Summary of How Emotions Are Made by Lisa Feldman Barrett | Free Audiobook
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Learn About the Secret Life of the Brain
When you feel sad, angry, happy, or anxious, what is really going on inside of you? For centuries, scientists have believed that our emotions come from a part of the brain that is triggered by our environment: the excitement for an upcoming holiday, the fear of losing a loved one, or the anxiety of meeting a deadline for work. These emotions seem uncontrollable and as if they surface automatically from within, eventually finding themselves on the expressions of our faces and in how we carry ourselves. People have long believed this theory about emotions since the days of Plato. But what if everything we know about emotions is wrong? Psychologist and neuroscientist Lisa Feldman Barrett gathers the latest scientific research and evidence to reveal that our common-sense ideas about emotions are long outdated. Instead of emotions being pre-programmed into our brains and bodies, emotions are much more complex than previously thought, and Dr. Barrett aims to prove how our emotions are shaped by our experiences and personal history.
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TLDR: Emotions are not fixed and universal, but rather constructed by the brain through bodily sensations and past experiences, and are influenced by external factors and cultural context.
1. 00:00 🧠 Emotions are not fixed and universal, but rather complex and varied, as seen in Dr. Barrett's research on low self-esteem, anxiety, and depression.
1.1 In times of tragedy, people respond with heartfelt emotions and tears, as seen in the example of the Sandy Hook school shooting, showing how emotions are made and shared.
1.2 Emotions are not hardwired reflexes, but rather vary and are not universal, as modern science challenges the classical view of emotions being fixed in our biological nature.
1.3 Dr. Barrett's research on low self-esteem, anxiety, and depression showed that emotions are more complex than previously believed, contradicting well-known hypotheses and classical views of emotions.
2. 03:32 🧠 Emotions are not universally experienced or expressed in the same way, challenging the belief that emotions are innate and have specific brain fingerprints.
2.1 Emotions are not universally experienced or expressed in the same way, leading to variations in how people communicate and differentiate their emotional experiences.
2.2 Dr. Barrett and her team found that the classical view of emotions is not supported by brain activity, as the amygdala is activated for various emotions and non-emotional experiences, challenging the belief that emotions are innate and have specific brain fingerprints.
2.3 The transportation security administration's training program to detect deception based on facial and bodily movements failed, costing taxpayers 900 million dollars, and the theory of constructed emotion questions how we know if we're attracted to someone.
3. 07:01 🧠 Emotions are not fixed, but rather constructed from bodily sensations and past experiences, varying depending on individual experiences and the situation.
3.1 Dr. Barrett believed she was feeling attraction simply because she felt the symptoms of a flush face and butterflies in her stomach.
3.2 Emotions are created by the brain based on bodily sensations and past experiences, and vary depending on individual experiences and the situation.
3.3 Emotions are not fixed, but rather constructed from personal experiences and brain predictions, similar to how different cookies are made from the same core ingredients.
4. 10:28 🧠 Emotions are created by the brain's ongoing process of representing the body's internal state, using past experiences to make predictions and regulate the body's resources.
4.1 Feelings come from an ongoing process inside of you called enteroception, which is the brain's representation of what's going on inside your body, and is the basis of your emotions.
4.2 Your brain uses past experiences to make predictions about the world around you in order to keep you alive and well.
4.3 The enteroceptive network regulates the body's resources and controls emotions based on the state of the body budget.
4.4 A portable heart rate monitor beeped when a graduate student's heart rate sped up as her advisor walked into the room, showing that emotions can be triggered by simple events like seeing someone in authority.
5. 14:02 🧠 Your brain predicts body's energy needs, leading to affective valence and arousal, which depend on enteroception and cause brain to search for explanations based on past experiences to predict impact on body budget and change affect.
5.1 Your brain predicts your body's energy needs, leading to affective valence and arousal, which are the general feelings of pleasantness or unpleasantness and calmness or agitation experienced throughout the day.
5.2 Affect depends on enteroception, which is a constant in your life and helps regulate your body budget by tracking various bodily functions.
5.3 Your affect doesn't tell you how to act, but rather causes your brain to search for explanations using past experiences, constantly trying to predict which objects and events will impact your body budget and change your affect.
6. 16:50 🧠 Emotions are influenced by external factors and cultural context, impacting decision-making and our understanding of emotions.
6.1 Emotions can have significant consequences, as shown by a study where judges were more likely to deny parole to prisoners before lunch, demonstrating how affect can influence decision-making.
6.2 Our emotions can be influenced by external factors, leading to tragic consequences such as negative job interviews on rainy days and mistaken shootings in high-pressure situations.
6.3 Different cultures have different concepts of emotions, with some not even having a concept of certain emotions, showing that our understanding of emotions is constructed based on our cultural environment.
6.4 The distinction between muffins and cupcakes is not based on their physical differences, but on cultural and social agreements.
7. 21:02 🧠 Emotions are not innate, but are constructed through experiences and culture, with physical sensations imbued with additional functions learned from our cultures.
7.1 Emotions are a social construct formed by cultural conventions, where physical sensations are imbued with additional functions learned from our cultures.
7.2 The historical record shows that the association of smiling with happiness is a modern invention, as ancient Greeks and Romans did not smile spontaneously when happy and the word "smile" did not exist in Latin or ancient Greek.
7.3 Emotion concepts, such as awe, are not innate and are instead learned through experiences and cultural influences.
7.4 Newborn brains undergo statistical learning, allowing infants to become hardwired for their native language and make predictions about the world, with spoken words giving them access to emotional concepts.
7.5 Emotions are not innate, but are constructed through experiences and culture, and as we learn new emotion concepts, we become better at distinguishing and responding to emotions.
8. 26:29 📚 Emotions are not fixed, but rather constructed by our brains, and this understanding can have a profound impact on our lives.
Summary: Emotions are a reality that are constructed through our experiences and culture.
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Thanks for the upload! I found it quite intriguing how affective realism might be the foundation for the Jungian collective unconscious as a symbolic framework.
Interesting thought! Affective realism as our adopted/unexamined reactions to the events & behaviours as perceived from within the Jungian "collective illusion" (as he also referred to it).
Thank you for your effort on this :)
Thank you!
You're welcome!
Very good thank you
Thanks for the summary 😃
Most welcome😊
لا اله الا الله وحده لاشريك له الملك وله الحمد وهو على كل شي قدير
لا اله الا الله وحده لاشريك له الملك وله الحمد وهو على كل شي قدير
اللهم صل وسلم على نبينا محمد
اللهم صل وسلم على نبينا محمد