Salazar's Dictatorship in Portugal - Cold War DOCUMENTARY
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 8 ก.ย. 2024
- Our historical documentary series on the history of the Cold War continues with a video on the post-war Portugal, as we talk about Salazar's dictatorship.
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My father fought in Angola leaving behind my mom and the prospects of building a family. This period of the Portuguese history have so many details hard to explain.
Growing up I was with my father, at least one time per years, sitting across the battalion’s get together lunch. First hand listen to the old guys story’s was something that I will never forget.
My grandmother is still alive, with 97 years old, the story of the Alentejo famine ,that she been thru, still take the cake for me.
She remembers the Salazar words about the WW2 . “I will save us from war, but will not save us from famine”
Well, my family made it until today.
Good video, and good effort on the Portuguese words! ❤
From what I read about the Carnations' Revolution it was an amazing event! Abraços do Brasil!
Here's a song by Chico Buarque about the Revolution - "So much sea". Brazil would only go back into full democracy 10 years later in 1985.
th-cam.com/video/OPRamfFppZ0/w-d-xo.html
Not amazing for Angola, which was thrown into a civil war with millions of deaths by the Carnation Revolution@@maxheadrom3088
Respect and love from me, a South African. Some of my family fought in Angola, mozambique and swa
My father also fought in the Portuguese Colonial Wars. Que Deus abençoe você e sua família
My great uncles were also missioned out to Angola and I believe Mozambique, it was an unfortunate time, all Salazar cared about was holding outer lands
Salazar didn't leave office voluntarily. He had suffered a stroke and was eased out by Caetano, without his knowing it. He died the following year (1970).
As an 11 year travelling back from Beira in Mozambique to Rhodesia, the day Mozambique Independence was granted, it meant nothing to me at the time but was to have a huge impact on the Rhodesian Bush war. This makes everything so much clearer, 4 plus decades later. Thank you.
For the ones who were fighting it meant everything.
Unfortunately today Mozambique is in an absolute economic mess and one of the poorest countries in the world.
@@gerhardbenade5869 As is Zimbabwe. Go figure.
@puraLusa Very true. I was too young to understand the ramifications.
Mozambique could be so rich if it weren't for the commies...
That country has everything to be the richest nation in the world.
But is one of the poorer...
As a Brazilian, we do not study much in school the History of Portugal so, videos like this, help fill the void !
I never learned, until now, anything about this period of the Portuguese History.
Excellent video as usual. Keep up the excellent work and may God bless you always !
It is on purpose so that you brazilians do not raise a sense of "going back in time" and embracing an independent Brazil
@@FNDMA ???
Whats your problem man !?!
@@aryehyehudahajzenberg9503 no problem at all. I am just making a statement. Do you think i have a problem? Why?
We also don't get a lot of the Brazilian history. Not even the parts that so common. Such as the civil war opposing Dom Joao and Dom Duarte and the succeeding independence of Brazil. Although, this is all very recent, so recent that 20 years ago wouldn't be taught with all of this bluntness.
???
What do you mean by that, exactly?
I'm Portuguese and I am very proud of my Brazilian brothers and sisters, who have been enjoying their independence from Portugal for centuries.
I was born in 1954, in Mozambique, then an overseas province of Portugal. I went to school, we had all kinds of pupils, white, black, brown, yellow, catholic, muslim, hindu, buddhist, etc. Portuguese Youth (Mocidade Portuguesa) was a compulsary discipline, where boys learned patriotism, bushcraft, sailing, marching, etc., and girls knitting, cooking, child raising etc. It was a highly conservative society. Respect was universal. Poor black kids belonged to “caixa”, free food, clothing, etc. There was no famine, whenever a natural disaster occurred, government response was quick and effective. No NGO crap was needed. Crime was virtually zero. Rhodesians and South Africans flocked to Mozambican beaches and restaurants to enjoy good food, fun and fiesta. Towns were clean. Hospitals had real doctors, ambulances worked, medicine was available. Today, 2024 kids go to school under a mango tree, hungry. If a girl wants to pass the exam, she may have to sleep with the teacher. Crime and drugs rule the country. NGO’s spend most time in good expensive restaurants. Polititians are corrupt. Police is corrupt. Judges are corrupt. It is one of the poorest in Africa. In 1974 it was the 7th economy, only behind SA, Rhodesia, Angola in subsahara Africa. So, Salazar wasn’t that bad. Definately better then the baboons that rule today.
It's a pity that leftists will not agree with your first hand knowledge of the society. They want to think that all Europeans were racists. Although, I think Portugal could of held on to Mozambique for longer, if more black people had entered the middle class.
Nice try at whitewashing the crimes of the Portuguese colonial "empire"
If the Portuguese had concentrated their efforts in one place they may have pushed back the inevitable for a few years. The armed movements inside Angola (where the colonial war was the most successful) had practically been pushed to the brink of collapse since not only did they fight the Portuguese, but also among themselves. The Carnation Revolution is what won them their War of Independence.
Yes, and we the Portuguese people are very happy that they won it. By our own action in the streets we forced our government to stop the colonial war and give immediate and total independence to the colonies.
"If the Portuguese had concentrated their efforts in one place they may have pushed back the inevitable for a few years". Borderline starvation , no electricity or running water outside of big cities, and mass flight from the country,
yeah your righ we needed to concetrate more
@@bernardobiritikiseethe
@@roddeazevedo The only portuguese people that dont agree with this are the modern fascists of the "Chega" party. All the rest of the portuguese population rejoices on the 25th of April, for freedom, the end of fascism, the end of colonial opression, the start of a national health service, free and universal education etc Im sorry your small minority of ignorants is stuck in the middle ages.
@@roddeazevedo Yes because at least there was no poilitical repression and no concentration camps LOL. Just that question shows how ignorant you are
We Wish to Have a Feature episode about the Philippines under Ferdinand E. Marcos from 1965 to 1986 and Under Martial Law from 1972 to 1981
Sure, I am looking forward to this episode of the Cold War Channel
Better include that his son is the current president of the Philippines
"Cough cou-fuck'm cough"
The fact that the Americans supported Marcos must be included.
Considering this channel also covered the Huk Rebellion I believe the subject will be tackled soon. There is also videos in regard to Indonesia during the Cold War so I expect a video in time.
@@Venezolano410 They were right to support him . He did far more for the country's industrialization that the Aquino bum that replaced him
I currently know almost nothing about the history of Portugal outside of some of its exploration and colonization efforts. Thank you for this look into Portugal's modern history. I look forward to future videos on the topic!
God be with you out there everybody. ✝️ :)
Ah yes one of the other dictatorships aside from Franco in the Iberian Peninsula that isn't discussed that often. Thank You, Cold War for doing a video on this topic
Franco was good
@@American_Traditionalist1527Franco was the worst Salazar was the best
@@American_Traditionalist1527 yeah, a very good GENOCIDE!
isn't discussed because it was allowed to exist after World War 2. and i'm glad we didn't need anybody's help to end the dictatorship.
@@gideonmoseri4850Franco was a mass murderer, he used to be a soldier, therefore it is normal that he is more brutal than Salazar, who was a mere bureaucrat
i worked with a bunch of Portuguese dudes and they sure had some surprising views on Salazar. lots of urban legend styled stories about his actions
Do you know that Salazar was voted the greatest portuguese in history in a tv show? That shocked the portuguese left and polititians
Yes a large number of portuguese fascists exist to this day. Though things wont end very well for them if they try to do their thing again because now we are more than ready
@@roddeazevedo Yeah im sure that the portuguese government then a member of NATO was very friendly towards Moscow (??????). You fascists dont even pretend to know what you are talking about ....
@@roddeazevedo Falangist freak
Within historic terms, the first era of Salazar regime was like a Second Regeneration period (similar to the Sá de Bandeira authoritarian Government during the 19th Century Monarchy), creating the judicial and beaucratic legislation and buildings after a long 40 years hiatus. The Later Monarchy and First Republic had been a very unstable period, which the international environment plays an huge role.
Once the WW2 ends, Salazar refused either to leave or perform political reform, and this become more evident on 1950 and 1960 decade when the economy starts to interchange with the outside, and the a new generation starts to dismiss the ancient dictator.
Around 1970, the Youth follows the Rolling Stones over Salazar, and a nascent Middle classes demands social and political rights. Caetano was no Suarez, otherwise it could started to dismantle the old regime straight on 1971 and dismiss the ultras. The Revolution of 1974 was inevitable to perform the necessary rupture. Even on Spain, any same beaucrat knew that Franco was done, and reformation was inevitable.
Thank you for this outstanding episode! The quality and how it was so effectively able to give a fair but not blind view of a society I knew nothing about in multiple areas is nothing short of amazing.
Fair ? Yeah I mean if we ignore some obvious omissions like concentration camps, how Salazar was a big fanboy of Mussolini and even had a portrait of him in his ministerial desk, a couple of bombing campaings in angola which used napalm to delete whole villages, the rabid persecution and incarceration of all democrats but especially the communists who organized in clandestine conditions and were able to resist the entire dictatorship all the while printing and distributing the ONLY uncensored press in the country at the time (its journal Avante!). Oh and lest we forget that Salazar's Portugal was the only country in the world to oficicially have a period of national mourning (3 days) for the death of Hitler .... The totally not fascist and totally not Mussolini fanboy regime declared national mourning for HITLER yes.... the only country
That is to say keep exploring, this video did a pretty bad job at painting a fair and complete image of the regime and portuguese society under it.
@@renatopereira2315 I very much knew he was a fascists dictator (fascist love fascists of their fellow big daddy club of their time, they were contemporaries after all, nothing I didn't knew already) who torturted anyone who pissed him off and didn't want in the slightest to give up on the imperial ventures in place like Mozambique regardless of what it took, but I was more interested in the daily life of the country for the average person like education, health, work, the whole "Lusotropicalism" that explains so much about the country's vision of itself and how it dealt with its colonies, things like that, things I didn't already know in other words.
I thank you for your concerns but you don't need to worry about me missing some context (outside the Hitler day, that's a weird new thing I didn't knew about), I'm no simp for autocrats of totalitarian regimes.
@@Game_Herodon't give Renato much attention, he is a sad commie mourning for the Soviet Union...
Lusotropicalism theory was developed in Brazil. Portugal embraced it as it was convenient.
That was not how Portugal saw itself.
The portuguese relation with their colonies was that they were no colonies, they were part of Portugal.
And the people in the colonies saw themselves as portuguese as well.
In Mozambique the vast majority of soldiers fighting the war were from Mozambique, defending their home against an invasion.
When the uprising began protestors had machetes. By the end of the indepence war they had Fighter Jets...
And after independence the civil war kept going for decades.
It was never about independence, it was about natural resources wealth and who would steal it.
The Soviet Union ended before the Mozambique Civil War so by the time there was a cease-fire there was no one to explore the resources nor any means left to do so, just destruction and abject poverty.
As a Portuguese, I'm very happy for this video :) but one thing... while the economy was blooming, the people were starving, miserable wages and this in the cities, while in the interior things were even worse, not to mention the high rate of illiteracy, as well as high repression by the fascist regime.
In other words, you are communist...
As a Portuguese I am very angry at this video exactly for the same reasons you just stated. This video makes Salazar's regime look like a harmless little thing when in reality, as we Portuguese know and learn, it was a fascist dictatorship that relied on the oppression and starvation of the rural and urban poor, political terror against any political party opposed to Salazar and the super-exploitation of the African population which were effectively treated as serfs (treated as serfs in the 1960's ....).
Of course coming from an American content creator we couldnt expect more than covering up support of america's fascist allies and the idea that "corporate profits high = good economy for everyone".
@@renatopereira2315 por isso mesmo dei aquele apontamento. Não vivi aquele tempo, mas os meus pais sim e sabem bem o que passaram, o meu pai até esteve na Índia a quando da invasão e esteve como prisioneiro de guerra e quando voltou foi tratado como um traidor. Enfim. E ainda há "gente" que quer estes tempos de volta!
This is something I also was surprised. During the 60s, I know that portugese emigrated to france to work mainly in the construction industry ( building the new suburbs in french cities, in particular Paris). I guess if they emigrated it was because the Salazar regime was not that rosy..
@@henrimichelpierreplana4332 yes, many also run to other countries to evade going to the war. Sadly many now support the new fascist party here.
This dictatorship ruined so many people and entire families. Fun fact: Cristiano Ronaldo's father was a victim of this too. Cristiano's father was drafted into the army as a very young man and sent to an absolutely suicidal, terrible war in Angola, where these soldiers saw, did, and suffered terrible things. A friend of Cristiano's father, from the army, who still lives in Madeira, spoke about it once in-depth, to the media, I remember reading the article. I can't even repeat it here. It would mess up anyone's psyche, so it's no wonder that Cristiano's father came back from the war with PTSD and started drinking. I personally saw such veterans - they are the living dead. In her biography, Ronaldo's mother said that ''Cristiano's father's only ambition was to drink himself to death.'' - actual quote.
And unfortunately, he managed to do it when his kidneys did not last. Jose died in 2005. Cristiano was already starting to be a big star in 2005, he tried to save his dad, transferred him to one of the best hospitals in London, but his father died anyway. It was reportedly a terrible shock for Cristiano, and he received the news of his father's death at the training camp of the Portuguese national team, from the then-coach Luis Felippe Scolari. Also, Cristiano's mother worked very hard throughout her entire life, including going to France as a cleaner to support the children, because the father was unable to function normally.
Congratulations for the very informative video. Concerning the investment in education under Salazar, however, it should be stressed that it has been dramatically lower than for instance that of Franco's Spain. This resulted in a level of illiteracy around 1970 unparalled in Europe and even in most of Latin America. It was the Veiga Simão reform under Caetano and most of all the massive investment by the democratic regime that changed this. A similar landscape aplies to healthcare. Healthcare levels under Estado Novo (eg infant mortality) were catastrophic, and the half a century of democratic regime paved the way to a worldwide example of healthcare coverage.
There is a movie, Night Train to Lisbon that got me interested in the Carnation Revolution and Portugal generally. Thank you for your videos about topics rarely or less covered in standard history classes.
The Portuguese possessions in the Indian Subcontinent were never part of India, they had their own Christian Hindu-Portuguese culture and identity. The Indian Union had no legitimate claim to those territories and shouldn't have been allowed to take them by the International Community. Like it happened in East Timor, regarding Indonesia's illegal land grab, the International Community should have organized a referendum in Portuguese India to let its people decide its own future (remaining Portuguese, becoming independent countries or becoming part of the Indian Union). Today, the culture of Portuguese India is fading away and under attack by the Hindu extremists, to the point that BJP, the party of the current prime-minister is openly insisting in the idea that all Portuguese legacy should be erased, namely that the splendorous Catholic Churches of Goa should be demolished and replaced by Hindu temples. The Portuguese language is no longer taught there (being even surpassed by English) with the exception of some Portuguese courses promoted by the Orient Foundation (Fundação Oriente).
Hindu extremists are more in north india where communal riots happen aftermath of partition hindu and muslim. South Indians are mostly secular no riots, Hyderabad is an example of harmony lot of Muslims live together with Hindus .
Goa was a trading post and never a expansion of Portugal Bassein was lost to maratha empire in 1737, the Portuguese never claim bassein back
I've been living in Portugal for 16 months, and these years are very raw for the older generation here. No one wants to talk about these times. The only remembrances seem to be the street names - our own street is named after a young military officer who died in Angola.
Salazar was a hero who died with nothing after ruling for almost 50 years. The reason you hear little about him is because the left/communists have been gaining power and influence since the fall of the Estado Novo, so of course they want you to forget about all the Communists and traitors that Salazar jailed or deported to Brazil and other places.......
@@Gman539rapaz, nao sabes do que falas😂
@@Fred_the_1996 eu bem sei, voce nao sabe a verdade, sabes ser ou papagaiu dos comnistas.....
@@Gman539the "traitors" were just like Salazar... they were people they were the poor and the hungry who wanted a better country for them and their people. Whats the value of money in the vaults if the people are dying ?
@@Gman539 A person who allows their country to starve is hardly a hero.
Interesting bit on the diplomatic relationships at the end of the regime: Portugal was in talks with Apartheid SA and Rhodesia to formalize an alliance in the region of Southern Africa with an HQ building in Pretoria. It was due to be announced but the coup changed everything when the new leaders ended the wars in Mozambique and Angola.
Yes and later apartheid South Africa would invade Angola which the MPLA was able to fight back with help from Cuban troops who intervened on the side of Angola against South Africa. Cuban presence continued for many years as a guarantee of Angola's independence. To this day there are baseball fields in Angola due to the cuban troops liking of the sport
@@renatopereira2315 Good for Cuba for helping to kill apartheid.
That wasn't going to work. Portuguese rulling class at the time (and aince always) wasn't a skin shade and thus portuguese oficials were discriminated in SA, one of which my dad cause he was too brown to be treated as the officer he was. Imagine this happening often and voilá deal dead.
@@chriss780meanwhile it presents it's own inside cuba, 🤣
@puraLusa Yup. Cuba - under the Castros & Batista before them - has always treated its populace worse than SA or S-Rhodesia did.
Nesse tempo? Miséria,fome,piolhos.
A nata da juventude morria na guerra.
Obrigado Salgueiro Maia e Otelo por nos dar a liberdade 🇵🇹🇵🇹🗽🗽🇵🇹🇵🇹
The biography of Salazar by Tom Gallagher is well worth reading. He was a complex character in uncertain times and tried to tread a difficult path. Many people were brutally suppressed by him though.
Wdym tried to tread a difficult path ? He was a dictator. What are you trying to get at ? Its like you want to be apologetic of him but dont have the courage to follow through
@@renatopereira2315 he gave all he had to help the portuguese people and our country, there were mistakes but he did save us from alot worse
@@tigas4d4 I am portuguese. What you just said is complete horse shit.
@@tigas4d4he and Franco were heroes
brother he literally formed units in the police whose sole job was hunting down and killing gay people. what fucking hard path are you talking about?
Very well explained. Greetings of a Portuguese in Taiwan. Great documentary. Great quality.👏👏👏👏👏👏👏 I also remember reading an article about Henry Kissinger pressing the Portuguese leaders to leave the colonies because of the process of decolonization established since Truman's speech for developing underdeveloped countries. Portugal was a particular case that, as a NATO member, was also a colonizer while most European countries were giving up their colonies. France was, however, the most difficult country to hand over their colonies.
The 25th Of April 1974 - one of the worst days in Portuguese history.
This is probably the best video of the Estado Novo here on the Internet. It's the most unbiased video I saw until now, as it puts the somewhat good things and the bad things about the Salazar regime, without the bias coming from the far right or far left (which is unfortunatelly very common in this type of content).
You must be joking. Saying this video was an unbiased assesment of our country is like saying a video about nazi germany that doesnt mention the holocaust is a good unbiased assesment of said country.
This video mostly focused on the """good""" sides of Salazars regime while mentioning the bad things only in passing without detail. It was an account wholy disinterested with bringing a faithful image of the regime to light
@@renatopereira2315 OK, you're partially right.
@@renatopereira2315 em 2023 ainda é assim....para mt "democrata" de vão de escadas não há aspectos positivos da governação de salazar...foi tudo mau. So vale diabolizar....e pronto la vamos cantando e rindo como nos últimos 50 anos onde ate uma romenia da vida nos vai ultrapassar......
@@renatopereira2315calm down commie
@@diogorodrigues747he isnt
Finally - I've been waiting for this episode for years
Simple, plain and quite unbiased... Having family spread all over the five continents and being born in 1956... being old is a privilege of having experienced the "before" and the "After" fully and in the flesh... Your documentary will surely be a wise source for younger people who only have our "left-biased" history books and info. Thank you for presenting "both sides".
I Think I speak for both of us: we fear for our children and grandchildren, because all they have are the left, screaming their lies and versions of history. Making everyone else afraid to have a free and open debate about things, without reprisal. It’s funny how they talk and scream about reprisals 50 years ago, and do the same things themselves today!
Unfortunately, it is not funny it’s tragic
'Sostiene Pereira' (Pereira maintains in the English version) is a book and also a movie, starring Marcello Mastroianni, about Salazar's dictature.
th-cam.com/video/ECdIY5Ode6A/w-d-xo.html
@@timfronimos459 Esatto
My parents are from Portugal I’m from United States. They migrated here after the fall of the regime.
My father was a soldier in the colonial war in the Angolan theater
Indoor some torture for his reluctance to go until he finally did
My father avoided conscription by saying his leg Is broken lol
My grandparents were very hard workers and sneaked out of Portugal into France during the regime to escape poverty, a lot of poor people lived in a shithole state, some even slept on boats. Everything felt so advanced in Paris but their children grew up to detest it and some migrated back to Portugal when they grew up. I think they would've been better if they went to the US instead but idk!
Brilliant documentary. This is a brilliant series. We know it take lot of time and hard work to make these videos. We always appreciate your hard work and dedication towards these videos. Love and appreciation from Sri Lanka 🇱🇰🤝🏴.
What were the Portuguese Thinking, As The Weakest European Military Power, They Should Have Decolonized In 1945
When I was in high school in the mid 60's one of our teachers felt that a
"benevolent dictatorship" was the best form of government. And he often mentioned Salazar. So I was quite eager to finally listen to this.
compared to what we have now Franco and Salazar were better
@@didacclivilleoriol7057 epa, nao sei, hoje em dia é fixe nao ir para a cadeia por discordar com o governo😅
@@didacclivilleoriol7057 Não acredito que aches isso
@@didacclivilleoriol7057If you wanted to get tortured for having an opinion Salazar was the best time to have one :)
@@didacclivilleoriol7057 vai-te encher de moscas pah
Wait, Portugal couldn't afford to buy American cotton so they turned to colonial cotton, which textile mills didn't like because it was more expensive?
Yes. American cotton was already established and mass produced and the sea journey was faster. Colonial enterprise meant investment before return and with only 1 buyer, also a lot less return from the investment than its american counterpart.
Similar problem to what the UK had with Cotton options during the US Civil War; US Cotton was cheaper & plentiful overall to get, as well as better quality than what India could produce at the time.
thats why Portugal had such a strong textile sector....
What he meant was that the colonies were integrated into Portugal's monetary system,so buying cotton from them didn't require scarce dollars(or any hard currency). I don't think he researched thoroughly the Portuguese colonial economic system,the details he gave here are rather elementary.
@@avatardelebingo.
Finally a Portuguese episode ^^
over the years I have watched this channel, the opening track has always perfectly suited the constant stress and existential dread of the cold war. each bar tells the story of the various crises and events of the era, with each increase in pitch representing the rise of tensions between various groups, and then the final decrease bringing the final detente to bring the doomsday clock those few precious minutes and hours back. All the while feeling like a constant buildup is occurring, as the sides in the Cold War continued stockpiling and strengthening for what they viewed as an inevitable final clash. Whoever picked it has a serious talent.
Thank you for keeping alive our beautiful history. Hope Portugal can grow to be influential/ helpful in his own community.
The Portuguese speaking countries are somehow forgotten but we have peace and social understanding something rare in Africa.
I will do my part in being a productive and helping develop the Portuguese community around the world ( just having a farm and do proximity distribution)
My love to all ancient Portuguese colonies ❤❤❤❤❤ ❤ you're all welcome in Portugal let's build a better and stronger community.
Hope i can be happy in Africa
Tudo pela nação, nada contra a nação. VIVA SALAZAR E VIVA O ESTADO NOVO.
Em breve estarás junto dele no Inferno.
you did not speak about the Goa people likening the Portuguese people/soldiers, which was an embarrassment to india
Cause portugal was the rulling class for many centuries that the population was used. The one's who actually identifies as portuguese went to portugal proper and it's descendants are still there. It's from this comunity that the present prime minister is from.
@@puraLusa CALE-SE não tem vergonha de mentir assim???? A esmagadora maioria dos goeses nunca quis fazer parte da india...Não minta a esmgadora maioria nao conseguiu sair de Goa....quem cosneguiu foi para Moçanbique ou Angola
Liking .. yeah sure , why wouldn't they ..after hundreds of thousands of hindu Indians were killed off
spreading lies and propganda is n@ture of p0rtuguese s@vages .The reality is portuguese along with spanish were brutal s @v@ges who were notorious for their gen0cide in asia,americas,africa etc. india eventually tired of gen 0cide by portuguese eventually k lled evil p0rtuguese and liberated the region and the population celebrated indian soldiers defeating evil portuguese.But even in modern era portuguese occupy brazil shamelessly.
INdians under portugal regularly talk about horrors under gen0cidal p0rtuguese . But according to p0rtuguese bu f00ns all the colonies belong to portugal since ancient era which is totally false.They did the same with india but indias punished p0rtugal and kicked them out of india. Hopefully india also liberate br@zil and also indians should c0l0nise p0rtugal and treat portuguese the same way portuguese treated their c0l0nies. Then these vi le p0rtuguese will learn to accept truth .
I really love your channel. The Cold War really has a very detailed History that affects other countries too other than the US, USSR, Korea, Vietnam, etc.
How about covering Brazil and the Philippines during this time? How about the 1968 riots that happened all over the world?
Argentina and Chile was very important in the cold war.
Viva Salazar!!! Grandioso Líder!!!
My father was arrested by the political police (PIDE) when he was 15 yo for refusing to kneel before the parish priest. He was sent to prison but luckily, my grandfather was still an influential man, despite having left the country a broken man, after his company went bankrupt and was absorbed by Effacec, and managed to get my father to France. That was still not safe, since Paris had hundreds of Portuguese PIDE agents and as he was active politically and engaged in fighting the regime, he only knew some modicum of safety when after 1974.
My father's recollection might have been embellished but I believe is mostly accurate. It is corroborated by the rest of the family. My uncle wasn't as lucky and was forced to fight in the war and was left with PTSD and other issues.
Good video, however you did include a map of colonies at the start whi h included terrotories that were long gone from portuguese hands by the time of salazar, notably brazil.
Noticed that 2 😂
As a Portuguese who lived through these years I must say I enjoyed the respectful and objective way you dealt with our recent History.
No hidding the famines and no hidding the economic growth.
Veiga Simão used the secondary school I attended as a experimental teaching to have a tab on his national reform. We were tought Portuguese, English, French, History, Maths (including Cantor's group theory), Electricity, Gardening, Construction, Music, Graphic Arts, Cinema, Sports, Go-karting, Theater and we very often visited other schools, museums, caves, beaches and had a end of year round the country voyage.
It was top tier public teaching surpassing the best posh and expensive private schools.
Amazing but lost after the democratic revolution.
I am in favour of democracy that saved me from going to war and of high quality public teaching.
Its getting a bit better lately, with much to improve.
Excellent doc, thank you.
Yes... I left "Liceu Salazar" in '72, was known, as Tozé Amador... My mother, Rosa Amador, a maths teacher, there, for over 20yrs, till '76... Might she have been one of your teachers?
Very good job on explaining the overall situation of Portugal after the war. Of course you would have to need way more time to get to the details.
I was at school in Lisbon during the carnation revolution..our neighbor was in the national guard and picked me up at school in an apc..pretty exciting
Can you also do a video about Portuguese Guinea-Bissau during the Cold War since there is a lack of videos on it
Estado Novo even has its own style of architecture.
And then Angola and Mozambique lived happily ever after. The End.
:D
I don't know what your take on all this is, or how deep you've dug/ how much this is partly someone else's problem to you, so I'm just indicating what I think is a phenomenon illustrating how difficult it is to fully think (as opposed to feel, or be-nice, as we all do so much. As I'm doing here, since it's largely just a feeling that feels like intuition to me.)
The code historians of all kinds use talk about these wars is, itself an interesting Cold War relic that perhaps one day a new generation of historians not involved in some terrain of Struggle (like a university cafeteria, after the tray has been handed in at the wash bay) might enjoy picking apart, eviscerating, and thus rendering interesting in its own way. I suppose that depends on the extent to which enforcers of correct thinking are more active than dabblers, and trivial scholars like that are. (With organization, although there's not some kind of deep conspiracy that paranoia would suggest, the natural desire of people of all kinds to be socially agreeable can act as perhaps a kind of "attractor" in the academic chaos that would result from an more even diversity of opinion. So what you get is historians who don't at all follow any Party line, still encoding their thoughts in ways they were trained in by people influenced to various degrees by the more active and deliberate "mind warriors" who "fight" that kind of encoding through to the top of the elite pile of ways of superior analysis in better ways than inferior alternatives. (Sorry, I like to speak stupidly. I don't have enough attachment to any alternative of my own to do more than wimple a little at the drudge words I've had to drag my way through to get credits in filler courses long ago.)
Nothing wrong with the courses,as such, or even the pressure to think correctly about things, even - especially since quite a bit of truth was used to push that case. It's just the attitude that started it all, that's all.
The Carnation Revolution set the tables for abject misery for the inhabitants of Mozambique and Angola. The conflict between the MPLA and UNITA in Angola would become a proxy war for the USA and USSR.
4 years of school is insane. That was less than we had in the late 1800s in some places. We had 9 at that point. But mayby most people took around 10 years of school even tho mandatory was is more acurate. Cant comprehend a person having 4 years of school in Western europe by the time by dad was born. Thanks for great context from political science student in Scandinavia.
Its very easy to comprehend. Salazar's regime was a fascist regime predicated strongly on keeping Portugal's rural and urban population as poor and as uneducated as possible (and also deeply religious if possible)
@@renatopereira2315 yes I get that but 4 years of school is less than the Taliban let girls have. Its insane in 4th grade i cant do shit. Not even basic multiplucation with numbers above 10. Its not posibule to be a good modern adult with that litte education.
@@foxen1914 Yes and no. It is true that its basically Taliban levels of education but that shouldnt be surprising if you understand portuguese (and spanish for that matter) fascism. Iberian fascism in particular has a very strong component of religious fundamentalism so really they are more like the Taliban than you would expect. The same discrimination that Taliban have towards women in school was also shared to a large extent by portuguese fascism which often resulted in women not even going to school and when they did go they very rarely did more than the 4 year minimum.
That said my grandmother who did in fact only study for 4 years knew perfectly well how to do basic arithmetic (add, subtract, multiply and divide) she even taught me to do division when I was young. 4 years was of course stupidly low but not the same as nothing
Are all Scandinavians as delusional and sheltered as you?
Yep its true. Im Portuguese. All, but one, of my grand parents (born around 1914) couldn't read/write. And the only one that could read/write, attended 2 years of school. In those times, children were needed for working.
And my parents (and almost everybody of their generation - mid 1940´s) attended only 4 years. And in a school that only demanded that they fixed many, many, many useless things. And not stimulate curiosity/experiment at all.
Fortunately i´m from the 1st generation of Portuguese, that were not necessary to work, nor had to follow the silly 4 years mandatory schol of the "Estado Novo". I was attending a class in 1st grade, when the 25-04-1974 happened. And things changed a lot since then in this area.
You cant comprehend, but its really easy to explain - dictatorship. Where there is dictatorship, good things never happen!
One of my uncles was a police chief in Daman. He was killed during the revolt and reclamation of territory. He died leaving behind a young wife and two children. My other uncle was stationed in Angola. His jeep was blown up when it went over a land mine and he died a few days later in hospital. He left behind a young wife and a daughter. His body was buried in a mass grave. My cousins worked hard in school and did well despite the hardships they went through, My father never got over that loss of his two brothers.
17:08 "41 years ... the longest enduring dictatorship in the history of Europe"
This relies heavily on very limited definitions of the words "dictatorship" and "Europe".
It was a dictatorship and Portugal is in Europe.
What's wrong with calling things by their names.
I have to congratulate you for mentioning the real reason for the April 25th coup and not perpetuating the myth that the real reason for the coup was to implement democracy.
There are people who believe that during this time Portugal was Fascist. Wrong. Portugal never was Fascist, Portugal was a Authoritarian Nationalist Conservative Dictatorship. Salazar even tried to get away from Fascism saying it was Pagan Ceasarism. But people still say he was Fascist and blah blah blah. Salazar was a Traditionalist Man, that's why Portugal was very behind in Modernization. Yes, there was a Secret Police and people were very Poor too. But in the Economy Salazar peaked. I won't see that the modern Regime will get the Economy right. Anyways the Leftist Propaganda in Portugal, and the Carnation Revolution, + the Leftist Propaganda in today's Portuguese Schools, makes believe People that Salazar and the Estado Novo was a Fascist Regime. Remember, Portugal was a Authoritarian Nationalist Republic.
The reason why the ultra conservative and nationalist regime of Estado Novo is still being classified as a fascist because one of the its principals was a corporatism which was very typical for the “classic” fascist regime of Mussolini in Italy.
@@vladilenkalatschev4915i think its more due to the imagery of the estado novo itself that made them look like fascist, the uniforms, the marches, the salute.
Park’s korea was partly (big part) corporatist or de gaulle’s france who incorporated some corporatism was only remember as conservative just cuz they didnt have the imagery yk
Nice spin job, nationalism, corporatism with a religious bent is undeniably Fascism. My parents lived under Salazar, they'll tell you it was Fascism. Nice try on the rewrite of history.
totalitarianism to me is the same as fascism, which is why i'd also deem commies like stalin, mao, and pol pot as fascist
@@Tdriver1205 My Grand-Parents lived in Salazar's Regime, and they do not believe that Salazar was Fascist.
As an 11 year old school boy from England I was in Lisbon in may that year, things had not been entirely peaceful, I remember seeing bullet holes here and there from the month before.
Fun fact: The current prime minister of Portugal is of Indian descent ( Goa)
O primeiro-gatuno😂
who cares.He is corrupt like the other p0rtuguese cl0wns.ALso p0rtuguese should be kicked out of brazil like they were out of india. P0rtuguese are notorious for oppressing native americans.
Puta que pariu, tinha que deixar merda
This didn’t aged well
Dear Cold War Team,
My most sincere congratulations for an outstanding video on the Estado Novo Regime in Portugal! You have actually "nailed" each and ever detail! Even in what relates to the actual real reasons behind the Military coup of April 25, 1974. And I was there. I was born in 1965 and have witness "live" the events of that day, a Thursday by the away, and the following "handover", or better saying the abandonment of all overseas territories, including East Timor - with the results that are known worldwide, i.e. civil wars in Angola and Mozambique, massacres in Guinea, occupation of East Timor by Indonesian troops and the subsequent massacres of civilians etc., etc..
Being a subscriber of the Channel for 3 years now, it is a huge pleasure to be able to watch such an outstanding work.
Best wishes
Thank you! I'm glad this topic is being covered
Salazar was a competent administrator against militaristic factionalism in the late 1920, steering a proper method of neutrality for such a small nation in a delicate position in the Great War. Calling someone a "fascist" or something like that is fashionable nowadays but amongst all "strong men" of that time he was the best - and even Stalin thought so.
He isn't called fascist because it's "trendy", it's because it was really a fascist regime that had a political Police and sent polítical oponents to Tarrafal extermination camp.
No, it's because it's trendy. Calling someone "fascist" became a sentimental cliché in our days. If having a political police and sipposed extermination camps then every leader of the last century down to this day are fascists in some way or another.
No, it's because it's trendy. Calling someone "fascist" became a sentimental cliché in our days. If having a political police and supposed extermination camps is enough to brand him as such then every leader of the last century down to this day are fascists in some way or another.
@@badabinbadaboom7338 How many people were in Tarrafal Prison - and how many died? How does this compare with other prisons across Europe? You are simply posting propaganda
Was thinking about how great a video this would be. So glad it’s here!
"Deus, Pátria e Família"
Same thing for the Estado Novo in Brazil. My grandmother's 6th grade (last grade she studied before becoming a farm worker) notebook has that written all over it.
Thank you!
Salazar is someone I find interesting....but very few English YT videos exist.
Great episode. You managed to cover very well several aspects of the Estado Novo.
Good content, unbiased… there was good and bad things within EN… one event that’s still relevant today is the 1966 bridge that was finished early then scheduled and fully paid; the opposite of today public investments.
I'm glad to see this video! I read about the Estado Novo a lot
I have been really looking forward to this episode. So glad it was produced as I learnt a lot I wasn't thitherto aware of.
His achievements were extraordinary. Not only did he guide Portugal successfully through the Great Depression, the Spanish Civil War, WW2 and then the Cold War and the move to Eurocentrism but he was also probably the greatest financial mastermind of the 20th century.
Yeah tell that to the starving uneducated peasants working from sunrise to sundown.
Oh wait im sorry. I forgot your whole analyzis is predicated on ignoring the actual material reality of the portuguse people under his regime and simply to pour praise on the man.
If you like him so much go meet him
@@duruarute5445 The old and much trusted ad hominem reply. A bit cliched but not as dreary as many such attempts.
One cannot deny the great achievements of this bad man, who ultimately stripped the Portuguese of their tongue and forced a rethoric and war on them
Possibly but just imagine how bad it would have been otherwise.
It's crazy to think how not successful Portugal was given the breadth of its colonial empire. Though it was soon overtaken by Spain, Portugal was the first global European empire-an empire which should be visualized in a non-Mercator map. But the royalty and clergy had destroyed their economy by the 20th century.
It was an informative historical coverage video about Portugal 🇵🇹 history and its linked with WW2 and the Cold War effectiveness on the Portugal 🇵🇹 Empire .. How's earliest European imperial power was not able to adopt modernized imperial political, economic, and commercial dominant overseas. So, gradually toppled its authoritative over its colonials while communism China 🇨🇳 backed rebellions against Portuguese, especially in Maccaw and Angola 🇦🇴 ... all this information was rarely known...thank you for sharing
A união soviética apoiou a independência, os EUA e ocidente apoiaram o colonialismo, que a Rússia vença essa guerra, que o ocidente arda em chamas. 😂
@@generalbenjaminarrola340está dito no video que os estados unidos e o ocidente também apoiaram a independência das colonias, e diz também que Portugal ficou isolado diplomaticamente portanto estás a falar besteiras. Isso é fanatismo teu. Hoje apoias a russia que quer fazer da Ucrânia uma colonia. É preciso ser muito burro para estar na tua posição. Apoias a libertação na África mas não apoias uma Ucrânia que quer ser livre e independente para fazer as suas escolhas. És um burro do c.rlho como dizemos aqui em Portugal
@@generalbenjaminarrola340 - Na realidade não, os EUA também apoiavam a independência das ex-colónias portuguesas e chegaram até a cortar alguns laços com Portugal. Quem efetivamente não apoiava era o regime do Estado Novo e um ou outro Estado pária espalhado pelo mundo;
- Não sei de onde é que veio essa tirada pró-russa acerca da atualidade, mas defenderes uma guerra puramente imperialista com base em premissas falsas, ao mesmo tempo que defendes a soberania dos povos, é um bocado hipócrita.
The Portuguese was adapting, slowly. It was also American backed.
@@diogorodrigues747 hipócrita é apoiar os EUA, quem começou a apoiar a independência dos países africanos foi a união soviética, que a Rússia fique forte pra destruir os EUA no futuro.
I lived in Europe for 21 years and I met a number of people from Portugal and the vast majority of them supported and loved Dr. Salazar despite him being a dictator. I believe he was not all that bad and as you stated he brought Portugal out of poverty and made Portugal a better nation.
Thank you for covering this topic. I am now a new subscriber.
The soldiers were essentially just upset that the wars in our former colonies were never ending so a few of them staged a coup. It was never because people wanted "democracy" or were tired of Salazar (or Marcelo, the guy who replaced him after his death)... in fact the regular citizens had nothing to do with this. Those more inclined to leftism celebrated along with the soldiers who were free of the war, others were apathetic since political education in the country was zero and others were terrified of the consequences of this.
After all these years, one of the soldiers who participated in the coup said he regrets it because of the absolute state of our country. If he knew what he knows today, he would have never done it.
Can you do a episode about Northern Rhodesia during the Cold War and the route to independence for Zambia
Now we see.. 50 years later Salazar was right.
🤡🤡
He was not.
He was a tyrant, a monster and a paedophile.
Salazar was one of the best things to happen to Portugal. Despite current holy worship for democracy he’s still the most popular Portuguese person when polled.
We have a knack for developing national Stockholm syndrome.
You see it with the elderly worshipping Salazar and you see it now with people re-electing PS and António Costa after the countless failures and lies he's given us
Comparar o monhé do AC com Salazar é realmente a coisa mais estupida que já li hoje @@miguelpadeiro762
@@joaocosta3374 Hahaha o nosso problema não é de ser puta de nenhum país externo, ademais foi Salazar que fez Portugal ser um país fundador da OTAN (clube n1 de capangas dos EUA, se não fosse a França a dizer aos EUA para ir ver se chove na guerra do Iraque, tínhamos ido todos lá, mesmo assim Portugal acabou por ir à mesma...)
O problema é de sermos putas do nosso próprio governo, algo que começou com o Estado Novo. A síndrome de Estocolmo de que eu falei. Vamos ver Costinha mais 4 anos 🤢
@@miguelpadeiro762 Thing is, the elderly lived trough it and often before it. Young fools on the other hand only see his dictatorship trough the propagandistic views of lying scumbag ignorant left wing morons.
@@miguelpadeiro762 Good luck with the future of Portugal with globalised powers that be which are swarming in and slowly eroding Portuguese and wider European identity. Salazar was concerned with this forecast.
THE ESTADO NOVO REGIME OF PORTUGAL 🇵🇹 WAS ONE OF THE FOUNDING MEMBERS OF NATO IN 1949
VIVA SALAZAR!!
My parents were born in 1962 and 1963 respectively, my father doesn’t talk about his childhood but my mother (born in ‘63) talks about her childhood a lot. She was born in Óbidos about an hour away from Lisbon. She was more educated than her parents and her two older sisters (they’re 16 and 18 years older than her) however she talks about having to travel far at a young age just to get to primary school because she lived on a farm. While in school she remembers having a lot of B0Mb threats/drills. They were aware at a young age about what was happening. Both my parents immigrated to the united states in the 80’s
I remember an episode of Anthony Bourdain in Lisbon. An episode of No Reservations had a scene where he was talking to a man who had lived during Salazar’s dictatorship and the effect of that time was such that the man had as a habit, covering his mouth when he talked because everyone from that time had adopted caution so as not to be seen as speaking out against Salazar
"The winds of time were blowing in the opposite direction, that of decolonization"
This is a gross misunderstanding of the forces involved for and against decolonization. It's like claiming "the winds of time" were responsible for ending World War II.
Id like to add a few points that i think were lacking in this video:
While at a first glace the growth numbers for the economy may look amazing , almost non of it made it to the vast majority of working people. The vast majority of the wealth was concentrated in a handful of big economic groups loyal to the state, very little of that money was ever invested in to improving peoples lives.
There is alot of talk about the inumerous Hydroeletric dams built in that time, the still are a good asset to the nation, but outside the big cities most people did not have electricity or running water. Most couldnt read or write , and starting in the mid 50s a mass migration started occuring were people emigrated to places like france.
Dont let those numbers skew the reality that dispite that growth and having colonial holdings we still were the poorest and most uneducated country in Europe.
Dispite this being an episode focused on the Estado Novos workings alot of its other activities were left out. Things such as the secret police the media censorship , political prisons and If the Portuguese had concentrated their efforts in one place they may have pushed back the inevitable for a few years and the work camps.
It would also have added alot to the video a few mentions of the long struggle a large portion of the population had against the regime. For example the Communist party was while being being persecuted and working underground was a major driving force of resistance agains the dictatorship and were fundemental in forcing change in the regime like 8 hour work weeks for peseants. The Democratic league and general Humberto delgado also deserved a mentions , seeing that at the cost of his own life he publicly contested the rigged elections against the puppet president of the regime.
Not true!
Salazar/Caetano regime HAS NO DEFENSE, but just some facts:
1-The nº of cars grew a lot from 1949 till 1974
2-The number of TVs from 1960 till 1979
3-Same to the number of radios and telephones
4-The number of 4 divisions houses grew immensely from 1950 till 1974
And i can put here more 50 of these statistics.
The problem was the starting point, that was so low.
Again, The Salazar/Caetano regime has no defense to me. I´m glad that i only lived 6 years under it.
But the Carnation Revolution, till the mid-80s made more harm than good to the economy, thanks to his communist ideals (that only bring hunger and misery), that tried to shift Portugal from one dictatorship to another one.
This sort of explains why, despite Portugal's economic growth during the Salazar era, many people left Portugal and migrated to other European countries, especially Luxembourg, which has a very influential Portuguese diaspora.
@@ekmalsukarno2302 the Economy grew the peoples wealth didnt. That in junction with manditory military service created a exedous from Portugal that to this day hanst stoped
@@antoniovarela4444 im not saying things didnt change but if you look you can only mention luxury statistcs. When we look at basic good our country was very backwards and stagnant.
Only around 20% of house outside cities had electricity, even less had running water or sweage.
People in our dear Alentejo used to have to be hired in "labour markets" and the work day was 16,18 hours in the 1960s.
In 1974 our gdp per capita was the lowest in Europe
From 1950 to 1974 almost 1.5 million people left the country.
Both my parents and Grandparents lived during estado novo. My dads family was from the City and they had a good life. On my Mother side my grandmother never went to school because she had to work the fields.
@@bernardobiritiki I knew that many Portuguese people fled their country during the Salazar era to avoid being drafted, but there were migration waves of Portuguese to Luxembourg and other European countries long before the draft was implemented. The only explanation for this is that, despite Portugal's economic growth, the living standards for the average Portuguese citizen remained as low as before.
The 25th of April 1975, i was 8, i was living in Paris, and i remember absolutly nothing of this revolution, (i heard about if few years later) while i have remembrance of Saigon's fall. That amazes me each time i think about it, we had newspapers, radio, TV., how could i have missed out on something so important? Even without understanding the event.
Cause portugal was a small unimportant country in south europe. French media was more interested in stuff happening regarding the new power on the block, usa.
Why does this text come completely from wikipedia?
Wikipedia is a right-wing mafia.
I been friends with a Portuguese for almost 10 years now and sometimes Salazar and the Carnation Revolution comes up
Tudo pela nação 🇵🇹🇵🇹
Tudo pelo povo por quem o Salazar não fez nada.
Muito pelo contrário, fez passar fome, doença e mandou milhares de jovens para morrer noutro continente numa guerra que todos sabiam perdida.
Não há nação sem povo e Salazar foi o maior anti-patriota ao alienar e atrofiar o povo.
Great footage and you done your work 💯 learned a lot too👍
In a way, Salazar was right. If it wasn't for it's colony of Brazil, the support of the British empire (based off a medieval side quest), and hubris of Napoleon, Portugal could be a part of Spain (at least going into the 20thcentury)
It wasnt for lack of trying. They try and try and try many, many times. But never worked. We dont want to be part of Spain. Period. And i´m a true believer that it will never happen.
The alliance with the British never gave Portugal anything. We faced Napoleon because of them, while they always looked after themselves and never helped with anything.
Portugal managed to keep their independence, Catalonia didn't. It's as simple as that. Spain won't allow Catalonia to become independent and, had Portugal not regained her independence in C17th then she'd be a part of Spain today and the Castillians would say Portuguese was a Spanish dialect and independence for Portugal would be "unconstitutional".
Portugal being under Spanish dominion in 1588 is the prime reason why many Portuguese perished with the Armada of that year; pretty much the only time Brit's and Portuguese have fought one another.
Being a British ally helped keep Portugal free of Spanish dominion, and played a major role in ousting Old Boney.
Let's not forget: Had Napoleon had his way; most of Western-Eurasia would have been subsumed into a Pax-Francian imperium... to the detriment of all 🤔 .
Being a UK ally also meant never clashing with the UK at times where that would've been disastrous, as France, Spain, the Netherlands and Germany would all find out to their cost 😂 😁 .
@@xunqianbaidu6917Most Dutch were Catholic actually. At the start though. It was just poor fighting more than anything, mercenaries essentially pillaging which gave the Spanish a bad reputation.
17:36 "...maybe with a nice..." a nice what?
Subtitles are late but the subject is my favorite. >
Obrigado David
As a Goan, I miss Portugal and am truly a big fan of Doctor Salazar
Living in South Africa during the 1980s, the 3rd white tribe was the Portuguese from Angola & Mozambique who fled to South Africa after "descolonização" instead of Portugal. South Africa during 1980s was extremely polarized, being white an American living among Afrikaaners, the anti-Communism & racism of the Apartheid Regime was unbelievable yet they had some legitimate concerns.
What a chad
I grew up in Portugal during this time. My cousin was in the Portuguese army in guinea
the 51 dislikes are from portuguese people because of the SLANDER about our greatest leader.
Wait what do mean? How do u see the dislikes
chrome extension@@Tacticalerth
You have to be seriously brainwashed if you think that sleazy viper Salazar was ever a "greatest leader". The b4st4rd was a total sadist and an egomaniac who starved our people to finance a war meant to cling to his delusional dream of ruling over an Empire that should have been exctint a long time ago.
Mfker was so stupid he thought he could do what the British Empire couldn't. Imagine being so dumb he thought Portugal was bigger and stronger than the UK, that's how stupid and delusional he was.
What a cool episode. Didn't knew the channel, but now I have subscribed;)
Thanks for covering this piece of my country's history.
Is there any chance you are able to cover the crisis of 25th of November 1975, since this was very political and an important mark in Portugal's history during the Cold War, that to this day is barely taught in Portuguese schools?
It's hard to teach what is not known...
To this day almost no one knows what happened in that day.
Not even the ones participating in it.
After the actors die and their memories are published we can have a better understanding of what happened at the 25th of November...
@@tiagogomes3807 Lol. We can already paint a very good picture of what happened on the 25th of November 1975 and almost all the actors involved have written memoirs or literally died already so there is literally no excuse why you couldn't know what happened as long as you go out and buy the correct books ....
This seemed very fair. Thank you.
Both my grandfathers were sent to the colonial war. One to Guiné Bissau, the other to Macau. They didn’t have a choice as going against the enlistment meant you were against the government and you could be sent to prison and be tortured. Till the day he died, one of my grandfathers still had nightmares from his time in the war. You did not mention that during that time there was censorship, brutal police, torture and famine to most Portuguese.
Portugal also profited from trade with the Axis, especially Germany, during World War 2. Despite its neutrality, the Dutch and the Australians occupied the Portuguese colony of East Timor. The Japanese then invaded. After lndonesian invasion it finally achieved independence in 2002, the final end of Portuguese overseas rule.
Thank you for this, I've waited a long time for a good review of the Salazar dictatorship.
Oh boy this is going to be painful...
VIVA SALAZAR !!!! 🇵🇹🇵🇹🇵🇹
If you miss Salazar fret not. You'll join him soon enough in Hell.
Thanks!
7:53 '...though the rate at which the economy would grow would drop following the Carnation Revolution...' That's it nicely, in 15 words.
Yeah it turns out when workers get their rights profit margins drop for the capitalists.
It was already going down before the Carnation Revolution, actually. At the end of 1973 the economy started to stagnate because of the Oil Crash.
Yes and after the Carnation Revolution and the institution of such revolutionary measures as a minimum wage things became even worse as all the multinationals and the big Portuguese industry (which existed at the time) started resisting the measures of the provisional government and resorting to lock-outs thus making the economy hostage. The government of course passed a law against lock outs and in many cases permitted workers to forcefully enter enterprises and resume production despite the owners' lock out and with the state guaranteeing wages for those workers and in case the owners did not resume production the state would take the enterprise over simply so as to not allow the Portuguese economy to disappear as a myriad of investments fled or tried to in order to avoid actually having to pay a fair wage in the new Portugal. This in effect further deepened the crisis
That grow was possible because they enslaved the portuguese worker. It's easy to be rich when you get the job done and you don't need to pay almost nothing back
@@renatopereira2315Ah yes the Revolutionary process, what a lovely time to not be left-wing.
Wow! Political decisions that actually make sense in education. Our current government could learn something.
Portugal died 1910, but the life support machine was shut down in 74...
totally true
chora mais facho