too much, though, to make sure the squabble continues as long as possible).
4. Don't overestimate Henry V. He was indeed a fine ruler and commander, but Agincourt was an incredible course of action mixing luck and, mainly, his opponents' incompetence (that really was incredible: they did every single possible mistake they could have done... not only before battle, but also during battle. While king Henry, on his side, did very few mistake and couldn't have chosen a better plan of action, considering his situation). As the following events have shown, by anihilating the French chivalry, Henry V made way for "new men" in France, open to new kind of warfare. In the matter of 1 to 2 decades, it was the English army that was obsolescent.
In conclusion, there was too many things at stake to say that a surviving Henry V would certainly could have maintained his grip on France for very long (he could, with a very smart policy... which could have become very unpopular in England). He was for sure an exceptional human, but not superhuman...
Dysentry involves bleeding from the gut as well as diahorrea, so bleeding to death, (and maybe sepsis of the blood too?) is involved, as well as dehydration. It used to be called "the Bloody Flux".
Another good one to react to is the Battle of Bannockburn (1314) fought between Scotland and England.
Or Culloden lol
@@markscouler2534 Yep, good one - but not really Scotland-vs-England though. Not strictly speaking.
trusted squires feed the horses (normally younger nobles)
Just for info... the longbow which was 5 to 6ft when not strung was a far more powerful weapon than the little bows you see mounted fighters use.. as a result.. they were very hard to pull and english archers right arm was far more developed because of practice (compulsory every sunday afternoon after church) since childhood.
lol that opening with the false sneeze is epic
The horse poisoning question is an interesting one, I’m certain it has been used innumerable times but I would have thought that a spy would be difficult to get anywhere near the French line unless he was embedded into the French army, also getting hold of poisons strong enough to kill even a 1000 horses back then would’ve been very esoteric knowledge indeed let alone potent enough that you could carry it without anyone noticing.
Like I said it would’ve been very common to poison water and supplies and deliver an opponent supplies that are poisoned. The European houses were bound by chivalry and strategy’s like that were a way to find the rest of Europe looking to dethrone you
Fun fact: the two-finger insult/hand gesture is thought to have come from this battle/war. The French King swore he would cut off the fore- and middle- finger (the fingers used to draw the bowstring) of every English bowman when they were captured. However when the English won, the archers held up their fingers to the French as a taunt.
Both the origin of this hand gesture and the claim that the French would cut the two middle fingers of the prisoners are most likely a myth
Was actually the Scots who always cut off English fingers
Its bogus. For one thing you need at least 3 fingers to draw a war bow. Its sheer nonsense and myth
In the middle ages a general rule of thumb was that commoners were unlikely to be taken prisoner it was only the nobility that was worth taking for ransome so the 2 fingers is meaningless if you have had your head removed
I got taught this at school in the UK in the late 60's. Some have dismissed this explanation, but is there a better explanation for the origin of the two finger salute, it came from somewhere
Each lord was responsible for the collection of taxes. You could only live in the lords domain with his permission.
The bodies of English Bowmen show that their bodies were almost deformed by the constant training with the bow which required great strenght to draw.Their skeletons having over-developed shoulder and arm bones to compensate for the growth of muscle around those areas.
Arrr.! Agincourt - I remember as though it was yesterday .
That close to the coast the river will be deep and tidal with lots of deep mud at low tide. Not conducive to an easy crossing.
Mark Stott: Especially when the enemy are following you on the opposite river-bank.
As briefly mentioned in the video, the French nobility were both horrified and indignant that they were vulnerable to mere peasants with longbows, the original 'artillery' that changed the nature of warfare forever. Captured English/Welsh longbowmen had their index and middle fingers removed before being ransomed, to ensure that they could never use one again.
It's not the only theory on its origin, but it's believed by many that the globally recognised 'two-fingered salute' as a derogatory gesture stems from the hundred years war, when longbowmen would raise those two fingers aloft during the insulting phase that preceded most battles to taunt their opponents, showing that they still had theirs, and were about to use them. I really hope that's true, because the idea of 'putting the v's' on an enemy before battle, in the modern context, I find hilarious.
The French would not have had a croissant because they are from 1683 - the siege of Vienna (thanks to the Polish there), but I enjoyed the joke. And let's be honest, the French had a skinny bloke in a beret and stripey jumper who spent his time trying to escape from an invisible box while the English had Monty Python and a good supply of coconuts.
With respect to your view on surrendering mid battle, the issue with slaughtering foes who have surrendered is that it discourages anyone from surrendering.
That is true, ^oo^
Surrender was only an option for nobles, they expected to be well treated and ransomed. British archers, not so much, just scum of the Earth, they have no estate, so no ransom for them. Of course in the Branagh version of Henry V ... there is 'cut purse" activity mid battle for the lower ranks.
yup its a double edged sword, you will discourage others from surrendering but as seen at agincourt it can also discourage them from wanting to fight at all
or makes them run at the start !
Bacillary dysentery, or shigellosis, is caused by bacilli of the genus Shigella. Symptomatically, the disease ranges from a mild attack to a severe course that commences suddenly and ends in death caused by dehydration and poisoning by bacterial toxins.
Having caught shigella while visiting Egypt (in 2008), I can confirm that it is painful and debilitating! Also, treatments like Imodium are positively harmful, because they cause the bacteria and hence the toxins to be retained in the gut, rather than expelled
A US academic has shown that those with Norman surnames are still richer than those without them, almost 1,000 years later.
Henry gets stick for executing the prisoners but, in doing so, he effectively forced the 3rd wave to retreat and in so doing saved many more lives. People love to criticise tough decisions negatively but there are reasons why they are made, it isn't simply to be horrible.
For Boucicault, the Marshal of France who was killed at Agincourt, it was the second time he'd been in an army which launched a frontal attack on an enemy with a lot of missile troops who had erected field defences. The first time was against the Ottomans at Nicopolis in 1396. Didn't work them and didn't work this time either.
Whether he had much input into the battle-plan is another question. It's possible the arrival of the King and the main army the day before the battle meant that the French didn't go into it with much planned; the King didn't know the situation and the Constable who had been there with his part of the army facing King Henry didn't have full authority to implement his plan, though some parts of it went ahead like the attempt to get a force through the forest into the English rear.
You should watch Kenneth Brannagh's Henry V. The best versions of Shakespeares play and all about Harflour and Ajincourt. It's a fantastic film and I have watched it about a dozen times. Looking forward to the next time as well!
Good reaction. Keep it up. God knows we need some joy.
Worth mentioning the long range powerful longbow was a Welsh invention around 1180 - it was the decisive weapon in this battle, ^oo^
The welsh bow was made out of wych elm. Using yew was an english thing. Most of the archers came from Cheshire and Lancashire
Logistical nightmare an Army crossing a river somme. It's deep! The caravan( baggage train), the rear of his force can't cross it.
4:40 Usually some sort of record was maintained. Taxes were often colected not per person, but per family. In Poland, for example, there was a tax called "podymne" which was collected for every furnace inside a house. Its also important to understand there were no government tax office. Rights to collect a tax were sold to people, who were responsible usually for collecting certain amount of tax, and anything they collected on top of that was theirs.
Horses naturally eat grass. They do not need someone to feed them. The native British breeds seem to be able to thrive on the poorest grazing imaginable.
Connor, you have the potential to be a great military strategist.
I bought Front and Rear Dash Cams. I don't know why because I don't have a Car. I thought you were doing a very bad dance of YMCA. Here are two French Letters for you, 'Le', use them well.
6:22 Le Havre is bordering the west of Harfleur, which is still a city of its own and part of Le Have urban area
It kept bugging me the way the narrator constantly said ‘Honflor’
Agincourt, the ‘t’ is silent
Battle of Crecy, during Edward the Third reign, in the Hundred Years war. A half a century before!
5th Regiment Royal Northumberland Fusiliers charged cavalry with fixed bayonets. Consequently they earned the name the "Fighting Fifth". Informed a Canadian NCO doing military history at my university as I put him in his sleeping quarters, he did not know of the unit history as he was seconded too as he still had to keep up his military training, but it was an ice breaker to fit in. P.S I couldn't pick up his Bergan and i was a fit bloke.
Harfleur is a few kilometres downstream from Le Harve.
when you say don't make rash decisions... but I have this rash and I'm not sure what to do ... ok just taking the piss lol
The battle of Agincourt mirror the Greek Persian battle popularised as the 300 , The French like the Persians fought through a narrow channel ,while the smaller English Army effectively knew they could not be outflanked ,The French picked a narrow channel to fight through, And The English victory was only aided due to French military incompetence,😉😉😉
October 24th/25th. Battle of Agincourt. Charge of the Light Brigade and the Battle of El Alamein. 24th is also my birthday.
They were doing census 400 years before this. If you look at the doomsday book, its essentially a census of every single person, farm, animal and building in England, commissioned by William the Conqueror, or Bastard, who was of course from Normandy in France. They had being doing this for many years.
As regards your remark about Paul Revere (10.21) , he actually said ''the regulars are coming'', given that many people still saw themselves as British at that time.
The French had hired some Genoese(?) crossbowmen. But, these bows took so long to reload and any advantage they had over the longbow was easily discounted. Henry's aristocrats were very reluctant to kill the French aristocratic prisoners because they would be ransomed and monies received would go towards expansion/improvement of their castles in England. The ordinary English soldier stepped forward and slaughtered them. The French were, and still are, outraged that their aristocrats were killed by peasants. Ha ha. They really are a farce - that Revolution was a middle-class, bourgeois revolution.
Yeah at this period randsom was a Big deal
27:55 that would had have to be Cantarella, the slow-working Italian poison. Anything other than that would be too obvious. But the main component, the mushroom chanterelle might have been off season and therefore unattainable.
It's recorded that one person was killed by English artillery fire at the battle. But it doesn't mention the nationality and it could as easily been an English gunner as French soldier as the cannons of this time were prone to exploding and killing the gun crew.
As an experienced longbow archer myself at short range aimed fire on individuals at 30-40 yards is possible
Paddy Main was in the SAS in the second World War, attacked a German Airfield, as the planes were being destroyed, he and a detachment of Troops bust into the pilots canteen and killed all the pilots .Total war .
"That is the way"
6:22 "Harfleur was the principal seaport in north-western France for six centuries, until Le Havre was built about five kilometres (three miles) downstream." (i.e. more to the West)
9:19 crecy was 1346, so 69 years ealier.
PS It's haVRe, not harve. ;-)
Retreating archers on horseback, is standard Persian battle. Croissants were brought to France, from Vienna, by Marie Antoinette. Baguettes would be available back then ;-) Your watchers may enjoy "Astonishing Anglo-Saxon Burial Ground Found By HS2 Archaeologists" ... a brand new early Anglo-Saxon cemetery.
Watch the movie Henry V with Lawrence Olivier (who also produced and directed it). Its taken from Shakespeare's play so that is the script and Olivier does the Henry V speech on horseback to the men on the morning of the battle. (Stirring stuff!)
In full colour, it's just like you're at the battle. Camera work in the battle scenes are amazing. It's a long movie.
First saw it when I was 9/10 yrs old and loved it ever since.
Harfleur, Connor, is modern-day Harfleur. Surprise !!
You should do the Ottoman vs Portuguese war by Kings and generals in the future, it's 1 of my favourites
I think if I remember correctly, the French king died one week later. If it had been the other way round, France would have been English.
Our monarchs on their coronation, where 'crowned' the King/Queen of France [after England] all the way up to the 1800's or so.
We never gave up our legal right until then.
Wrong, England would've been French, france was far more populated, wealthy and powerful, Engkand would've just been French
@@Heisenberg882 It already was, after William the Bastard ;-)
@@williambranch4283 no it wasnt. William was as much an enemy of the French king as he was of England
When I think of Agincourt, the first thing that comes to my mind is mud.
Hey Connor definitely watch the documentary on Timeline Agincourt.It tells you about the people that were involved within the battle.
And for one thing as you should look also on the battle of Townton.During the war of the Roses which no quarter was given Unbelievable so many men hacked to pieces on both sides.
I think something like 4% of England's entire male population died at the Battle of Towton.
Just read Agincourt by Bernard Cornwell
Harfleur is still there. So is Agincourt - spelled in French Azincourt.
Harfleur now borders the Le Havre urban area and is roughly 5 to 6 miles from the centre of Le Havre. It is a small town of it's own but comes under the administration of Le Havre.
A fact that is obvious from a map
@@richardwest6358 Which comes in handy if and when you visit that region.
Harfleur is still there ..... Le Havre was deleoped later a few miles nearer the mouth of the estuary and the modern city has grown to encompass the ancient city so it's now part of the Le Havre urban area
you tax the local lord and they can sort it out
Harfleur is still called Harfleur.. its sister town is Honfleur
Henry 5 th greatest king we ever had
Medieval sensus = "doomsday book" Barons taxed peasants for farming their land and the treasury taxed the barons . It's fairly easy . The barons would never not collect their taxes , same can be applied to the royal treasury.
14:26 I think it’s named after Agincourt purely because it was the larger of the towns, or maybe because a Lord lived there making it more important than Tramecourt.
RicardoAvocado: It was actually fought at AZincourt (with a "Z") as pointed out in Bernard Cornwall's book. It is also on Google maps with the correct spelling if you zoom in to the battle site. There IS a place called AGincourt but it's many miles away to the East near the city of Nancy.
In those day people had much quieter minds..And remember England and wales had an archer culture..The archers were supremely confident.. (probably)
It was law for them to train at archery at least once a week i believe which is why the England and Welsh became some of the best bowmen in history and undeniably the best longbowmen
You would probably be very interested in the YT channel Tod's Workshop. Tod Cutler arms expert has done quote a lot of videos regarding arrows v armour of this time period.
The French have never got over it.
We won the hundred years War in the end, but yes, It is still painful 😅😉
Agincourt was proof a peasant army could take on a army of heavily armoured nobles/upper class. At the time every English citizen was required to practice archery due to being cheap and allowing all to defend the country if invaded it was proven to be very effective.
Plesants untrained bowmen ? Do you believe fantasies tales
Up until Henry IV came to the throne only Norman French was spoken at the royal court and in all official business. Latin was the lingua franca of Europe.
Le Harve is on the other side of the estuary
Harfleur is modern day Harfleur and Le Havre is modern day Le Havre.
Why the battle of Agincourt. Agincourt is a castle fortification not an open village therefore it had a higher status
Watch the TH-cam post by Metatron, "Three reasons why you shouldn't try to kill the horse,"
English nobles speak French even today the royal family are fluent in French
For many countries, and in particular such a large country as France, in the Middle Ages, taxation was as very "iffy" business, because their were no censuses or even accurate population figures to base a revenue on. Only a ballpark figure could be ascertained, and so the revenue of taxes could be (and often was) very variable.
In England Domesday Book had identified all manner of people, possessions, land, Mills and natural resourses. This made taxation (a) possible and (b) relatively accurate.
Capita tax was hard, yes. Tax by hectares, less hard. But this is why tax could be ruinous in every civilization back to Egypt, because if there was a poor crop (which is what you paid your taxes in) ... you starved.
It's nice to hear that Welsh archers got a mention. 🏴🏴
Fighting for England great lol
There’s lovely.
Harfleur is modern day Harfleur
Quite, Connor, there were no other fordable crossing along the Somme, and I'm certain that the King of England and the Constable of France knew that too. Give them some credit, do.
May not want to pick a suspiciously undefended river crossing in the middle of an enemy a battle line while their main army is poised to encircle you.
You are thinking in todays terms of taxing people, at the time of this peasants and serfs did not pay taxes as they had no money to speak of, it the land oweners and the rich who would be taxed. The peasants and serfs would work the land for the owners, and be granted a small amount food and a place to live, maybe a small room.
So you would not need to know how many poeple lived there just, who owned the land, which was easy, you just looked for the houses that where nice and not a hovel.
Bloons is a Classic
Why is the E from England in Wales?
If Henry hadn't died, instead living another 10 or 20 years, there could well have been a long term union between England and France. As it was his son, although technically heir to the French throne and who was crowned King of France on the death of the old French King, was just too young. He became King of England and Ireland at less than a year of age and King of France at age 7. If Henry had lived another 7 or 8 tears, the French crown would likely have been secured.
Yes it had absolutely peed it down the night before, the French were giving battle before Henry reached Calais in the stupidest circumstances possible. Don't forget this is a time when none tax payers could lose parts. 17:50 no that would be a bad idea as the French are about to defeat themselves. From the book about Agincourt by Sir Ranulf Fiennes we have a sitch where all the leading French nobles crammed into the first division for the glory. Leaving nobody with any authority to run the 2nd. When the English didn't break when the 1st division hit the 2nd division should have held back. its piling in created compression, the French becoming so tight packed they could not raise their arms to use their weapons. From there on all the English had to do was kill........ End.
There were 4 great English victories. Crecy in 1346. Poitiers in 1356, Agincourt in 1415 and the forgotten one Verneui in 1424 where Henry's brother, John Duke of Bedford, leading an Anglo-Burgundian army annihilated a Franco-Scottish army.
I must add that of course that I will have to first download and install it on the PC and learn to use it. And it tells you to open it on your phone and hit linked devices, I don't have a smart phone I'm afraid Connor so no Whatsapp for me.
Henry V was the first Norman king to use English as an official language at court, since Harold. So he is a literal icon. Remember, this is Catholics vs Catholics ... not that Marxist revisionism. Land tax, not capita tax. The land and improvements were well known, at least to the local nobles. Parliament taxed towns, the king taxed nobles. Capita tax would be paid in money, and nobody had any. Land tax was paid with agricultural produce. There are good detailed studies as to how English villages actually functioned. In this year, a man at arms with my name, was with the English garrison in S France at Bordeaux. How can I know? Some of the enlistment records have survived!
I thought that his father,Henry the 4th was the first to use English as the language of court🤔
@@cymro6537 Maybe