For those of you wanting to know exactly how Maxwell derived velocity using, here is a source that shows the details of that derivation: www.wikihow.com/Derive-the-Speed-of-Light-from-Maxwell%27s-Equations
Hi Arvin, enjoyed the video - then ran to the Wikipedia and read about the vacuum permittivity (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_permittivity) - they seem to suggest that permittivity is defined by light which is itself defined as a constant and not the other way around. Can you tell a few words about this? Are they wrong? Thanks !!!
@@ivangligorijevic In modern times, since the speed of light has been very accurately measured, permittivity is indeed derived using speed of light. However, permittivity can be derived independently using magnets and electrical current. I believe Coulomb was one of the first to measure it. If you search on that, you may find his measurement technique.
@@ArvinAsh Thank you very much! The question is more philosophical than one of convenience. Its always hard to describe simply why is the speed of light indeed maximal and if you just postulate it this is on a different level than a "reasonable" explanation using electromagnetism. Therefore my question - on the link I provided, they treat the speed of light as a postulated value from which you derive the vacuum permittivity. So I am trying to understand what comes first and if it can be derived independently, this is a whole new level entirely (I was actually searching for it!) ?
There are aspects of light that can provide further hints about it's properties and causes. Light is only light due to friction as it is passing through a viscous substance/our atmosphere. We see the sun and it appears bright but space itself is pitch black because it has no atmosphere or viscous substance to cause friction. The sun actually emits only a "black light" that travels in a wave like Newton's kinetic cradle balls th-cam.com/video/uWChuDS-CbQ/w-d-xo.html through the aether rather than the actual light traveling any distance. Just like when you tip a row of dominoes, the first domino you push over is not the last domino to fall down. It is the force of the wave of the first push that travels instead.
I teach electrical theory at university and I’ve never seen such a brilliantly clear explanation of the Maxwell equations and their consequences - Many Thanks.
*+Richard Masters:* Except for the notable omission of Coulomb's law, the way it is done in the video is quite close in outline to how it was taught to me as a student, and thus is how I understand it. Since you teach electromagnetism, you probably also know that you can show using the theory of special relativity that a magnetic field is an electric field which is moving with respect to an observer. Indeed, special relativity is implicitly included in Maxwell's equations, such is the incredible genius of Maxwell!
@@hiqhduke I'm certain Richard Masters has a better comprehension than the majority of people. Why a science degree holder would have to stand under an arts degree holder's opinion, is beyond ludicrous. Though these equations are about reactions, not consequences. The Laws of Physics are OBSERVED, not enforced. Law from the Latin for 'ultimate' or highest truth. Opinion nor consensus are considered to be true.
As a former undergrad in physics and grad in oceanography, I wish all educators were required to be at this level of understanding, enthusiasm and preparedness. Its nice to see you to explain serious material so simply, as well as capture the attention of thousands of people in subject matter deemed widely as boring and drab. Thank you for doing this, I'm subscribing to your channel.
it's something A Einstein pointed out, but when we actually have a teacher like Feynman, or my father, they can make it clear to a 3 year old... my father explained the laws of motion to me by describing the arc of a ball thrown.. before he threw it... and described how we measure it... I have taught my son the same way.. he was in college calculus in 8th grade... it's not difficult... but I avoid fractions and use the metric system exclusively... people who use fractions think math is hard... it's not... and.. my friend P Michael Hutchins of MIT tells me... mathematics is pure logic... so it is... and that's what these series of equations are... he builds from one principle to the next to create a Gestalt... Maxwell and the early physics guys didn't have anything except intelligence and curiosity... and logic
You're right Joe, Arvin has that special ability to communicate with his audience something a lot of instructors lack. Looking forward to catching up on some of his other videos.
I've learned more about electromagnetism and the meaning behind Maxwell's equations in these 13 minutes than in 5 years of studying electrical engineering.
@ knowing the equations in and out is not the same as understanding the insights about why there are so and how Maxwell came with them. This video helps with that, even if you know all about them mathematically
Just imagine how Maxwell felt when he realized that he arrived at the speed of light... What epiphany! I wouldn't be able to take another breath from excitement. This is a great video. Thank you. Amazing to see that the speed of light can be derived from those two constants -- vacuum permittivity and permeability of free space. It actually makes sense.
One of those things which are obvious in retrospective. When you learn something like this, you realize that you didn't had an answer just because you were unable to set up a correct question. And in this particular case the next logical question is: Is there a substance with lower said resistances, than vacuum? Superconductors are a suspect in this case, but considering my profanity, I possibly have just suggested complete bullsh!t)
@@Gizzeitare you suggesting a means to make light travel even faster? Is there a practical use for such a thing? It's possible that instead of reducing resistance, you can increase reproductivity.... but not sure how you this can be done for something like faster than light space travel, unless it's a constant emanating field that travels with relativity of a space ship. But how do you slow down? Lol
He probably felt like he had to tell somebody fast, just in case he dropped dead all of a sudden. He would have written it down, where it would be found by a fellow scientist.
The introductory text of Arvin A is a very nice one, although it is maybe not entirely up to date regarding lightwaves. As for "why/how" light is travelling as a defineable unrelative C we do not know exactly. There are many suggestions that do not actually explain how, but more help to confirm THAT...
wow, as a physics enthusiast, I’ve been looking for this level of understanding of “c” and how it can be derived for years, and this video nails it. Thank you, Arvin Ash!!!
Everything in the universe is connected magnetically!! The speed of light is directly proportional to the magnetic field and frequency of light your reviewing and the magnetic field it travels through. E=MC/2 has little to do with anything. Think about this, What is the speed of magnetism?? Every living thing and all matter are byproducts of magnetism. Tap the center of a bar magnet on anything and it will loose weight.
Both videos were fantastic and very well done. My only problem with yours and the History Guy's video is that you both left out Oliver Heaviside; the man who reduced Maxwell’s 25 (I think) equations to the 4 equations we know today (among other things). Oliver Heaviside truly does diverse to be remembered because he beat the theory into practical useful tools and techniques that could be used by engineers. If Tesla is everyone's favorite unknown scientific luminary, Then Oliver Heaviside is greatest electrical engineer that no one knows about. Z
Kathy Zerkus - Thank you for your post. I just read the Wikipedia article about Heaviside, and his story is as fascinating as Maxwell's. I hope The History Guy and Arvin can collaborate on his life and contributions to physics as well.
Every time Arvin Ash says"The explanation is coming up right now " I think: no way he can explain that in less than 10 min, not this time!Then magically it always ends with a mind orgasm. It is palpable how James Clerk Maxwell might have felt when realizing that the calculated speed matches the speed of light.Mind boggling is though how we still are struggling with wars,hunger and racism although humanity already was gifted with geniuses like Maxwell 170 years ago.
I sometimes wonder how many geniuses has died because of wars throughout history. Maybe one of them would have revolutionize science knowledge just like Maxwell did with his equations.
The 'left brain' (a.k.a.: the intellect) does us no good for ending things like war and hate. Only the 'right brain' (where muh 'feels' reside) can do this. Science is decidedly bent (like everything in the known universe) to 'know' things. It does not like mystery. But the 'right brain' does, and that's where ideas of 'Utopia' come from. But the right brain is considered 'feminine', so for this reason, men, intellectuals, scientists and even religious leaders are decidedly 'masculine' (suppressed 'feels'). This is why science MUST merge with religion and 'spirituality' (same reason the man MUST merge with the woman).
BTW, Maxwell's 'addition' to Ampere's 'law' (Yang/masculine) was via his intuition (Yin/feminine): I.E.: "he just thought it up". So the 2 together are like matter/antimatter (and male/female) and have a powerful reaction (if they don't run away from each other). Just thought I'd point that out. Feel free to ask questions if any of this confuses (or annoys) you.
Unlike most of the people commenting here, I’m not an engineer or have any connection with engineering, in fact I teach marketing at a university. So I have no background in engineering whatsoever, but the way you have explained this, even a layman like me understood it so well. You are a great teacher!
As a qualified electrical and electronic engineer of 36 years in telecoms I have only just found out how radio propagation works from this video. WOW! At college and uni they did not explain it this well.
#John_King that is because most (though not all) professors with titles and letters after their names are educated above their intelligence. In other words, the don't understand the subject they are trying to teach.
I was at Warwick uni in the 70s and the professor just wrote Schrodingers equation on the board and said it was just a flash of inspiration that came out of the blue and no one really understood. Cop out central I thought...
I was an electronic engineer in research and development for 35 years. I developed extremely sensitive detectors for gas chromatographs. The last 5 years of my career I was designing a Liquid Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer. I never used Maxwell's equations through out my whole career. The equations that I did use were E=I*R, ohms law, P=I*E, watts law, Q=C*V, charge of a capacitor is the capacitance times the voltage on a capacitor, Q=I*T, charge of a capacitor is the current times the time of a capacitor and I*T=C*V. This leads to V= 1/C int(i dt), the voltage of on a capacitor is equal to 1/C times the integral of the current over time and I=C * dv/dt, the current out of a capacitor is equal to the change in voltage with respect to time. Yes, there are other common formulas like XC= 1/(2*pi*F*C) and XL=2*pi*F*L, to measure the capacitance and inductance reactance with frequency. We can't forget about T=RC, time constant of an capacitance-resistance circuit and T=L/R, time constant of an inductance-resistance circuit. Yes, I learned about Kirchhoff's law, Thevenin and Norton theorems too.
There is a statue to Maxwell in Edinburgh where he was born , most people just pass by without realising what an important contribution Maxwell made to our understanding of how the universe works.
This is superb. Maxwell has always been one of my favorites, but I’ve never understood how his mind made such a leap to see the relationship between electromagnetism & light. Your explanation Arvin is so clear and simple that now I feel like I truly have an intuitive understanding. Love History Guy too! Good to see 2 of my favorite channels collaborating!
If only I had these videos explaining these concepts 20 years back, maybe I would've been a physicist today. I loved theorems and derivations. They gave me joy. Thank you for bringing that back to me. I am humbled by your explanation. Thank you to the power of C.
If you travel at the speed of light anything behind gets red shifted to black. However everything in front gets blue shifted to the highest possible frequency and energy. You would be hit by gamma radiation from the direction of travel.
As a physics chump I never knew I'd understand these concepts with such clarity. Thank you Arvin Ash for igniting this new fantastic experience in my understanding of physics especially electromagnetism, relativity and quantum mechanics. You are an academic treasure.
all the realization and the rigorous work ....... which lead to this present of the internet internet era, which was preceded by millions of years of evolution ........ only to realize most of it all is cat videos and cringy tik toks.......and some of it actually being a blessing to many, in the form of videos like this........ and *cough* anime *cough* ............. only for me realizing i should be doing my homework........... amazing isnt it?
I am a doctor and I just love physics..!! And this video answered my two basic questions - why the speed of light is constant in space time fabric and why EM waves move and are not stationary when there is no energy to propagate them..!! It is midnight right now and I am sleepless due to excitement of knowing these concepts ..!! 😍😍Thanks for brilliant video...🙏
Everything in the universe is connected magnetically!! The speed of light is directly proportional to the magnetic field and frequency of light your reviewing and the magnetic field it travels through. E=MC/2 has little to do with anything. Think about this, What is the speed of magnetism?? Every living thing and all matter are byproducts of magnetism. Tap the center of a bar magnet on anything and it will loose weight.
Same when Einstein realised the speed of gravity is the same as the speed of light. Unfortunately, when he tried to unify gravity with electromagnetism, the strengths of the two forces were so different that it made unifying them impossible. If only Einstein were alive now.to see m-theory. He'd realise he was on the right track all along.
Everything in the universe is connected magnetically!! The speed of light is directly proportional to the magnetic field and frequency of light your reviewing and the magnetic field it travels through. E=MC/2 has little to do with anything. Think about this, What is the speed of magnetism?? Every living thing and all matter are byproducts of magnetism. Tap the center of a bar magnet on anything and it will loose weight.
I did elec eng 50 years ago and Maxwell's equations were a revelation to me then and still are now. The fact that all of E&M can be summarised in just 4 equations makes the subject the most concisely formulated in all of physics and science - I don't think there any other area that is so compactly expressed. Yes, one needs a lot of advanced calculus to understand and use the equations but that is true of many other areas, such as hydrodynamics and thermodynamics. I"d love a video on Oliver Heaviside next, please? He developed Maxwell's equations and the mathematics of the day (which was somewhat cumbersome) and produced a lot of the mathematical tools that elec engineers use now.
This video is just pure genius. I really don’t know who Arvin Ash is - wether he is a teacher or a professor or “just” a superbly intelligent and curious human being - but I admire his lessons. What a great explanation this is… Thank you so much for sharing!!
Bravo, probably the best visual explanation of the electric and magnetic constant that exist on the web. There's a huge shortage of these kind of videos online and you're doing great. I propose that you make one of these visual explanations for each of the major physical constants. That would be awesome and teach very valuable knowledge to these curious people watching your videos.
@@ArvinAsh Thank you too. I do think your clip missed out on the honorable mention of Zeta nought that relates both the electric and magnetic constant to each other. Furthermore may I suggest The Fine Structure Constant and Von Klitzing's Constant as two possible future videos? :)
@@outtakontroll3334 What if there are infinite universes with different values of permittivity and permeability of space, and we just happened to exist in one of them wondering why it happened to be like that.
Im not even studying science now but while i was in the field. I never truly understood , light 'propagate' through space part. We study electromegnetism but never knew light propagate because the 2 field re create itself in a loop
Everything in the universe is connected magnetically!! The speed of light is directly proportional to the magnetic field and frequency of light your reviewing and the magnetic field it travels through. E=MC/2 has little to do with anything. Think about this, What is the speed of magnetism?? Every living thing and all matter are byproducts of magnetism. Tap the center of a bar magnet on anything and it will loose weight.
It has become my truth. I couldn't find that truth in the man made world. I have learned to reject human>>made concepts. Such as nothingness. The ultimate truth is the truth of the universe. I get a feeling of awe and wonder when I think about it. We are the universe observing itself. Or do I know nothing at all? It won't save me from death. But eternity in this form is not possible. A human mind cannot live forever. It's dust must become part of something else. My dust will live again in another form. Truly I am of the universe. I'm more of philosopher than anything.
@@Justice_Hammer , and what is the speed of magnetism, It's goes like this. The height of ones intelligence is directly proportional to the realization of what you don't know..
I woke up feeling big and then I watched this and now I feel super super small and can’t fathom with how intelligent these guys were. Great video as always Arvin.
That was one of the most interesting talks I've ever listened too. I now understand something I have never understood before but always wondered about.
What I remember after the high school Physics class: Maxwell was some guy who came up with 4 equations in physics (something something electricity & magnetism). What I will always remember after watching this: Maxwell came up with the insight that light is an electromagnetic wave. Cool stuff. He imagined a bouncing electric charge on a pole which creates a magnetic field, which creates more electric charges and more electric fields - an infinite loop of electricity and magnetism - i.e: a wave, a continuous super fast and seemingly never-ending wave - LIGHT.
Thanks dude, I love your Physics videos and I use them often in teaching high school Physics and Chemistry courses I teach!! I did my PhD Physics coursework at Purdue University with a 5.9 / 6.0 GPA but I greatly benefit from your videos, well done!! Now I better understand why the electricity and magnetism fields in copper wires travel faster than the speed of light in free space or 3 X 10^8 m/s , because epsilon and mu in the copper are substantially different in copper than in free space and therefore the fields travel faster than the speed of light number we all have drilled into our heads from our school days!!
@@Tholkaappiyam There is an upper limit to the speed of an object in a vacuum. But things can travel faster within certain substances, compared to the speed of light WITHIN that substrate. But nothing travels faster than light in a vacuum.
@@ArvinAsh Thanks I was going to reply with the same rationale as your answer!! Even well educated Physicists sometimes forget that the speed of light is medium dependent!!
Superb job. Maxwell also invented color photography by proving white light is made up of Red Green Blue colors. There's a picture of a bow tie of many colors he made in the 1860's. He was a full proffesor at 25 years old. What an incredible genious!
This is absolutely amazing as it's the first time I've ever begun to feel like I partly understand what the four elegant equations actually mean! Maxwell was a genius and might be better remembered today had he not died so young.
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We should be learning this right after Neuton's Laws, what the hell, this took me almost 20 years to figure out "why is the light also electromagnetism and vice-versa"
Thank you so much for this. I am old, but have wondered about things like this my entire life. Until now, my understanding ended with "Maxwell's equations said light went this speed". I feel like I know a little bit more about it now.
Yeah I agree, and that in itself is the scary point. I went thru this effect in opamps about two years ago, only learning more here by watch these kinds of vids. But crap, now that Im 66 years old kinda makes it all redundant.
As an Electronics engineer we were taught Norton, Thevenin, Wheatstone but never really got much on Maxwell other than Maxwell's circulating currents mentioned but resolving them using simultaneous equations using Super Position. Learnt decades later that Super position is Quantum which is not the magic people would have you believe.
If only I was taught physics like Arvin does, oh my lost life! No matter then, I will savour the delightful insights of physics in my remaining late years.
Summary: Why is the speed of light the constant that it is? Because of these two other constants, that we don't know why are what they are. Still very good presentation though.
The speed of light is a constant... in vacuum... it's passage can be hindered by molecules of air and water... and minerals... different minerals have different density and pass light more or less slowly... as white light enters atmosphere it begins to encounter air molecules... and our atmosphere is made from really the smallest atoms... Carbon, nitrogen oxygen and trace gasses and they are small enough that only blue light is scattered by air molecules... that's why our sky is blue 💙 😍 However "standard model" physics has no real explanation for the phenomenon... the actual speed was determined by the Michaelson-Morely team in the 1880s and 90s... they were actually looking for some fixed point in the Universe, or a "fixed "ether" from which all our calculations could be based... a baseline as it were... and they couldn't find one... they built some amazing equipment... floating iron blocks in mercury... and taking very very careful measurements.. their work led to Planck and Einstein... and a bunch of extremely thoughtful men and women around the turn of the century in 1900.... Einstein did not know about distant galaxies as he was growing up... it was Hubble in 1920 or so that saw stars in the fuzzy patches of the sky... and the most brilliant people only have the information of their own time... I am pretty sure it was Einstein who said: in science we stand on the shoulders of greatness... to see just a bit further down the road... he wrote the books I have for the general population... and, of course they had neither radio nor television... people went to lectures and discussed the issues... and the money was not backed by gold.... it was gold .. but very few people can think outside the proverbial box... Nikola Tesla was such a person... I have almost finished my Theory of Everything... this particular subject is a large part of it... and I figured out the math this morning... I will post it when I am finished... it's certainly based on standard model physics... my father was one of the army people who built the weapons tested in New Mexico... he went on to build missle bases along the east German border with which to blow up evil east Germans and Poles, I suppose... prevent Stalin's tanks from rolling over the same people... even though Stalin was dead and gone... he scared the bejabbers out my dad... who was a veteran with 2 purple hearts.... he built the scaffolding for the first one and volunteered for the building of the second weapon. with a brand new BSc... in physics... from Berkeley... after threatening evil east Germans and Poles he retired and taught reactor theory at the graduate level at Catholic University in Washington DC... I am not sure why he was not struck by lightning... but... he didn't suffer fools gladly or otherwise... and he did not enjoy teaching... unless you understood him... I got the full treatment... about like my posts... and replies... the devil makes me do it... Richard Feynman talks about most of the things I have been working on... he could see it... one of his lectures he talked about light passing through space ==>> in all directions... and it doesn't interfere with the other sources of light... its passage through space-time is continually passing through light from other sources... and, apparently, it has no effect on either... Until you get down to the Planck length level.... we say the Universe is flat in all directions... none are preferred directions... until you get down there to 1.16169 × 10-³⁵... and then, light waves create positive and negative interference... so the up waves are reinforced... or the down waves are too.. like the double slit experiment of Feynman... except really big... and they create sub quark particles... when the energy is sufficient in all 3... it takes 3 quarks to create a hydrogen atom... 2 ups and a down quark... and the choice of words is not accidental... quarks are toroidal vortices... there are 3 types, with more or less interchangeable components in each of the 3 ... the most energetic has a life expectancy measured in fempto seconds... and it devolves to the next lower energy level... the flow of energy goes from equator to pole... then pole to equator... then pole to pole... which creates up and down quarks... which create new hydrogen atoms continuously... all around us all the time... that's why our Universe is expanding... it needs more room... and the more room there is... the more new stuff is created.... hydrogen has one thing none of the others have... ==>> duration
Everything we see started out as a hydrogen atom.... the fusion of hydrogen into helium is the primary source of energy... for our Universe... ... and other stuff... stars can fuse elements up to iron.... it's the heavy elements that we want and need for a high tech society... especially platinum... but I have a sort of breeder reactor in my back yard... and I find elements up to and including plutonium... it's notable for beta emissions... and shows up in infrared as very bright orange-ish red... and it can be done safely... because they used the cubic structure of the crystals to make the maximum size cube and accomplish neutron bombardment... it's not my idea... I just found it The cubes of radioactive material are too small to get anywhere near critical mass... it's the conclusion of my father's research.. RIP Col Carew My father told me the heavier elements are created in supernovae... and it requires 4 generations of stars to arrive at the 92 naturally occurring elements... so... iron is way down in the second row of the transition metals... we used the periodic table to predict, and find all 92... it's not magic... it's physics and chemistry ⚗ And each proton electron pair began life as an hydrogen atom... and the way they combine with each other... also governs what we call the speed of light... here's the major problem with things actually going faster than 300Mm/sec² .. you can't see them in linear motion except in one place... a la Heisenberg... it's so small and very very fast that we have been looking for neutrinos... neutrons, I think, with a velocity greater than 300Mm/sec²... rotation is different and when the whatever it is reaches light speed... all of a sudden... we can see 👀 it... it appears to be solid little spheres... a la Feynman....and the way they go round and round has everything to do with the storage of energy ==>> in what we call mass... at exactly E= Mc²... a la Maxwell ... that's because, they are 2 aspects of the same thing 🤔 For more information Starfirediamondmines@gmail.com The StarFire Family wishes you Peace and Prosperity Ad Infinitum 🙏 Peace ✌☮
@@earlspencer7863 Too much Facebook...it's extemporaneous.. my apologies.. I am going through and correcting at the moment... I am open to suggestions... I write like ee cummings... the poet... it's stream of thought... and I have a lot to say... and I have been really sick... salt and radiation poisoning... it's not much fun cosmology by ee cummings... or something.. no worries mate.. you can understand, if you so desire
I find it very readable... and clear and concise... quantum foam is not my idea.. it's old science from a man or men and women who first proposed it in 57 I think, and experimentally verified in 64.... actually I really didn't make any of it up... maybe the math... a step beyond tensor calculus... look up my videos... on minerals and other stuff... the photos are developed with Snapseed, with help from the Google babe... she does the math;;☆》... it's definitely learning in both directions... she's a good friend HDR is an iterational combination of the same image at different settings... gives details otherwise unseen... 50 different settings, each time we call the function... and I use 3 to 5 separate calls for each image... each time we adjust each pixel to its neighbors.. all the way around... in 3 dimensions... so we look at shadows for the 3D information... each time... and each time we get an order of magnitude more information... the still images I have posted at the moment are on Pinterest... Susskind calls them voxels... pixels with volume... I call em cubits... in honor of global warming... and Bill Cosby's Noah story.. ;;☆》... and each relationship has to be accounted for... each time.. it's not simple cubes... it's a lot more like a Rubics Cube... I never had time to figure out what the secret was... I was thinking of this stuff... before I learned programming... it's the way to account for changes in the environment... and in a plasma or... any other system with continuous change over time... and then all those cubits are going round and round really really fast... and bumping into each other... in a closed system entropy is the final explanation as the Universe expanded with a finite amount of energy... it's not true... and it appears that all of us forgot about flat Universes and being all the same... so if I use my development techniques to create more detail by manufacturing 5 orders of magnitude more information, and it brings in near and far infrared and ultraviolet... simply because each cubit is 10,000 times smaller than the default acuity... guess what I found?.. another one of those magic things, dark matter is said to account for the missing 80% of our Universe... it's there... they absolutely fill the sky, and far away galaxies appear red when they are moving away from us... blue galaxies are moving towards us... and yellow is sideways I think. There's a few I can't explain.. however... If==>> the Universe began in a single point, then, indeed, we should see a preferred direction.. with all the galaxies around us moving in the same direction.. approaching on one side and leaving on the other... this is not what I find at all... and it certainly verifies whoever said our Universe is flat... it really is... until you get down to the Planck length level The passage of light through vacuum creates vacuum foam... and space ==>> is not a "thing " which requires making or a beginning and end.. that's anthropomorphic.. and.. the math actually works better when you realize some infinities are very real.. because our Universe is infinite in both Time and Space.. space is the distance between 2 "things"... it's not a thing... it's the absence of things.... so the passage of light also creates Time... and when space-time bends it is done with time like particles... Einstein describes an elevator.. and light approaching as it ascends... and the light approaching the point where it began moving, and it reaches the elevator at the same time.. I have pictures of this phenomenon as we drive by saguaro cactus... upright citizens of the desert I live in... and as I pass by at 70kph... I get great details... but the top of these imminently upright citizens is bent in the direction of travel... science is all about measuring the Universe... so I do it regularly just to see 👀 amazing what you find.. when we take time to look
Great job Arvin. If only all educators could explain as you do; lucid but without losing the profoundness of the idea, the world of learning would be a much more interesting place.
I needed this Edit: I am finally satisfied and I cannot thank you enough, Professor you are doing a great job Now we have a better understanding of reality ty💞
Great job explaining the speed of light. It blows the mind to realize that the universe is like an ocean filled with uncountable waves of causality in every direction.
I knew part of this but not all the details and as always Prof Arvin Ash ties all the lose ends together to make a very neat pack of history , Sir you are a rock of knowledge like no other , i plug your channel every chance i get for good reason you have the answers that most do not come up with , Thank you for what you do for physics now and in the future.
That was nicely done. Thanks for putting together a easy to follow path of how the speed of light is bounded by the interaction between electric field and magnetic fields.
Everything in the universe is connected magnetically!! The speed of light is directly proportional to the magnetic field and frequency of light your reviewing and the magnetic field it travels through. E=MC/2 has little to do with anything. Think about this, What is the speed of magnetism?? Every living thing and all matter are byproducts of magnetism. Tap the center of a bar magnet on anything and it will loose weight.
@@ArvinAsh Unfortunately, the phase relation of the orange and green arrows staring at 7:14 is also incorrect, there should be a pi/2 phase between them (as one goes through its midpoint = changing the fastest, the other should be maximal - exactly according to Maxwell's equations).
@@problemat1que The near field and the far field are different in this respect: In the near field (depending on the source limited to a distance from the source less than 2 wavelengths, in many cases) a large part of the electromagnetic energy is swinging away from the source and then back to the source; therefore it's called reactive. And yes, you are right, in order to behave so, the phase difference has to be nearly pi/2. The energy in the far field is gone beyond the point of no return, there is only an energy flow away from the source. This is exclusively possible if the phase difference between electric and magnetic field is zero. The transition from nearly pi/2 to zero is a continuous one, of course. So, we might assume that the animation shows the far field.
Thank you for sharing this informative video on Maxell' s equations. A remarkable simplified understanding of electro-magnetic waves. As a retired telecommunications technical officer in Telikom PNG Limited specializing in microwave radio, UHF, VHF, HF & solar power I must commend you for this video. Greetings from Madang, Papua New Guinea!
I watch a lot of content on TH-cam and it is extremely rare that I will give a thumbs up to a video. But this video got one without hesitation. I applaud this explanation. Just wow!
I liked all the parts of the video until he talked about Einstein whose relativity suggestions of time and space does not explain any natural observations where everyone elses equations do.
Imagine how sick it must've been to realize that light itself is this electromagnetic wave thing that you just came up with. I'd bust the biggest of nuts.
@Robert Slackware As Florian said, it's not really the magnetism "pulling" the light or anything, but it doesn't have to be gravity either. Small objects bend light around them slightly, but that's just because of how waves work. In fact you can make a lens out of a solid opaque disc, as a small amount of the light will deflect around the edges. It has a really long focal length and is very dim, but you can do it. I think part of it is the uncertainty principle, if the wave passes through a very thin slit, you constrain the position very tightly, but that means the velocity in that axis is less defined. Similar thing with edges, it bends around because the photons that pass very close to the edge have their certainty in velocity reduced perpendicular to the edge, so they spread out.
@Science Revolution W-what? What is this rubbish. Electromagnetism is a property of space itself, it doesn't need a carrier, that's why it's called a wave. Antennas create those waves. These things are observable fact, you can just look at it. Are you a child?
@Science Revolution No. That's just literally wrong. I don't know what to tell you. Space has plenty of properties. You can bend and stretch it. If you couldn't, gravity wouldn't exist. I'm a communications engineer, I send waves through empty space for a living.
@Science Revolution An antenna, or any wire in the real physical world, is not just a theoretical wire. It's a resistor, a capacitor, and an inductor all rolled into one. The capacitance allows an amount of charge, and therefore current, to flow into it before it is saturated (when the antenna has the same voltage as the source). That's basically what voltage is, the concentration or depletion of electrons in one area compared to another. It's like electron pressure. You pump air into and out of a tank, the tank is still the same size but the pressure goes up and down.
Fascinating explanation, given in a wonderfully intuitive way. Thanks. I've been looking at these equations for a long time as an engineer without really appreciating the significance of the achievement until now.
Unfortunately, those of us who really understand the equations know that the video is false pseudo-science. Sorry it is mostly BS. You will get lost in mistakes if you believe it is correct.
@@harryr.6744 *"If you believe..?"* Here we go again, *"... another not so innovative way a belief system trying to raise its ugly head yet again to interfere with, yet again, in trying to debunk a solid time tested scientific theory; UGGHHHH!!!!!"* Let's hear your logical or intuitive explanations that doesn't waste our time with baseless belief systems.
I remember a lesson from high school where my teacher described a visualization of electron flow in a wire as like a pipe full of ping pong balls to represent the electrons in a wire. When you push another ping ball in (applied voltage), a ping pong ball pops out immediately. The individual balls don't need to travel the full length of the pipe before they flow out the other end. The flow happens instantaneously even if the speed of the individual ball travel is slow. This is the speed of causality.
That's true, but the flow of individual electrons does become important when you're talking about semiconductors. Transistors, processors, graphics cards, etc. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_mobility
Yes, except there is a difference between when having gaps between the ping pong balls (instantaneous) and having no gaps ( not instantaneous). There are gaps between electrons - but do they need to make physical contact to create electron flow?
Moving electrons creates electric current that can be very very slow. However the moving electrons create electro magnetic waves that propagate with the speed of light. So television signals can be sent down a copper wire at the speed of light with almost no electric current.
@@hamidsharifi8295 - Electromagnetic propagation down a wire is different speed than electromagnetic wave through a vacuum or through the atmosphere for that matter. Each medium has a different permeability and dielectric constant.
I was astounded to see the velocity equation. This was a eureka moment for me, and seeing the mathematical derivation for the speed of light for the first time was a beautiful moment. Thanks for a wonderful video.
Hi Arvin I was searching for an explanation about space time fabric itself. What it is made of? Is it pure energy or it is something which we still know nothing about? Please make a detailed video on this topic.
Well it's made of a lot of fields, for example the gravitational field or em field. Then there is something called quantum foam which says that at the quantum level space is dynamic and had a lot of disturbances namely quantum fluctuations. It means the existence of virtual particles. That's kinda the leading theory I think. I'm that not that certain.
mhmmh kinda, thats why the multiverse theory has that much support, becuase these are the constants why find just for THIS modelled universe, these constant can vary between " all possible numbers" so you can get almost every tipe of universe
You can look at this in an alternative way. The velocity of a wave depends only on the properties of the medium it propagates through - for light the properties mentioned in the video. Also, this velocity is relative to the "static" medium in which it propagates. But what is the medium in which light propagates? It has been called ether at the end of 19th century. To satisfy Galilean relativity, the ether in a closed room should move together with the room, otherwise one could sense the ether wind and know he is motion. The velocity of light relative to the ether could not be detected, and this led Einstein to the understanding that there is no ether. The velocity of light is constant because there is no medium relative to which it can be defined. The velocity of light is not relative to something, but absolute.
The Michael-Morley experiment in which the speed of light was measured demonstrated the non-existence of ether. When the compass orientation was rotated for each measurement in 90 degree increments, no measurable difference among the measurements was detected!
@@reuven1961 @ Pepe el Pollo Einstein later agreed that General Relativity's space-time was necessarily a real material since it had mechanical properties. He said that space-time is another word for a non-immobile ether. The facts you both mentioned are the statu quo before GR.
The two biggest quests are still unanswered: why does free space resist the formation of an electric field, and why does free space resist the formation of a magnetic field?
Everything in the universe is connected magnetically!! The speed of light is directly proportional to the magnetic field and frequency of light your reviewing and the magnetic field it travels through. E=MC/2 has little to do with anything. Think about this, What is the speed of magnetism?? Every living thing and all matter are byproducts of magnetism. Tap the center of a bar magnet on anything and it will loose weight.
Thanks for the collaboration! Thanks for expanding our understanding of Maxwell’s contributions!. Thanks for the collaboration! Thanks for expanding our understanding of Maxwell’s contributions!.
In the animation, the electric field vector and the magnetic field vector are shown incorrectly. The maximum amplitude of each should be in relative quadrature, not be synchronized
Are you talking about this section? th-cam.com/video/FSEJ4YLXtt8/w-d-xo.html I think you're right. Because it's the CHANGE in the magnetic field or charge that generates the other field, the maximum size of one set of arrows should be when the other field is changing the most, i.e., as it descends to zero and inverts. Not at its peak, when it is changing the least. I'd think that the arrows should be offset by half, one peaking where the other is at zero. (I don't know what "relative quadrature" means, so I don't know if that's what you mean.)
This is a common question. Actually the video diagram is correct, but you are correct to deduce that the diagram is false. The statement that the fields create each other as in this video is false. They do not act as is explained in the video. That is pseud-science. The video is based on false pseudo-science understanding of Maxwell's equations. The fields do not act as the video says. The diagram is correct, the explanation in the video is incorrect.
Omg you just blew my mind! So the only limiting factor for the speed of light (or any other propagating EM wave) is the speed in which the E and H fields *interact*/induce one-another, which is determined by permittivity and permeability of the medium. Very interesting!
Actually it may be the other way around. It seems that it's the speed of light that is fixed and embedded into our space. Also the permittivity of vacuum seems to be an elementary property, defining the relationship between static electrical charge and force. It's rather magnetism and the permeability of vacuum that are imaginary. Both could be viewed as our explanation for relativistic effects of moving charges. But, right, from Maxwell's equations it seems obvious that it's the permittivity and permeability that jointly define the speed of light.
I’ve spent well over 20,000 hours looking for North and south poles where iron particles will gather and indicate a crack in a piece of steel made into turbine blades, car race car inspections or structural steel. And it is all based on this.
this explanation tops every other one by a light-year-leap! You delivered knowledge without the "diva-blind" down. As simple as it truly is. Most deserved follow and like ever given! thank you!
First off, grovelling apology for putting you on hold for THG. (busted). In my defence, this subject is well known to me. I think Maxwell is better known of here in the UK, at least I hope so. Your explanation is succinct and easy to follow as always. Thank you sir, Blessings.
Alvin - brilliant - thanks again. I still wonder why c is regarded as one of the most fundamental constants in physics when it is derived from two other unexplained constants of nature: permeability and permittivity. This shows once again that physics is about creating mathematical laws to model reality rather than to actually explain reality itself.
Huh . . . ? C is not regarded, it is. I bet you gotta' better explanation of reality than those who are JUST dreaming up mathematical laws to model reality by, don't you ? Your answer has to do with the Hairy Thunderer doesn't it ? Come on, be honest. Why are you confused ?
Me, madly waving my fridge magnets around my head: "I'M CREATING ELECTRICITY!!" (Edited to add that I'm a new enthusiastic subscriber, brought over by The History Guy.)
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For those of you wanting to know exactly how Maxwell derived velocity using, here is a source that shows the details of that derivation: www.wikihow.com/Derive-the-Speed-of-Light-from-Maxwell%27s-Equations
Hi Arvin, enjoyed the video - then ran to the Wikipedia and read about the vacuum permittivity (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_permittivity) - they seem to suggest that permittivity is defined by light which is itself defined as a constant and not the other way around. Can you tell a few words about this? Are they wrong? Thanks !!!
@@ivangligorijevic In modern times, since the speed of light has been very accurately measured, permittivity is indeed derived using speed of light. However, permittivity can be derived independently using magnets and electrical current. I believe Coulomb was one of the first to measure it. If you search on that, you may find his measurement technique.
@@ArvinAsh Thank you very much! The question is more philosophical than one of convenience. Its always hard to describe simply why is the speed of light indeed maximal and if you just postulate it this is on a different level than a "reasonable" explanation using electromagnetism. Therefore my question - on the link I provided, they treat the speed of light as a postulated value from which you derive the vacuum permittivity. So I am trying to understand what comes first and if it can be derived independently, this is a whole new level entirely (I was actually searching for it!) ?
lol thanks, I was just figuring out how to get v from the units, and now I see this. You have sparked my curiosity. Too much thanks, Mr. Ash.
There are aspects of light that can provide further hints about it's properties and causes. Light is only light due to friction as it is passing through a viscous substance/our atmosphere. We see the sun and it appears bright but space itself is pitch black because it has no atmosphere or viscous substance to cause friction. The sun actually emits only a "black light" that travels in a wave like Newton's kinetic cradle balls th-cam.com/video/uWChuDS-CbQ/w-d-xo.html through the aether rather than the actual light traveling any distance. Just like when you tip a row of dominoes, the first domino you push over is not the last domino to fall down. It is the force of the wave of the first push that travels instead.
I teach electrical theory at university and I’ve never seen such a brilliantly clear explanation of the Maxwell equations and their consequences - Many Thanks.
Try this video from the Science Asylum. Nick also explains very very well:
th-cam.com/video/UzW_jAJzlgI/w-d-xo.html
*+Richard Masters:* Except for the notable omission of Coulomb's law, the way it is done in the video is quite close in outline to how it was taught to me as a student, and thus is how I understand it. Since you teach electromagnetism, you probably also know that you can show using the theory of special relativity that a magnetic field is an electric field which is moving with respect to an observer. Indeed, special relativity is implicitly included in Maxwell's equations, such is the incredible genius of Maxwell!
Well sir Arvin ash has very crystal clear concepts
@@hiqhduke I'm certain Richard Masters has a better comprehension than the majority of people. Why a science degree holder would have to stand under an arts degree holder's opinion, is beyond ludicrous.
Though these equations are about reactions, not consequences. The Laws of Physics are OBSERVED, not enforced. Law from the Latin for 'ultimate' or highest truth. Opinion nor consensus are considered to be true.
There's a beautiful derivation of the equations of motion from 1 simple law of entropy I'll have to look in my physics notes
As a former undergrad in physics and grad in oceanography, I wish all educators were required to be at this level of understanding, enthusiasm and preparedness. Its nice to see you to explain serious material so simply, as well as capture the attention of thousands of people in subject matter deemed widely as boring and drab. Thank you for doing this, I'm subscribing to your channel.
it's something A Einstein pointed out, but when we actually have a teacher like Feynman, or my father, they can make it clear to a 3 year old... my father explained the laws of motion to me by describing the arc of a ball thrown.. before he threw it... and described how we measure it... I have taught my son the same way.. he was in college calculus in 8th grade... it's not difficult... but I avoid fractions and use the metric system exclusively... people who use fractions think math is hard... it's not... and.. my friend P Michael Hutchins of MIT tells me... mathematics is pure logic... so it is... and that's what these series of equations are... he builds from one principle to the next to create a Gestalt... Maxwell and the early physics guys didn't have anything except intelligence and curiosity... and logic
I, too, subscribed a while ago. Videos so each to understand.
You're right Joe, Arvin has that special ability to communicate with his audience something a lot of instructors lack. Looking forward to catching up on some of his other videos.
Mr. Ash is very much like Richard Feynman when it comes to explaining complex concepts. This is the highest complement I can give to an educator…
I've learned more about electromagnetism and the meaning behind Maxwell's equations in these 13 minutes than in 5 years of studying electrical engineering.
same, and i just learned a lot more than my doctor’s bs explanation about it
same here bro
same here. As a physics graduate that was brilliant
@ knowing the equations in and out is not the same as understanding the insights about why there are so and how Maxwell came with them. This video helps with that, even if you know all about them mathematically
@@tonymchugh443 Were you really a physics student ? lol
Just imagine how Maxwell felt when he realized that he arrived at the speed of light... What epiphany! I wouldn't be able to take another breath from excitement.
This is a great video. Thank you. Amazing to see that the speed of light can be derived from those two constants -- vacuum permittivity and permeability of free space. It actually makes sense.
One of those things which are obvious in retrospective.
When you learn something like this, you realize that you didn't had an answer just because you were unable to set up a correct question.
And in this particular case the next logical question is:
Is there a substance with lower said resistances, than vacuum?
Superconductors are a suspect in this case, but considering my profanity, I possibly have just suggested complete bullsh!t)
@@Gizzeitare you suggesting a means to make light travel even faster? Is there a practical use for such a thing?
It's possible that instead of reducing resistance, you can increase reproductivity.... but not sure how you this can be done for something like faster than light space travel, unless it's a constant emanating field that travels with relativity of a space ship. But how do you slow down? Lol
Watching this made my jaw drop, imagine that Eureka moment, when Maxwell realised the approximate measured speed of light matched his equation. Epic.
Imagine the expression on his face as he makes that connection.
And then, appropriately, a light bulb lights up over his head.
He probably felt like he had to tell somebody fast, just in case he dropped dead all of a sudden.
He would have written it down, where it would be found by a fellow scientist.
Imagine how he felt when he realised that light was electromagnetic radiation and only he knew it.
that must have been the happiest a person can ever be
The introductory text of Arvin A is a very nice one, although it is maybe not entirely up to date regarding lightwaves. As for "why/how" light is travelling as a defineable unrelative C we do not know exactly. There are many suggestions that do not actually explain how, but more help to confirm THAT...
"There was a point in time when Maxwell was the only person in the world who realized this." That is pretty amazing.
World or even the universe...
wrong, there was that one guy that lived in Gambia near a river, sadly he died a day late from poisonous snake bite.
There was a point in time when I was the youngest person in the world.
That we know of.
Why was Faraday forgotten?
This presentation of Maxwell’s equations is the best I’ve ever seen.
This presentation or introduction to Maxwell's Equations is how it is presented in all University Physics text-books.
@@graemej2599 haha
Agree. Very clearly put.
Joe Chang which would mean there is no light in space if i have understood correctly
Joe Chang so how can we see the sun?
wow, as a physics enthusiast, I’ve been looking for this level of understanding of “c” and how it can be derived for years, and this video nails it. Thank you, Arvin Ash!!!
th-cam.com/users/shortsgwTmITmB7Vs?feature=share my page e=mc2...here i proved experimentally that time travel is possible.
Everything in the universe is connected magnetically!! The speed of light is directly proportional to the magnetic field and frequency of light your reviewing and the magnetic field it travels through. E=MC/2 has little to do with anything. Think about this, What is the speed of magnetism?? Every living thing and all matter are byproducts of magnetism. Tap the center of a bar magnet on anything and it will loose weight.
@@vincecox8376 what are you trying to say? Speed of magnetism is C.
@@vincecox8376 What a genius.
I guess that's why they call it the electromagnetic spectrum genius...and this energy travels at the speed of c.
Thanks for the collaboration! Thanks for expanding our understanding of Maxwell’s contributions!
My pleasure. Hope we can do it again. Thank you.
Both videos were fantastic and very well done. My only problem with yours and the History Guy's video is that you both left out Oliver Heaviside; the man who reduced Maxwell’s 25 (I think) equations to the 4 equations we know today (among other things). Oliver Heaviside truly does diverse to be remembered because he beat the theory into practical useful tools and techniques that could be used by engineers. If Tesla is everyone's favorite unknown scientific luminary, Then Oliver Heaviside is greatest electrical engineer that no one knows about.
Z
Kathy Zerkus - Thank you for your post. I just read the Wikipedia article about Heaviside, and his story is as fascinating as Maxwell's. I hope The History Guy and Arvin can collaborate on his life and contributions to physics as well.
yay THG!
I swear Maxwell is one of the most underrated scientists in popularity. He should be as famous as Newton or Einstein.
I can barely add, subtract or multiply and have zero understanding of equations, but I just LOVE this stuff.
Every time Arvin Ash says"The explanation is coming up right now " I think: no way he can explain that in less than 10 min, not this time!Then magically it always ends with a mind orgasm. It is palpable how James Clerk Maxwell might have felt when realizing that the calculated speed matches the speed of light.Mind boggling is though how we still are struggling with wars,hunger and racism although humanity already was gifted with geniuses like Maxwell 170 years ago.
It is why I look forward to these. I am amazed at how much I have learned. Thank you.
The discoveries in Science are always the most thrilling events in History, Well, at least they should be.
I sometimes wonder how many geniuses has died because of wars throughout history. Maybe one of them would have revolutionize science knowledge just like Maxwell did with his equations.
The 'left brain' (a.k.a.: the intellect) does us no good for ending things like war and hate. Only the 'right brain' (where muh 'feels' reside) can do this. Science is decidedly bent (like everything in the known universe) to 'know' things. It does not like mystery. But the 'right brain' does, and that's where ideas of 'Utopia' come from. But the right brain is considered 'feminine', so for this reason, men, intellectuals, scientists and even religious leaders are decidedly 'masculine' (suppressed 'feels'). This is why science MUST merge with religion and 'spirituality' (same reason the man MUST merge with the woman).
BTW, Maxwell's 'addition' to Ampere's 'law' (Yang/masculine) was via his intuition (Yin/feminine): I.E.: "he just thought it up". So the 2 together are like matter/antimatter (and male/female) and have a powerful reaction (if they don't run away from each other). Just thought I'd point that out. Feel free to ask questions if any of this confuses (or annoys) you.
Unlike most of the people commenting here, I’m not an engineer or have any connection with engineering, in fact I teach marketing at a university. So I have no background in engineering whatsoever, but the way you have explained this, even a layman like me understood it so well. You are a great teacher!
Thanks. I learned more in 13 minutes then in a semester of Fields and Waves when I was in college 25 years ago.
I hear you brother. Unless you luck out with a great prof., these things really don't get explained.
True. Too many dept. head profs teach from the textbook and do not encourage thinking / thought experiments / discussions.
I had 2 semesters of F&W and I certainly understand the subject better now.
If you used David Griffiths his book does do a good job at explaining alot of it, but this video is a great visual representation too.
@@brandonberisford The EM book honestly isn't that good.
As a qualified electrical and electronic engineer of 36 years in telecoms I have only just found out how radio propagation works from this video. WOW! At college and uni they did not explain it this well.
#John_King that is because most (though not all) professors with titles and letters after their names are educated above their intelligence. In other words, the don't understand the subject they are trying to teach.
Suddenly, electrical motors interfering with my WiFi makes sense!
I was at Warwick uni in the 70s and the professor just wrote Schrodingers equation on the board and said it was just a flash of inspiration that came out of the blue and no one really understood. Cop out central I thought...
Tailspin80 and my physics lecturer wrote that equation on the board and said solve it for homework!
MarcosElMalo2 Only if they have brushes - brushes are spark gap broadband transmitters.
I was an electronic engineer in research and development for 35 years. I developed extremely sensitive detectors for gas chromatographs. The last 5 years of my career I was designing a Liquid Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer. I never used Maxwell's equations through out my whole career. The equations that I did use were E=I*R, ohms law, P=I*E, watts law, Q=C*V, charge of a capacitor is the capacitance times the voltage on a capacitor, Q=I*T, charge of a capacitor is the current times the time of a capacitor and I*T=C*V. This leads to V= 1/C int(i dt), the voltage of on a capacitor is equal to 1/C times the integral of the current over time and I=C * dv/dt, the current out of a capacitor is equal to the change in voltage with respect to time. Yes, there are other common formulas like XC= 1/(2*pi*F*C) and XL=2*pi*F*L, to measure the capacitance and inductance reactance with frequency. We can't forget about T=RC, time constant of an capacitance-resistance circuit and T=L/R, time constant of an inductance-resistance circuit. Yes, I learned about Kirchhoff's law, Thevenin and Norton theorems too.
Yep, only the antenna guys have to deal with that nastiness. ;-)
There is a statue to Maxwell in Edinburgh where he was born , most people just pass by without realising what an important contribution Maxwell made to our understanding of how the universe works.
This is superb. Maxwell has always been one of my favorites, but I’ve never understood how his mind made such a leap to see the relationship between electromagnetism & light. Your explanation Arvin is so clear and simple that now I feel like I truly have an intuitive understanding.
Love History Guy too! Good to see 2 of my favorite channels collaborating!
Sorry but this video is false and incorrect. You dont understand Maxwell if you think this video explains his theory.
Harry R.
So send me the link to YOUR video that explains Maxwell “correctly”, and I’d be happy to watch it.
If only I had these videos explaining these concepts 20 years back, maybe I would've been a physicist today. I loved theorems and derivations. They gave me joy.
Thank you for bringing that back to me.
I am humbled by your explanation. Thank you to the power of C.
So if You wanna travel with speed higher than light - You have to change the "resistance" of space.
Yep or find a substance with a lower barrier for electromagnetic waves - but this would probably only be true in another universe, not ours.
@@ArvinAsh frequency is effective
So space has lowest resistance in the whole universe... Bcz it is inversely proportional
If you travel at the speed of light anything behind gets red shifted to black. However everything in front gets blue shifted to the highest possible frequency and energy. You would be hit by gamma radiation from the direction of travel.
So is that the viscosity of dark matter??
I have zero background in physics, yet you explain things in a way I can actually understand. It's fascinating. Thanks!
th-cam.com/users/shortsgwTmITmB7Vs?feature=share my page e=mc2...here i proved experimentally that time travel is possible.
@@bheeshmsharma4497 Sure you did, kid. Now go back in time and buy 10,000 shares of Tesla for ten bucks. :-)
As a physics chump I never knew I'd understand these concepts with such clarity. Thank you Arvin Ash for igniting this new fantastic experience in my understanding of physics especially electromagnetism, relativity and quantum mechanics. You are an academic treasure.
Imagine if we could go back in time and show these great minds the technology that their great works led to. I wonder what they would say about it.
They would kill us lol 😂😂
They would build a time machine, go back and kill theselves
@@rahul0754 underrated comment
"All that effort... All that work... All those late nights... and for what? Facebook and stupid cat videos???" *sigh*
all the realization and the rigorous work ....... which lead to this present of the internet internet era, which was preceded by millions of years of evolution ........ only to realize most of it all is cat videos and cringy tik toks.......and some of it actually being a blessing to many, in the form of videos like this........ and *cough* anime *cough* ............. only for me realizing i should be doing my homework........... amazing isnt it?
I am a doctor and I just love physics..!! And this video answered my two basic questions - why the speed of light is constant in space time fabric and why EM waves move and are not stationary when there is no energy to propagate them..!! It is midnight right now and I am sleepless due to excitement of knowing these concepts ..!! 😍😍Thanks for brilliant video...🙏
Everything in the universe is connected magnetically!! The speed of light is directly proportional to the magnetic field and frequency of light your reviewing and the magnetic field it travels through. E=MC/2 has little to do with anything. Think about this, What is the speed of magnetism?? Every living thing and all matter are byproducts of magnetism. Tap the center of a bar magnet on anything and it will loose weight.
Just imagine the thrill that Maxwell must have felt in that moment when the two speed limits matched.
th-cam.com/users/shortsgwTmITmB7Vs?feature=share my page e=mc2...here i proved experimentally that time travel is possible.
Same when Einstein realised the speed of gravity is the same as the speed of light.
Unfortunately, when he tried to unify gravity with electromagnetism, the strengths of the two forces were so different that it made unifying them impossible.
If only Einstein were alive now.to see m-theory. He'd realise he was on the right track all along.
Everything in the universe is connected magnetically!! The speed of light is directly proportional to the magnetic field and frequency of light your reviewing and the magnetic field it travels through. E=MC/2 has little to do with anything. Think about this, What is the speed of magnetism?? Every living thing and all matter are byproducts of magnetism. Tap the center of a bar magnet on anything and it will loose weight.
Some of these scientist fellas are pretty darn smart.
I think the majority scientists are smart
PadorUmin , he was making a joke.
@@johnbattista9519 Shush there, I know
@@Kuumin i don't think you knew haha
@@SoulDelSol Shush there, I knew
Some of us are gifted, you are clearly one of them Arvin. I never thought someone could make those concepts this easy to get!
I did elec eng 50 years ago and Maxwell's equations were a revelation to me then and still are now. The fact that all of E&M can be summarised in just 4 equations makes the subject the most concisely formulated in all of physics and science - I don't think there any other area that is so compactly expressed. Yes, one needs a lot of advanced calculus to understand and use the equations but that is true of many other areas, such as hydrodynamics and thermodynamics. I"d love a video on Oliver Heaviside next, please? He developed Maxwell's equations and the mathematics of the day (which was somewhat cumbersome) and produced a lot of the mathematical tools that elec engineers use now.
This video is misleading. You can not derive all of EM physics from just those four equations. Sorry wrong! The video is pseudo-science.
This video is just pure genius. I really don’t know who Arvin Ash is - wether he is a teacher or a professor or “just” a superbly intelligent and curious human being - but I admire his lessons. What a great explanation this is… Thank you so much for sharing!!
Bravo, probably the best visual explanation of the electric and magnetic constant that exist on the web. There's a huge shortage of these kind of videos online and you're doing great.
I propose that you make one of these visual explanations for each of the major physical constants. That would be awesome and teach very valuable knowledge to these curious people watching your videos.
Good suggestion! thank you.
@@ArvinAsh Thank you too. I do think your clip missed out on the honorable mention of Zeta nought that relates both the electric and magnetic constant to each other. Furthermore may I suggest The Fine Structure Constant and Von Klitzing's Constant as two possible future videos? :)
Was searching for somebody to explain this for 2 decades now.
"Why is the speed of light - what it is"
Speed of Light is a mythology.
and the answer provided is, because it is. maybe someday another bright guy will figure it out.
@@outtakontroll3334 What if there are infinite universes with different values of permittivity and permeability of space, and we just happened to exist in one of them wondering why it happened to be like that.
PhD here: Superb explanation!
I loved the way you expressed these concepts. Young students could get in love with physics with videos like this!
Im not even studying science now but while i was in the field. I never truly understood , light 'propagate' through space part. We study electromegnetism but never knew light propagate because the 2 field re create itself in a loop
Everything in the universe is connected magnetically!! The speed of light is directly proportional to the magnetic field and frequency of light your reviewing and the magnetic field it travels through. E=MC/2 has little to do with anything. Think about this, What is the speed of magnetism?? Every living thing and all matter are byproducts of magnetism. Tap the center of a bar magnet on anything and it will loose weight.
It has become my truth. I couldn't find that truth in the man made world. I have learned to reject human>>made concepts. Such as nothingness. The ultimate truth is the truth of the universe. I get a feeling of awe and wonder when I think about it. We are the universe observing itself. Or do I know nothing at all? It won't save me from death. But eternity in this form is not possible. A human mind cannot live forever. It's dust must become part of something else. My dust will live again in another form. Truly I am of the universe.
I'm more of philosopher than anything.
@@vincecox8376 *lose
@@Justice_Hammer , and what is the speed of magnetism, It's goes like this.
The height of ones intelligence is directly proportional to the realization of what you don't know..
I woke up feeling big and then I watched this and now I feel super super small and can’t fathom with how intelligent these guys were. Great video as always Arvin.
Don't feel small. Yes, have respect for these geniuses, but you can also do great!
I struggled in my college days understanding this, and in few minutes you just explained it that would take whole semester
That was one of the most interesting talks I've ever listened too. I now understand something I have never understood before but always wondered about.
What I remember after the high school Physics class: Maxwell was some guy who came up with 4 equations in physics (something something electricity & magnetism).
What I will always remember after watching this: Maxwell came up with the insight that light is an electromagnetic wave.
Cool stuff. He imagined a bouncing electric charge on a pole which creates a magnetic field, which creates more electric charges and more electric fields - an infinite loop of electricity and magnetism - i.e: a wave, a continuous super fast and seemingly never-ending wave - LIGHT.
Thanks dude, I love your Physics videos and I use them often in teaching high school Physics and Chemistry courses I teach!! I did my PhD Physics coursework at Purdue University with a 5.9 / 6.0 GPA but I greatly benefit from your videos, well done!!
Now I better understand why the electricity and magnetism fields in copper wires travel faster than the speed of light in free space or 3 X 10^8 m/s , because epsilon and mu in the copper are substantially different in copper than in free space and therefore the fields travel faster than the speed of light number we all have drilled into our heads from our school days!!
Great to hear! All the best in your teaching endeavors.
Are you saying electricity travels in copper wire faster than the speed of light ? Really !
@@Tholkaappiyam There is an upper limit to the speed of an object in a vacuum. But things can travel faster within certain substances, compared to the speed of light WITHIN that substrate. But nothing travels faster than light in a vacuum.
@@ArvinAsh Appreciate the reply and clarity in it 🙏🏼🙂
@@ArvinAsh Thanks I was going to reply with the same rationale as your answer!! Even well educated Physicists sometimes forget that the speed of light is medium dependent!!
Superb job. Maxwell also invented color photography by proving white light is made up of Red Green Blue colors. There's a picture of a bow tie of many colors he made in the 1860's. He was a full proffesor at 25 years old. What an incredible genious!
This is absolutely amazing as it's the first time I've ever begun to feel like I partly understand what the four elegant equations actually mean!
Maxwell was a genius and might be better remembered today had he not died so young.
We should be learning this right after Neuton's Laws, what the hell, this took me almost 20 years to figure out "why is the light also electromagnetism and vice-versa"
Newton's*
Except you would also need to learn vector calculus to understand concepts like curl,divergence, partial differential equations etc.
Thank you so much for this. I am old, but have wondered about things like this my entire life. Until now, my understanding ended with "Maxwell's equations said light went this speed". I feel like I know a little bit more about it now.
This 13 minute video taught me more than I tried to learn in a whole semester.
Yeah I agree, and that in itself is the scary point. I went thru this effect in opamps about two years ago, only learning more here by watch these kinds of vids. But crap, now that Im 66 years old kinda makes it all redundant.
As an Electronics engineer we were taught Norton, Thevenin, Wheatstone but never really got much on Maxwell other than Maxwell's circulating currents mentioned but resolving them using simultaneous equations using Super Position. Learnt decades later that Super position is Quantum which is not the magic people would have you believe.
th-cam.com/users/shortsgwTmITmB7Vs?feature=share my page e=mc2...here i proved experimentally that time travel is possible.
It is unbelievable the great Scientists, Engineers and Inventors that have come out of that small country Scotland. Mindblowing.
If only I was taught physics like Arvin does, oh my lost life! No matter then, I will savour the delightful insights of physics in my remaining late years.
Arvin, the world needs you and more people like you to help us make sense of things. I love watching your videos. Thank you
These constants are like the configuration of the universe, tempting me to learn more about cosmology.
The best explanation of, well almost anything, that I've ever heard.
This is the most brilliant explanation I've seen. And I've seen literally hundreds, on TH-cam, lectures, as an undergrad, as an engineer..wow.
Summary: Why is the speed of light the constant that it is? Because of these two other constants, that we don't know why are what they are.
Still very good presentation though.
The speed of light is a constant... in vacuum... it's passage can be hindered by molecules of air and water... and minerals... different minerals have different density and pass light more or less slowly... as white light enters atmosphere it begins to encounter air molecules... and our atmosphere is made from really the smallest atoms... Carbon, nitrogen oxygen and trace gasses and they are small enough that only blue light is scattered by air molecules... that's why our sky is blue 💙 😍
However "standard model" physics has no real explanation for the phenomenon... the actual speed was determined by the Michaelson-Morely team in the 1880s and 90s... they were actually looking for some fixed point in the Universe, or a "fixed "ether" from which all our calculations could be based... a baseline as it were... and they couldn't find one... they built some amazing equipment... floating iron blocks in mercury... and taking very very careful measurements.. their work led to Planck and Einstein... and a bunch of extremely thoughtful men and women around the turn of the century in 1900.... Einstein did not know about distant galaxies as he was growing up... it was Hubble in 1920 or so that saw stars in the fuzzy patches of the sky... and the most brilliant people only have the information of their own time...
I am pretty sure it was Einstein who said:
in science we stand on the shoulders of greatness... to see just a bit further down the road... he wrote the books I have for the general population... and, of course they had neither radio nor television... people went to lectures and discussed the issues... and the money was not backed by gold.... it was gold .. but very few people can think outside the proverbial box... Nikola Tesla was such a person... I have almost finished my Theory of Everything... this particular subject is a large part of it... and I figured out the math this morning... I will post it when I am finished... it's certainly based on standard model physics... my father was one of the army people who built the weapons tested in New Mexico... he went on to build missle bases along the east German border with which to blow up evil east Germans and Poles, I suppose... prevent Stalin's tanks from rolling over the same people... even though Stalin was dead and gone... he scared the bejabbers out my dad... who was a veteran with 2 purple hearts.... he built the scaffolding for the first one and volunteered for the building of the second weapon. with a brand new BSc... in physics... from Berkeley... after threatening evil east Germans and Poles he retired and taught reactor theory at the graduate level at Catholic University in Washington DC... I am not sure why he was not struck by lightning... but... he didn't suffer fools gladly or otherwise... and he did not enjoy teaching... unless you understood him... I got the full treatment... about like my posts... and replies... the devil makes me do it...
Richard Feynman talks about most of the things I have been working on... he could see it... one of his lectures he talked about light passing through space ==>> in all directions... and it doesn't interfere with the other sources of light... its passage through space-time is continually passing through light from other sources... and, apparently, it has no effect on either...
Until you get down to the Planck length level.... we say the Universe is flat in all directions... none are preferred directions... until you get down there to 1.16169 × 10-³⁵... and then, light waves create positive and negative interference... so the up waves are reinforced... or the down waves are too.. like the double slit experiment of Feynman... except really big... and they create sub quark particles... when the energy is sufficient in all 3... it takes 3 quarks to create a hydrogen atom... 2 ups and a down quark... and the choice of words is not accidental... quarks are toroidal vortices... there are 3 types, with more or less interchangeable components in each of the 3 ... the most energetic has a life expectancy measured in fempto seconds... and it devolves to the next lower energy level... the flow of energy goes from equator to pole... then pole to equator... then pole to pole... which creates up and down quarks... which create new hydrogen atoms continuously... all around us all the time... that's why our Universe is expanding... it needs more room... and the more room there is... the more new stuff is created.... hydrogen has one thing none of the others have... ==>> duration
Everything we see started out as a hydrogen atom.... the fusion of hydrogen into helium is the primary source of energy... for our Universe... ... and other stuff... stars can fuse elements up to iron.... it's the heavy elements that we want and need for a high tech society... especially platinum... but I have a sort of breeder reactor in my back yard... and I find elements up to and including plutonium... it's notable for beta emissions... and shows up in infrared as very bright orange-ish red... and it can be done safely... because they used the cubic structure of the crystals to make the maximum size cube and accomplish neutron bombardment... it's not my idea... I just found it
The cubes of radioactive material are too small to get anywhere near critical mass... it's the conclusion of my father's research.. RIP Col Carew
My father told me the heavier elements are created in supernovae... and it requires 4 generations of stars to arrive at the 92 naturally occurring elements... so... iron is way down in the second row of the transition metals... we used the periodic table to predict, and find all 92... it's not magic... it's physics and chemistry ⚗
And each proton electron pair began life as an hydrogen atom... and the way they combine with each other... also governs what we call the speed of light... here's the major problem with things actually going faster than 300Mm/sec² .. you can't see them in linear motion except in one place... a la Heisenberg... it's so small and very very fast that we have been looking for neutrinos... neutrons, I think, with a velocity greater than 300Mm/sec²... rotation is different and when the whatever it is reaches light speed... all of a sudden... we can see 👀 it... it appears to be solid little spheres... a la Feynman....and the way they go round and round has everything to do with the storage of energy ==>> in what we call mass... at exactly E= Mc²... a la Maxwell ... that's because, they are 2 aspects of the same thing 🤔
For more information
Starfirediamondmines@gmail.com
The StarFire Family wishes you Peace and Prosperity Ad Infinitum 🙏
Peace ✌☮
@@richardcarew4708 if you used punctuation correctly people just might actually read what you wrote.
@@earlspencer7863 Too much Facebook...it's extemporaneous.. my apologies.. I am going through and correcting at the moment... I am open to suggestions...
I write like ee cummings... the poet... it's stream of thought... and I have a lot to say... and I have been really sick... salt and radiation poisoning... it's not much fun
cosmology by ee cummings... or something.. no worries mate.. you can understand, if you so desire
I find it very readable... and clear and concise... quantum foam is not my idea.. it's old science from a man or men and women who first proposed it in 57 I think, and experimentally verified in 64.... actually I really didn't make any of it up... maybe the math... a step beyond tensor calculus... look up my videos... on minerals and other stuff... the photos are developed with Snapseed, with help from the Google babe... she does the math;;☆》... it's definitely learning in both directions... she's a good friend
HDR is an iterational combination of the same image at different settings... gives details otherwise unseen... 50 different settings, each time we call the function... and I use 3 to 5 separate calls for each image... each time we adjust each pixel to its neighbors.. all the way around... in 3 dimensions... so we look at shadows for the 3D information... each time... and each time we get an order of magnitude more information... the still images I have posted at the moment are on Pinterest...
Susskind calls them voxels... pixels with volume... I call em cubits... in honor of global warming... and Bill Cosby's Noah story.. ;;☆》... and each relationship has to be accounted for... each time.. it's not simple cubes... it's a lot more like a Rubics Cube... I never had time to figure out what the secret was... I was thinking of this stuff... before I learned programming... it's the way to account for changes in the environment... and in a plasma or... any other system with continuous change over time... and then all those cubits are going round and round really really fast... and bumping into each other... in a closed system entropy is the final explanation as the Universe expanded with a finite amount of energy... it's not true... and it appears that all of us forgot about flat Universes and being all the same... so if I use my development techniques to create more detail by manufacturing 5 orders of magnitude more information, and it brings in near and far infrared and ultraviolet... simply because each cubit is 10,000 times smaller than the default acuity... guess what I found?.. another one of those magic things, dark matter is said to account for the missing 80% of our Universe... it's there... they absolutely fill the sky, and far away galaxies appear red when they are moving away from us... blue galaxies are moving towards us... and yellow is sideways I think. There's a few I can't explain.. however...
If==>> the Universe began in a single point, then, indeed, we should see a preferred direction.. with all the galaxies around us moving in the same direction.. approaching on one side and leaving on the other... this is not what I find at all... and it certainly verifies whoever said our Universe is flat... it really is... until you get down to the Planck length level
The passage of light through vacuum creates vacuum foam... and space ==>> is not a "thing " which requires making or a beginning and end.. that's anthropomorphic.. and.. the math actually works better when you realize some infinities are very real.. because our Universe is infinite in both Time and Space.. space is the distance between 2 "things"... it's not a thing... it's the absence of things.... so the passage of light also creates Time... and when space-time bends it is done with time like particles... Einstein describes an elevator.. and light approaching as it ascends... and the light approaching the point where it began moving, and it reaches the elevator at the same time.. I have pictures of this phenomenon as we drive by saguaro cactus... upright citizens of the desert I live in... and as I pass by at 70kph... I get great details... but the top of these imminently upright citizens is bent in the direction of travel... science is all about measuring the Universe... so I do it regularly just to see 👀
amazing what you find.. when we take time to look
Great job Arvin. If only all educators could explain as you do; lucid but without losing the profoundness of the idea, the world of learning would be a much more interesting place.
I needed this
Edit: I am finally satisfied and I cannot thank you enough, Professor you are doing a great job
Now we have a better understanding of reality ty💞
Great job explaining the speed of light. It blows the mind to realize that the universe is like an ocean filled with uncountable waves of causality in every direction.
This is the first time i've heard it explained this way or i'm finally starting to get it. Brilliant explanation.
Beware it is pseudo-science.
I knew part of this but not all the details and as always Prof Arvin Ash ties all the lose ends together to make a very neat pack of history , Sir you are a rock of knowledge like no other , i plug your channel every chance i get for good reason you have the answers that most do not come up with , Thank you for what you do for physics now and in the future.
Anyone around London: The location where Maxwell lived (when doing research in London) is marked out near Kensington Gardens
That was nicely done. Thanks for putting together a easy to follow path of how the speed of light is bounded by the interaction between electric field and magnetic fields.
Arvin Ash does it again with the best explanation of Maxwell's laws. Keep this up man
You have summed up a semester of physics in thirteen minutes. Amazing!
Everything in the universe is connected magnetically!! The speed of light is directly proportional to the magnetic field and frequency of light your reviewing and the magnetic field it travels through. E=MC/2 has little to do with anything. Think about this, What is the speed of magnetism?? Every living thing and all matter are byproducts of magnetism. Tap the center of a bar magnet on anything and it will loose weight.
One minor point; your images that show the relationship between magnetic and electric fields (like at 4:29) violate the right-hand-rule.
Yep. We saw that at the last minute, but did not feel it was important enough to delay publication. Good eye.
@@ArvinAsh Unfortunately, the phase relation of the orange and green arrows staring at 7:14 is also incorrect, there should be a pi/2 phase between them (as one goes through its midpoint = changing the fastest, the other should be maximal - exactly according to Maxwell's equations).
@@problemat1que The near field and the far field are different in this respect: In the near field (depending on the source limited to a distance from the source less than 2 wavelengths, in many cases) a large part of the electromagnetic energy is swinging away from the source and then back to the source; therefore it's called reactive. And yes, you are right, in order to behave so, the phase difference has to be nearly pi/2.
The energy in the far field is gone beyond the point of no return, there is only an energy flow away from the source. This is exclusively possible if the phase difference between electric and magnetic field is zero.
The transition from nearly pi/2 to zero is a continuous one, of course.
So, we might assume that the animation shows the far field.
Remember that Maxwell was an Englishman! 😄
.
Thank you for sharing this informative video on Maxell' s equations. A remarkable simplified understanding of electro-magnetic waves. As a retired telecommunications technical officer in Telikom PNG Limited specializing in microwave radio, UHF, VHF, HF & solar power I must commend you for this video. Greetings from Madang, Papua New Guinea!
I watch a lot of content on TH-cam and it is extremely rare that I will give a thumbs up to a video. But this video got one without hesitation. I applaud this explanation. Just wow!
Thanks my friend. Glad you found it helpful.
When Einstein was asked if he stood on Newton's shoulders, he said "No, I stand on the shoulders of Maxwell"
"I stole most of my ideas" - Alpert Bigbrein
I liked all the parts of the video until he talked about Einstein whose relativity suggestions of time and space does not explain any natural observations where everyone elses equations do.
@@youfile2 Another brainless narcissist be like "Anything I don't know don't exist and anything I can't understand are just wrong". Typical.
@@youfile2 muon paradox? GPS time dilation? Orbit of Mercury? Bending of light around large masses? Black holes?
@@youfile2 lol, it explains all of them.
Imagine how sick it must've been to realize that light itself is this electromagnetic wave thing that you just came up with.
I'd bust the biggest of nuts.
@Robert Slackware I think you're confusing it with gravitational lensing, which has nothing to do with electromagnetism.
@Robert Slackware As Florian said, it's not really the magnetism "pulling" the light or anything, but it doesn't have to be gravity either. Small objects bend light around them slightly, but that's just because of how waves work. In fact you can make a lens out of a solid opaque disc, as a small amount of the light will deflect around the edges. It has a really long focal length and is very dim, but you can do it. I think part of it is the uncertainty principle, if the wave passes through a very thin slit, you constrain the position very tightly, but that means the velocity in that axis is less defined. Similar thing with edges, it bends around because the photons that pass very close to the edge have their certainty in velocity reduced perpendicular to the edge, so they spread out.
@Science Revolution W-what? What is this rubbish.
Electromagnetism is a property of space itself, it doesn't need a carrier, that's why it's called a wave. Antennas create those waves.
These things are observable fact, you can just look at it.
Are you a child?
@Science Revolution No. That's just literally wrong. I don't know what to tell you. Space has plenty of properties. You can bend and stretch it. If you couldn't, gravity wouldn't exist.
I'm a communications engineer, I send waves through empty space for a living.
@Science Revolution An antenna, or any wire in the real physical world, is not just a theoretical wire. It's a resistor, a capacitor, and an inductor all rolled into one. The capacitance allows an amount of charge, and therefore current, to flow into it before it is saturated (when the antenna has the same voltage as the source). That's basically what voltage is, the concentration or depletion of electrons in one area compared to another. It's like electron pressure. You pump air into and out of a tank, the tank is still the same size but the pressure goes up and down.
Holy moly, when you showed me that image about light, I knew I would be thanking you for the rest of my life.
From this video, I could understand how great these mathematicians were. It was beyond my imagination. Thanks.
Fascinating explanation, given in a wonderfully intuitive way. Thanks. I've been looking at these equations for a long time as an engineer without really appreciating the significance of the achievement until now.
Wonderful! I know what you mean. Engineering profs rarely talk about the big picture.
Unfortunately, those of us who really understand the equations know that the video is false pseudo-science. Sorry it is mostly BS. You will get lost in mistakes if you believe it is correct.
@@harryr.6744 *"If you believe..?"*
Here we go again, *"... another not so innovative way a belief system trying to raise its ugly head yet again to interfere with, yet again, in trying to debunk a solid time tested scientific theory; UGGHHHH!!!!!"* Let's hear your logical or intuitive explanations that doesn't waste our time with baseless belief systems.
I remember a lesson from high school where my teacher described a visualization of electron flow in a wire as like a pipe full of ping pong balls to represent the electrons in a wire. When you push another ping ball in (applied voltage), a ping pong ball pops out immediately. The individual balls don't need to travel the full length of the pipe before they flow out the other end. The flow happens instantaneously even if the speed of the individual ball travel is slow. This is the speed of causality.
That's true, but the flow of individual electrons does become important when you're talking about semiconductors. Transistors, processors, graphics cards, etc. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_mobility
Yes, except there is a difference between when having gaps between the ping pong balls (instantaneous) and having no gaps ( not instantaneous). There are gaps between electrons - but do they need to make physical contact to create electron flow?
@@ac290741 there will always be a gap. Matter has space between atoms.
Moving electrons creates electric current that can be very very slow. However the moving electrons create electro magnetic waves that propagate with the speed of light. So television signals can be sent down a copper wire at the speed of light with almost no electric current.
@@hamidsharifi8295 - Electromagnetic propagation down a wire is different speed than electromagnetic wave through a vacuum or through the atmosphere for that matter. Each medium has a different permeability and dielectric constant.
I was astounded to see the velocity equation. This was a eureka moment for me, and seeing the mathematical derivation for the speed of light for the first time was a beautiful moment. Thanks for a wonderful video.
Glad it was helpful!
My man’s really got the whole notch game mastered.
People look up to Einstein, but Einstein looked up to Maxwell.
True ❤
Very true. Maxwell is underrated.
Tesla as well got high praise from Einstein
Hi Arvin
I was searching for an explanation about space time fabric itself. What it is made of? Is it pure energy or it is something which we still know nothing about? Please make a detailed video on this topic.
See my video on "loop quantum gravity" - this is one of theories about what space-time is made up of.
i guess space-time is made of... space-time?
Rumi Mollick ba dum tsss
Well it's made of a lot of fields, for example the gravitational field or em field. Then there is something called quantum foam which says that at the quantum level space is dynamic and had a lot of disturbances namely quantum fluctuations. It means the existence of virtual particles. That's kinda the leading theory I think. I'm that not that certain.
This guy deserves more credit. Without him, modern physics wouldn't even exist.
This is the BEST explanation of the speed of light I have ever heard and seen, THANK YOU Arvin Ash :-)
Oy, wish my EE/Physics professors could have simplified the overarching concepts to begin with as you have done...bravo!
The irony though the reason the speed of light is constant is because of two other constants
These are the parameters you set when you create a simulated universe
mhmmh kinda, thats why the multiverse theory has that much support, becuase these are the constants why find just for THIS modelled universe, these constant can vary between " all possible numbers" so you can get almost every tipe of universe
You can look at this in an alternative way. The velocity of a wave depends only on the properties of the medium it propagates through - for light the properties mentioned in the video. Also, this velocity is relative to the "static" medium in which it propagates. But what is the medium in which light propagates? It has been called ether at the end of 19th century. To satisfy Galilean relativity, the ether in a closed room should move together with the room, otherwise one could sense the ether wind and know he is motion. The velocity of light relative to the ether could not be detected, and this led Einstein to the understanding that there is no ether. The velocity of light is constant because there is no medium relative to which it can be defined. The velocity of light is not relative to something, but absolute.
The Michael-Morley experiment in which the speed of light was measured demonstrated the non-existence of ether. When the compass orientation was rotated for each measurement in 90 degree increments, no measurable difference among the measurements was detected!
@@reuven1961 @
Pepe el Pollo
Einstein later agreed that General Relativity's space-time was necessarily a real material since it had mechanical properties. He said that space-time is another word for a non-immobile ether. The facts you both mentioned are the statu quo before GR.
This was truly a most enlightening video. My understanding of light as an electromagnetic wave is much broader.
I questioned myself about the nature of the speed of light, it led me here, and I left very satisfied.
The two biggest quests are still unanswered: why does free space resist the formation of an electric field, and why does free space resist the formation of a magnetic field?
@@MrMleewilson Good questions, plus one.
If you'd been my prof back in university, I would have won gold medal in physics.
What an fantastic and incredibly well explained video ....now just binge watched about 20+ of your videos! Many thanks.
I love this channel!!
Everything in the universe is connected magnetically!! The speed of light is directly proportional to the magnetic field and frequency of light your reviewing and the magnetic field it travels through. E=MC/2 has little to do with anything. Think about this, What is the speed of magnetism?? Every living thing and all matter are byproducts of magnetism. Tap the center of a bar magnet on anything and it will loose weight.
Thanks for the collaboration! Thanks for expanding our understanding of Maxwell’s contributions!. Thanks for the collaboration! Thanks for expanding our understanding of Maxwell’s contributions!.
Thank you for explaining this so beautifully. I never knew of Maxwell's thought experiment and it makes so much sense now that I understood that.
I've never heard this explained before...absolutely fascinating. Thank you
In the animation, the electric field vector and the magnetic field vector are shown incorrectly. The maximum amplitude of each should be in relative quadrature, not be synchronized
Are you talking about this section?
th-cam.com/video/FSEJ4YLXtt8/w-d-xo.html
I think you're right. Because it's the CHANGE in the magnetic field or charge that generates the other field, the maximum size of one set of arrows should be when the other field is changing the most, i.e., as it descends to zero and inverts. Not at its peak, when it is changing the least. I'd think that the arrows should be offset by half, one peaking where the other is at zero. (I don't know what "relative quadrature" means, so I don't know if that's what you mean.)
This is a common question. Actually the video diagram is correct, but you are correct to deduce that the diagram is false. The statement that the fields create each other as in this video is false. They do not act as is explained in the video. That is pseud-science. The video is based on false pseudo-science understanding of Maxwell's equations. The fields do not act as the video says. The diagram is correct, the explanation in the video is incorrect.
I took physics 45 years ago. This is the best explanation I've ever heard.
Omg you just blew my mind!
So the only limiting factor for the speed of light (or any other propagating EM wave) is the speed in which the E and H fields *interact*/induce one-another, which is determined by permittivity and permeability of the medium. Very interesting!
Actually it may be the other way around. It seems that it's the speed of light that is fixed and embedded into our space. Also the permittivity of vacuum seems to be an elementary property, defining the relationship between static electrical charge and force. It's rather magnetism and the permeability of vacuum that are imaginary. Both could be viewed as our explanation for relativistic effects of moving charges. But, right, from Maxwell's equations it seems obvious that it's the permittivity and permeability that jointly define the speed of light.
I’ve spent well over 20,000 hours looking for North and south poles where iron particles will gather and indicate a crack in a piece of steel made into turbine blades, car race car inspections or structural steel. And it is all based on this.
Jay Devine Doubt if many folks know that word.
That was fantastic. Thanks arvin.👍
this explanation tops every other one by a light-year-leap! You delivered knowledge without the "diva-blind" down. As simple as it truly is. Most deserved follow and like ever given! thank you!
The ease with which you explain difficult concepts is amazing. You do have a gift.
Maxwell, one of the greatest geniuses in history
9:00 Marvellous explanation.
First off, grovelling apology for putting you on hold for THG. (busted). In my defence, this subject is well known to me.
I think Maxwell is better known of here in the UK, at least I hope so. Your explanation is succinct and easy to follow as always.
Thank you sir, Blessings.
No worries, my friend. Unfortunately, Maxwell is not well known to most Americans.
Most Americans do know about Maxwell - It's great coffee!
11:03 Goosebumps😢
Alvin - brilliant - thanks again. I still wonder why c is regarded as one of the most fundamental constants in physics when it is derived from two other unexplained constants of nature: permeability and permittivity. This shows once again that physics is about creating mathematical laws to model reality rather than to actually explain reality itself.
Huh . . . ? C is not regarded, it is. I bet you gotta' better explanation of reality than those who are JUST dreaming up mathematical laws to model reality by, don't you ? Your answer has to do with the Hairy Thunderer doesn't it ? Come on, be honest. Why are you confused ?
I love this guy. Best description I've ever heard of Maxwell's equations. I'm subscribing...You bring incredible value Arvin
Thank you. Welcome aboard!
@@ArvinAsh You're welcome Arvin. It's a delight to discover such value,,,such clarity. This speaks to the quality of the presenter. Cheers
Me, madly waving my fridge magnets around my head: "I'M CREATING ELECTRICITY!!"
(Edited to add that I'm a new enthusiastic subscriber, brought over by The History Guy.)
This is such a great explanation. I can't thank you enough.
Glad it was helpful!
This is one of the best productions I've seen!
Fenomenal
Very clear..I am a retired electrical engineer and this explanation of Maxwell theory reminds me of the old time