Alan Guth - How Vast is the Cosmos?
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 16 พ.ค. 2024
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Everyone knows that the universe is huge, but no one could have imagined how staggeringly immense the universe, or multiple universes, may actually be. It stops your breath. How to get a measure of the size of the cosmos? What would it mean if the cosmos were literally infinite?
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What is truly amazing (and fortunate) is that human beings have the capacity to think and contemplate these profound questions.
Spot on, Thomas. Agree.
@@Ambienfinity agreed!
Some humans
It is astonishing how smart (and dumb) the human race can be.
the main question is what's behind this what we call universe, or what is this universe a part of. If I knew what it was I couldn't care less about how it works
guth strikes me as the kinda genius who has to make a real effort to slow down and simplify the way he normally thinks in order to have conversations with other people, even when the other people are very smart
Amazing! If everyone knew and understood these concepts even a little, we might be learn to dismantle our egos, and work together to improve our human condition.
This is unacceptable. War is peace. Ignorance is freedom. Our way of existence was is and will be to create by destruction.
Why would the realization that we are insignificant little nobodies in an insignificant pocket universe be humanity's rally point? 🎃
@@Buzz_Kill71 Sadly, these facts would probably never become a rallying point since too many are unable to think critically, much less practice common sense. But those who possess a desire for self-improvement and who strive to expand their minds have a real opportunity to grow here.
@@Kritiker313 I do believe the area CTT delves deeply into that might be effective for the dormant thinkers is "consciousness"! The fact that we are aware. Perhaps the cosmos is vast, but at this moment, humans are all we see as intelligent life. The random violence, hatred, resource wasting/hoarding must be stopped, willingly. The teaching of our uniqueness would penetrate many more minds if presented as school curricula instead of the curiosity based access you and I currently excercise.
Alan Guth is one of my heroes.
“Space is big. You just won't believe how vastly, hugely, mind-bogglingly big it is. I mean, you may think it's a long way down the road to the chemist's, but that's just peanuts to space.” Douglas Adams
And even 'that'.....is just a mind-bogglingly pathetic comparison!!
Mustard seeds, which aren’t actually the smallest of seeds.
@@audreygatey1274 "Ow! My brains!" Z.B.
It's fantastic listening to really, really clever people like Alan Guth speaking - a nice reminder that there is hope for the human race - and tremendously thought-provoking.
Nodge X ..... Really?? clever people?? What a moron to call great minds such as Alan Guth.....'clever'!!
You're a conceited fool..!!
Larry Slemp Chill out, Larry. This is why you don’t have any friends.
Larry Slemp why is someone a moron for calling someone else clever? Seems kinda pedantic to do so.
"a nice reminder"
Not so fast...
For each Alan Guth humanity makes a million Trumps, a million Blairs, a million George Bushes...
You get the idea, that is a tremendously concerning reality of life.
@@acidbot666 Lame.
I love this youtube channel
Thank you. We always appreciate kind words about our work. Please check out our site - www.ClosertoTruth.com - for even more content!
Auditory Entertainment I subbed just because of this comment.
It’s highly underrated
@@CloserToTruthTV you is are is are is are fulmptterr
Sir observable univers is complete univers please reply me iam big fan you
The vastness is just mind boggling ..just was thinking about this video tonight as I was hiking looking at the stars 🤩
Alan Guth, unlike a lot of very high-functioning scientists/physicists/theologians, is also articulate and mindful that he is speaking to people who may not share his unique knowledge. He's easy to follow and yet he's not pandering.
Nor is the interviewer, who is well versed in the science, yet making it intelligible to the average listener.
''We are significant to ourselves, we give life is significance''- Alan Guth
Ahmed Nabil Read it as he said it.😉
We're living thru an age where ignorance is perhaps considered a virtue. This channel should have millions of subscribers but there are only 22,000. What a shame.
Anything worth having was never easy. Most people still can't understand this let alone aren't scared by it.
How right you are...We are so lucky to live in an age where knowledge is so freely available but what most aspire to is the mundane. There was a time when the true stars of the age were the scientists, inventors, explorer...sadly now its the pop stars...how could this have happened!
+ for the attention of Bredah Jake
I suppose you're one of the privileged princes yourself?
Greetings your majesty, may I kiss your ring?
PifflePrattle...You made my day...
The interviewer is a bit annoying.
I am glad Professor Guth understood my teachings.
Got to be worth a subsciption
Great upload
TY for posting
It’s humbling to know that people posses the ability to truly discuss and reason with one another about theory’s so deep and complex. #Mindblowing
Absolutely incredible.
Beautiful
What a pleasure to listen to Allan
I remember teaching Alan Guth and I’m glad to see he’s gone on and done well with the knowledge he received from me.
one of the best channel yes.
incredibly gratifying to hear this, it invokes the same emotional response as I get from some music
Talking eloquently about things that are impossible to know is an artform. My boss is very good at it. I need to learn.
It's not impossible to know. It's based on math and observable evidence
Right. Scientists are limited because reproducible experiments cannot be performed especially when talking about the size of the cosmos. The speed of light isn't fast enough to overcome the expansion rate.
Priests are good at it.
This channel has to be my all time favourite. I can learn and absorb so much knowledge here....I find my mind expanding all the time, although not exponentially...perhaps just a little inflated at times. 😊
Total Awe...and so wonderful. So inflation started sometime and somewhere before our humble pocket universe appeared. We and an infinite number of others are just admiring spectators. Thanks Alan, for bringing this to us.
inflation just makes the maths look better it has no reality outside of accademia.
Amazingly clear and understandable and totally fascinating!!! 👏👏❤️
♥️
What a great channel!!!!
This has to be the interview that Tim & Eric's "The Universe" sketch is based on. And I couldn't be happier that I just randomly discovered it.
My head and mind is inflating when I listen to this!
Amazing video.
Best stuff on TH-cam
The Philosophical Consequences of these theories are so import.I wish everyone watched this video to understand how stupid it is to waste our life on annoying each other!
Walter! Put that cow away, time to go to work... Agreed!
What consequence is it to anyone if the universe is much much bigger, or if we live in a universe or a multiverse?
walter bishop people’s egos can’t see past that
walter bishop
-- The size of the universe has no direct import on the meaning of life.
One consequence is that, since anything that can happen - anything with a non-zero probability - must happen. Since you (or I, or anyone else) had a non-zero probability of being, we were all necessary beings who *must* have come into existence at some point in spacetime. Also, any fictional character that can physically and logically exist actually does exist in some part of spacetime. There are probably some other philosophical implications, but that's enough for now.
this man makes my brain go into overdrive. even if the observable universe is an event horizon beyond which an unimaginable omniverse exists, humankind has achieved something meaningful: we know the universe exists, and given the unlikelihood we will ever encounter an alien sentient life form, this is vanishingly exceptional if not unique. even the observable (or unobservable) universe doesn't know it exists.
Yes, it knows it exists. We are the universe and we realize it exists therefore the universe knows it exists.
Well said! Me being aware of my insignificance, seems more significant than an entire galaxy not aware of its significance
It means nothing if mankind doesnt get off Earth.
The best TH-cam channel I have ever come across..such high quality content.
Exactly what I've always tried to explain to my friends!
Me too. Trouble was it was usually after copious amounts of alcohol or some other mind altering substance had been imbibed and or ingested so I never sounded quite as smart as this guy. But I was quite impressed by my brilliance at the time let me tell you! 👍
Humans have always underestimated the grandness and the vastness of the universe, and always over estimated the puniness and tininess of their non existing gods.
Alan Guth - one of the lost Beatles.
I don't think I can comprehend this completely in any significant way but if he's right... wow.
James Webb Space Telescope will be a game changer when it captures the cosmos. June 2022 we should see our first images. 🤙🏻
Some of this has changed since it was filmed. For one, all agree that the energy in empty space is huge. Lesson: dont be too sure
What are you saying is inaccurate in the video?
@@danielfairlyjr.456 He’s talking about when exactly inflation stopped (when it stopped *in our universe if pocket universes) , or is tapering off to nothing and immeasurable and balances the energy of gravity. It does not balance the energy of gravity. assuming inflation theory is correct and it happened. But they now know it’s still happening and is measurable (and a very small constant but a LOT of total energy given the size of the universe. In other words, we know the cosmological constant.
@Lord Methane When you get at this level, there is a LOT of theory and a small amount of data. I would not use the word "trust', it is theory, not fact. It is a fact the earth rotates around the sun for example. But we don't even REALLY know the universe is exapanding and the rate, it has so little data that when we discover new data it can lead to different theories.
I think the 'dark energy' theory is NOT something 'all' agree exists.
Mind blown 🤯
Interesting theory, mind blown
And of course not forgetting the fairly recent revelation that the observable actually contains a revised up 2T galaxies as opposed to 125B.
Its galaxies all the way down.
Can someone explain how ~1g of matter can inflate? unless energy/space is coming from somewhere else?
Is it correct or incorrect to say that energy/space in the "multi-universe" is fixed/finite; and only regions can inflate/deflate- but no net change for the whole multiverse?
Brian Green can. Actually, any number of books go over inflation. Basically (and from memory) you need only start with a very tiny patch with an enormous energy density. Once that inflates to universe size, the decay of the field causing the inflation will fill the new space with energy (that creates hot dense matter). The hypothesis is that the energy released is the same as the gravitational potential energy, meaning the net energy is zero.
No, it is not correct. Nobody postulated an unchanging volume. Rather, new space is being created.
Er....yeah!
Interesting stuff.
Let's all get on and share with love this domain.
my ketamine plug is dry this weekend so im taking guth theories straight to the dome
Compound interest
What do they mean when they say gravity cancels out energy. So all the energy in space is zero or close to zero.
I believe in Alan!
The grains of rice doubling on 64 squares would result in:
4,617,054,686,587,387,904 grains on the 64th square;
A total of 9,234,109,373,174,775,808 grains on the whole board.
This is also how many ancestors we each have, in 65? generations.
hehe that really shows how much inbreeding there is :P
no..... obviously.
No because people appear multiple times in your family tree. But how can this be. We’d all be related. Well guess what. We are. At one time our common ancestor gene pool was just circa 8,000 individuals or less.
I like Alan, he speaks in a way that you can comprehend. I like Roger Penrose, too but he speaks 1000ft over my head.
Our mind can't even comprehend the vastness of our universe and reality
My penis spans 20trillion light years beyond the observable universe and through inflation of the universe I’m happy to report its expanding I’m girth and length faster than the speed of light.
But we must continue to try.
hruiz6633 The average ‘down to earth’ egoic mind is typically caught up with triviality. Most don’t give the universe its dues because a) they don’t understand, b) they don’t have time for it, c) they’re a little bit thick... present company excepted.
Christian Reptilian yeah we got it the first time you commented the same shit 2 months apart. Good for you.
delatroy 😂
Thanks for presenting these interviews with Alan Guth. Inflation can explain a lot. At the time when mass and gravity appear, and large masses are accumulated, the mass that is no longer within our visible horizon could have had an influence on the mass within our horizon through gravitation. Isn't this a possible source of what is now described as "dark energy"?
I'm curious about what does the first microsecond of the universe can be or even if it can be a thing at all since before there was an earth that revolve around a sun and us to develop the concept of a second that is tied to the speed of the earth/sun system, there would be no way to determine the duration of a second. You can say then, what about an atomic clock? Well, then again, this can track time accurately at our scale on earth, but what is the frequency of an atom from which we could measure the duration of a second before such atom was ever created or ever existed at all?
What was a second before there was time to define it?
Read up on the current definition of a second, based on atomic clocks. All physical processes have particular time rates. Also consider the speed of light: to say it has a speed means you have a concept of time measurement.
There was time then, time is needed for what they have observed, and they have made a claim as to how much time passed. Obviously time was a thing before stars and planets formed. Otherwise there would be no "before stars and planets formed." The duration of a second or a microsend was the same then as it is now, those words do not change meanings. Apologies if I'm making your question out to be way more stupid than it is.
There could have been multiple big bangs resulting in galaxies of pocket universes out there. Great video!
Before the pocket universes were created, before the Big Bang, what was there? An infinitely large dead space? And the question we cannot even comprehend the answer to: how did that infinitely large dead space get there? And what type of coincidence occurred that created the Big Bang?
I am impressed 10^32 times. :>)
Hot damn. Loved this
Amazing person! What a task it would be for us in the future to colonize all of this vastness!
I hope not
Time and space are thought constructs of the physical human being. In real reality they do not exist.
I think whatever civilization that exists at that point will be anything but human regardless if they are descended from us
It depends on the definition of "human". Obviously, they will not be homo sapiens, but the beings and entities that are going to colonize the universe will still have their ultimate origin on planet Earth and represent our civilization.
@@serbanmike and your evidence? Nothing but crickets I’ll bet. But I’ll grant you an audience. So, we await.
Nice
Biggely big. It's so vast as to quantify its vastness would be doing it a disservice.
How much energy is needed to expand a universe?
Entertaining to listen and interesting to study for some, but it falls under much bigger category of So What. What value does an estimated size of reality deliver? Help me out.
An estimate. That's what it delivers. As he stated "If Inflation Theory" is correct.... Not every pursuit of knowledge ends up being of benefit... but it happens.
Somewhere along the infinite scaling up of 'pocket universes', groups of pocket universes, etc.. there must be a scale at which the pattern repeats. Quantum physics, constructed of bits with uncertainty and field characteristics. A multiverse acting like a wave function underneath a universe that's part of a much larger multiverse. it's not like there's a limited number of arrangements possible as long as we're considering an infinite production of universes. How big would a multiverse have to get before it becomes a singularity? Or, at least a rapidly inflating one?
Looks like universe is a fractal !!
Veeranna A.Y . Haha i just asked the same question. It does sound like the “pocket” universes are really the branches of the fractal ? The fractal is a copy of the whole so idk how to explain how each new pocket universe could be different (Peter Parker with blond hair) than in the next assuming the universe is infinite ?
How long did it take for the universe, if time was slower right after the start of the universe? For us it took 10^-37 seconds. But how long did it take from the perspective of the universe? If space is relative, time is too, right?
"For us" and "for the universe" would be the same thing in this case.
make a video about what his saying. couldnt grasp it to my mind...
Mind = boggled.
What amazes me is that there was a central point from where the big bang occurred and we only see it from one side. North, South, East, West from the central point. 🤯
I have a huge nerd crush on Alan Guth. He is brilliant
Perhaps it is only a matter of time before mankind discovers that truth is simple and self-evident.
It's not pure speculation. It's based on a theory that has some empirical support, although it has a ways to go before all physicists accept it.
Not sure about empirical evidence ( please, tell us what you understand about your empirical evidence) however, what are the alternatives? Brute fact? Created by entity, God, alien or otherwise? Only 4 choices says Susskind. The circular god arguments are the weakest of them all, for just that reason & logic alone.
What gets me is there is most likely another one of me out there having the life i always wanted and has just bought himself a new galaxy. I guess i should thank the universe for giving me those probabilities.
Almost nearly.....but not quite hardly!!
What I gather from this is that cosmology is the most speculative of sciences. So many models and hypotheses, how can we possibly know?
At 7:30 The way i think i understand this is that the distance of the expansion is so vast and far apart that it seems as if it were exceeding the speed of light...
It is... Einstein was dead wrong!
any one remember how much per mile two/five/ten ton road barrier cost?
...believe me, self awareness consciousness is significant....
The cosmos is so big that we shouldn't weary if we could see it our travel it in a life time, just like seeing the 10,000 lakes in Minnesota.
What year was this recorded?
Fast forward to 2017'. It now stands at: 2 trillon universes that have been recently discovered in the Cosmos.
Galaxies.
Is energy not an absolute value?
I understand the inflation keeps going. I dont understand where the new matter comes from. If these so called pocket universe's continue being created for infinity, does the matter in all of these extra universes come from separate big bangs? Or was it it created in the initial universe? No one explaining eternal inflation explains this. Was infinite matter created in the initial big bang?
I wonder if these pocket universes self-contained and isolated or whether they are continuous with everything.
If you put 2 mirrors facing each other, you see the other mirror reflected and it goes on. Is it infinity?
Each time the image is reflected, a few photons are absorbed, making the reflection a little dimmer, so that it contains no photons after a few thousand bounces.
A "perfect mirror," one that reflects 100% of the photons that strike it, exists only in theory. Even the best mirrors absorb some photons.
There’s still so much we don’t know. We are barely tipping the iceberg of what reality really is. We will be thinking and rethinking these theories,but the reality of the universe will be so strange,that are brains will barely be able to comprehend it.But we can say,there are only so many ways particles can arrange themselves,and if there are infinite universes,there must certainly be countless other “You”s living countless alternate realities.Its astonishing..
I want to thank Robert for consistently using "enormity" as if it were a synonym for "enormousness". I don't get many chances to break out my Inigo Montoya impression these days.
The only way any of these vast distances and volumes can be explained is if we all live in a simulation and reality is just a stream of data. Only then you can "build" any universe of any size and theorize about it.
What if we lived in a galaxy right next to the edge of our bubble Universe? Would it just be nothing beyond the edge? Would Spacetime still exist in between the bubbles?
And to say that all this started of the size of a tiny speck,
If you are not baffled by that then you are not “understanding” it,
And just saying it was really dense doesn’t help make it easier to understand
To say that there are an infinite number of pocket universes, while not being incorrect, doesn't really give an expletive to what the theory really predicts; if accurate, which I think it is, eternal inflation predicts that an infinite number of pocket universes are being created for every increment of time in which reality exists.
Why couldn’t the beginning be a black hole that at certain point reaches maximum size and density and boom. The expansion may be coming out of the black hole or something similar, not a tiny tiny point.
That is my theory. Stupent in 2065 will show evidence that it is correct...;)
It's sad that most of the comments are similar to the words of the global warming deniers or flat-earthers, and sad that these people don't know even how rare it is to come across to an estimation for the size of the entire universe and not just for the observable universe. This is pure gold information and no one is able to appreciate it.
I guess it's about the viewer demographics of this channel. If this video was on PBS Space Time, it would be their greatest hit.
Despite all the ignorant and arrogant comments, I know there are people who knows the value of these information and the number of those people will only increase!
Where…how did they come up with that number?
Can there be in actual infinite number of anything?
Once the multi-verse begins?
Human beings have no significance relative to the size the actual universe, even though we know this?
writereducator I think about photons, tho they might not even be infinite. But if the universe has been creating photons since it came into existence I’d imagine a really, really large number. 2 trillion galaxies, each with let’s say 100 billion stars minimum, each creating trillions of photons per unit of time. It has to be an incredibly large number.
For all we know there could be 100 trillion galaxies or more in the entire universe.
I'm trying to get my head around the size of the trousers that the pocket Alan Guth speaks of.
Meanwhile I have heard him say in a later interview that the new estimates are far less dramatic and the unobservable universe is “only” maybe a 1000 times larger than what we can “see”... so I imagine you should take everything with a pinch of salt. I mean these people are incredibly smart but that thing they are trying to decipher is infinitely more incredible than their considerable smarts 🤷🏻♂️
Consider the expansion. From within an expanding universe, it appears to be expanding at the speed of light in all directions. But from the standpoint of the infinite void into which it is expanding, it never seems to be more than the pinpoint flash in which it began. So there could be an infinite number of universes, never coming anywhere near each other in space or in time. Everything we consider an electron could be an entire universe, and our universe could be a mere photon in some larger universe. The unknowable possibilities are boggling in scale and scope.
I like it: 10^23 universes ~ 1 mol of universes. (chemistry)
These young men really can and understand it.
This interview is captivating, though a bit outdated. Alan Guth explains his calculation of the size of the universe ... a guess based on twice the minimum (100 doublings x 2) during inflation. In a more recent interview (How Did the Universe Begin), Guth states the size of the universe is likely exponentially smaller than he previously thought (10^3 rather than 10^23 larger than the observable universe). Also, a brief discussion of the multiverse, and his belief that there may be an infinite number of pocket universes. BTW, the interviewer (Robert Kuhn) incorrectly states the diameter of the observable universe is 40 billion light years. In fact, it is estimated to be 93 billion light years (with a radius of 46.5 billion light years).
"100 billion galaxies in the observable universe" (though actually it was closer to 170 billion).
And then they found out it was over 2 trillion. Amazing how much changed in 4 years.
Oh ok
Who could be more significant than those who understand so much that they see themselves as insignificant because of it? Every other material body in the visible and the invisible universe don't have what we have i.e. knowledge and awe at the utter vastness of what we can see and what we can't see. Heck, if we are alone in the universe then we are the only things that an see it. If we are insignificant, then everything in the visible and invisible universe are also insignificant, from the largest of stars and galaxies, to the smallest of atomic particles. Which would mean that the visible and the invisible universe itself is insignificant.
there's so much tension between them