I so wish more people would read labels in human and pet foods. I can’t begin to imagine buying anything without reading the ingredients, and also understanding what they mean. Thank you Dr Judy
We are messy eaters ourselves. It happens when you eat. Messes happen, oh well, clean it up. They don’t call the mess halls for no reason. Get a mess of food and make a mess with it, then clean it up. Life is a big old mess hall. Don’t cry over spilled milk, it happens. Also better that mess than making a mess of something’s health. Appreciate what you’re doing. God bless in the name of Jesus Christ. 8:52
Prescription and kibble animal food is as bad as fast human food and Frankenstein chemical filled junk food. That's why there is so much illness. When I took our dog to Purdue University Vet School years ago for an injury, I asked for healthy food education education or suggestions and was told that was not given out to the public; not available!? This is sad as to it is a teaching vet hospital. I did my own research and feed homemade recipes you teach. Thank you!!!❤️
Guys. It’s so much cheaper to feed pets raw. Especially if you have a small pet. I have a 95lb German Shepherd and feed raw now, since the passing of my cat on Christmas 2023. Get a meat grinder, if not. Go buy some red meat from your butcher or local grocery. You can get whatever on sale. I don’t do pork thou. The grab sweet potato, chicken liver/hearts gizzards, chicken quarters the best price for the chicken parts. Then eggs, boil eggs lightly leave yolk soft or semi runny. Carrots, peas. I add a daily vitamin, and probiotic. I also buy a salad mix of spinach, kale. You can also get salmon or salmon oil. Then add together the amounts for the week and place rest in freezer. So much easier. I do cook my chicken though. Also chia seeds. My dog gets all the good vitamins by her food.
3/9/24 I few weeks ago I gave away several bags of Zeke’s mini treats that were previously purchased because they seemed to be healthier than many in the big pet stores and Amazon. I’m now giving my schnauzer girls Green Juju bite sized bison liver, salmon, rabbit treats in addition to Salmon Blue with Salmon, blueberries and cabbage. I’ve only been giving them two little pieces of liver treats daily because their food contains liver and I’m afraid to give too much liver. They love all of these treats including my almost 18 year old, very discerning dachshund. She gets the Salmon Blue with salmon, blueberries, and cabbage because they’re smaller and easier for her to eat with limited teeth. Since the beginning of January 2024 when the Purina fiasco blew up I read every label carefully. I’ve learned so much from following you, Dr. Morgan. I appreciate receiving the email from you first alerting me to the dangers of Purina. That’s when when I pulled my schnauzers off Purina which had been recommended by a veterinary cardiologist and not my regular veterinarian who abhors kibble. Next time I’m at my local pet shop buying goat milk kefir I’ll pick up some different treats to try. Thank you for all that you do for our pets health.
I've been guilty of feeding crap treats even though I feed a wonderful diet of real food that I put together. We use a variety of treats we are always training. Everyday we do some sort of training. We use beef heart cut up into small pieces and cooked, also hot dogs but the better quality beef hotdogs, the cheap hotdogs don't sit well with him. I've also used steak and chicken and turkey too. I use a shoulder sling with a treat pouch, and I purchased a 2nd pouch that attaches to my sling that I can put meats and things in then wash it afterwards. That was the biggest problem for me feeding good treats was it was annoying using baggys so I found a washable pouch that I use just for meats. I've also used the freeze dried chicken and liver but all that freeze dried stuff gets really expensive. So buying that washable pouch really made a big difference for me. I'm able to easily have both pouches on my sling and feed moist items and still have good timing. I was spending a fortune on freeze dried treats before.
Thank you! ❤🐾 I learned about Dr. Harvey's dehydrated dog food from your list and just received a sample size bag. Ive been transitioning my sensitive-stomach Lab boy to a more natural diet and it looks like Paradigm + meat, egg, & oil will work great for him. He loves it! I'm horrified by what's allowed in the pet food industry, I thought I was doing a good job feeding him Hill's sensitive stomach wet food mixed with cooked chicken plus a little pumpkin. I've been giving him raw goat's milk before meals for quite a while so at least I had something right. We greatly appreciate you sharing your knowledge and expertise!
I recently switched my Yorkie off of Hill's Prescription canned food to Dr. Harvey's Paradigm pre-mix. I add organic chicken breasts / tenderloins. I haven't added oil yet. I took the transition slow, over 16 days.
I have a new 9 week old Golden Doodle. Im so confused as to what to feed him. My daughter wants to take him to Pet Smart for puppy training but they say the pups have to be vaxed…he got his first set before i got him but i dont know what vaxes to get him and which ones to avoid. Can someone advise anything please! 😩😩😩
Wonderful video! Thank you! I preach this all the time! People don't listen. It makes me sad for their pets. They are too lazy to read the labels and too lazy to make homemade food for their pets. They won't educate themselves, but I keep working on them! I share your videos on Facebook and I email them your recipes! LOL
I love Rockster! I have a dog with Evans syndrome and I put her medication in little meatballs from that food. It's a bit pricey but totally worth it over other canned food.
I switched my dog from Royal Canine to Dr. Gray's best breed! She doing so much better! Not throwing up and have no diarrhea anymore! She has a bad liver
I just bought my puppy’s second bag of Dr Gary’s Best Breed…he loves it. Im new to all this healthy/unhealthy stuff. Im trying to learn how to feed him healthy snd whether to get him vaxed or not. I bought some beef bone broth to put tiny bit on his kibble and hope that helps him in some way. 🤷♀️
It’s amazing how much better my cats are doing after switching off the commercial brands. They used to puke almost daily. Since cooking for them, only the occasional hairball, far more energy and when I clean the litter box to me much healthier looking poops! Lol what a difference though!
@@GrammaPatriotI rescued a kitten a few months ago. She was too young for rabies shot but did get the feline aids shot or whatever it was and she got very sick afterwards. I had to bring her to the vet and they did xrays and ran some tests that didn’t pan out to any real diagnosis… they put her on antibiotics. I know it was the shot or maybe even the food that made her sick… leaning towards the shot though :/ all my cats are indoor I don’t let them outside as we have foxes and I’ve seen a bobcat in the yard.
So, at about 1:50, you stated, the ingredient list is reflective of which ingredient the product contains the most of. This is why, we the listeners get confused. You state that about the order of ingredients, while other YT vets state that the order of ingredients are reflective of which ingredient is heaviest in weight, not necessarily the highest content percentage. So for example, if the first ingredient is beef/turkey/etc, that ingredient is 75% water? Therefore the heaviest in weight. Therefore, by law it has to be listed first? And quite possibly, that particular product's beef/turkey/etc content is NOT the highest percentage ingredient in the product, but simply the heaviest in weight? Or did I misunderstand? Please clarify. And we the listeners would still benefit if you and vets who do not share your "ingredient list view", would do a round table on camera and hash all this out. Would certainly benefit us, which in turn would certainly benefit our 4-legged family members. 👍 Thank you.
The ingredients are listed by weight, before cooking or processing. So any meat listed first, is usually much less once you feed it to your pet. In Europe, anything over 1% must have the percentage listed.
@edschulhof6303 Yes, that is what Dr. Rae and "The Petfood Puzzle Guy" both say: that the ingredients list is NOT indicative of which ingredient the contents has the most of. By law, the total weight of each ingredient the contents carries, dictates where that ingredient falls on the ingredient list.
Just got a puppy and looking for training treats that are healthy and economically feasible has been frustrating to say the least! That grocery store treat is horrendous😵💫😵💫. I was yelling they need to be sued! Thank you for providing this much needed training for we pet owners.
Good video. The kibble pushers say the ingredient panel does not matter, it is the level of nutrients that matter. Since most of those expensive commercial foods are mostly corn and wheat, I can see why they say that. What they don't say is that organic nutrients have little bioavailability with dogs and cats. So feeding fresh food has little danger of giving them too much. It is the inorganic calcium and phosphorus in commercial pet food that cause most of the health problems. Not to mention all the carbohydrates in dry food that cats don't need at all. Carrageenan is banned in the EU as studies have shown carrageenan to be genotoxic. "A genotoxin is a chemical or agent that can cause DNA or chromosomal damage." National Institutes of Health.
Hey Dr. Judy. What chemical do they use to make wheat gluten flour? That chemical was, perhaps using it now, used and it was making animals sick and death…it was on pet fooled. Do you think they may be using it now? My memory is not the best…so I think it was wheat gluten the chemical was used for. I may have to go back and watch it.
It was melamine and yes they mixed it with wheat flour to replace wheat gluten since melamine has some proteins and the flour costs less than it's protein counterpart the gluten.
I have recently come across your videos and I am very appreciative. My dogs are currently eating Jinx dog food- I usually top it with broccoli, spinach and carrots. Eventually I want to transition them to homemade dog food, but I want to do a bit more research to make sure that I'm making a well balanced meal for them. In the meanwhile would you be able to provide feedback on Jinx products. I haven't heard or read anything negative and I periodically check if they have any recalls...thankfully there hasn't been any. The reviews are 5 star but any feedback or suggestions would be greatly appreciated.
There is a premix called Know Better. You add it to the meat of your dog's choice and it provides all of the nutrients and vitamins for a balanced diet.
Thank you for the response, I recently bought some meat knucklebones from a cow, any raw bones are good though? Is there a time limit to allow them to chew? We have a five month old German shepherd mix puppy, and she’s teething, thanks so much for the Answers. 🐾🙏
@@tinakuma Raw knuckles are fine. Personally, I would supervise her while she is chewing and dispose of the bone when finished. Rachel Fusaro has a video with Dr. Morgan from 7 months ago on cleaning a dog's teeth. It is called How to Take Care of Your Dog's Teeth 👉 from a Veterinarian! You should watch that.
what do you suggest for someone who has a lot of dogs? We have been in animal rescue for over 10yrs and currently have 8 dogs. I would love to do better on food but work full time, premade raw for that many dogs is too expensive. I make a big pot of homemade maybe once a month but it goes so fast. We top plain kibble with the homemade but I know that is not the best.
Dr. Judy, I just came across your page looking for solutions for my dog. Do you have a video for dogs with lots of food allergies? My vet recommended Purina Pro Plan HA and I am so upset by the ingredients but don’t know what to do..
I spend more money on my cat food than human food! After Simba passed I had to research food! By the time I realized about all the shit food out there on the market his kidney disease was way too advanced and I couldn’t save him. It was heartbreaking. It cost me over $1000 in vet bills before I had him cremated.!!!💔😿
How can I feed my 110 lb Rottweilers with homemade food and not break the bank? They also have allergies to chicken, turkey, milk, eggs, and fish. I'm at my wits end
You can feed your Rottweilers with *Rice + Liver + Chicken Legs + Chicken liver + Cow legs + Sweet potatoes + Wild blueberry + quinoa + potatoes + Raw Goat Milk + Kefir....etc.. Just need to be Creative and Research and Investigate..... And you'll be DEFINITELY ABLE TO FEED **Your beloved Best loyal friends Rottweilers FOREVER!!
Getting sick listening to the ingredients in those treats. Feed treats that are just muscle meat and organ meat . No need for the rest. Freeze dried raw treats are best.
I so wish more people would read labels in human and pet foods. I can’t begin to imagine buying anything without reading the ingredients, and also understanding what they mean. Thank you Dr Judy
We are messy eaters ourselves. It happens when you eat. Messes happen, oh well, clean it up. They don’t call the mess halls for no reason. Get a mess of food and make a mess with it, then clean it up. Life is a big old mess hall. Don’t cry over spilled milk, it happens. Also better that mess than making a mess of something’s health.
Appreciate what you’re doing. God bless in the name of Jesus Christ. 8:52
Prescription and kibble animal food is as bad as fast human food and Frankenstein chemical filled junk food. That's why there is so much illness. When I took our dog to Purdue University Vet School years ago for an injury, I asked for healthy food education education or suggestions and was told that was not given out to the public; not available!? This is sad as to it is a teaching vet hospital. I did my own research and feed homemade recipes you teach. Thank you!!!❤️
Just like the human "food and medicine" industrial complex, the pet food and medicine industrial complex wants their millions. ⚕️💲🤑
Just wow.
I also have a dehydrator that I used to make my own beef jerky. If you have one you can make your own treats for your pets like that.
This is what we do too, best thing ever!
Guys. It’s so much cheaper to feed pets raw. Especially if you have a small pet. I have a 95lb German Shepherd and feed raw now, since the passing of my cat on Christmas 2023. Get a meat grinder, if not. Go buy some red meat from your butcher or local grocery. You can get whatever on sale. I don’t do pork thou. The grab sweet potato, chicken liver/hearts gizzards, chicken quarters the best price for the chicken parts. Then eggs, boil eggs lightly leave yolk soft or semi runny. Carrots, peas. I add a daily vitamin, and probiotic. I also buy a salad mix of spinach, kale. You can also get salmon or salmon oil. Then add together the amounts for the week and place rest in freezer. So much easier. I do cook my chicken though. Also chia seeds. My dog gets all the good vitamins by her food.
What a lucky dog! Im wanting to feed my new puppy this way of eating. I am doing it gradually. Should we cook the chicken liver/heart too?
yes, @@GrammaPatriot
3/9/24 I few weeks ago I gave away several bags of Zeke’s mini treats that were previously purchased because they seemed to be healthier than many in the big pet stores and Amazon. I’m now giving my schnauzer girls Green Juju bite sized bison liver, salmon, rabbit treats in addition to Salmon Blue with Salmon, blueberries and cabbage. I’ve only been giving them two little pieces of liver treats daily because their food contains liver and I’m afraid to give too much liver. They love all of these treats including my almost 18 year old, very discerning dachshund. She gets the Salmon Blue with salmon, blueberries, and cabbage because they’re smaller and easier for her to eat with limited teeth. Since the beginning of January 2024 when the Purina fiasco blew up I read every label carefully. I’ve learned so much from following you, Dr. Morgan. I appreciate receiving the email from you first alerting me to the dangers of Purina. That’s when when I pulled my schnauzers off Purina which had been recommended by a veterinary cardiologist and not my regular veterinarian who abhors kibble. Next time I’m at my local pet shop buying goat milk kefir I’ll pick up some different treats to try. Thank you for all that you do for our pets health.
Our dogs get frozen blueberries, carrots., watermelon, as treats. I used to make my own but veggies are more beneficial for them
Are you sure?
dogs absorb nutrients from fruit-veggies better when they're steamed and pureed❤
Thank you for helping me keep my dog and four cats healthy!
Hope it's okay that I let the dog finish their food!
Yes, cats need our help too!!
I've been guilty of feeding crap treats even though I feed a wonderful diet of real food that I put together.
We use a variety of treats we are always training. Everyday we do some sort of training. We use beef heart cut up into small pieces and cooked, also hot dogs but the better quality beef hotdogs, the cheap hotdogs don't sit well with him. I've also used steak and chicken and turkey too.
I use a shoulder sling with a treat pouch, and I purchased a 2nd pouch that attaches to my sling that I can put meats and things in then wash it afterwards. That was the biggest problem for me feeding good treats was it was annoying using baggys so I found a washable pouch that I use just for meats.
I've also used the freeze dried chicken and liver but all that freeze dried stuff gets really expensive. So buying that washable pouch really made a big difference for me. I'm able to easily have both pouches on my sling and feed moist items and still have good timing. I was spending a fortune on freeze dried treats before.
Thank you! ❤🐾 I learned about Dr. Harvey's dehydrated dog food from your list and just received a sample size bag. Ive been transitioning my sensitive-stomach Lab boy to a more natural diet and it looks like Paradigm + meat, egg, & oil will work great for him. He loves it! I'm horrified by what's allowed in the pet food industry, I thought I was doing a good job feeding him Hill's sensitive stomach wet food mixed with cooked chicken plus a little pumpkin. I've been giving him raw goat's milk before meals for quite a while so at least I had something right.
We greatly appreciate you sharing your knowledge and expertise!
I recently switched my Yorkie off of Hill's Prescription canned food to Dr. Harvey's Paradigm pre-mix. I add organic chicken breasts / tenderloins. I haven't added oil yet.
I took the transition slow, over 16 days.
@@planofsalvation1 thanks!
I have a new 9 week old Golden Doodle. Im so confused as to what to feed him.
My daughter wants to take him to Pet Smart for puppy training but they say the pups have to be vaxed…he got his first set before i got him but i dont know what vaxes to get him and which ones to avoid. Can someone advise anything please! 😩😩😩
@@GrammaPatriot see if you can find a holistic vet in your area and they'll be able to best advise. Congrats on your new puppy!
@@gretchenkiley6615 thank you so much! I will do that!
7:36 into this video they had a canned dog food commercial for hills....
Great advice that makes us all mindful on importance reading ingredients for ourselves and for our pets! Win/Win
My new favorite channel. Thank you.
One of mine as well! So much information!
Wonderful video! Thank you! I preach this all the time! People don't listen. It makes me sad for their pets. They are too lazy to read the labels and too lazy to make homemade food for their pets. They won't educate themselves, but I keep working on them! I share your videos on Facebook and I email them your recipes! LOL
I love Rockster! I have a dog with Evans syndrome and I put her medication in little meatballs from that food. It's a bit pricey but totally worth it over other canned food.
When I heard them mentioned here, I immediately looked them up. I wish they also sold food for cats!
I switched my dog from Royal Canine to Dr. Gray's best breed! She doing so much better! Not throwing up and have no diarrhea anymore! She has a bad liver
I just bought my puppy’s second bag of Dr Gary’s Best Breed…he loves it. Im new to all this healthy/unhealthy stuff. Im trying to learn how to feed him healthy snd whether to get him vaxed or not.
I bought some beef bone broth to put tiny bit on his kibble and hope that helps him in some way. 🤷♀️
It’s amazing how much better my cats are doing after switching off the commercial brands. They used to puke almost daily. Since cooking for them, only the occasional hairball, far more energy and when I clean the litter box to me much healthier looking poops! Lol what a difference though!
@@GrammaPatriotI rescued a kitten a few months ago. She was too young for rabies shot but did get the feline aids shot or whatever it was and she got very sick afterwards. I had to bring her to the vet and they did xrays and ran some tests that didn’t pan out to any real diagnosis… they put her on antibiotics. I know it was the shot or maybe even the food that made her sick… leaning towards the shot though :/ all my cats are indoor I don’t let them outside as we have foxes and I’ve seen a bobcat in the yard.
Omg your mother coming in is everything!!!!
I saw that too ❤😂
So, at about 1:50, you stated, the ingredient list is reflective of which ingredient the product contains the most of. This is why, we the listeners get confused. You state that about the order of ingredients, while other YT vets state that the order of ingredients are reflective of which ingredient is heaviest in weight, not necessarily the highest content percentage. So for example, if the first ingredient is beef/turkey/etc, that ingredient is 75% water? Therefore the heaviest in weight. Therefore, by law it has to be listed first? And quite possibly, that particular product's beef/turkey/etc content is NOT the highest percentage ingredient in the product, but simply the heaviest in weight? Or did I misunderstand? Please clarify. And we the listeners would still benefit if you and vets who do not share your "ingredient list view", would do a round table on camera and hash all this out. Would certainly benefit us, which in turn would certainly benefit our 4-legged family members. 👍 Thank you.
The ingredients are listed by weight, before cooking or processing. So any meat listed first, is usually much less once you feed it to your pet. In Europe, anything over 1% must have the percentage listed.
@edschulhof6303 Yes, that is what Dr. Rae and "The Petfood Puzzle Guy" both say: that the ingredients list is NOT indicative of which ingredient the contents has the most of. By law, the total weight of each ingredient the contents carries, dictates where that ingredient falls on the ingredient list.
Could you do a video reviewing The Honset Kitchen and Red Barn?
Hit that 👍 it helps the channel! ❤
Thank YOU so much❤️ many people need to hear this.
This is very important, thank you. ❤
Put bowls in middle of a tray and wash it when needed
Simple as that 😊😊😊
We make dog strew all the time
Just got a puppy and looking for training treats that are healthy and economically feasible has been frustrating to say the least! That grocery store treat is horrendous😵💫😵💫. I was yelling they need to be sued! Thank you for providing this much needed training for we pet owners.
One suggestion dehydrate
I use dehydrated liver for training my 2 go crazy over it
Dr. Judy had a short other day on dehydrating heart
Thank you🐕❤️ sharing
Good video. The kibble pushers say the ingredient panel does not matter, it is the level of nutrients that matter. Since most of those expensive commercial foods are mostly corn and wheat, I can see why they say that. What they don't say is that organic nutrients have little bioavailability with dogs and cats. So feeding fresh food has little danger of giving them too much. It is the inorganic calcium and phosphorus in commercial pet food that cause most of the health problems. Not to mention all the carbohydrates in dry food that cats don't need at all. Carrageenan is banned in the EU as studies have shown carrageenan to be genotoxic. "A genotoxin is a chemical or agent that can cause DNA or chromosomal damage." National Institutes of Health.
THANKS A MILLION DR. Judy💕💕💕
what do you think about bully sticks?
Hey Dr. Judy. What chemical do they use to make wheat gluten flour? That chemical was, perhaps using it now, used and it was making animals sick and death…it was on pet fooled. Do you think they may be using it now? My memory is not the best…so I think it was wheat gluten the chemical was used for. I may have to go back and watch it.
It was melamine and yes they mixed it with wheat flour to replace wheat gluten since melamine has some proteins and the flour costs less than it's protein counterpart the gluten.
What daily vitamin does everyone suggest
Thank you so very much ❣️ Your Awsome. ❤
What about kidney stones preventing in dogs ?????
I have recently come across your videos and I am very appreciative.
My dogs are currently eating Jinx dog food- I usually top it with broccoli, spinach and carrots. Eventually I want to transition them to homemade dog food, but I want to do a bit more research to make sure that I'm making a well balanced meal for them. In the meanwhile would you be able to provide feedback on Jinx products. I haven't heard or read anything negative and I periodically check if they have any recalls...thankfully there hasn't been any. The reviews are 5 star but any feedback or suggestions would be greatly appreciated.
There is a premix called Know Better. You add it to the meat of your dog's choice and it provides all of the nutrients and vitamins for a balanced diet.
What’s your recommendation for preventing plaque on their teeth?
RAW meaty bones, not cooked ever
Small, raw meaty bones are fine. It is a good idea to observe your pet while they are eating bones, to make sure they don't choke.
Thank you for the response, I recently bought some meat knucklebones from a cow, any raw bones are good though? Is there a time limit to allow them to chew? We have a five month old German shepherd mix puppy, and she’s teething, thanks so much for the Answers. 🐾🙏
@@tinakuma Raw knuckles are fine. Personally, I would supervise her while she is chewing and dispose of the bone when finished. Rachel Fusaro has a video with Dr. Morgan from 7 months ago on cleaning a dog's teeth. It is called How to Take Care of Your Dog's Teeth 👉 from a Veterinarian! You should watch that.
what do you suggest for someone who has a lot of dogs? We have been in animal rescue for over 10yrs and currently have 8 dogs. I would love to do better on food but work full time, premade raw for that many dogs is too expensive. I make a big pot of homemade maybe once a month but it goes so fast. We top plain kibble with the homemade but I know that is not the best.
Dr. Judy, I just came across your page looking for solutions for my dog. Do you have a video for dogs with lots of food allergies? My vet recommended Purina Pro Plan HA and I am so upset by the ingredients but don’t know what to do..
We had a blood test done to provide allergy results and she has allergies to nearly everything.
Start with our allergies playlist: th-cam.com/play/PLYQiBQtimMCY34BXjuOW3K7ninip4OyhD.html
Is there any way to contact Dr Morgan with a question?
info@drjudymorgan.com
Thank you so much ❤
can you please talk more on the Asian herbal medicine, herbs that are beneficial for dogs/cats. Thank you
I spend more money on my cat food than human food! After Simba passed I had to research food! By the time I realized about all the shit food out there on the market his kidney disease was way too advanced and I couldn’t save him. It was heartbreaking. It cost me over $1000 in vet bills before I had him cremated.!!!💔😿
It's still kind of blows my mind that people aren't reading ingredients On not only their pet food but their own food
Why do Westminster dog show advertise Purina food it is so bad ??
How can I feed my 110 lb Rottweilers with homemade food and not break the bank? They also have allergies to chicken, turkey, milk, eggs, and fish. I'm at my wits end
You can feed your Rottweilers with *Rice + Liver + Chicken Legs + Chicken liver + Cow legs + Sweet potatoes + Wild blueberry + quinoa + potatoes + Raw Goat Milk + Kefir....etc..
Just need to be Creative and Research and Investigate.....
And you'll be DEFINITELY ABLE TO FEED **Your beloved Best loyal friends Rottweilers FOREVER!!
Theres no defination of natural flavors..in any food
I heard it is a concoction of several different chemicals to get the "Natural Flavor" both in human food and pet food.
If they can't put all this waste into our pet food anymore where will it go🤔
Getting sick listening to the ingredients in those treats. Feed treats that are just muscle meat and organ meat . No need for the rest. Freeze dried raw treats are best.