Battle of Castillon, 1453 ⚔️ The end of the Hundred Years' War
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 21 มิ.ย. 2023
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🚩 Hundred Years War PLAYLIST • Hundred Years' War Pla...
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📢 Narrated by David McCallion
📝 Written by Jonathan Woody
🎼 Music:
EpidemicSound.com
Filmstro
Assets credits:
Storyblocks
Crude Animation / @crudeanimation
📚 Sources:
Castillon: Last Battle of the Hundred Years’ War - Warfare History Network - William E. Welsh (2008)
The Agincourt War: A Military History of the Hundred Years War from 1369 to 1453 - Alfred H. Burne (2014)
The Hundred Years War - The English in France 1337 - 1453 - D.Seward (2013)
John Talbot & the War in France, 1427-1453 - A. J. Pollard (2006)
Conquest: The English Kingdom of France, (1417-1450) - Juliet Barker
#documentary #history #medieval
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🚩 Hundred Years War PLAYLIST th-cam.com/play/PLWwyDn76LiH2HH6N3ajCl4Q1vRljNKn1k.html
Love your content! You're among the Best!❤❤❤❤❤
Oh you guys are such a tease :D Feels waiting for days here... :P
I love your channel. I would like to see a video or series about Joan d'Arc.
Nadir shah next please
For a veteran fighter with decades of experience behind him, I am baffled that John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury would choose to attack an entrenched position bristling with artillery.
Charles VII was famous for creating a standing professional army. Talbot had no idea who he was up against.
I thought the same! Talbots experience from the past and the quick victory over French archers in the initial skirmish probably lead him to believe that he could rout the numberically superior main French army with an all-out assault. If it had worked, Talbot would have easily crushed the other French armies one by one. Unfortunately for him, the French were familiar with his tactics and used time wisely to dig in and prepare.
Talbot did not have many other options. If he would have retreat and wait reinforcements, he would have lost the element of suprise. The French would constantly follow him and attack him with their superior forces.
Talbot was known for being aggressive by nature and it had one him victories in the past.
He was probably hoping the shock of the attack could overwhelm the French as it had in the past.
But of course this was a much better French Army and it had prepared a near impregnable position.
@@Hauggyful *Charles VII, not Jean VII.
Desperation. Then he found himself outmatched, by which time it was loo late to disengage.
Bureau must have been more then happy that somebody really came to test his castle.
Bureau's real name is Rogal Dorn, primarch of the Imperial Fists, master of fortresses
@@sergigarnacho3890 Not true.
@@YashkasBaZedChannel u must be fun at parties
@@bunkerkorpf1440 Unironically.
@@sergigarnacho3890 Henry VI should have sent Perturabo, Primarch of the Iron Warriors, Hammer of Olympia and master of sieges.
Never, ever let a master of defense have time to set up a defense.
Exactly
mmm :p
Ha ha say that to ukrainian and otan army Who let 6 month to russia to prépare thé counter offensive they promise
Or, as I'm an American, to let the Imperial Japanese Army, also masters of setting up excellent defensive positions, to have time to set up excellent defensive positions.
@@artiom7568 Now that Ukrainian forces are breaking through and the Russian defenses are crumbling, how are you feeling, Artyom? 😂
It seems like Talbot got the concept of "defeat in detail" a little bit backwards.
🤣🤣
He did "attack in detail" instead.
Quite right. Up to the attack on the priory, he looked like a right Napoleon - targeting an enemy detached force, fast march, immediate attack, then...but then some bad intel.
just bad intel
@@salonez91 he already saw that the french looked confidently down at him with their guns not moving a single bit. If that doesn't tell you anything at all then idk what will.
Fun fact n°1 : the town's name nowadays is "Castillon la Bataille" (Castillon the Battle).
Fun fact n°2 : if you look up the battle's whereabouts on google maps, you can still spot Jean Bureau's earthworks beneath the vineyards.
Grapes grow where men fought, bled and died.
Bien vu ! ;)
those are red or white grapes?
That's amazing.
And turned into wine, I imagine.
@@TRaceR743 blue ;)
They say the wine there is one of the best red wine ever made by humans 🤨
I live near Castillon. Each summer, we redo "La bataille de Castillon" with a lot of people, armors, weapons, costumes, it's epic!
COOOOL
Historical battle reenactments are awesome, and I really want to see one someday. You are incredibly lucky
That sounds fantastic! Who re-enacts John Talbot?
People talk about Agincourt as a significant battle due to the English longbow, but the bow was essentially thousands of years old and in its final century. While Castillon was a smaller battle, both the political outcome and its impact on modern warfare were much greater. The Age of Artillery had really begun. Almost 500 years later, WW1 looked more like Castillon than Agincourt.
No way its blasphemy
The main reason Castillon is not well known by the general public, is because :
1 - it's a british defeat, so the anglo-saxon world don't talk about it.
2 - nearly at the same time, Constantinople fell in the hands of the Ottomans.
What Agincourt did to warfare was change all or most infantry to ranged troops...
Why the y dont make a kompositbow like one guy say its easy
Why would Castillon be a "smaller" battle ? Because Anglo-Saxons lost ?
Glad to see such battle depicted as usually people remember Agincourt, Crécy or Orléans but not the battle that ended the 100 Year War
Crécy* (and Orléans)
@@amaurya7689 Thx. Updated my bad typo ;)
Patay was good too
@@Ushabtiipatay was incredible
The French began the 100 years war technically with a "war of delay" against the English. At the end of this long conflict, the French had technically a "war in advance". The English clung to their old tactic of longbow archers which had given them such resounding success, without realizing that the french artillery had become the queen of the battlefields. Great variety of guns with efficient mobility, improved quality of barrels and gunpowder, widespread use of steel cannonsballs, improved aiming systems ... All of that, the English had partially or totally neglected. An army is never so weak as when it thinks itself superior by nature. On the other hand an army is never so strong that, after severe setbacks, it completely challenges itself and reforms technically and tactically.
i agree with you
If there the queens of the battlefields who were the kings ?
@@jaimep3432 the people manning the cannons
That self satisfied feeling of superiority (on the French side) is ironnically what allowed the English to make so many of their victories throughout 100s year war. By the end, the positions were reversed
@@alexlyster3459 Completely agree with you concerning the insane feeling of the French chivalry during battles of Crecy, Azincourt, Poitiers, Verneuil. But whoever wins the decisives battles last wins the conflict. However it's clear that it was the French, after a complete overhaul of their army by Charles VII, who swept away the English army without any possibility to regain the advantage. Once peace was signed with the Burgundians, their fate in France was definitively settled. The English army, just as imbued with its superiority as the French cavalry had been at the beginning of the 100 years war, which had not modernized, was methodically crushed: Patay, complete annihilation of almost the entire corps of archers; Formigny, total annihilation of the English Kyriell army and definitive recovery of Normandy; Castillon, end of the last hope for the English to keep a foothold in France, except Calais.
Baffling decision to attack a position like this in any fashion, but in a strategic position like this and numerically inferior, that's insane
Surprise was probably his only chance. He had to defeat Bureau quickly, because the main French army was still in the west. I think he was just desperate, he needed a spectacular victory to turn it over and have a chance in the overall war.
ah, Idk that he knew that he was numerically inferior. he was betting on it being a skeliton crew from the clouds of dust that indicated large amounts of troops leaving.
@@xenotypos True, but he could have tried with the other army or built his own fortifications. He would have taken heavy losses here even if he won, which he really couldn't afford.
@@user-mw2vn7pv8n An aggressive attack on a superior enemy can work if you catch them by surprise or before they are set up.
Building his own fortifications is a losing move, with the French dominance in artillery, unless there is another army coming soon to rescue him.
I thought he had received false information they were withdrawing, and by the time he realized his mistake it was too late to deviate from plan.
Each year there is a reenactement of this battle near Castillon-la-bataille (new name for Castillon!) with dozens of actors. That's quite an event in Aquitain, my birthplace. Currently I live in Libourne and I was very please to see your video!
Sorry for bad english and keep going with your channel, big fan for years 👍
My family is descended from John Talbot (my father’s name was Jon Talbot). Maybe I’ll do a non-staged attack on the town of Castillon to reclaim my family’s honor.
Though my father wouldn’t likely have approved. He spoke fluent French, loved France and preferred the French pronunciation of Talbot (I do too for that matter). Tal-baux [tail•bow] sounds much better than [tail•bit].
Thank you for the information that there is an annual re-enactment. Hope to be their next year!
It's traditional in English reenactments for one guy to refuse to die for comedic effect. Same in France?
i feel like you are slightly understating the scale of the reenactment here, if i remember correctly it's more like hundreds of actors, with cavalry and special effects for artillery, it's quite the show. I was born and raised in castillon, but moved away in my teenage years, so it has been quite a long time i saw it sadly.
@@The_ZeroLine There is still an Avenue on the name of Talbot in Castillon-la-Bataille (Castillon-the-Battle). This fool died miserably. In the rest of the 100 years it's the french knight spirit vanity that costed so much to the kingdom.
A big thank to HistoryMarche for this video. I remember writing a bitter post one year ago about the continuous storytelling of English victories battles (Azincour ad nauseam..) hiding the fact they loose the 100 years war. I was doubting to see any French victory video and ... it happen! I also learn a lot with this video as in fact I didn't know really about the battle.
I got Siege of Orleans and Patay coming soon as well
@@HistoryMarche Seriously! Oh man I'm excited!
This is a criminally untaught portion of the 100 years war. Thank you for shedding some light on it.
For all the talk of Crecy, Poitiers, and Agincourt... the Battle of Castillon reminds me why I love being descended from the French. English Bastards. =]
Those noble French, who steal land when England's king is busy on crusade :-)
@@thesnoopmeistersnoops5167Yeah and Bouvines ? And La Roche aux Moines ? And Taillebourg ? The English king you're speaking of which was French, spoke French and lived in France btw.
Thank you for dedicating a video to this decisive battle which marked the end of the Hundred Years' War but also the end of the Middle Ages.
*Or at least the beginning of the end of the Middle Ages.
Fall of Constantinople marked the end imo
@@illyrium522 Depends on definition or even on region !
@@killerkraut9179Its literally the same year as this battle.
@@something4179 Some argue that the medieval age ended 1492 with Columbus.
I think some say 1517 with the 95 theses!
Or some arge 1454 with Gutenberg!
As a schoolboy of English and Scottish descent, I was raised on a steady diet of Crecy, Poitiers and Agincourt, Crecy, Poitiers and Agincourt, over and over and over, supposedly proving the superiority of English arms over French arms. Now, as an old man, I take special delight in reading about the many times the English got their a$$e$ handed to them by the French. Vive la France!
What kind of Anglo-Scot uses ass with dollar signs? XD An ass is a mule and the term is arse from old English ærs/ears. ;)
Exactly! It seems like people only know about Crécy and Azincourt when talking about this war. The problem is: if the English truly won every battle, how did they lose in the end ?
And in the beginning the "English" were more French than they would like to admit because YES the Normans were 99% French 1% Danish. Their culture, Their laws ,Their way of fighting, Their language and Their land! Another nut we need to crack.
I love your comment! In France, people usually know very little about this war and the only battles we remember are our greatest defeats (Crécy, Poitiers, Azincourt), except Joan of Arc's deeds, to the point probably many French people don't realize who actually won this long conflict era. Probably, we are not as nationalist as we are depicted abroad !
My men, long live the auld alliance
I like how the narrator perfectly pronounce French words.
The french is very good. All the mispronounced names and words i noticed were english.
Not perfect, but not bad for a non-French native speaker
@@spamhonx56 Which English names were mispronounced?
As a French I was also surprized, these aren't easy words to say as they are not written as they are spoken lol
I wouldn't say they were perfectly pronounced, but as a French, I really appreciate the effort put into it. And to be honest, I'm quite amazed how close this is to the actual pronounciation. It's not that far off even though most of these are quite hard to say for a non-native (lots of typical French sounds, like "on", "an/en", "u", "r', ...). Most importantly, any French can easily understand every French word. As a matter of fact, I kinda prefer the way it was pronounced, with a slightly perceivable English accent: I'd find it really weird if if I were to hear perfect French among perfect English. It fits in better, if I may say. So all in all, Great job from the narrator indeed.
When a military leader is up against a superior force, they have no choice but to try something audacious, unexpected, and a little crazy. Such moves are necessarily risky. When they work, the leader is called a military genius; when they fail, the leader is a fool. This is why I think claims of “military genius” that rest on such outcomes are overstated.
Perfectly said.
there is a fine line between taking a risk or doing something audacious and just being plain stupid. He saw the French weren't retreating, his Captain of the vanguard did suggest to wait for the rest of the army, he had enough time to wait for the rest of his army, he did none of that, at least if he was a new commander and inexperienced but people called him a veteran...
There's truth to this. Napoleon abandoning high ground and then deliberately weakening one of his flanks at Austerlitz would have been considered a foolish move if the Allies hadn't taken the bait, and/or if Davout had been delayed.
@@ikitclaw4852 Oh I agree; Talbot’s decision to attack was manifestly stupid, especially after clearly seeing that the French were not retreating. I’m just saying I think there have been other fairly similar situations in which a commander does the “stupid” thing against all advice, wins anyway (largely out of a combination of luck and sheer determination on the part of his men), and then gets called brilliant because of it.
@@DaHuuudge I agree
So Talbot needed to defeat 3 armies and flamed out miserably against the smallest one…
Reminds me of a certain Corsican
@@fullgooseloot
Huh? I don't get the reference which Napoleonic battle is this?
@@miracleyang3048 Probably Waterloo although I think there is scant comparison to be made
@@50shekels
Napoleon didn't lost to the smallest army and it wasn't miserable he lost outnumbered outflanked and against a well trenched enemy
@@miracleyang3048so almost exaclty like here then
Just thinking that Bureau's fortification near Castillon lookls like Vauban's one 3 centuries later. Such a genius
Great video ! Didn’t know much about this battle, this battle is not what I think of when I hear the year 1453
You think the Fall of Constantinople when you hear ''1453'', don't you?
@@Triantafyllos_Strantzalis😢yes😢
@@Triantafyllos_Strantzalisyou mean the year the Roman Empire came to its official end?
@@crzahmed9707 Yes
@zippyparakeet1074
🥳1453🇹🇷
blown away by the quality of the presentation and the myriad of details 😯
This is the best history channel on You Tube. Your voice is great to listen to and you never bore me.
there is a battle most important in the turn of the hundred years wars. the battle of patay. breaking the entire english corps. who had been sent to pillar the french campaign to paid the debt of englands.
Attacking an entrenched position with inferior numbers………..”that’s a bold strategy Cotton let’s see if it pays off.”
Great video as always!
battle of castillon is one of the decisive battles in 100 years war. brilliant doc. love your docs. also we always appreciate your hard work and dedication towards these vids. a huge fan of you from Sri Lanka.
Really enjoyed this episode and many more. Keep up the great content guys 😊
Great channel and narrator! Love you guys ❤
What an insanely bad decision on Talbot's part.
I get he had to take some risks to win the day and even following up on the gascon scout's info to attack was a good move however when you see the french had not left he should have withdrawn.
Terrible decision, but he probably wanted to avoid being attacked by other French armies. During Castillon battle, English slightly outnumbered French (12000 against 9700), but it was the smallest French army !
Goes into great depth, love this mini-documentary/explanation of the battle
A very clear explanation of a complex event - thank you.
Really enjoyed, thanks
wow your content getting better and better
Excellent quality once again!
I am always interested in these topics. But your voice is especially suited to narrating these conflicts. TY
I’m a bit of a history buff. I’m amazed at the accuracy of these videos.
Bordeaux is actually on river Garonne shores. When Garonne meets Dordogne river, downstream of Bordeaux, they become Gironde estuary
Excellent video. Thank you!
Nice work, as always!
Love the content as ever. And I'm not complaining about the amount of content but the two parters we had to wait a week for were worth it. I miss them.
Great video once again, and absolutely historical!
The english pronouciation of french names is priceless... ❤
THx for the video, very instructive !!
This must have been the best day of Bureau's life. A perfectionist, given a perfect position, and ample time to prepare, had an opponent that was willing to attack him in the most opportune manner imaginable. His screams of joy must have been audible over even the heaviest of fighting. I have seen ego and arrogance have devastating effect on so very many military leaders throughout history. I have no idea how a man could be so cavalier and reckless when other men's lives are in their hands, even under the most opportune of situations.
you guys are the best man , i'd rather watch your video than watch a movie
Love your work, man
Amo este canal, excelente trabajo! Saludos desde Argentina
The Hundred Years war version of Pickett's Charge.
“Such was the end of this famous and renowned English leader who for so long had been one of the most formidable thorns in the side of the French, who regarded him with terror and dismay” - Matthew d’Escourcy, French chronicler,
Upon the death of John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, at Castillon
Great work !
very nice - i like learning about history like that
Thank you for this video, but what about the casualties of the battle ?
Thanks for the video
Thank you!
Along the British history there are many moments of unwise decisions out of pride and stiff upper lipped individuals who thought they knew the best . Even current history is not different they take decisions and others suffer .....very rarely you find the person with a clear down to earth thinking and able to ingeniously improvise....
I love historymarche videos and channels so much. I am happy that there’s a new video. Also historymarche may you please do a collaboration with kings and generals or baz battles as you all 3 are amazing History content creators and all have talent.
attacking the larger army would be the move here.
Amazing story, thank you history marche
Very well done !
please make a video about the siege of Tenochtitlan
Bravo
Very instructive!
Excellent, as always. here's to the algorithm!
As someone who has French ancestry,I am proud of this.
It talks highly about Jean Bureau's skills that Charles' son, Louis XI, retained his services despite him sacking most of the men that served his father as there was a bitter hostility between father and son during the last part of Charles' reign.
Omg he did it.
I never imagined you would actually did it.
I like McCallion's narration. That's why I prefer History Marche than other history channels.
Another great video (the only thing preventing it from perfection is the use of miles and yards lmao)
Jean Bureau: "It's over, Talbot. I have the high ground."
John Talbot: "You underestimate my power."
Jean Bureau: "Don't try it."
🤗
Love the channel ❤❤
nice work
Hello, Amazing video! As an big early aritllery fan the victory and the smart tactics of the french where amazing to watch! Great job on it!
Also i dont think that the video mentioned it but the French suffered around 100 casualities while the English lost over 4k men and an unknown amount of wounded. this means that even with ignoring the wounded English the statistics are over 1:40 for the French. The level of devastation is unmesurable.
thats artillery, very good defences and a commander in a hurry.
I read from French sources : around 100 men wounded or killed on French side, 7000 men killed, wounded or captured on English side in Castillon.
It's even worse than Agincourt regarding ratio : more than 8000 men lost on France side, around 600 on English side in Agincourt
I’m so glad I checked to see when the next video will be! I hope you do more on the 100 years war.
More 100 year war coming, Orleans very soon.
Love your content ❤❤❤
Thanks. Very interesting.
Reminds me of the battle of Fort Carillon
I used to live a few Kms from Castillon. The celebrations every were brilliant.
Thanks! wonderful
Great video keep it up you're doing amazing things 😁👍.
Nice video, well done
Wonderful video!
Was not Talbot captured at Patay?
Yes but I guess they paid to free him
Why would a well entrenched army, with major defences and two other armies nearby, suddenly decide to retreat? Talbot was an experienced...in many losses. One can see why he was captured....and why the French kept letting him be ransomed.
LOL that sounds like a fair and amusing point!
"Yes, let's not keep that one too long, he's more useful to us commanding an enemy army!" :D
Easy money
Just wiped out their archers
Talbot didn't know any of this. As mentioned in the video, he thought that at least part of the French army was retreating. He probably misrepresented the situation with the little information he had. In war, there are always more unknowns than certainties, and that's what we call the fog of war.
Danke!
Thank you so much for the support! Very kind of you
There is a mistake on the script at 4:24 and on the map through out the video: Gironde is not a river, the river mistakenly called Gironde on the map is the Garonne. Gironde is the name of it's estuary, formed together with the Dordogne
I love this channel. I hope to see a video or series about Joan d'Arc.
Coming soon.
@@HistoryMarche Battle of Patay?
@@HistoryMarcheAnything about the Mughal Conquest of India? Anything about Babur Shah ?
It is easy to nit pick after the fact but in this case it really is baffling why he would think attacking such a well entrenched force with only 1/3 of his forces was necessary. Even after noticing the enemy wasn't retreating but in fact well aware and ready. After his suborinate asked him to wait he still attacked. Not sure what he was expecting, a miracle? i will never know why such decisions are so common in history some due to stupidity others pride but this seems like shear desperation.
It's amazing how often military history teaches simple lessons like "beware assaulting a fortified position."
It seems to me that one of the main assets of J.Bureau was to have Talbot in front of him. I don't know his biography very well. However why did Henry VI choose him for that attempt of reconquest when he was the main responsible for the disaster of Patay then besieged and again a prisoner after recovery of Rouen ? Apparently a worn warrior having lost clear-sightedness.
Great video
12:15 Well built, and designed fortifications built on superior ground is definitely my kink.
Who thumbs videos like this down? Wtf is wrong with people?
English guys ? :D
@@bibitralala4960 100%. They want the 100 years war documentaries to end after the 1000nd time they showed and talked about Agincourt.
@@Leon-bc8hm So tue XD
Game over
Belle explication ! Merci.
Thanks. Is really very good video
I’m a descendant of John Talbot (Earl of Shrewsbury) and amusingly my father’s name was Jon (not due to the historical John). My father’s intolerable + very odd cousin has an insanely detailed family tree stretching back to the Battle of Hastings (1066 as 97% of HM subscribers would already know off hand). She makes all these ridiculous personality connections of modern relatives to those who lived dozens of generations ago. Amusingly, when I learned of the fact, I instantly dubbed myself The Earl of Jewsbury because my mom is Jewish and some of my dad’s family basically stopped speaking to him after he married her. So, I wanted to twisted the knife in their shame.
Ironically, as an OCD perfectionist that frequently finds the preparation of medieval commanders as uninspired, lazy and failing to make use of many easily gained advantages, I see much more of myself in Jean Bureau. He ran things the way I would want to. Though I would have ensured my archers weren’t taken by complete surprise. Meanwhile, my surname’s namesake seems to have undertaken a foolhardy attack on a basically invulnerable defensive position and wasting countless men on a hopeless assault that would likely have been unsuccessful even with his entire army and another few thousand on top of that.
Oh, another ironic twist, my father was a huge Francophile who spoke fluent French and spent a lot of time there. I asked him if that’s why he never joined the army because of the example France set for him. 😉
@@The_ZeroLine Yeah that'll mend a bridge or two for sure.
@@The_ZeroLine is that a good or a bad thing ?
What's your proof for that?
It is easy to criticize past commanders' mistakes when you have the benefit of hindsight and complete view of the battlefield
Can you imagine the countless dead, brought on by stupid decisions in war.
That artillery park is a sight I wish to see. It would be majestic.
Awesome!!!
This AI is so unrealistic. Nobody would ever mount such a stupid attack...
Sadge for Thomas Everingham and his men. Despite saying multiple times that this attack makes no sense, he followed the orders and even managed to capture a certain part of the fortification for some time, until he was outnumbered and killed, so much potential wasted.