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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 5 พ.ย. 2012
- How does the human brain keep track of time? Interview with Luke Jones from the University of Manchester. More from Luke about time perception coming soon.
University of Manchester School of Psychological Sciences: www.psych-sci.manchester.ac.uk/
Videos by Brady Haran
www.bradyharan.com/ - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
At the end of the video we can read "more soon". Looks like Brady's sense of time is not that good.
Is this supposed to be a new channel on psychology? :) That would be great fun !
Looking forward to learn more from you guys :)!
I wish he went into more detail about how time seems to move along so slowly when you're bored or unexcited and it moves along seemingly fast when you are having fun or you're doing something exciting.
Musicians often use reference songs to identify the tempo of a song (measured in beats per minute, bpm) with great accuracy. For example, the tempo of Michael Jackson's Billie Jean is 120 bpm, and thus, it can be used to identify 60 (seconds), 120, 180 (triplets) bmp and tempos based on other multiples as well.
Just found this channel - it's amazing how broad Brady's scope is.
Great start for another outstanding channel.
Thank you.)
I am incredibly excited for this new channel. Being a psychology undergraduate at Manchester, I was so surprised to see someone I knew on here. Keep up the good work Brady, I can see this channel becoming at least equal in popularity as Numberphile or Sixty Symbols.
Well, I, for one, thank you very much for putting out so much great, educational content free of charge. The world could use many more sources just like you.
Brady I think you derserve a nobel prize for education or something! You have tought a lot of people why science (and learning) is fun and interesting, motivated a lot of people to go to college/university (including me) or to keep on learning even after their studies and showed us other branches of science can be just as interesting as the ones we usually focus on. Best thing on the entire internet! Thank You!
Nice channel, looking forward to more vids! Never thought about how we perceive time before, but I realized that I (often) underestimate tasks I usually do.
Normal heart rates range from 60 to 100 beats per minute, where lower is healthier. 60 beats per minute, you don't say?
Your comment made me think, too. Our perception of time could definitely be related to the heart rate, and our ability to recognize slight time differences could have helped us notice underlying heart conditions as well. I think this is a plausible evolutionary theory for human time perception! :)
I love Brady's questions :))
great vid brady, very interesting! thanks to luke for sharing!
Man great video, I can't wait to see more from this channel!
great first video of a new channel.
look forward to more
Looking forward to this new channel Brady!!
I love the style of the editing. And interesting content as well. Good work.
I like the Tardis in the background xD
Thank you for adding a psych channel and considering psychology an actual science Brady!
being a drummer for over 30 years this is interesting...Time signatures in music and being able to count them. I think some progressive bands drummers would be a cool study on how we keep everything together in our head
Great video... can not wait to see more
Thanks Sandul. They are two of my favourite channels also! Peace x
We need more of these psychology videos!!!
Looking forward to more!!
The people you want to test are Chefs. We have to keep multiple times in our heads. I work a line alone two nights a week and can have up to 20-25 items cooking at one time. I have to time them to cook to order and come out all together while holding coversation with the waitstaff, management and porters. I don't count in my head, I just feel it out. Great video.
oh is this a new channel Brady... fantastic as usual :)
Lastly, I tend to think of psychology as a bridge between the 'hard' and 'soft' sciences, as it attempts to explain social, cognitive and behavioural phenomena (generally relegated to the domain of 'soft' sciences) using biological principles. Of course, few in psychology actually take such a broad approach, but the field as a whole may be thought of as such.
keep up the excellent work Brady! thanks!
It does! For complex motor task, the cerebellum will mediate the movement. Certain neurons act like fuses with other cells that take their cue when action potentials reach certain points along the axon. My analogy is a long fuse with TNT on different parts of the fuse line, and so go off with a high degree of synchrony. The cerebellum controls this for things like typing, but also with balance. (All things are much more complex in the brain than it sounds)
The channel's logo is brilliant Brady.
Good work Brady.
This channel is awesome, and you guys are awesome.
Nice addition Brady!! I LOVE social psychology, if you have people doing SP at Nottingham please make some videos. There are many very interesting subjects to cover. My absolute favorites are prejudice and morality.
That's absolutely crazy you can tell the difference between 1/10 of a second so easily. Though now that I think about it when I make (very bad) electronic music, getting the timing down to that level is absolutely essential to the flow of the music.
In addition to that other answer, when we're young we experience most of things in life for the first time and, conversely, live within the confines of our daily routines once we grow up. This contributes to the issue as well
Great channel Brady, Love it!
Ah, looks like another cool video series from Brady.
I agree with Pruitt, that a great number of basic tasks require a precise internal metronome. The tone experiment mentioned here reminds me of birdsongs, and how recognizing the distress calls of local birds, mammals etc. would have been indispensable to our arboreal ancestors. This may have become even more important as hominid vocalizations became more diverse and complex.
I noticed the Tardis, too. :)
Thanks for the new channel.
Neurons that fire together wire together. I agree with this movie. You could play some polyrhythms with a clock. It feels amazing to change between close speeds.
yay
Awesome so far.
Brady's never mentioned this channel
I just can't help but imagine going to this university and randomly bumping into Brady on his way to some other department to make a cool video.
Nice video. Next ones looks great!
Something interesting I noticed. When asked how long it will take "them" to do something, a subject will underestimate something familiar, I posit because they literally are spending less time on it, while allowing it to be automated. where as something new requires EXTRA concentration, thus increasing the actual mental time spent on the specific task. The perceived time is directly linked to how much time they are spending on it mentally.
After reading the entire conversation between you two, I can say James is correct. But hey, I'm not a professional physicist, I just watch a lot of discovery/science/history channel. And now i watch Psyfile and Veritasium.... much more to the point.
Moving your muscles (jumping, throwing things) needs perfect timing.
Nice, talking about time with some time-travelling machines (Dalek armour and TARDIS) in the background. Interesting talk, I subscribed!
On top of that, the less things surprise us (meaning we learned nothing from it) the less our brain notes them. This noting of memories is really how our brain works and perceives time, so when you're young you get many many memories, so everything seems to be quick, while time is slow.
When going over the selection pressures I expected to hear something about how we determine the direction of sound.Sounds from any direction will enter both ears, then our brain is able to compare and determine which ear received the sound last, and by how much of a delay, which allows us to triangulate position. This is why when we hear something we're not sure of, we tilt our head to one side with a slight twist, changing the distance of each ear to wherever the sound came from.
From what I understand, our perception of time in memories has to do with how many new memories we are making. When we are younger, everything is new, so we make more copies of those memories. As we get older, our brain makes less copies of memories as everything becomes familiar. Its because we have less copies of memories as we get older that time appears to move faster.
What I think is that yes, we can differentiate between a tone 1.1s and 1.3s but only if we heard both in the audio retention duration of the ear (that vocal loop), I don't think we'd perceive them anything different if there were 30 seconds between them...
The other thing is about the long term time perceiving... I think it's all about how excited your brain is, and how many memories you make during that time... A long session of studying may FEEL long because you've learnt a lot... :-)
Time certainly slows if you are waiting for something. It seems to me it is about being involved with the situation. I you are participating you have a sense of progression.
Seriously tho, you are ridiculous prolific. I really enjoy pretty much all of it.
Where is the sequel video? This is fascinating!
Great video and I really want a sixtysymbols video on the same subject, perception of time from the physics side.
The idea of "time flowing" seems natural to us but physics don't tell us time is something that flows or one dimensional. I mean there is space-time continuum but how we don't get that as human beings.
Years ago I had a small cube that received atomic time signals from WWV in Colorado. The station broadcasts a reference tone interrupted by a tick every second. I left it on in my room for long periods of time, which did not make me the most popular person in the house. Even now after 40 years, if I want to count seconds I just remember that sound. I eventually hacked it to pick up the BBC World Service instead, much to the relief of my family.
I've heard that the first time you experience something, it will feel like it takes longer, and then it gets shorter and shorter as you do it more and more (and obviously, as you get older, there's less new stuff going on). I suppose this is related to that example he gave about estimating the duration of things you do a lot.
My guess would be that the brain differentiates those short "tenths of a second" durations by comparing the lengths of the electrical patterns created by the memories of both sounds, or the time it took to create that electrical pattern.
That's what makes a good drummer!
It was about Time for a Psychology-Channel ;-)
Very cool stuff!!
I love these videos - more please! :)
A new Brady channel about psychology?
Umm, yes please! :-]
i haven't watched the video yet, but keep on doing them!
I'm digging the Dalek in the background.
Wow, I never thought about this before
I once fell asleep in a night flight while I was listening to a song I know really good, and it felt as if I'm still hearing it, only on "fast-forward".
This explains how I'm such a master guesser at guessing what time it is. I'm not good at much else though.
Was watching this, and was like- seems like something Brady would do! And oh yea, it was Brady
I am not one of the professors, but I have studied psychology, specifically behavioural neuroscience, as well as biology, for the past 5 years. I will come out right away and say that I believe evolutionary psychology to be a valid field, albeit a misunderstood one.
The perception varies based on amount of stimuli. In a gun fight your adrenaline levels will ensure heightened awareness of your surroundings. This also kinda works for long term memory. If you do nothing but watch sit home and watch tv all day, days, weeks and months will feel like they pass faster. But if you are out traveling and experiencing new things it will feel slower because you remember more details of your experiences.
I use phenology to get my concept of what time it is. Such as the sun, constellations or Earth's Moon. The time constructed for the timelines is getting a bit behind the time according to the sun or constellations.
Great background setting for this subject, TARDIS and Dalek :D
That's actually a matter of perception because as you grow older, each new increment of time is proportionally smaller than before.
It's also suggested that it has to do with "novel" experiences. You have a lot more new experiences as a child than as an adult than as an elderly person.
MOAR!!!!
Time is related to how willing you are to be where you are. More willing, then time seems to move faster. Hence the saying, "Time flies when you are having fun." Also, if you are focussed on doing a tedious task, time can fly as well, even when it's not fun. Which means, if you are willing to be there, time flies. ....
I am interested in what other subjects are going to be done in here.
Great video, probably another great channel too! But as I dont have English as a native language I would love to have subtitles under these videos as well!
Awesome!
"People aren't typically good at judging how long something is going to take."
I keep telling that to my project manager. :)
and sound emitter location ... you have a point
Great new channel, Brady! Thanks for all of your hard work.
Is there a reason that in the image at the end of the video (6.20 ish) the 's' letters have been replaced with 'a' letters? Is it a psychological trick?! ;)
Thanks again :)
Doesn't seem surprising its so accurate, considering all the timing involved in even basic tasks, like walking, or grabbing an object. Time as a relative measure of movement thru space compared to other objects, we're using it constantly. It keeps you from slamming into a drinking glass, would be the difference between running, and walking. And of course music, or catching a ball, or any sport like that.
An actual, meaningful response in the TH-cam comments... Thanks! I think I understand evo-psych the same way myself; that is, psychology is based on biology, and biology implies evolution. As modern humans we're smart enough to deny aspects of our nature, but there's no getting away from the fact that we are still Animalia.
Sounds like we don't have one clock, but many. I guess especially with sound we need a lot of processing there already to seperate the frequencies etc. and timing is probably quite important as well. And then maybe with memories its kind of just adding up the events and judging their duration coming up with an estimation of the overall amount of time spent. Then, with the familiar road, maybe all the events just blur together so you forget certain steps and can't add them up anymore.
Brady, you did an entire video about how important sleep is!
more of this!
Very well explained :)
Your explanation sound like Thomas Mann's in The Magic Mountain
I also think another cool aspect of human time perception not mentioned is the body clock. The way I can wake up and look at my alarm clock in the morning literally 5 seconds before it was due to go off... or wake up on the train just before it arrives at my station.
Love your videos! And your TARDIS and Dalek models. :)
In this vein you should make a video discussing interactions in magnitude processing across different modalities and domains.
If we accept the premise that psychological traits boil down to a biological basis (i.e. they not due to some otherworldly construct, such as a soul) and these traits have some genetic basis, then the principles underlying evolution may act upon psychological traits as well. That is the underlying logic of evolutionary psychology. Evolutionary psychologists often take a comparative approach, such as examining cognitive behaviour in non-human primates and comparing it to that of our species.
Im looking forward to the comments on that one!
My father told me of his post-grad rat maze experiment where he wanted the rats to learn to wait for a certain time before proceeding. Well, rats apparently can't wait, it's just not in them to let time pass unused. But to find this he had to realize that a rat can learn to listen for the faintest 'click' of a relay - even if it's relocated into another room and far to faint for a human to hear.
Maybe it has less to do with any particular mechanism in your head counting off the milliseconds and more about the processing of information. When you hear a sound you brain has to process the information transmitted by your ears. A longer tone would contain more information and thus take longer to process. It is possible that we are simply picking up on those slight differences in info, or maybe we can perceive the time between the start and stop of the inflow of info(the tone in this case)
You're a pro, Brady. You're a pro.
Most curious to me is as you get older time seems to last shorter. I remember when I was a kid that a year was immense. The time it took to your next birthday was extremely long. Now I wonder why I took the trouble of taking down the Christmas tree as it is almost time to put it up again.
Also, time as we experience it is an abstract interpretation, which would take many parts of the brain to visualize, although one's interpretation of this visualization would be relative to his personal experiences in the past and present, the actual image of time is basically the same, but I don't think it would be as easy as pointing at a single center and saying that part of the brain is the clock.
the ability to enjoy music and keep a beat ^_^
Could also be the same "familiar road" effect. As you have experienced more things, more things can be easily 'slotted' into the familiar rather than actively creating detailed memories of the new event. And with fewer details, thus the overall effect was faster.
He kneads his hands like a mad scientist.
Time Is a human invention to stay organized or other