Structures: The Subjunctive (IELTS, TOEFL Writing)

แชร์
ฝัง
  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 2 ก.พ. 2025

ความคิดเห็น • 194

  • @Alsucreates
    @Alsucreates 5 ปีที่แล้ว +12

    I support you in anything, Adam, please do exist ! I love your really comprehensive and approachable explanations !

  • @fortisprom
    @fortisprom 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    This is the most satisfying explanation I’ve ever been given about the subjunctive mood in English. Excellent job Adam!

  • @fazilpeerally5288
    @fazilpeerally5288 8 ปีที่แล้ว +22

    Hi Adam,
    Thanks you so much for the video lesson about Subjunctive Mood. It is now clear in my mind of how and when to use it . After studying English for years, it is now that I have a good explanation of the Subjunctive. Hats off to you . Your are indeed an outstanding English teacher.
    I wish you all the best.
    Kind regards,
    Fazil

  • @daphneromero65
    @daphneromero65 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    I write research papers and never did I realize that I am already applying subjunctive mood to my writing style. However, I need to revisit them to see if I did not commit any mistakes in formulating my sentences. I couldn't be more grateful to you, Adam!

  • @vikioreiro
    @vikioreiro 10 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Hi, Adam! Thank you very much for your work. I like your teaching approaches and the way you explain difficult things to us. I've been subscribed to your channel for around 2 years, and since that time I've learned much more grammar rules and words than I did in my whole life being taught by other teachers.
    Best regards from Moscow😊 thank you once again

  • @mimiseton
    @mimiseton 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great teacher - finally! You speak English really well, both in terms of your ideas, clearly communicating the rules of the road, and in terms of speaking English without a foreign accent from a non-Anglophone country. I have real trouble listening to people from non-Anglophone countries teaching English on the Net, pronouncing words in heavy accents so they are not really correct, and making mistakes of syntax and grammar! The people studying with these teachers often don't realize they are imitating someone who is not truly excellent in English! You ARE. Praise the Gods of Language! Mercury. Saraswati. And others :-)

  • @ajs11201
    @ajs11201 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very well explained. You've packed a lot of material into this short lesson. One side note--in U.S. usage, we'd probably identify that "base verb" as an "infinitive." The infinitive when used as a subjunctive indicates a future condition, so for past and present situations: I wish that I were rich right now. In the future: I wish that I be rich tomorrow.

  • @islamraisul1516
    @islamraisul1516 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    I have never seen such a skillful presenter like you.

  • @Milan-xh1ke
    @Milan-xh1ke 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    I've watched these types of videos so many times and read about this grammar point in order to master it because it's pretty hard to recognize and memorize it overnight. I've noticed though that as I brush up on my English classes every day, I keep them in mind for longest. Maybe I make one or two mistakes when talking, but undoubtedly my english is looking up, otherwise I wouldn't be able to write this way, I couldn't watch videos on youtube either. In addition your classes have been extremely useful for me.

  • @raginisharma9302
    @raginisharma9302 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hello Adam,
    You are one of the finest teachers that I have come across on TH-cam. This is an excellent video on subjunctive grammar usage which I was looking for a long time . Thank you so much for helping me clear my doubts through such an organised and comprehensive video. I have no words to describe my joy after discovering this yet I will try .Thanks a million for doing such a great job here and sharing your knowledge with us. It means a lot to people like me who is always trying to get better in English speaking.
    You rock!! :)

  • @ahmadsuleiman8029
    @ahmadsuleiman8029 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    14:30 "It is only through hard work and dedication that a person finds success"......... would you please clarify the reason you used tense verb for "finds" although it has followed "it is"?

  • @jorgeoliveira9301
    @jorgeoliveira9301 7 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Thanks for all the lessons! You're the best teacher!!!

  • @techyjohn3386
    @techyjohn3386 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you, but can you please tell be the situation when it is necessary to use subjunctive? I mean when it is wrong to not use subjunctive? And what effect does it create to text.

  • @piecemealwisdom3248
    @piecemealwisdom3248 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    THank you Adam for making all these invaluable lessons available for free.

  • @Abu-Aley
    @Abu-Aley 8 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Hi Adam,
    Many thanks for such important good lesson.
    As you mentioned, British shall use the word "Should" before the subjunctie. So, the question is, between the American and British slight differences, if the writing or speaking is mixed with both some British and some American grammar, spelling, or words, shall that affects my score or the examiner disregard the English source as long as it is correct?
    Sincerely,
    Ahmad,

  • @regianetostes3446
    @regianetostes3446 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent explanation, I never knew why I had to use were in the IF HYPOTHETICAL situation, now I know. I just got confused with the indicative verbs because in the last example you used a different verb from the list, is the easier way to identify the third situation through "IT IS" or "VERBS"? Thanks

  • @miguelpelaez727
    @miguelpelaez727 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    You’re the best, Adam!

  • @hasia2796
    @hasia2796 5 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Hello .
    Can I say "if need be , we're always willing to help" ?

  • @mariyasameh9489
    @mariyasameh9489 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    You are an amazing teacher🌷🌷I wish my professors at my university lecture like your marvelous style.

  • @altrito
    @altrito 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Adam, you are the greatest teacher on youtube, thanks a lot for your video lessons

  • @sohad001
    @sohad001 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    In 13:55, you used to mandate that... Employ; however, It's not an indicative verb not adjective? Why its base verb?

  • @sonalthakkar498
    @sonalthakkar498 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    What a fascinating lecture it is! Sir Thankyou
    I have one question I would be very thankful if you answer it please
    Sentence: Nowadays it is insisted by everyone that we should be concern(?) about the inexorable changes in the environment and take steps to improve it; otherwise, we would forever lose our only change of making it better.
    My doubt is: after "we" structure (
    i.e.
    we should be concern is correct or it would be we should be concern"ed" is "ed" required after concern?
    Please reply at earliest

  • @masoudshabestary5778
    @masoudshabestary5778 8 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Your videos (in both Engvid & Writetotop channels) are the best among the English learning youtubes. I have also one suggestion: you can make some videos on the Celpip Test speaking/writing.
    Specially, good tips for the Celpip test speaking section would be very useful since I have not seen similar videos for the Celpip in the youtube.
    tnx

  • @richardmajece5498
    @richardmajece5498 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    This video was useful for me when I decided to write my first academic essay. But I also know that on nerdymates you can find help. IELTS is very important if you want to travel abroad or prove that you have a high level of English. I managed to pass it recently so I know what are you talking about. Just try to look for online advices and it will help you in your academic future

  • @carlosvallejo2695
    @carlosvallejo2695 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hi, I am from Mexico. So one day I analyzed the phrase "god bless you" then I said: god is third person so I searched and I found this topic "subjuntive" and this explanation is awesome

  • @itgoesmyway
    @itgoesmyway 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Adam,
    I understand that in informal scenarios, the "that" may be omitted and the past/present form of the verb may be used instead of the subjunctive. However, in an exam, can we do that as well? Or is your recommendation to always include "that" and to strictly use the "subjunctive" form of the verb instead of the past/present? E.g. I recommended he delayed seeing a specialist. ("that" is omitted, past tense used instead of the subjunctive)

  • @sadeghsoleimani2649
    @sadeghsoleimani2649 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Had I seen your videos sooner, I would have learned all about it earlier. THE best and teacher.

  • @fatemes2784
    @fatemes2784 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    hi Adam, thank u for teaching us very well
    I have a question
    this is subjunctive?
    He paused, afraid lest he say too much.

  • @waltdoherty540
    @waltdoherty540 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent. Clear and informative.

  • @wasekostamenov9617
    @wasekostamenov9617 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Hi Adam, thanks for this useful video.Let me ask you a question.does the sentance "That's why it is crucial for the voters to support the initiatives." convey similar meaning like the other in which the subjunctive mood is used(your example).Like a no native speaker I cannot differ them.Thanks again.
    t

  • @rajghouse5394
    @rajghouse5394 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hi Adam,
    I would like to thank you for your videos. How can I found all the grammar videos in one place all are mixed, it's messy to find out please advise. Thanks
    I mean say you, when I was searching only grammar videos all the videos appears in sequence In TH-cam like grammar, vocabulary, writing and idioms together unable to go through step by step on grammar or writing videos. It will help us to concentrate on learning.

  • @sentilaineelape9678
    @sentilaineelape9678 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Good day,Sir, can I ask how many types of subjunctive mood like past subjunctive , past present subjunctive, etc?

  • @hassn7750
    @hassn7750 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    it is necessary that when a student wants/want, to improve his skills, he joys/joy workshop. what do you think? Mr, Adem. which form of the verb is correct.

    • @marvinchoudhary1116
      @marvinchoudhary1116 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Wants and joys is correct as you subject is third person singular... according to me

  • @AliAsghar-xy2uf
    @AliAsghar-xy2uf 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    It is the best of Adam's Videos.

  • @Godblessme85
    @Godblessme85 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thanks sir for this.
    More power to your elbow.

  • @andreamachicado7636
    @andreamachicado7636 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    thank you!!! Very good explanations and examples

  • @julioquizhpe3327
    @julioquizhpe3327 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks. I am preparing to take the C1 test. I am going to use them in my writing practice.

  • @uytouytoo9944
    @uytouytoo9944 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    second one: it is necessary that you should do it. it is necessary that you do it. speaking of subjunctive form, is there any meaning difference between those sentences? and is there any quality difference (i mean one is more academic than the other)?

  • @asadkhan-xs1zt
    @asadkhan-xs1zt 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    first time someone made such a great and comprehensive video on this topic. i subscribed u instantly after watching this video bcoz i am in canada and watching your videos will help me understand the canadian english in a better way. i want you do make us learn some slang also which is the major part of canadian society and i say u came back with a bang. keep it up.

  • @ayaalrawi8578
    @ayaalrawi8578 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you Mr. Adam! It was really useful.. But I have in my book the categories of subjunctive, one of them is formulaic subjunctive, Can you tell me how can I use it? If you don't mind

  • @TheQueensEnglishHouse
    @TheQueensEnglishHouse 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Informative. . .

  • @thaunghtikesoe5405
    @thaunghtikesoe5405 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks a bunch for your best lecture.I certainly appreciate your lecture.

  • @MrHamadmand
    @MrHamadmand 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi.Tanks for the incredibly invaluable lessons. my inquiry is about " going forward" in your sentence "this could easily change the reality and ground and going forward". Is not this a break to the parallel sentences rule? otherwise what exactly its function and meaning here?thanks so so much.

  • @nothingworks230
    @nothingworks230 ปีที่แล้ว

    nice class, I was looking for it.

  • @devashikajayamanna2255
    @devashikajayamanna2255 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

    This was a great lesson. But I have got some small issues in there the "were" subjunctive. Can you explain more about how that "were" comes first in a sentence? Thank you.

  • @athee3569
    @athee3569 5 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Omg, really helpful sir. May god bless you.

  • @areejfatima7042
    @areejfatima7042 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    absolutely easy to understand.

  • @attomidirss2354
    @attomidirss2354 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Hello Adam!thank you very much for this video,because I have been looking for it

  • @dileepa1901
    @dileepa1901 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you very much for the lesson.
    Please try to publish more lessons like this, those are about grammatical structures of sentences as there are very limited number of online resources available to learn something like this.

  • @sir.juntak9459
    @sir.juntak9459 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    You're a smart teacher Adam. I like you much❤

  • @zhduan1498
    @zhduan1498 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    4:54 didn't explain it clear...could you elaborate further.. what confusing is “wish” means desire. if someone weren't desired for sth, why would they use wish. Great video thks.

  • @abramoschwarzkopf8195
    @abramoschwarzkopf8195 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    such a great teacher 👍👏👏

  • @sisrock8155
    @sisrock8155 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Adam, great video!
    Would it be correct to say 'It is important that each member FILLS out a form'? Thanks.

  • @sanazmohammadi8863
    @sanazmohammadi8863 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    thanks a lot,, that was great...can we use other modals like must instead of 'should'? because it sounds to me that all of them must've had kind of modal verb beforehand, and then they're omitted! 😕 like in this: it is important that we must be polite in class!

    • @sanazmohammadi8863
      @sanazmohammadi8863 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      it is crucial that we must consider all the factors

  • @vitalydavydov5049
    @vitalydavydov5049 7 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    I wish Ronnie had another channel apart from Engvid as well! You both are so cool guys!

  • @trustianalestari4109
    @trustianalestari4109 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thx Adam you teach so clearly...i can understand fully now

  • @sonalthakkar498
    @sonalthakkar498 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Impressive lecture sir, Thank you so much
    I have question please answer that I would be very thankful to you
    Sentence in your video: Thus, it is important that decision"s"(decisions) not be left to those unqualified to answer them
    My doubt: y not decision follows the subjunctive mood why it is decision"s" and decision?
    Please reply and Thankyou so much

  • @amitasharma3606
    @amitasharma3606 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    your videos are the best among all .I have a request .if it is feasible then please make video on usage of been .I mean the usage of has been when it is not passive or repetition .e.g I have been stunned . there have been an accident on the road like this . Thank you Mr Adam.

  • @osirishernandezjuarez9691
    @osirishernandezjuarez9691 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hey Adam i've been studying English for a while on my own, although it is not easy i've improved my skills and many of your videos have helped me a lot, i do not usually suscribe to a youtube chanel as some times i get too many information and it makes me feel anxious hahah but i will subscribe to your chanel because i really like your videos and the way to teach lessons :D REGARDS from Mexico

  • @sanazmohammadi8863
    @sanazmohammadi8863 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    and why 'wish' is also mentioned in the indicative table in second part again? What's the difference?

  • @2EleDiosSar
    @2EleDiosSar 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you Sir, i hope God bless you.

  • @vallasar6882
    @vallasar6882 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Adam, thanks for just another great video of yours.
    I have a question: Do we use Subj.mood after ,,lest and until''?
    Are these sentences correct:
    I left lest I were here.
    Until death do us part(a novel by A.Cristie)
    Thank you!

    • @elvst3331
      @elvst3331 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Val Lasar your sentences are correctly used. Thanks

  • @lwnaALiraq
    @lwnaALiraq 8 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thank you so much for the video, very much appreciated Mr. Adam

  • @rakeshkumarmadella7955
    @rakeshkumarmadella7955 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Simply superb Adam wow.. I have never seen a teacher like you.. great.

  • @filomenacalabrese8246
    @filomenacalabrese8246 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    So helpful to learn how to teach English!

  • @MrGalo90
    @MrGalo90 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    You're a great teacher Adam. Thanks for helping us!

  • @davideselmin8018
    @davideselmin8018 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent explanation...

  • @MegaAlegzander
    @MegaAlegzander 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    hey Adam, could you, please, explain why there is no -s ending in the sentences "In my opinion, schools ought to insist that every instructor take_...".
    And 'Were they to mandate that every school employ_..." thanks 😉

    • @MegaAlegzander
      @MegaAlegzander 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@omidhabibi3130 Thanks man

  • @mariamkinen8036
    @mariamkinen8036 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    I love the subjunctive tense. In French too. The if -inversion is nice. Wish is an unreal hope....great info.

  • @mahmoudelgharably4039
    @mahmoudelgharably4039 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    what if i want to use future or past tenses for example the doctor asked if i made (or make ) the blood test ,and if i'd like to use the future tense will make or make

  • @maungoakkar3929
    @maungoakkar3929 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Can I use " It is difficult that " ?

  • @user-iw5ow5lf4s
    @user-iw5ow5lf4s 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    subjunctive mode or mood ,o no difference at all ?

  • @YHo-nw4yx
    @YHo-nw4yx 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Adam, great lesson. Plus I like the handwritten notes is replaced by typed notes. Ver neat! Thank you so much! Please teach us some lessons how to read news. Many phrases and words that show up in news seem to carry certain meanings.

  • @anissaandromeda2947
    @anissaandromeda2947 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    I am still learning english.. i am still confused with the subjunctive using indicative verbs.. so we have to remember the indicative verbs?

  • @dr.arefalnaib3425
    @dr.arefalnaib3425 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    my question is why employ does not take S?? thank you anyway Adam
    Were they to mandate that every school employ a nutritionist to oversee cafeteria as well as conduct healthy eating workshops, this could easily change the reality on the ground and going forward.

  • @MarceloPereira-of8fo
    @MarceloPereira-of8fo 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Using the subjuctive, can we replace "I wish" for "I want" with the same meaning?

  • @bettyegoavil9070
    @bettyegoavil9070 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks a lot Adam. Great lesson!

  • @johnconnor9787
    @johnconnor9787 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Awesome explanation

  • @talkttalk2010
    @talkttalk2010 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great presentation

  • @merlynsakinahasisrail2724
    @merlynsakinahasisrail2724 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    thank u for ur obvious explanation, Adam👍
    hope to get ur vid notification more often both from this account and learning English with Adam 😊

  • @floras0212
    @floras0212 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi! Thank you for the lesson. Is there a mistake in the sentence?
    It is crucial to understand that a problem of not distinguishing the difference between accurate and untrusted information exist among people.

    • @floras0212
      @floras0212 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks

    • @floras0212
      @floras0212 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      It is crucial to understand that the problem of not distinguishing
      between accurate and untrustworthy information exists among
      people.
      Do we need to use the verb exists, rather than exist in this sentence? As I understood the lesson, noun clause must be here.

  • @satratey
    @satratey 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Sir , Is following paragraph grammatically correct ?
    "Both petrol and diesel has different ignition temperature as I have written in my previous comment so mixture of the fuels may affect the combustion process and working of the engine. If we use the mixture in petrol engine , it will not generate as much power stroke as pure petrol does in petrol engine and will reduce the efficiency of engine . Incomplete combustion of diesel will generate unburned carbon particles that will deposite on cylinder wall and will reduce volumetric efficiency of the engine."

    • @satratey
      @satratey 8 ปีที่แล้ว

      ***** Thank you for response , Sir

  • @saraeftekharazam8000
    @saraeftekharazam8000 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you so much dear adam🌸🌸🌸🌸

  • @enisoztoprak8799
    @enisoztoprak8799 9 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Thanks...

  • @shamkumar983
    @shamkumar983 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    sir I have advance grammar but when it comes to speaking I am always making even simple mistakes guide me how to have power over speaking and I am preparing for exams like GMAT give some tips to Bell such exams

  • @KirillBuglak
    @KirillBuglak 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    How about
    I wish you had done this - is it incorrect? Maybe I didn't catch the point about why second verb couldn't be changed

  • @sidiye7829
    @sidiye7829 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    thank you! Your explanation is clear enough for me to understand the structure and find it easier to write some sentences with subjunctive mood by myself. :))

  • @behdadjafroodi6094
    @behdadjafroodi6094 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Adam, thank you for your straight method in teaching advance grammar.

  • @sonalthakkar498
    @sonalthakkar498 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Is sentence
    If we were instructed that deadline is near,we would complete the work early
    Does the word instruct like(insist,demand) takes the subjunctive form of verb like here it is complete and not would have " complet - 'ed' "
    Please reply

    • @sonalthakkar498
      @sonalthakkar498 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      In shot, is the sentence written is correct grammatically?

  • @djdjfjc8230
    @djdjfjc8230 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    It will be a good idea that you make a video vis-a-vis summersing a diagram at task 1 of the Ielts exam .

  • @wasekostamenov9617
    @wasekostamenov9617 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    ""Subjunctive vs indicative mood examples
    I wouldn’t marry him if he were the last man on Earth. [unlikely scenario]
    If he was right, I didn’t find out until it was too late. [possible scenario]"
    Very useful,thanks Adam.I came across the explanation above on NET.They make diference between the two-subjunctive and conditionals.Is it that correct and why is used "was"in second sentence? Thanks again.

    • @WritetotheTop
      @WritetotheTop  7 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Hi Wasekostamenov,
      "I didn’t find out if he was right until it was too late." I rearranged the sentence to give you another view of it.
      This sentence seems illogical to me. The 'it was too late' part suggests you already found out whether he was right or not, so the 'if' is no longer applicable. It should be written: I didn’t find out that he was right until it was too late.
      Does this help with your question?

  • @sanazmohammadi8863
    @sanazmohammadi8863 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    and what if we don't use the clause?then they are followed typically by their order?like recommend + ing,suggest +ing?

    • @lucindahickey8151
      @lucindahickey8151 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      When followed by +ing presumably then they are not subjunctive. Is that correct? Thanks for the video.

  • @ЮтубЕпта-ъ6в
    @ЮтубЕпта-ъ6в 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very helpful. I wish you were my teacher.

  • @rakeshkumarmadella7955
    @rakeshkumarmadella7955 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very nice thank u Adam.

  • @amirsaleev3944
    @amirsaleev3944 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hello Sir! Thank you for such valuable lessons!!

  • @robertoantoniello3268
    @robertoantoniello3268 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Adam. I have been watching your videos for one month and i have improved my english only thanks to you. I would like to ask you one question concerning the subjunctive mood that you analysed in this lesson. if i want to describe a hypothetical situation in the past using the subjunctive mood , instead of saying, for example "if i were in your shoes, i would have done that" ( past simple and present perfect) can i rewrite the first sentence with the past perfect and say "if i had been in your shoes, i would have done that"? Technically the first part of the sentence, with the if conditional plus "were",is not referring to the past. Thanks again for either your efforts and support and have a nice day.
    Ps: if you will find some errors or mistakes in this comment, i apologize in advance

  • @husseintheyemeni8297
    @husseintheyemeni8297 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for the awesome lesson

  • @fearless-bn8is
    @fearless-bn8is 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I love you Adam! ♡

  • @nataliyaasprey6215
    @nataliyaasprey6215 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you so much.

  • @ahmedghraiby8897
    @ahmedghraiby8897 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    So many thanks Adam.