As two stars of same size and at same distance from us can have different apparent brightness (because of how they are burning and their other physical properties) then how can we determine the distance of a star based on the relation of it's apparent brightness to the apparent brightness of another star with known distance.
My question is if there is a dark matter which can bend the space time such as what the real matter do. so how we are pretty sure that this light, which may be bent before reach to us, is representing the real poistion of the star that we had calulculated its distance form us. In fact, I'm doubt that these calculations are right.
I’ve been puzzled about Red Shift theory for decades now. It seems to me there is a fundamental problem in astronomy in regards to quantum flux of photons from distant bodies (those greater than 128,000 light-years distant). If brightness can be measured in terms of photon flux, and if stars the size of our sun experience a quartering of flux for each doubling of distance, then it seems 128,000 light years is a threshold for observation at the earth of any radiant body the size of our sun. At 1 AU (150 Million km) we receive roughly 3.67E+21 photons per square meter per second. One light year is roughly 9.46E+12 km. Therefore, if doubling of distance occurs 10 times in each 1E+3 greater than 1AU, and photon flux is quartered 10 times for each 1E+3 greater distance than 1AU, it would seem 1 light-year reduces photo flux per square meter by 16 quarterings (1/4^16). This yields a photon flux of only 8.55 Billion (8.55E+11 photons per square meter per second) at one light-year distance. Continuing this method, flux drops to 815,000 at 1000 light-years, and 800 photons for 32,000 light-years (about one third the diameter of the Milky Way galaxy). Can anyone confirm? All of this analysis assumes 100% “empty space” from here to the radiant object. Of course, we know this is not true. Particulate matter in our own solar system is measurable, so Absolute vacuum should not be expected outside our solar system. How might this reduce quantum flux further?
I'm not sure what your problem is. It is even stated very clearly in this video that to determine the distance to stars much farther away, we look for supernova in distant galaxies. A supernova is sending out a tiny bit more light than our sun. We aren't seeing individual stars the size of our sun millions of light years away.
Willoughby Krenzteinburg - okay, but don’t you find it interesting how we can only see 50 photons from a star on the opposite side of our own galaxy (assuming a clear line-of-sight), and our own galaxy is presumed to be 100,000 light-years across? Seems like too much of a coincidence.
Willoughby Krenzteinburg - none in particular, the coincidence is our galaxy was declared just big enough where we could detect photons from any star in our own galaxy, but not any one star in any other galaxy. Here’s another puzzle for you: we know not all stars are fusing hydrogen; some are fusing helium, some carbon, etc. Therefore, when we look at distant galaxies, do we see the spectral lines for all of these elements, all Red-Shifted?
Besides the parallax method none of the following methods explain anything because the way the reference values are obtained ist NOT explained but instead asserted. Thus in order for this explanations to be scientific the roots - in this case the absolute luminosity of an object at known distance must be explained. As it seems these roots were and are not so easy to be set right. Hubble for instance estimated Andromeda Glaxy in his first paper to be around 900'000 LJ from the Milkyway (the Sun - that is), only around 300% off the 'mark'.
How do you calculate the brightness of a star?these calculations are more than 50% guessing.. In 2000 years people will find out how off we were just like us with ancient greeks.. You still didnt explain how the distance is calculated
Maybe it's just me but holding up a finger and closing one eye them the other is how you measure stars they have to be guessing i just don't see how you can measure a star that is millions of miles away and if the universe is constantly expanding I just don't get it maybe someone can explain it to me
Comments like this crack me up. Its not "guessing". Its using basic trigonometry that you should've learned in high school, which has been known for centuries now. This Parallax method is basically the same one used by modern construction surveyors to measure distances to landmarks for building roads, etc. Are they "just guessing" too? Lol. And this method for measuring distances has been used by militaries for LITERALLY centuries. How do you think they did this before the invention of radar? Sure, the required precision is much tighter for calculating stellar distances than either of the above examples. But the principles are the same. If you don't understand something about it, then either ask or research it. But just throwing up your hands and saying "well, since I don't understand it they MUST be guessing & are full of bs" makes you look like a damned fool. Sorry, champ.
@@beta_cygni1950 comments like what I just ask a question I'm not an rocket scientist and being out of school for 39 years my trigonometry gets rusty that's y people like u should educate people like me not tell me what I should of had in highschool everyone is not a genius
@@frankbridges2171 First of all: Im not flaming you because you don't remember high school trig, or that you didn't understand this concept. I don't care if you're a "rocket scientist" or not. I AM saying that your assumption that "they must be guessing" is ridiculous & laughable. And yes, you did say that. Only a really arrogant SOB would assume that people who dedicate their entire professional life to a subject must be "just guessing" simply because YOU don't understand it. Second of all: Even though you don't remember high school trig, you SHOULD know how to use punctuation in your writing. Your reply sounds like a 2nd grader wrote it. Wow. Punctuation... Use it.
@@beta_cygni1950 really what are you are English teacher or something I just want to know how do they calculate that stuff why don't you show me how they do it cuz my whole thing is just put up the fingers thing I don't get that like if you look at the Andromeda Galaxy how do they measure it I know who you say just say that finger thing but if the stars and galaxies are constantly moving and what my punctuation have to do with anything I'm just trying to learn something don't blame me this is the way it's being typed out so you mean to tell me that you can look in the sky at another Galaxy and u can tell how far it's when it's constantly moving
Speed of light is 299 792 458 m/s. Please, do not round that up. It's too important constant for rounding. Parsec. That's more used, as far as I know. You've touched the paralax method, from which is the name parsec derived.
This presentation is based a zillion assumptions. #1 Earth is a planet orbiting the sun. #2 Light travels at a constant speed and has been throughout history. #3 The universe is "expanding". And given these zillion assumptions, if I bring this all down to scale... I'm standing in Burlington CO and see a wolf on Pike's Peak. I move three steps to the right and can now tell the distance to the pine tree on top of the hill in the foreground and how far wolf and tree are from me? Yeah, right. Modern astronomy is bunk.
White Wolf An education is a wonderful thing. Allow me to help educate you on the meaning of assumptions. "#1 Earth is a planet orbiting the sun." This is not an assumption It is a demonstrated measured fact proven with research over a period of about 2400 years . This is an assumption, (You have little meaningful education and are likely a new earth creationist.) #2 Light travels at a constant speed and has been throughout history." This is a fact. Light does in fact travel at constant rate in a vacuum such as space. This has been repeatedly shown that light always travels in this way under the condition I mentioned. It is what allows us to produce electronics. And is farther demonstrated by the first law of motion. Often stated thus "An object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an outside force." This is also know as the law of inertia. This is an assumption , (You are of average intelligence but didn't receive proper guidance in how to reason critically using logic.) "#3 The universe is "expanding"." This is a fact , however one that has only relatively recently been discovered. We have measured the rate of expansion and found it is increasing. This is an assumption ,( I would hazard you think I am an atheist and enjoy tormenting Christians. This is false as were your 3 assumptions that we haven't observed and measured these facts contained in your 3 statements. I am a man of faith who has studied Christianity Apologetic s as well as its parent langues. I'm also a man of science who understands that neither is mutually exclusive.
@@zed1stwizard how do we measure speed of light? I believe is how long it takes for light to cover a distance, correct? And how do we come up with that distance? This distance is calculated by how much light moved in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second. So we are using a distance that was based on light speed to know how fast light is. Am I missing something? I am actually asking.
@@buruunobanri7905 The distance light travels in a year is calculated by knowing its speed not the other way around. So yes you are missing quiet a bit here. We use lasers tracking light between two targets in a vacuum a meter apart to gain the value of lights speed. Interestingly you use 1/299,792,458 this tells you how long it takes light to travel a meter. That is 1/299,792,458 of a second. You could have looked this up. Or did you just think that the 1 denoted a year? Math can be confusing some times.
They calculate star distance using the star brightness and speed of light... wow, what a load of shit. They can't even tell how long this candle has been burning. To do that they would need to know how much oxygen was in the room.... how dense the wax is.... how thick the wick is.... and how long the candle was.... (it might have been 400ft long) they wouldn't have been able to get the correct answer. So, star brightness can not be used to measure distance.... not only is the stars qualities unknown, the space between star and earth is 100ish lightyears. 100 Lyr's is a long way, what happens to the light in between? Few gas clouds maybe? Or a gravity sway from that way, and another that way. What if the stars we see are not even in the direction we looking at? Its been 'so called' proven, light can travel in circles in some cases. I agree with White Wolf... its all based on, "What if's". "if this is that, then that means this". They change, correct, refine the estimated size of the sun every 30 years or so. The next update will throw all calculated star distances into the garbage. The parallax method, is a joke... ex... capturing a measurement of a star in the summer and another in the winter. To calculate its distance, they use trig and earth travel distance. But here's the problem, did you know, all the neighboring stars of the measured star are still next to the measured star? Distances aren't going to change that much, certainly not 600lyrs. Another problem, Degrees change according to the distance earth traveled, it will also change according to time of day the measurement was taken, first measurement and second. Thus making any calculation bullshit. AU stands for "THE Astronomical Unit".... it's around 150000000 kms long, is the unit used to scale our solar system... and is much much smaller than the lightyear. What if the AU is made up with, "What If's" to? Did you know they calculated the AU distance using a big flashlight.... they pointed the flashlight at VENUS, and waited for the light to bounce back. COME ON, That's BULLSHIT!!!! Your common sense, is your hammer to break through the propaganda. It has been drilled into our heads! Question everything!!!! All I know is the facts we are presented as truth is built on things that just don't make sense.
bullshit! They say earth moving and spinning so fast than a jet plane, and stars and planets have its own orbit and movement to the left right down up back forward, do you know how fast the stars and planets movement?? The answer is no, you dont even know the speed of object you are measuring!, so how can you fit your calkulation if you dont have perfect branchmark!? JUST 1 cm of misscalculation the result wouldbe super missleading people! Things on earth are very difrent with things in space! , things on space floathing and moving and super duper far without ground floor ! How can you get perfect clue to began your math calculation! ? The sun? How do you know the distance between sun and earth!? Oll of that is just math assumption!
![[Sub Thai] APT. - ROSÉ & Bruno Mars](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/bYjhzP8x_uc/mqdefault.jpg)
Please don't ever stop making videos... These are fucking amazing!!!
Love the parallax explanation!
Another great video!
Thank you! :-)
Subscribed :) you have some really great, clean and informative content here.
Thanks 😊👍🏻
As two stars of same size and at same distance from us can have different apparent brightness (because of how they are burning and their other physical properties) then how can we determine the distance of a star based on the relation of it's apparent brightness to the apparent brightness of another star with known distance.
we cant
Thanks for the video, I really like your content :)))
+Nelson V Thanks Nelson! 😊👍🏻
My question is if there is a dark matter which can bend the space time such as what the real matter do. so how we are pretty sure that this light, which may be bent before reach to us, is representing the real poistion of the star that we had calulculated its distance form us. In fact, I'm doubt that these calculations are right.
Ala' Zayed...Exactly, the truth is...THEY DO NOY KNOW.
They talk as if they know, but is all complete speculation
Beautifully explained
4:03
how is the absolute magnitude is linked to the period of pulsation, may i ask.
I’ve been puzzled about Red Shift theory for decades now. It seems to me there is a fundamental problem in astronomy in regards to quantum flux of photons from distant bodies (those greater than 128,000 light-years distant).
If brightness can be measured in terms of photon flux, and if stars the size of our sun experience a quartering of flux for each doubling of distance, then it seems 128,000 light years is a threshold for observation at the earth of any radiant body the size of our sun.
At 1 AU (150 Million km) we receive roughly 3.67E+21 photons per square meter per second. One light year is roughly 9.46E+12 km. Therefore, if doubling of distance occurs 10 times in each 1E+3 greater than 1AU, and photon flux is quartered 10 times for each 1E+3 greater distance than 1AU, it would seem 1 light-year reduces photo flux per square meter by 16 quarterings (1/4^16). This yields a photon flux of only 8.55 Billion (8.55E+11 photons per square meter per second) at one light-year distance.
Continuing this method, flux drops to 815,000 at 1000 light-years, and 800 photons for 32,000 light-years (about one third the diameter of the Milky Way galaxy).
Can anyone confirm? All of this analysis assumes 100% “empty space” from here to the radiant object. Of course, we know this is not true. Particulate matter in our own solar system is measurable, so Absolute vacuum should not be expected outside our solar system. How might this reduce quantum flux further?
I'm not sure what your problem is. It is even stated very clearly in this video that to determine the distance to stars much farther away, we look for supernova in distant galaxies. A supernova is sending out a tiny bit more light than our sun. We aren't seeing individual stars the size of our sun millions of light years away.
Willoughby Krenzteinburg - okay, but don’t you find it interesting how we can only see 50 photons from a star on the opposite side of our own galaxy (assuming a clear line-of-sight), and our own galaxy is presumed to be 100,000 light-years across? Seems like too much of a coincidence.
@@danweaver4304 What star in particular are you referring to?
Willoughby Krenzteinburg - none in particular, the coincidence is our galaxy was declared just big enough where we could detect photons from any star in our own galaxy, but not any one star in any other galaxy.
Here’s another puzzle for you: we know not all stars are fusing hydrogen; some are fusing helium, some carbon, etc.
Therefore, when we look at distant galaxies, do we see the spectral lines for all of these elements, all Red-Shifted?
@@danweaver4304 Perhaps you should take a class and not ask.your questions on TH-cam.
Just found your channel and subbed... Unfortunately it looks like you no longer are making videos? Would be a shame because they are really well made
Thanks for the sub and feedback! I'm sorry I've been very busy with other things, I've planed for the video to be released on 11th Dec 😊👍🏻
Awesome, I really look forward to it!
Keep the videos coming
Great Video, I rally liked the parallax anaolgy
Is star a milkeyway?
Thank for posting
This is littttt
Nice work
Besides the parallax method none of the following methods explain anything because the way the reference values are obtained ist NOT explained but instead asserted. Thus in order for this explanations to be scientific the roots - in this case the absolute luminosity of an object at known distance must be explained. As it seems these roots were and are not so easy to be set right. Hubble for instance estimated Andromeda Glaxy in his first paper to be around 900'000 LJ from the Milkyway (the Sun - that is), only around 300% off the 'mark'.
I love this Channel
Thank you 😊👍🏻
Astronomic No problem keep up the good work and pretty soon you will be at 1 million
It's still pretty much guess work !
Expect there is literally math involved… not guess work.
How do you calculate the brightness of a star?these calculations are more than 50% guessing.. In 2000 years people will find out how off we were just like us with ancient greeks.. You still didnt explain how the distance is calculated
Maybe it's just me but holding up a finger and closing one eye them the other is how you measure stars they have to be guessing i just don't see how you can measure a star that is millions of miles away and if the universe is constantly expanding I just don't get it maybe someone can explain it to me
Comments like this crack me up. Its not "guessing". Its using basic trigonometry that you should've learned in high school, which has been known for centuries now.
This Parallax method is basically the same one used by modern construction surveyors to measure distances to landmarks for building roads, etc. Are they "just guessing" too? Lol.
And this method for measuring distances has been used by militaries for LITERALLY centuries. How do you think they did this before the invention of radar?
Sure, the required precision is much tighter for calculating stellar distances than either of the above examples. But the principles are the same.
If you don't understand something about it, then either ask or research it. But just throwing up your hands and saying "well, since I don't understand it they MUST be guessing & are full of bs" makes you look like a damned fool. Sorry, champ.
@@beta_cygni1950 comments like what I just ask a question I'm not an rocket scientist and being out of school for 39 years my trigonometry gets rusty that's y people like u should educate people like me not tell me what I should of had in highschool everyone is not a genius
@@frankbridges2171 First of all: Im not flaming you because you don't remember high school trig, or that you didn't understand this concept. I don't care if you're a "rocket scientist" or not.
I AM saying that your assumption that "they must be guessing" is ridiculous & laughable. And yes, you did say that. Only a really arrogant SOB would assume that people who dedicate their entire professional life to a subject must be "just guessing" simply because YOU don't understand it.
Second of all: Even though you don't remember high school trig, you SHOULD know how to use punctuation in your writing. Your reply sounds like a 2nd grader wrote it. Wow.
Punctuation... Use it.
@@beta_cygni1950 really what are you are English teacher or something I just want to know how do they calculate that stuff why don't you show me how they do it cuz my whole thing is just put up the fingers thing I don't get that like if you look at the Andromeda Galaxy how do they measure it I know who you say just say that finger thing but if the stars and galaxies are constantly moving and what my punctuation have to do with anything I'm just trying to learn something don't blame me this is the way it's being typed out so you mean to tell me that you can look in the sky at another Galaxy and u can tell how far it's when it's constantly moving
Plzzzzz astronomic reply that why don't u post new videos ??
I'm sorry I've been extremely busy lately with other things. But a new video will a released on 11th Dec. 😊
Hey good british accent sir, you are amazing, please do not stop, i know you are going to get more subs! Stay motivated!
Thanks for the lovely comment! 😀👍🏻
@6:00
Those are the next two candidates for the "pick your own gender" movement.
nature universe ""intelligent design still give lessons about distances (after Size is distances)
Super!
U r great bro . U deserve 2 million subscribers at least .
Hopefully one day 🤔 thanks!!
That explains Nothing
How do you only have 6k
Please will u explain this in a easier way .... it is a bit lengthy for non science background students to understand 😕
Go eat ur cereal
Speed of light is 299 792 458 m/s. Please, do not round that up. It's too important constant for rounding.
Parsec. That's more used, as far as I know. You've touched the paralax method, from which is the name parsec derived.
I think it’s okay to round to 300 000 000 m/s the amount is still really big.
This presentation is based a zillion assumptions. #1 Earth is a planet orbiting the sun. #2 Light travels at a constant speed and has been throughout history. #3 The universe is "expanding". And given these zillion assumptions, if I bring this all down to scale... I'm standing in Burlington CO and see a wolf on Pike's Peak. I move three steps to the right and can now tell the distance to the pine tree on top of the hill in the foreground and how far wolf and tree are from me? Yeah, right. Modern astronomy is bunk.
These aren't assumptions at all lmao
White Wolf
An education is a wonderful thing. Allow me to help educate you on the meaning of assumptions.
"#1 Earth is a planet orbiting the sun." This is not an assumption It is a demonstrated measured fact proven with research over a period of about 2400 years . This is an assumption, (You have little meaningful education and are likely a new earth creationist.)
#2 Light travels at a constant speed and has been throughout history." This is a fact. Light does in fact travel at constant rate in a vacuum such as space. This has been repeatedly shown that light always travels in this way under the condition I mentioned. It is what allows us to produce electronics. And is farther demonstrated by the first law of motion. Often stated thus "An object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an outside force." This is also know as the law of inertia. This is an assumption , (You are of average intelligence but didn't receive proper guidance in how to reason critically using logic.)
"#3 The universe is "expanding"." This is a fact , however one that has only relatively recently been discovered. We have measured the rate of expansion and found it is increasing. This is an assumption ,( I would hazard you think I am an atheist and enjoy tormenting Christians. This is false as were your 3 assumptions that we haven't observed and measured these facts contained in your 3 statements. I am a man of faith who has studied Christianity Apologetic s as well as its parent langues. I'm also a man of science who understands that neither is mutually exclusive.
@@zed1stwizard how do we measure speed of light? I believe is how long it takes for light to cover a distance, correct? And how do we come up with that distance? This distance is calculated by how much light moved in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second. So we are using a distance that was based on light speed to know how fast light is. Am I missing something? I am actually asking.
@@buruunobanri7905
The distance light travels in a year is calculated by knowing its speed not the other way around. So yes you are missing quiet a bit here. We use lasers tracking light between two targets in a vacuum a meter apart to gain the value of lights speed. Interestingly you use 1/299,792,458 this tells you how long it takes light to travel a meter. That is 1/299,792,458 of a second. You could have looked this up. Or did you just think that the 1 denoted a year? Math can be confusing some times.
They calculate star distance using the star brightness and speed of light... wow, what a load of shit. They can't even tell how long this candle has been burning. To do that they would need to know how much oxygen was in the room.... how dense the wax is.... how thick the wick is.... and how long the candle was.... (it might have been 400ft long) they wouldn't have been able to get the correct answer. So, star brightness can not be used to measure distance.... not only is the stars qualities unknown, the space between star and earth is 100ish lightyears. 100 Lyr's is a long way, what happens to the light in between? Few gas clouds maybe? Or a gravity sway from that way, and another that way. What if the stars we see are not even in the direction we looking at? Its been 'so called' proven, light can travel in circles in some cases. I agree with White Wolf... its all based on, "What if's". "if this is that, then that means this". They change, correct, refine the estimated size of the sun every 30 years or so. The next update will throw all calculated star distances into the garbage.
The parallax method, is a joke... ex... capturing a measurement of a star in the summer and another in the winter. To calculate its distance, they use trig and earth travel distance. But here's the problem, did you know, all the neighboring stars of the measured star are still next to the measured star? Distances aren't going to change that much, certainly not 600lyrs. Another problem, Degrees change according to the distance earth traveled, it will also change according to time of day the measurement was taken, first measurement and second. Thus making any calculation bullshit.
AU stands for "THE Astronomical Unit".... it's around 150000000 kms long, is the unit used to scale our solar system... and is much much smaller than the lightyear. What if the AU is made up with, "What If's" to? Did you know they calculated the AU distance using a big flashlight.... they pointed the flashlight at VENUS, and waited for the light to bounce back.
COME ON, That's BULLSHIT!!!!
Your common sense, is your hammer to break through the propaganda. It has been drilled into our heads! Question everything!!!!
All I know is the facts we are presented as truth is built on things that just don't make sense.
bullshit! They say earth moving and spinning so fast than a jet plane, and stars and planets have its own orbit and movement to the left right down up back forward, do you know how fast the stars and planets movement?? The answer is no, you dont even know the speed of object you are measuring!, so how can you fit your calkulation if you dont have perfect branchmark!? JUST 1 cm of misscalculation the result wouldbe super missleading people! Things on earth are very difrent with things in space! , things on space floathing and moving and super duper far without ground floor ! How can you get perfect clue to began your math calculation! ? The sun? How do you know the distance between sun and earth!? Oll of that is just math assumption!
#SOcool
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