ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 5 มิ.ย. 2023
- Human Geneticist Dr. Neville Sanjana answers the internet’s burning questions about genetics and DNA. How are our genes related to our DNA? Does our DNA change during our lifetime? How do services like ’23andMe’ work? Is alcoholism genetic? Dr. Sanjana answers all of these questions-and more!
Director: Lisandro Perez-Rey
Director of Photography: Constantine Economides
Editor: Shandor Garrison
Expert: Dr. Neville Sanjana
Line Producer: Joseph Buscemi
Associate Producer: Paul Gulyas
Production Manager: Eric Martinez
Production Coordinator: Fernando Davila
Casting Producer: Nick Sawyer
Camera Operator: Rahil Ashruff
Sound Mixer: Sean Paulsen
Production Assistant: Ryan Coppola
Post Production Supervisor: Alexa Deutsch
Post Production Coordinator: Ian Bryant
Supervising Editor: Doug Larsen
Additional Editor: Paul Tael
Assistant Editor: Andy Morell
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I've said it before and I'll say it again; the producers and creative team at Wired are doing an incredible job finding these experts. Whatever subject matter it is, I find myself intrigued.
Why isn't somebody using Crispr to splice Telomeres for Longer quality of life???
@@lipstick318 because telomeres need to be kept short... longer telomeres means that cell is cancerous
@@lipstick318 Because there are tens of trillions of cells in the human body, and you’d need to extend the telomeres on each one, or you still risk cancerous cell growth later in life.
It would be more feasible to modify gametes and embryos, but the ethics of genetically modifying these cells are a massive barrier.
@@lipstick318 also longer life = a more painful life with higher chances of developing mutations which can cause non-infectious diseases like cancer
He starts off with neo-nazism that denies genetic research.
How smoothly the man explained the complex concepts. Commendable.
Why isn't somebody using Crispr to splice Telomeres for Longer quality of life???
@@lipstick318 One of the primary reasons cells have telomeres is to prevent uncontrolled cell division. In many cancers, cells reactivate the enzyme telomerase, which rebuilds telomeres and allows the cells to continue dividing indefinitely, leading to tumor growth. Using CRISPR to extend telomeres might inadvertently increase the risk of developing cancer.
Yup
He's been genetically modified to do so. :)
Did you just assume his gender?😲🤣🤣
As a biochemist, it's commendable how he makes such complex phenomena so easy to grasp and process.
Being able to articulate your thoughts effectively, simplify complicated subjects, and being able to do so with those who have no prior knowledge of the subject are such incredible skills.
@@notsoberoveranalyzer8264That’s just called being a professional. If you can’t explain a concept in simple terms, you probably don’t have a complete understanding of it.
I don't get these "as a" comments. What does your profession have to do with the rest of your comment? Do you think people would doubt your credibility if you hadn't said you were a biochemist, even though that isn't proof in any way you actually are one?
@@yann2850_ and you're pissed about what, for people to make harmless comments?🤡🤧
@@yann2850_ im sure they worked hard for their degree better flex it on the plebeians
You can tell if someone is really knowledgeable in their field if they can explain it in terms everyone can understand
Why isn't somebody using Crispr to splice Telomeres for Longer quality of life???
@@lipstick318 probably they are still working on it?
@@lipstick318maybe they already are.
@lipstick318 They are. Scientists are starting to consider aging as something like a disorder that can be treated, figuring out how to protect or regrow our telomeres is essential in that.
The second you start putting in jargon when you don't need to, you've lost your teachers license in my view because you aren't trying to help someone understand you're trying to show how smart you are.
The way this guy speaks just shows how intelligent he is. I'm baffled by his clear and elaborate answers.
that's not how you evaluate intellgence....
@@backintimealwyn5736Actually a great way to acess intelligence overall (including emotional intelligence)
The ability not only to understanc really complex topics BUT also the ability to grab these complex topics and grind them down into easily understandable yet still factual information for anyone to digest, even if they don't have the years of professional and/or academic experience you have
Because he’s researched the questions answers before he answers him just like everyone else… if you think this is a measure of intelligence, I got news for you.
This geneticist was the entire reason why I'm studying genetics in undergrad at the moment. I remember his video on CRISPR-Cas9, the one about explaining the concept at 5 different levels wayyy back in middle school and it just stuck haha
How is it going ?
Omg me too!! Im studying genetics and microbiology
That’s so cool! I hope he sees your comment
This is so wholesome. I hope he sees this.
Dude hitting on the ethics at the end! All new technological developments should pass the Ian Malcolm test: "Your scientists were so preoccupied with whether or not they could, they didnt stop to think if they should". Just because you can, that doesnt mean you should.
Yes focus on the better good first . That’s we should use science for . What an honorable man
Humans used to be able to make their own vitamin C. Sometime early a mutation took place and that DNA sequence was broken. Would be nice to repair that, and I think it clears the Malcolm test.
I very often see these topics veer into the realm of eugenics when the layperson imagines the changes they could do. I've heard so many ask about getting rid of autism and down syndrome and a bunch of other disabilities. I am really glad they chose the mars question so that they could address some of the more.... playing god questions, vs medicine, without diving into that complex and emotional debate.
But we definitely should
@@veramae4098 Having to continue eating fruits and vegetables is a small price to pay for being able to prevent cystic fibrosis or muscular dystrophy. We can always repair the citric acid gene(s) after such serious congenital defects have been eliminated.
As a biotechnology Engineer , I wish I had this man as a teacher back when I was in uni
Dude same.
i heard its pretty terrible being a professor, its much more competitive than you would think and the pay isnt great
Please do one for cell biology! Cell support! We have a lot of genetics and neurobiology but never have one for cell biology, which arguably one of the most diverse field in biology.
Why isn't somebody using Crispr to splice Telomeres for Longer quality of life???
@@lipstick318 Because the relationship between aging and telomeres is extremely complex, not fully understood, and certainly not able to be reduced down to “long telomere = long life”.
And like the geneticist said, we are currently focused on genetically simple, but terrible diseases like the examples he gave.
There are a limited number of scientists working on this, and limited money. We are essentially doing triage on human health, so we start with severe, simpler problems.
@@aLime404 It's a bot. I noticed that it's made the same reply to every comment in the comment section
@@lipstick318 aLime answered you very well, but just to add more. When you add a protein/genetic trait to lengthen telomeres to human cells in a lab they often become cancerous. Its been a while since I took my genetics course, so I don't remember why this explicitly happens but interesting nonetheless.
as someone who’s abt to take a cell bio class next school year, i need it 😹
I did a report on CRISPR in college for an ecology class and how it could be used, along with eliminating or at the very least be used to design substantial treatment of human diseases, it can be used to do the same in wildlife diseases that unfortunately ravage different species. The specific examples I used is the facial tumor disease which is a cancer disease that affects Tasmanian Devils.
I think I heard something about them making genetically sterile mosquitoes to release and kill all the disease carrying wild ones. Super cool stuff!
i have one question, will CRISPR be cheaper with time? does anything indicate that it will be cheaper? asking for treating Genetic diseases purposes*
Not the weird stuff
🤗
@@nzomy3056 the answer to whether CRISPR will be cheaper with time is contingent on capitalism. There has always been the idea that the easier something is to produce, both in cost and time, its price goes down. Unfortunately we know for a fact this is not true. There are thousands and thousands of products that have we have perfected making, reducing both cost and time to do so, and they actually cost more than they used to. Take cars for example. Almost the whole process is automated. The process of mining the materials is performed by essentially slave labor where little to no money is lost to pay for that labor. Yet, a knew car still runs you $30k when a new car 60 years ago in the 60s wasn't even close to that. In fact, it was more than a factor of 10 less. $2600 was the average for a new car in 1960, and it's $30k today. The only thing that determines whether or not something is cheaper is the capitalist themselves, if they are willing to sell something for cheaper or not. Since most only begin to sell something for cheaper when they are about to unveil something new they can sell for more, and there really isn't any foreseen system beyond CRISPR that could be sold for more - my guess is the CRISPR system will remain the same in its cost.
My question about crispr is why don't we see or hear about it's use more? We hear it can do all these amazing things but we don't see the results, why aren't certain diseases already eliminated? How come gene editing is not a standard commercial etc like your average aspirin etc commercial we see. How come I'm not seeing hey i went to the hospital for cancer and no longer have it and immune to it 5 minutes later? Why are we still using chemo etc. Why are soo many genetic diseases and disorders still around if you can unleash some magic fix me button like you can with a corrupt software on a computer.
I love seeing people talk about something their passionate about and it’s amazing that this series allows people to gain exposure to certain topics they otherwise wouldn’t come across
This man reminds me of a real-life Spock, he has an almost flat affect but you can clearly see his excitement in describing scientific advencements in genetics, and even delivers a couple little quips that almost slip by unless you're paying attention. People like this are some of the best teachers I've ever had.
It's possible he's mildly autistic and genetics is one of his special interests.
He reminds me of why I was interested in genetics in the first place.
Unfortunately, I was terrible in the class.
But this was awesome and well explained!
Why isn't somebody using Crispr to splice Telomeres for Longer quality of life???
@@lipstick318because you're a bot
@lipstick318 as he said, they're more focused on treating diseases than enhancing humans
I can tell by your profile picture that you're very interesting in genetics.
Dr. Neville is wonderful. charming and informative. thanks for these shows 🤩
Why isn't somebody using Crispr to splice Telomeres for Longer quality of life???
@@Tsug2803
Unfortunately, his parents thought it wise to name him Neville
It's Dr Sanjana
@@varoonnone7159why? I like the name Neville.. maybe his of mixed heritage?
@@lipstick318it’s either not that easy or not safe (ethically or otherwise)
Wow. This is the best speaker I've ever heard to explain this material. I worked in science for 30 years.
Dr. Sanjana did such a wonderful job at explaining each question not only smoothly, but in simple to understand way that enables a person to understand even the most complex answer. Sometimes a question might seem not too bad, but actually has quite a complex answer, and he was fantastic.
As someone who hasn't studies genetics and molecular/cell biology for a number of years, this brought back memories. Glad to hear about how Dr Sanjana's lab is using CRISPR to create more effective cancer-fighting T-cells.
What's more, Dr Sanjana is an outstanding science communicator - one of the best I've ever come across. Also loved his clarity and ethical approach to answering questions about using CRISPR in a 'eugenics'/'creating better humans' context.
Man you guys do such a great job of finding these specific experts. They are always so in love with their field and it’s contagious
I'm glad he touched on the moral and ethical side of what could be done with CRSPR. Some people don't seem to realize that, specially given how new these technologies are, there are some things as a society that we may be should be aware of. Not everything is fair-game.
Bravo Dr. Neville! I wish I had a professor like you when I were in college.
0:21: 🧬 Geneticist explains diverse traits, DNA testing, and gene mutations.
3:09: 🧬 Mutations can have both positive and negative effects on our health, including stronger bones, protection against diseases, and the development of cancer.
6:26: 🧬 CRISPR technology uses the Cas9 protein to edit DNA and has the potential to treat genetic diseases.
9:21: 🧬 Genome engineering focuses on genetic diseases, DNA replication, and alcoholism.
12:14: 🧬 The epigenome and genome are constantly changing, and CRISPR is being used to develop better cancer therapies.
Recap by Tammy AI with useful time stamps =)
A good use of TH-cam - conveying real knowledge.
That final question and answer is so unbelievably important for human development. Far more than chasing everlasting beauty, youth or "improvements"
Author James Blish wrote a whole series of short stories about settling planets in a space going future. The decision was made it was unethical to "terraform" planets. Instead, humans were genetically engineered to fit into a planet's existing ecosystem.
Something to think about.
@@veramae4098ugh what a horrible thought. The greatest creation in the history of the universe, consciousness, consigned to die out on a single planet.
Watching this while doing my genetics assignment. what a coincidence
They’re watching you
The fact that this guy has a chromosome lapel pin makes this video all the more fun to watch. Very well done.
Had to zoom in for that one 🤣😂 Well spotted 👌🤣
Here we go again, having to convert degrees Fahrenheit to Celsius:
- DNA breaks at temperatures above 204°C
- cremation happens around 815°C - 1093°C
You're welcome, world (I didn't convert the unities of distance because he gives examples of that distance and it is less important) :P
(Really cool video though, you guys are AMAZING ♡♡)
Thanks
experts that can clearly explain complex concepts are my favorite! i could listen all day
I still don't understand why our jeans are so important to this guy.
Aye waste fellow, go wear formal pants then
I don't think he was talking about denim jeans 💀
honestly jeans are pretty important. depending on how well made some of them are they'll probably last longer in the archaeological record than me lmao
Fashion sense can run in the family
I believe this might be one of those skadoosh moments.
It’s amazing that no matter how much we know there’s always more stuff to learn.
Well refined, super well delivered, A's around the board for Dr. Sanjana!
Whoa! You were able to clearly answer many questions in an interesting and easy way to understand! Thank you! Looking forward to another one on DNA and Genetics! 🧬
How smoothly the man explained the complex concepts. Commendable.. Dr. Neville is wonderful. charming and informative. thanks for these shows .
this guy is absolutely incredible at explaining things simply, I understood almost everything he said here, what an incredible talent to have
th-cam.com/video/8VY6XY3Rksg/w-d-xo.html
I truly appreciated the last answer. I feel many people have been worried about using this science in that way & his answer was much more ethical.
CRISPR is so promising. Would we need to understand the genetic basis for diseases like fibro, muscular dystrophy, etc first before being able to effectively cure/prevent them? As in, knowing how they’re written in the genome in the first place? Many genes, so much identifying 🤯
Please make a part two with Dr. Neville! Awesome video
Just learned something. When I eat cilantro by itself it tastes exactly like soap, something I have noticed for a long time. If I eat cilantro as topping on street tacos the soap flavor for the most part blends away.
I love these videos very entertaining thank you for producing this type of content❤😊🎉
Why isn't somebody using Crispr to splice Telomeres for Longer quality of life???
I love this channel
I've never seen a more diverse yet equally intriguing topics in one place🤩🤩🤩🤩
Excellent video. This guy can really explain something hugely complex in an accessible way. Great stuff!
Dr. Neville is wonderful. charming and informative. thanks for these shows . How smoothly the man explained the complex concepts. Commendable..
Mad props to Dr. Neville for answering all those questions seriously and succinctly... including the asinine questions.
Such a great video! Would love to see him come back to answer more questions, especially as new breakthroughs occur.
I think we need a Part 2! 👏👏👏👏
Is it just me or these people teach better than my teachers
they have phds or masters probably
They make way more than them too.
Hard to say. These videos are surface level, compared to a college class that require lecturing on the less engaging details.
@@LENTXT Professors must have a PhD.
@@-Ricky_Spanish- What? This guy is a professor at NYU.
This was highly informative and very entertaining. Thank you.
Worth noticing that he was so compelling and didactic during the AMA but at the very end. It would be interesting to know how exposed to and/or involved Dr. Neville's been with DNA editing for human enhancement.
It's a good sign to see this video because I'm going into school for human genetics in a couple months!
Easy to understand and quite informative.
Thanks.
He carefully shot down eugenics without specifically calling it eugenics. You could tell he was trying to tread very carefully and spoke very deliberately when that kind of thing came up. It really is a fine line there.
thanks so much for explaining this all so well. i needed this in standard 8 (year 10....)
I love that he took every question seriously
So interesting as always
Props to WIRED for bringing education to the desolate rabbit hole that social media can be.
Fabulous guest! Plz have him back again!
I am so thrilled to hear your video on genetics. Genetics has always been one of my favorite fields of science, but I love all fields of science.
After my husband was told to put his affairs in order with no cause of his imminent death. We did it 23 in me. The 23 and me, diagnosed my husband's Alpha One Anticipation Disorder. His mutated gene came alive after exposure to burn pits in the war.
Currently, he's waiting for two lungs and a liver transplant destroyed by a mutated protein. Until that happens every week he takes an infusion of plasma of other people's non-mutated genes (proteins).
Did you mean Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency?
Best practical genetics lecture on TH-cam
What a marvellous video. Great information!
Fantastic, clear explanations. I feel much smarter!
Don't let money control this tech please. We are already freaked out about AI. A world consensus based on ethics is absolutely necessary for such practices.
Idk if it’s is possible to form a world consensus but I like the spirit lol
Why isn't somebody using Crispr to splice Telomeres for Longer quality of life???
This reminds me of an interesting article that I read last semester pertaining to the ethics of human genome editing. If you have access to it, read "Global Governance of Human Genome Editing: What Are the Rules?" by Gary E. Marchant (2021). While there seems to be somewhat of a worldwide "consensus" for the time being, it will be extremely hard to regulate if proper mechanisms aren't put in place.
@@lipstick318because it's not easy to do so... without proper scientific training it's not possible to do it. and with proper scientific training the person knows that it is not possible to do it in such a straightforward manner. Hope that helps!
They threw some dude in jail bc he made designer babies so I think geneticists are kinda on the same page.
The ease this guy explained sequencing is honestly what all of us microbiologists should strive for.
This guy is beyond amazing. A real genius moved by endless passion.
Very cool! Thanks for doing this!
Thank you for even mentioning beta thalassemia! Most of my docs have never even heard of it and I wind up explaining it to them, including having to wave away the harmful and needless retests they try to force on me, I'm going to save this video and let this gentleman explain it for me. It gives me hope that it is being seen and is a candidate for CRISPR.
I love the video It was very entertaining and easy to understand for complex concepts
it was truuuuuly amazing. I wanted to keep listening like wow, great great greaaaaat one
I wanted someone to ask about the implications of this and eugenics vs ethics in gene therapy.
I have the gene for brown eyes, but have blue eyes due to the other genes. I'm fascinated to see if my baby will inherit that other gene or not, or if my husband (who also has blue eyes) and I will end up with a brown-eyed baby.
I have brown eye genes, but green eyes. I also have parents with darker skin and I am pale and sunburn. My kids have blue eyes, bronze skin and light auburn hair. I have dark hair, hubs is blonde. Genetics are insane.
I have blue eyes, both my parents also. My husband has brown eyes, but only his father has brown eyes.
All 4 of my kids have brown eyes. I thought 1 would be blue. Nope. Sigh. 😂
My parents both have blue eyes, and all their parents have blue eyes, but 2/3 of their kids have green eyes! Eye color is crazy, man!
But I thought that two blue-eyed parents can't have a brown-eyed child?
@@Furienna that's the thing about it that's weird. According to genetic testing, I should have brown eyes. So I only have blue eyes because of some other gene that is blocking the brown eyes. It's not the same gene that causes blue eyes for most people. About 1 or 2% of people with blue eyes have the same situation
I love this series. I want to see more of the mortician, he's amazing!
Wonderful easy to understand explanation. Thank you.
I've been rewatching _SeaQuest DSV_ recently, and that last question sounded like it came straight out of the Season 2 premiere, which introduced a hominin race of genetically engineered life forms (GELFs) who, due to their engineered genes, could survive and thrive in a low-oxygen environment; due to the destruction of rainforests, the use of machines that capture CO2 to sequester carbon and generate oxygen to keep our air breathable, and a fully implemented SDI system (ask your parents about that last one, kids), this was a crucial plot point. Unfortunately, Spielbergian pseudoscience woo tanked the plot, not just for the premiere, but for the rest of the series.
Can you do a video about gene or DNA involvement about curly hair? My mother has it too (we're Caucasian). But, we both had straight hair until puberty.
This was super interesting, And the expert explained concepts very clearly.
When the Lenny Kravitz question was asked i genuinely thought he'll talk at length about methylation😂
While I kind of wish I did like cilantro, I think it's a bad idea to "fix" these genetic changes. They arose due to some form of evolutionary pressure. To assume this change is "broken" in the first place is a fundamental mistake in the logic. Basically, as mentioned in the beginning of the video, we don't want to homogenize our genome because it opens us up to the reemergence of the original pressure that caused this genetic quirk. For example, the current theory on this cilantro aversion is that there is a parasitic insect that lived/lives in our bedding. The people who developed the cilantro aversion gene picked it up because this parasitic bug emits a chemical that's unfortunately shared within the flavour/aroma profile of cilantro as well. The interesting thing about the quirk too is that the people who like cilantro cannot detect the smell, and by that I mean, they're incapable of smelling or tasting the component. The people who you want to "fix" have the ability to detect the chemical. If anything perhaps the solution is to "fix" the cilantro to remove the component that "normal" cilantro loving people can't even tell is there? Of course now we have a paradox, do we risk humanity for the sake of cilantro of risk cilantro for the sake of humanity? If a choice had to be made between the two, I'd think perhaps we would risk cilantro for the sake of humanity because we likely could maintain two branches of the cilantro species in one of several capacities without genetically putting cilantro at risk as we would continue to cultivate and protect it.
Interesting theory! I think cilantro tastes like the smell of stink bugs
I can’t wait to learn more about this. I love biology
What an amazing teacher
I'm one of those people of Asian descent that feel sick with alcohol ingestion. It is impossible for me to become an alcoholic because my body can't get used to it.
Alcoholism runs in my family, my father's side. Doctor's have explained it as a "predisposition" to become addicted, but not a certainty. Much depends on behavior. I limit myself to 3 -5 drinks a year, birthdays, New Year's, etc.
@@veramae4098 good on you!
I love the last answer. Not just can we do something, but should we.
Wow, thank you, OCA2! And Doctor Sanjana 😅 I appreciate my eyes and the knowledge
Phenomenal explanations thank you
Gattaca is a great film about the consequences and potential problems with genetic editing to weed out ‘undesirable’ genetic traits in favor of ‘enhancing’ humanity.
I have identical twin sons. By 20yrs old, one was 3 inches taller with perfect vision. The other 3 inches shorter with 20/2000.
I'd chalk it up to their diet. One drinks tons of milk. The other prefers water. The one that drinks only water also has no cavities. His brother, not so much.
The taller one is the one that drinks lots of water then?
That’s quite interesting
@@wavewatcher_ He didn't actually say which was which. Something of an oversight, I think.
I’d read his book. So eloquent and precise.
Thank you. That was fascinating. I hope some day we are able to find a way to turn back on the tumor suppressive gene.
Could you add units in celsius(, kilograms and such if the subject has these units) in these videos too I don’t know fahrenheit and don’t always want to google whenever I see those units
I wish this guy was my biology teacher
bro im doing bio and its just so exciting to point out all the stuff that ive learnt in this video
like "omg i learnt about insulin production and genetical modifications before" it's somehow very affirming
That was facinating! Dr. Sanjana is an excellent science communicator.
I wonder what mutations were missed out on because that person did not reproduce
Edit: 23&me will also replace expired kits. I had a kit that expired in 2020 and got it replaced a few months ago. It was lost during a move but found after another. Pretty good service
That's kind of the thing. If the mutation was helpful/good, it would've been passed on. It's kind of like asking how many geniuses have dropped out of college. Well, if they were geniuses, they wouldn't have dropped out now, would they? 😉
@@feynstein1004 do most geniuses go to college?
@@feynstein1004
Or the person decided not to have children and it has nothing with how helpful/good their mutation was
Almost all mutations die out, whether good or bad. It's pretty random which ones survive, because even if they give a slight advantage, the odds are still way against them.
I'd guess that the answer to the 'taste like soap'-question is Yes
Questions head on genetic alteration which doesn't discuss extreme deceases is still worth answering, in my opinion.
It spreads awareness in a way that widens the emotinal spectra associated to the science which in practice focus on important things, and drives the interest further than only talking about the most urgent issues.
Thank you Dr. Neville !!
really cool tech support Thanks for doing it
The Name's Bond... Genes Bond.
"Pour me the usual - 3 ounces Amylase · 1 ounce Lipase · 1/2 ounce dry Protease · Bile, for garnish ...
Shaken, not stirred."
So I have me/cfs and the MTHFR gene mutation which means I have a 60-70% reduced methylation capacity. I'd really love it if the crispr technology could fix that genetic mutation and hopefully all the biological process that currently don't function properly could be improved. I'd love to stop being severely disabled and be able to rejoin the workforce and have a social life again.
this is an awesome series
This was super interesting because a lot of it had something to do with me personally 😆 I'm a tall female in a family of short people, I have blue eyes, cilantro tastes like soap to me, I'm Finnish but I am allergic to alcohol ( I still drink a lot though and take allergy meds before drinking), being Finnish we have a very limited gene pool and have diseases that don't exist anywhere else in the world and also diseases that are wide spread specifically in our country. Thanks for this Wired!
genes were always the most interesting part of biology
I would have loved to see a question about AI use and advancement in understanding genetics. I would imagine there would be some revolutionary technologies around this, at least in progress.