so bond breaking is endothermic bc it requires an energy input to break a bond. ATP is the exception and opposite bc breaking an ATP bond releases energy and that's how we're all alive. Forming that ATP bond requires energy bc those negative phosphates repel so its requires energy input to form ATP, and energy is released upon hydrolyzing ATP. Howvever at 17:15 you're saying breaking the thioester bond releases energy, but wouldn't it need an energy input to be broken at first? Forming the GTP bonds does indeed require energy input, but how is that energy input coming from the thioester hydrolysis? Bc wouldn't the thioester hydrolysis require an energy input to begin with? so how is that releasing energy allowing it to be coupled to GTP formation? thank you
It really depends what kind of bond you're talking about. The phosphoranhydride bond of ATP is incredibly high energy and releases a lot of energy when it is broken.
It's because the hydrolysis of ATP is already such a favorable reaction since the triphosphate group bonds is high energy and somewhat unstable. Since we already said that the Phosphate on the ADP group can resonance stabilize, we can say that ADP is much more stable than ATP, favoring the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP+Pi. Also it's easier to solvate the products than it is to solvate the reactants.
usually breaking bonds requires energy input (so endothermic) but ATP is an important exception. Like someone else in the replies said, the ADP is more stabile thru resonance since the triphosphate on ATP is highly unstable. ATP is an exception which is def low yield but good to know
for saying the bigger alcohol has a greater pka, could u also apply the logic of alkyl groups being electron donating groups and u don't want to donate to the rich, which would make it less stable as a conj base and have a greater pka instead of applying the solvent effects logic?
This is actually an incredibly interesting topic of discussion. The idea of pKa in the alcohols, especially the larger ones, is less dependent on the alkyl group donations, and moreso dependent on solvent effects. The ability of the solvent to surround the conjugate base molecule is impaired the bulkier the alcohol group is, and this causes the trend we see, as less solvent interaction naturally means lower conjugate base stability, meaning less acid strength.
so bond breaking is endothermic bc it requires an energy input to break a bond. ATP is the exception and opposite bc breaking an ATP bond releases energy and that's how we're all alive. Forming that ATP bond requires energy bc those negative phosphates repel so its requires energy input to form ATP, and energy is released upon hydrolyzing ATP.
Howvever at 17:15 you're saying breaking the thioester bond releases energy, but wouldn't it need an energy input to be broken at first? Forming the GTP bonds does indeed require energy input, but how is that energy input coming from the thioester hydrolysis? Bc wouldn't the thioester hydrolysis require an energy input to begin with? so how is that releasing energy allowing it to be coupled to GTP formation? thank you
wouldn't bond breaking require energy (an endothermic rxn) ? does this not apply for ATP energy production
It really depends what kind of bond you're talking about. The phosphoranhydride bond of ATP is incredibly high energy and releases a lot of energy when it is broken.
It's because the hydrolysis of ATP is already such a favorable reaction since the triphosphate group bonds is high energy and somewhat unstable. Since we already said that the Phosphate on the ADP group can resonance stabilize, we can say that ADP is much more stable than ATP, favoring the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP+Pi. Also it's easier to solvate the products than it is to solvate the reactants.
usually breaking bonds requires energy input (so endothermic) but ATP is an important exception. Like someone else in the replies said, the ADP is more stabile thru resonance since the triphosphate on ATP is highly unstable. ATP is an exception which is def low yield but good to know
for saying the bigger alcohol has a greater pka, could u also apply the logic of alkyl groups being electron donating groups and u don't want to donate to the rich, which would make it less stable as a conj base and have a greater pka instead of applying the solvent effects logic?
This is actually an incredibly interesting topic of discussion. The idea of pKa in the alcohols, especially the larger ones, is less dependent on the alkyl group donations, and moreso dependent on solvent effects. The ability of the solvent to surround the conjugate base molecule is impaired the bulkier the alcohol group is, and this causes the trend we see, as less solvent interaction naturally means lower conjugate base stability, meaning less acid strength.
@@yusufahasan ah thank you! this makes sense. jazakallah khair
do we need to know the mechanisms of these?
Nope