Nuclear Fusion | Fusion energy explained with Hydrogen atom example | Physics animation video
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 7 มิ.ย. 2024
- Nuclear Fusion | Fusion energy explained with Hydrogen atom example | Physics animation video
In this video we will understand how to or more nucleons merge or fuse together to create something more powerful and meaningful.
Let us first understand the meaning of the word NUCLEAR FUSION, Nuclear meaning the process which involves Nucleus and Fusion in English means two or more entities coming together or merging together to form one single entity.
So, nuclear fusion can be simply defined as the fusion or Combination of Nuclei. Scientifically, Nuclear Fusion can be defined as a nuclear reaction, in which lighter nuclei are combined together to form heavier product nuclei with the release of enormous amount of energy.
Lighter Nuclei such as Lithium and Helium when combined together form a Heavier Nucleus. The mass of heavier nucleus is less than the initial reacting nuclei. The word 'heavier' here is phrased in terms of energy released, which is usually enormous, rather than mass. Therefore the law of conservation of energy is satisfied.
Consider the example of two hydrogen nuclei combining to form a deuterium.
The chemical equation for this reaction is1 1H + 1 1H → 2 1H + 0 +1e + 00 v.
Here, one Hydrogen atom combines with another Hydrogen atom giving Deuterium, one Positron and one Neutrino. This Deuterium in turn combines with another Hydrogen nucleus to form a Helium isotope.
That is, 21H + 1 1H → 3 2He(Helium Isotope)
If two such Helium isotopes are fused together, formation of heavier helium takes place.
In other words, 3 2He + 3 2He → 4 2He + 21 1H
These 3steps of nuclear process, where four protons are fused together to form a heavier 4 2He nucleus and enormous amount of energy is a nuclear fusion reaction.
The chemical equation for this nuclear fusion is:
41 1H → 4 2He + 2 0+1e + 2 00v + Q which is the Energy emitted in the Fusion reaction.
(4 protons when fused together give rise to 2 heavier nucleus, 2 positrons, 2 neutrinos and enormous energy.)
But how is this enormous amount of energy being liberated from such a seemingly simple nuclear reaction. To understand this, let us first calculate the loss of mass in the process.
The starting mass is that of four protons, that is 4 X 1.0078 = 4.0312amu, but the final mass of Helium nucleus is 2me= 4.001506amu.
Therefore the loss of mass is 4.0312 - 4.001506 = 0.0297 amu.
This is equivalent to an energy given by Q = (0.0297amu) X 931,5 Mev/amu =27.67 Mev.
Wow......That is a significant energy release coming from the fusion of 4 protons.
However, in spite of such substantial amounts of energy being released in nuclear fusion reactions, there are no full-time nuclear reactors built so far for fusion reaction as it is very hard to control such enormous energy released.
great video
The atoms that you call Hydrogen, have 2 protons and 2 neutrons. That's Helium.
H BB
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Yes, it is fusing 2 hydrogen atoms together with nuclear fusion to create helium
@@m1helmet861 Look at the illustration at 1:09. The atoms labeled as Hydrogen have 2 protons and 2 neutrons.
actually the upper one is mass, it means it contain one neutron ...the lower one is its proton
@@gopalkhanal2201 mass😂🤣
Nyccc
What's up with the helium voice?
He was working with Helium.
amazing ! thank you
This helped me in my work!
very good
Is quantum tunnelling required in all fusion reactions, or just to begin the chain reaction?
great
My students would like to point out that when you discuss hydrogen fusing to form helium, you actually show an animation of helium fusing to form carbon-10, which is both the wrong animation, and impossible.
There are other issues too, but we are going to switch to a different clip.
Russell Goodwin shut up
@@matthewgraham5485 yes my dude
You are right. Thanks!
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@@matthewgraham5485 wow, you're an angry little troll.
thanks very helpful
What animation software did you use to create this ?
Thank you so much love from KASHMIR .
thanks it is useful for my studies
really helped, thanks!
Yes! And it's something like this.
It is a proton proton chain reaction. Deuterium(Hydrogen isotope) reacts with another proton(Hydrogen) at high core temperature to overcome electrostatic force and the previously released positron(Beta-decay) collides with an electron to form gamma radiation. In both of these steps large amount of energy is emitted which leads to loss of little bit of mass in the final nucleus according to E=mc^2
This is a good animation theres no sign of carbon quartzers from Earths biggest fad. Interacting protons fundamentaly equate and decay to other elements though sure it's dependant on the electromagnetic force in direction of decay through thermal dynamics through the gas to solid hydrogen eventually, also having an opposite space force enacting a stable state would have calculable toroids like at the Livermoor labs experiments.A good example for Astrophysical apps.
Nice
Wow. I learnt more in three minutes of TH-cam than one week in my Science class... you wanna know what we learned... Energy makes STUFF do STUFF. Gosh... how did my Science teacher get hired?
Take it with a grain of salt. There are a lot of comments here that suggest the animation is wrong.
That Was Awesome
very well explained i enjoyed learning it
My everything would love to host that energy release...
i really really appreciate that
you really really helped me
BTW i sub too
Izin share untuk tugas 🙏
Top
Is there any waste gonna be produced?
Does it runs out of fussable nuclei?
thank u
where does the 931.5mev/amu camme from ?
Simple and good..
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Look up ITER, it's a fusion reactor being built :)
Very educational video
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Hi. Can i use part of your video for my science project? I'll give you credits
well explained, hopefully I will ace my exam on sunday
you ace it
Easy 2 understand 👍👍
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Mass is just concentrated energy right? If energy stays in one place relative to one frame of reference for long period of time ( for example binding energy staying within proton relative to the frame of reference (other protons or neutrons of nucleus) is called as mass right?
Holy crap that's a lot of energy!
It's so much energy that we don't have a feasible way to contain the reaction, meaning the only use for it currently is bombing, in which case we don't need control.
Scientists are looking into utilizing magnetic fields as a way to keep the reaction contained, though. Interesting stuff!
What does V signify in the equation?
pause the video at 1:33. you labeled heavier helium under the wrong one.
If on the fission reaction matter loss its mass and convert into energy, what's the theory of fusion reaction?
In nuclear fission, specific atoms like uranium are used, cuz they are radioactives, so they spontaneously decade into lighter atoms over time, with subatomics particules and release energy too, but way less than fusion. Sry im late
Great thanks so much for the math, very interesting.
*physics you idiot
is nuclear fision a chemical or physical change
"...to create something more powerful and meaningful"
?!?!?!?!?!?
>Clicked away
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This leaning video is better than Crash Course.
This video inspired me
Vafa Eftekhar to do what?
+James Copley Tobe a donkey lol😂
Nivedita Sengupta lol yea
+James Copley 😂😂😂
Vafa Eftekha
Thank you
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So if I blow hydrogen towards some more hydrogen we get fire?
can you please do a video, or just exlain to me how annhailation occurs, and the positron and neutrino gets emitted
Rishabh Chatterjee
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how can 4 protons have more mass than 2 protons and 2 neutrons, knowing that a neutron has more mass than a proton. please answer my question so i can understand
hey, i understood that part of the mass is converted into energy, but the number of protons and neutrons remains the same. Does anyone knows what part of the nucleus is converted to energy? i need it for a school presentation, but i cant find this information anywhere. Thanks.
still need help?
we have one im uk and the losses are deliberate soon in France thwy will win or lose,v simple science but agreed u nd drop it dwn
why in fission reaction of uranium at every step there is a different product?
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at 1.33 min, the third reaction shown has a product, Heavier Helium, which is actually two Hydrogen atoms. It should be corrected.
but doesn't the He have 4-2= 2 Neutrons which are 2x1.0087?
nice its useful fr my studiessssssssssssss
thank u learnin
1:09 it is Helium nucleus!!
Why does mass have inertia?
What about deuterium and tritium
why does the positron has a mass number of 3??
At 1:10 in the video you say "consider two hydrogen nuclei.." but you are showing two helium nuclei (each with two protons and two neutrons)
shut up nerd
Why do they combine of break
1 minute, 9 seconds in the narrator says it's an example of 2 hydrogen nuclei (and the annotations are for hydrogen) when clearly the video depicts 2 helium nuclei.
shut it nerd
Some people say that fusion is two lighter nuclei fusing into one heavier nuclei and some say that fusion is between two nuclei fusing into one lighter nuclei. Can you explain this to me??
Mario Mirdita 2 light nuclei fusion to one havy nuclei and a free neutron. But in the end it loses mass. The mass used in the begining is bigger than the mass in the end of the reacton. Im german so i have some problems with explaining this in english. In german this effect is called Massendefekt.
2x 3/1 e?? now im confused. isn't it 2x 0/1 e?
Explain why h is heavier than he to release energy. My guess is that H is being accelerated prior to fusion. The kinetic energy is converted to mass the same way matter gains mass when moving at high speeds. The kinetic energy is converted to mass. Is this correct
Matter doesn't gain mass when moving at high speeds
"two or more collide to make something more powerful and meaningful"
Me: is that like marriage?
Why 27.67 MeV is a lot of energy?~ Could you compare it with something that can be understood by a layman like me?
Thank you for sharing!
It's a lot for a small chemical reaction. A lot of these reactions combined is what causes them to produce so much energy. Nuclear reactors produce 1 million times the energy that burning coal can.
Is the helium produced lighter the hotter the star is?
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Isn't the energy released used to bind the nucleus of the product together? I don't get how it is actually released.
some of the energy were used to bind the new nucleus.
If the "mass in" does not equal the "mass out," then the conservation of mass is not satisfied. So, in order to satisfy conservation laws, ENERGY is conserved in the form of e=mc^2, pronounced:
energy = mass * the speed of light squared.
The speed of light is enormous. Therefore, a tiny amount of "destroyed" mass creates an enormous amount of energy.
Cristian S. yeah but the product nuclides require at least some of that energy to keep bound together right?
If we're talking about the nucleus of hydrogen, what about it's electron?
The sun core constantly releases nuclear fusion energy by making heavier helium
what is the mass of electron?
It's negligible. The mass of one electron is 1/1836 the mass of a proton. If you want the number, it is 0.511 MeV
If I want to see it in real what I can do
Helium voice?
How to control it
Lol we cant do it yet, to do fusion means to do it at extreme temperatures hotter then the sun which non of our metals in this world can withstand. Not sure doe
But I have to ask a question. All the time hydrgen is converted into helium or other atoms. Why then hydrogen does not get finished?
Simply, hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, bar none. Only a fraction of that actually binds or coalesces into a cloud which over time due to the amount of gravity it creates in the process, it eventually becomes a star once the degeneracy pressure, the force that keeps the electron wave form from collapsing onto its nucleus, becomes too great and that’s when the hydrogen atoms fuse together to become helium, which is now four positrons and four neutrons, which by doing so the electron state of the atom becomes too excited and the other force, ‘electro-weak’ force that keeps the electron from escaping its wave function causing matter to become pure energy as the new helium created loses one electron causing a nuclear reaction that starts from the center of the star. It goes from one atom to another extremely quickly thus heat is created but that electron takes a long time relatively to reach the outer surface and the result is free electrons and neutrinos escape as heat and light. Even though this process is extremely quick the gravity it must overcome causes our sun, at least, to ‘burn’ relatively slower than larger stars which because of the extra mass and gravity makes the star burn through its fuel much faster, which is why they tend to live fast and bright but die much faster causing a supernova. Our sun, however, is much more efficient and will take at least 5 billion more years before its degeneracy pressure stops equalizing and the strong force of the gravity takes over and begins the red giant phase of our sun. But there is so much more hydrogen or deuterium out there as a result of imploding stars that it ejects all kinds of new elements out there. That’s how the other ingredients like carbon, lithium, nitrogen and iron get made and the results of them coalescing into planetary formations around other remaining hydrogen clouds or nebulas that form new stars systems which then gives the surrounding elements to rotate or accrete into planetary systems. Basically there’s so much stuff out there not being used or was used and recycled back into a new form of ions of hydrogen through electrolysis by nature’s own way. Eventually, the universes’ heat death by entropy and ultimate thermodynamic equilibrium is reached and no other processes can take place because the evaporation of even the largest black holes will result after 10 to the 100 years, in-which the only remaining low energy from absolute zero are a few photons and leptons. No heat means no movement or excited atoms so they essentially cease as matter if there’s no other fundamental forces that make matter into matter. But some physicists believe otherwise as due to the fact that we, in our brief history of knowledge have never seen or experienced any part of the universes’ constituents to have come close to the equilibrium needed for the theory of entropy to occur, especially with this new systemic school-of-thought that the universes isn’t flat. That we might live in a De-Sitter space, think of a mobeus-strip loop or doughnut, where there exist a multiverse where time isn’t flat and asymmetric but rather symmetrical beyond our observable universe where the cosmological expansion will eventually overlap upon itself and perhaps create a new cluster for another big bang to occur, possibly into multiple universes, where it’s just, “turtles all the way down..”
@@chynz330 Mass is just concentrated energy right? If energy stays in one place relative to one frame of reference for long period of time ( for example binding energy staying within proton relative to the frame of reference (other protons or neutrons of nucleus) is called as mass right?
From the title of the video, he explained exactly what he said he was going to do. Quit hating because he might've slipped a couple facts that has nothing to do with the video
The equation 1:57
hello, i am a high school student accomplishing a science task, would it be ok if i include this video?
no
Is this how i make a bomb?
Just joking it whas a good video
My Name Gamer
Uncontrolled fission reaction is used.
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NUCLEAAR FUSIOOONIOIOIOOIOIINNN..
Love the video and explanation, thanks for posting but the fusion animation is kind of crappy and way to long. No offense.
I still don't get it hehehe... i'm just a student doing a homework trying to learn the nuclear fusion in the sun.... and only I understand that when you combine deuterium and hydrogen it will form into helium something... can someone please explain it to me in easiest way..
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God damn it.
Send neutrons to the center.
The reaction finds the right neutron and the reaction begins.
You see the neutron as the problem.
Not like that.
My problem was a remedy for me.
Yunus Emre
I just got an advert for one direction in german
please explain why your hydrogen has 2 protons and 2 neutrons
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what does if 10+10 protons
20 protons
physics radio activity is difficult to understand
alpha decay also make helium atom
I can't visualize the energy release but whatever boss
Isn't this what a star (such as the sun) is doing?
Transistor
So here is a question from a basic-minded yet curious person like me…
Let’s say you are in a large room with four hydrogen atoms in there with you, and you were able to magically snap your fingers and cause them to fuse into one helium atom….
What kind of energy output would you witness? Would it be minuscule, or something very obvious?
so energy can actually be created from mass?
No. Mass IS a form of energy
E=mc2
+Alexandre Silva So a small amount of mass can be converted into a lot of energy, right?
+Glowy 8271
The material in Atom and H-Bombs weighs a few kilo to few tons.
+L3o
not created, converted
It's converted from mass. The cool part is it works both ways. Energy can be converted into mass. When you burn wood you're converting mass into heat and light (visible) energy. Think of matter and energy as different states of the same essential thing.
is that a robot?
The no. of electrons are not balancedPlease explain that
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Couldn't the teacher just tell us this
lol right.
One word.
Utsuho.
Fuck you too.
Oh lmao, I was looking for a comment like this. Okuu fan here
1:10 how is that a hydrogen atom
+pilotpig
True, you mean two helium forms lithium.
+Capbium TEOI when 2 H fuse together how is it still H and why does fusion create so much energy
It's deuterium meaning H with mass no-2
because when 2 H fuses means 2 proton of H fuse one of a proton of One H is converted to a neutron and the process creates a positron(e) and an electron neutrino(ν). this is β+ decay is also known as positron emission.and that newly created neutron combine with one proton of H. and now nucleus has one proton and one neutron means mass no. 2 and one proton means atomic no. 1Which is of Hydrogen (H). Thanks, hope you got it
shut up nerds
a hydrogen bomb will only work until it needs suffidient pressure and temp so we should use an atom bomb before exploding hydrogen bomb
only in rudimentary thermonuclear devices; the more advanced stuff we design no longer utilize such inefficient wastes of material and processes.
but how do korea claimed to made a H-bomb? i know its not imposible to do fussion, but how? that would need a higher temperature like the sun. omg
+Asyraf Cboy US, Russia and other countries have made H-bomb long time ago, no surprise there
It's the same temperature than inside the sun because it's the same process. Why would it be higher?
The USA detonated the first in 1952, the soviets one year later, UK 54, China 67, France 68.
Also N.Korea *claims* it has a fusion bomb. They never detonated anything bigger than the hiroshima bomb tho.