Semidiscontinuous DNA replication

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During DNA replication, one of the two DNA strands, the leading strand, is replicated continuously, or all at once, in the 5' to 3' direction. The other strand, called the lagging strand, is replicated discontinuously, or in pieces, in the 3' to 5' direction.
This is necessary because DNA polymerase, the enzyme that synthesizes a new DNA strand using a template strand, can only add nucleotides to the 3' end of a polynucleotide strand. Overall, DNA replication is semidiscontinuous.
To begin DNA replication, a helicase enzyme attaches to the double helix and unwinds the two strands, exposing them as templates for replication. The point at which the two strands are being separated is the replication fork.
The enzyme primase attaches to each of the template DNA strands. Primase synthesizes a short RNA primer on each template strand. The primers are assembled in the 5' to 3' direction.
After the primer reaches a certain length, primase drops off of the template strand.
A DNA polymerase molecule attaches to each DNA template strand at the 3' ends of the RNA primers.
Each DNA polymerase begins adding DNA nucleotides to extend the primer in the 5' to 3' direction.
As the replication Cork opens, the DNA polymerase on the leading strand template continues to synthesize a new DNA strand. However, the DNA polymerase on the lagging strand template, which can only synthesize a new DNA strand in the 5' to 3' direction, is moving away from the replication fork.
Therefore, primase must again make an RNA primer on the lagging strand template, and DNA polymerase must continue making DNA beginning at the new primer. This results in a series of short fragments, known as Okazaki fragments, on the lagging strand template.
The Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand template must be connected to form a complete DNA strand. To accomplish this, a different DNA polymerase recognizes and removes the RNA primers and replaces them with DNA.
However, the polymerase cannot form the bond between the DNA nucleotide at the 3' end of one fragment and the nucleotide at the 5' end of the adjacent fragment, so there is a "nick" in the DNA strand.
The enzyme DNA ligase is needed to form this bond and eliminate the nick.
The process of continuous DNA synthesis on the leading strand template and discontinuous DNA synthesis on the lagging strand template continues until the replication fork reaches either the end of the chromosome or another replication fork moving toward it in the opposite direction.

[@pearl-marieandoh8929]

I have finally understood what’s going on on the lagging strand😅. I’m glad I found this video

[@thelearnersdigest7165]

Same pinch😂

[@abhisekthakur8459]

Same ye

[@dipaksaha333]

Me tooooo. Without animation understanding Biology is impossible.😓😓😓😓😓😓😓

[@suwanihansika8379]

Seriously true👍

[@parasfabric8511]

I am unable to understand still some is telling 3'-5' some is5'-3' really need help 😣😩. Google also telling 5'-3'

[@alisontomkins]

I've watched so many DNA replication videos. This is one of the best. It is simple and the animations shows the processes really well.

[@TwistRemiss]

This is honestly the most concise video on the subject that I've seen

[@mamtalall6750]

Thank you so much . This is the only video which has accurately answered the question. Great help for teachers and students in resource poor set up.

[@kranthikumarindrakanti8047]

Cleared my confusion about lagging strand and leading strand

[@amken3379]

This is a masterpiece .best tutorial have come across.explaining everything leaving no question.

[@daniellai7601]

By far best video for understanding Ozaki fragments.

[@mmvquikr]

I saw more than 5 animations to understand this,you made very simple...TYSM 😊

[@virajwarang5099]

Finally I found a video which clears all my doubts. Thank you 😊

[@sathyanarayanan1484]

After 2 years I came to know why there occurs lagging strand😂. Tnq u for your concise and clear explanation and video

[@sebastian5671]

literal the only one that actually explains it well

[@drjahon]

Finally, I have found an accurately answered video. Thank you so much

[@wafialfiaraf9636]

best videos on replication I ever seen

[@chaitalidasguptamusic]

This helped a lot, great explaination!

[@Gorkem.demirbs]

Best animation about this topic. I finally understand

[@fatimaarif8392]

OMGGGG I finally understand this. Thank you so much. May God Bless You.

[@sheennguyen3687]

Surprised this video has lesser views despite being the most clear & understandable content regarding this topic.

[@ahmadshehzad6864]

This video is a life saver. Love it

[@stellac4230]

I'm so glad I found this video. I have test tomorrow on this

[@fatimaarif8392]

SAME

[@ph1lodox361]

Same

[@prabathdr9771]

Finally .... perfect video 🔥🔥🔥🔥

[@BaruchJamil]

Best video on DNA REPLICATION ON TH-cam ❤❤❤❤❤

[@homeworkclinic2119]

thanks a lot :)

[@ahoodfaiz8979]

Very helpfull to understand logically and experimentally👍🏻
I really like it

[@Ali-fk7cn]

Can’t thank you enough, I was desperate for an explanation

[@Chels-yk2ox]

The lagging strand is not made in the 3' -> 5' direction. Both are made in 5' -> 3 prime direction. the lagging strand just archives this using DNA fragments

[@saesedi9513]

Thank you

[@abhijit-mandal]

After seeing a lots of videos ,at last my doubt about the cause of formation of okazaki fragments in the lagging strand, cleared. Lot's of thanks

[@ghostacademia6732]

I get it already!!!thank you very much

[@McDicksRocksSocks]

One textbook and 10 videos in, this is the one that finally helped me understand the steps. It's very complicated still but most other sources are just a circus of information overload
edit: and you explained it in 3 minutes, not 20! Amazing.

[@amitbasak7747]

Very helpful for this great animation

[@faithlilu7481]

Really good video. Thank you

[@lukkaraghavendrarao9892]

Excellent video thanks a lot

[@manojhanni]

Finally understood 🙌 thanx a lot

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Thank you very much ♥️

[@user-hl3le5wh3p]

Thank you 👍

[@hossiengoli6493]

thank you that was fantastic

[@hadis531]

Best video I've every watched about dna replication. I finally learned it

[@homeworkclinic2119]

glad it helped you :)

[@mounishreddy9270]

Thank you sir

[@muhamadasyiqnuraimanbinsam5838]

This video is so helpful to understand the dna replication..May god bless you

[@MuhammadAli-fj8qh]

I feel sorry for the 19th and 20th century students they did not have internet to catch up with school
Thanks this helped out a lot

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they had considerably less to study, specially in this field.

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THANK YOU VERY MUCH

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this video was really helpful ,

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[@Ss.r2]

Well done

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It's very helpful thank u soo much sirr..❤️❤️❤️..keep doing it..❤️

[@homeworkclinic2119]

Happy to help!

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Thank you it really helpful

[@StudyTube-ki4eb]

🎉lovely video simply explained 🥰

[@reemaasiri8576]

Short and helpful thank you so much ❤️❤️❤️

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You’re welcome 😊

[@kendall2004]

Perfect,thank you ❤

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[@apsarab829]

Thank you sir 😊

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[@zmzmcardp]

Finally get it ooow THANK YOUUU ❤

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[@ak___.]

Thanks a lot!

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Thank u🫡

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Made my day🤩

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[@thebirdboy1766]

Perfect

[@user-fs3yk6po6f]

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[@ahammadbinmahbub6137]

Now I have Understood the Okazaki fragment.

[@elif-bf3hy]

tysm!!

[@homeworkclinic2119]

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[@sujatapandey3023]

Very helpful

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[@diegoe1918]

amazing!

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Nice

[@mahashwetamaheshwari1499]

Best explanation

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[@basudevpatra6230]

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[@puneetkaur7778]

God bless. Finally i get it.

[@homeworkclinic2119]

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[@katelocsin2797]

What happens to the RNA primer in the leading strand? would it be removed or replaced with DNA as well like in the lagging strand?

[@kuldeepnagre835]

Very helpful 🙂🙂
Thank you....... 👏🏻👏🏻👍🏻👍🏻

[@homeworkclinic2119]

welcome :)

[@madhusmitaray2250]

Finally I understand this topic 😂😅

[@ellios5734]

Watching TH-cam vids I learned things that don't need for ma exam but I didn't find the answer of ma Q...when and how the two phosphate are removed from the nucleotide?

[@BaruchJamil]

Very fantasia ❤

[@_mosakutty_]

Tq so much 🙌🥲

[@technicaltipsandtricks4428]

Finally I have learnt what are okazaki babies😅🤣

[@PoojaGoudra]

Thank sir it's really worth

[@homeworkclinic2119]

welcome :)

[@Pionike]

I'm now confused.. so the reading of 5' to 3' is based on the template DNA or the newly assembled DNA strand?

[@homeworkclinic2119]

The 5’ to 3’ direction refers to the orientation of DNA strands during replication and transcription. Let me explain:
During DNA replication, the enzyme DNA polymerase reads the template strand in the 3’ to 5’ direction.
The newly assembled DNA strand (daughter strand) is always synthesized in the 5’ to 3’ direction. This ensures that the DNA sequence is accurately copied from the template strand.

[@minh0828]

How do people come up with these things

[@theimmaculateheartacademy]

❤❤

[@waqarshah4496]

Any one tell me how Okazaki strands fill empty space either by making new bases or makes bond plz tell me

[@hafizalimuradlaghari5444]

Sugar phosphate is responsible for the binding
purpose of okazaki fragments

[@parasfabric8511]

I think he wanna say 5'-3' direction in lagging strand

[@SiddharthaDasArts]

👍🏻

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Wow, people are literally thanking a Bot, without knowing if the maker of the vid is a "Sir or a Ma'am"!! LOL!

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both, the channel is runned by husband and wife 😉

[@user-dz8ky8cl8k]

Please could u tell me the difference between the function of primase and DNA poll 3😭💔

[@hafizalimuradlaghari5444]

Primase is the enzyme which makes the primer(small segment of the RNA) on the primer dnA polymerase is bind and form the new strand

[@anjugopinath4618]

If one of the question in Exam is to explaine dna replication... Just imagine the vedio.. 👍

[@hafizalimuradlaghari5444]

Lagging strand kis direction ma banti ha 3 to 5 or 5 to 3 degree

[@smaran0318]

3' to 5'

[@abo5n]

😁😁

[@prabhu.v4099]

Any one preparing for neet exam

[@Alone-cg3ne]

The best explanation wow sir respect 🫡🫡🫡🫡🫡

[@homeworkclinic2119]

glad it helped you