10 Strange Mysteries of the Life of the Universe
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 30 ก.ค. 2024
- An exploration of10 of the Stranger Mysteries regarding the Life of the Universe.
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man I had such a crappy day, glad to find a new vid about cosmic things. thanks for the good vibes, John
I infinity this comment. Y'know, it's like _seconding_ something but just way, *WAY* better lol (人 •͈ᴗ•͈)
Yeah me too, today sucked lol. Been running ragged all day long.
Spent all day at the hospital . Settling down to this is the best medicine
There's a song that helps me, it's title is "IT'S A LOVELY DAY". when I have a crappy day, I try to listen to that song
This goes for me too. Haven't been feeling so hot for a few days. But this video and soft music just soothes all the bad stuff away.
Iron stars. That's so metal.
You’re amazing! I love listening to your videos while I fall asleep! Your videos are packed with information, speculation, and a calming narration.
And still boring enough to put you to sleep apparently. That's some good negging!
@@timd3469 *you* said "boring" ...op didn't 😉
Thanks John!!!!!!!!!!! You are one of my top public intellectuals and one of my fav TH-cam channels!!! :-)
Yes!! Thank you John, I've been hoping for another mysteries of the universe type video. Hands down, one of the best channels on TH-cam. You absolutely rock!
JMG could be telling us that we are all doomed, say maybe he tells us an asteroid was about to wipe us out… if it’s delivered in his voice im sure i will be totally cool with it
One thing that's frequently forgotten is that time dilation is tied to mass-energy density so the further back you look, the longer seconds last relative to our seconds now. That first second (or planck time) is an infinite number of current seconds. In that sense, you can say the universe is eternal and has always existed.
ELI5?
@@waaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa beep boop beeeeeeeeeeeep
@@waaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa The deeper inside a gravity well you are the slower time moves (for you), since the very start of the big bang contains all the mass in the universe it's the deepest gravity well that ever existed, hence time there is the slowest ever.
How it managed to escape it's own gravity well is another question.
@@volentimeh “The deeper inside a gravity well you are the slower time moves (for you)” - this is, in a sense, a statement stitched from two correct halves, but they don't quite match. 🙂 The deeper _you_ are in a gravity well, the slower your clocks are for an observer _farther outside_ of the gravity well. Time moves _for you_ at the speed of time, one second per second, regardless of where you are: the gist of switching from Galilean to Einsteinian relativity is that there is no absolute time. It's all about rods and clocks, and _your own_ 1 meter rod is 1 meter long, and 1 second is 1 second long on _your own_ clock; it couldn't have been otherwise, if you think about it. It's the very foundation of relativity. SR disposes of absolute time.
As we deal with gravity, we should ask GR. GR says that spacetime is _locally_ flat everywhere, for every observer, inertial/freefalling or not; spacetime curvature is _locally_ unobservable. This is a direct consequence of the equivalence principle: you cannot make any measurement that will tell whether you are sitting in a rocket at a launchpad on the Earth surface, or the rocket is accelerating at 1g in empty space. If you could measure spacetime curvature, you would find curved spacetime on Earth and flat spacetime in the accelerating rocket, and that's impossible by this, another foundational postulate. And curvature is a tensor, an observer-invariant object. Of course, in extremely curved spacetimes, the “local” flat patch becomes very small, as does the “observer:” a human-sized one may not only detect tidal forces, but also be torn apart by them, so the _local_ part must be always understood in the infinitesimal limit, and the ideal “observer” is point-sized. In the end, you're making one of the two possible erroneous assumption, as is the OP: either that time ticks slower in a gravity well w.r.t. _absolute time_ (no such thing exists in relativity, even in the _special_ case of flat Minkowskian spacetime: this is a foundational postulate of SR), or that such a slow-down can be _locally measured_ (it cannot: now the _General_ relativity foundational postulate prohibits that).
“How it managed to escape it's own gravity well is another question” - and and excellent one indeed! Recall that the Schwarzschild solution to the EFE equation is _static and non-homogeneous:_ it describes an empty spacetime, except for a single point mass _eternally_ sitting at a point in space. Both assumptions don't apply to the rapidly expanding space filled with matter-energy! The correct solution to use is the FLRW one, and its metric contains the “scale parameter” _a(t),_ which grows with time _t._ The FLRW solution describes the whole Universe, and is based on the assumption of constant _space_ (not spacetime!) curvature. There are also assumptions of homogeneity and isotropy, but these are not essential to the answer to your question; we know from observations that they hold true to a very high degree, so we are allowed to use FLRW model and the metric. Next, since we measure that the Universe is spatially flat, this must also have been true since the very early time, right after inflation (inflation is not even an essential assumption here: you may instead think _since enough time past the singularity such that we can use GR,_ because the BB singularity, as any other one, cannot be physical; it's just a sign that GR breaks down from over-extrapolating too far into the past, when quantum effects were too significant to neglect). Quite counterintuitively, _space_ was as flat when the observable Universe was as big as an apple as it is today! The _spacetime_ curvature (related by the EFE to the matter-energy density, which was extremely high) is absorbed into the expansion term in the metric, the increasing a(t) function. Physically, it's more correct to think the other way around: expansion of space “uncurls” it, exactly countering the tendency of matter-energy to curve space. Think of a circle drawn on a balloon: blowing up the balloon makes the circle bigger, thus less curved.
And now the question for you that I have no answer to. When the Universe was hotter than the Higgs symmetry breaking energy and thus separation of electroweak force, no particle had mass. It is said that this _happened_ about 10^‒12 seconds _after_ the Big Bang. It's only a picosecond, but still a lot compared to the Planck time unit. But massless particles don't experience time! No clocks were possible in the Universe before that event. So, what does “time since BB” even mean _before_ that moment, and what does “before” mean here? No two events could have had temporal separation. But we still ascribe timeline to Big Bang events, say "before" and "after," and “happened” and “became” even _before_ the time when time _became_ observable. How is this permissible?
@@volentimehThis is just a theory.
No matter how much we figure out, there will always be the question of "what happened before that?"
At least we have your videos ☺️
If you suggest we should stop asking you do not know humans were well,
probably that's the reason we are here in the first place, our urge to know what, how and why
But what happened before we had these videos?
@Remy Michelin I think you’ll have to ask John’s parents or delivery room doctor for information on that epoch.
@@doncarlodivargas5497 I'm not suggesting we stop.
I feel that the most simple answer to me is it all just scales indefinitely, both ways, time being relative to the scale.
Our entire universe could exist within a little pile of shmoo about to be wiped up in a kitchen somewhere, except the kitchen is unfathomably gigantic to us, while simultaneously I am about to wipe a little shmoo off my kitchen bench that contains an unfathomably tiny universe within it.
It takes me no more than a second of my size to wipe it, just as it will take the giant kitchen man no longer than a second of his time, both wiping an entire universe out with little to no effort. Only his second is my 100 billion years, my second is 100 billion years in the universe that I’m about to wipe on my bench.
I liked that theory more till I started learning on the topic recently, I’m still learning, but I get the feeling we understand enough to know it couldn’t possibly scale in that way, but I can’t be sure.
Would love to have my theory ripped to shreds if it’s ridiculous, or the opposite if it isn’t, I just don’t know enough yet.
I love the thought experiment of “we are the universe observing itself.” Or “becoming aware of itself”.
Yessss! Always a good night when John posts. Thank you!!!
Or a good morning, for people living in Europe. I live in Greece and I usually find John's new video around six o' clock when I wake up. It is always as if someone left me a surprise gift.
Oh, this Saturday night just got so much better!!! Thank you for your scientific insight, JMG!!!
i just got so excited that your video was recommended to me!
I don't think I'll ever wrap my head around the existence of the universe. That it could erupt out of "nothing", or that there has always been "something" that it could emerge from. It's just beyond reason... or my ability to reason.
Someone else said this here on youtube and I feel it fits perfectly here: "Life is the Universe's attempt at understanding itself."
By far my favorite astronomy/cosmology/cosmic theory channel
Another awesome video, John! Thanks!!! 😊
Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊
What a fantastic video! We live in a wonderful age of discovery but I feel a sense of melancholy when I contemplate all the things that we'll never know (at least in my lifetime).
Why? Watching a movie is much more exciting the first time you see it.
Mystery is fun.
Man I have a dread that I know I’ll never know everything about the universe and how humans end/colonies the stars, what came before the big bang, what’s gonna happen when the universe ends and everything in between I wish I knew it all and knowing I’ll probably not know any of it gives me a great sadness deep down
I don't think anyone ever will completely KNOW that.
Great video John.
Thanks for the insight.
if humanity doesn't kill itself, I would love to see what we become in a million years.
I imagine it would be something way beyond our imagination
In that amount of time we'll likely have become MANY things.
It's pretty much the same but cowboy hats are very fashionable.
Another beautiful video from Mr john
good to hear you on Sunday down here, thanks dude
John is an absolute legend. Keep going! I wish you all the best in life, and i am happy that you share yoir knowlagde! These subjects has always been my favourite things in life
Thank you for making these!
Bonus video for this week! Awesome! Thank you for this!
Thanks for all your hard work, I really always enjoy your videos. 😁👍🤜
Peanut Butter and Jelly Sandwiches on a Saturday night while wearing An Earnest P. Worrell t-shirt is priceless.
3:40am Sunday with a pizza.
😲 Where did you get an Ernest t-shirt??? Does it say "Know what I mean?" Or "Hey Vern!" Or his trademark "Ewwewewew"?? I'm getting one! I didn't know they existed. See, I come here and learn ALL the coolest stuff about the Universe!
Rip mr Jim Varney 🫡
Was the t-shirt ALL you were wearing??? 😜
And Elton John singing "Roy Rogers."
Keep on doing what you're doing brotha, love every single video 💜
Man, what a nice treat after a weekend of hunting with no luck. I needed a pick-me-up after missing that deer earlier. And it's my favorite format. A list of crazy deep space unknowns.
If it makes you feel any better I bagged a magnificent white tail on opening day.
The last time I was this early, the universe was still opaque.
I love that the biggest, most complex, most expensive machine ever built is a particle accelerator. A machine that is the logical conclusion of a 6 year old boy's idea of figuring things out. Smash it and see what's inside!
Best comment of the day! You win TH-cam.
Love the content you put out thank you
"We are afterall the universe observing itself"
So hauntingly beautiful and deep.
happy saturday john :)
Just in time to go to bed, love you videos!
Best video in a while for me. Open and specific
Like science is
The last one was quite depressing, evident in John's lack of "currently eyeing the univerae..." phrase at the end. Wish you could've ended it in "Boltzman brain"
Regarding proton decay - I'd thought that even if the other proposed mechanisms for it don't happen, eventually quantum tunnelling will cause a proton to become a tiny black hole, which then immediately evaporates through the Hawking process leaving behind a positron, and so matter will be gone in about 10^200 years if it hasn't decayed by other means before that. If that's the case, iron stars aren't on.
Adrift on a dead planet watching the last red dwarf stars blink out. Sounds sad. Thanks for the video, John!
you are great in what you do
The consistency, quality, and quantity of content you provide always amazes me. Keep up the great work!
9:13 Why do we have "Genesis planet" and not also "Pink Floyd planet", "King Crimson planet" or "Jethro Tull planet"? (Sorry, I could not resist!). Thank you, John, for another excellent video which I hope that reaches millions of people, kalimera from Athens, Greece.
You have to be a member of the court of the crimson king to know the answers to these questions. Sorry my friend.
Rush planet would be the tits
With a coffee in hand and your video spells Sunday morning bliss 😊🌹🌻
You, Anton and Isaac Arthur are fantastic science comunicators. Good for relaxing, learning and pondering about existence
I wouldn't consider Anton a great communicator, you can barely understand what he's saying. His pace is all over the place, combined with his accent and it's the only reason I don't watch his stuff as much as I would like to.
doing awesome with the frequent uploads
Ive tried to listen to this video 4 nights now and every time i fall asleep before it’s over
Love the videos John. Great work. Contemplate the following idea I have for any future writing for free. Every 230 million years , once we complete our circle of the milky way, this puts us into an area of something unknown that starts evolution in real time. Entire species forming , being born on the spot. Imagine the mayhem .
Ah, more thinky things for my brain pan! Thank You J.M.G.!!!
Hey John, big fan of your work, I think you should watch the documentary "A tear in the sky" 👍🏼
This has one of your best deliveries of "...in which we liiiiiive."
I wanted to watch this vid the other night, but I was way too high and I forgot about it. TH-cam suggested it again this morning and I'm glad fate has brought it around again lol
It's a good day when you refresh TH-cam and see a new JMG at 0 minutes ago :)
Vacuum collapse could explain the rapid expansion. The previous universe had a faster speed of light till the vacuum collapse which would look like everything is slowing down or like it was expanding.
I predict we will find things that are older than the universe.
I already found an object older than the universe...
I married it. 😂
Dude, I’m watching a new Saturday night live for your channel. I just came out the same time, I chose your channel.😊
Bryan, you just gave me a stoke.
People still watch SNL?
Good video
OUTSTANDING !! MANY THANKS ! MR. JOHN MICHAEL GODIER. FROM, U. K. (2023).
You make my life complete
Everyone knows what's at the End of the Universe - a restaurant
Grandson informed me this is ready for me. Sooo happy to here. I told him this is my favorite...now it's his , he is 7. He is already smarter than I. Thank you John
you have the best voice in youtube
One last thing that might happen at the very end of the universe, which I've heard about recently, is that once all matter has become part of black holes which then evaporated, all that will exist is photons. And photons, of course, travel at the speed of light and thus experience no time. So, if all the matter in the universe experiences no time, it will be as though it is all infinitely close together at least temporally speaking. And that may then be the condition for a big bang to happen.
Imagine someone a trillion years from now mining super heavy exotic metals from black dwarfs. Wouldn't that be a hoot.
Imagine how heavy will metal music be in those days.
The Dark Forest explanation of the Fermi Paradox is depressing, but intriguing
JMG - What do you think about Lee Smolins fecund universe theory? Would love to see that covered in one of your videos
⭐⭐🚀🚀Awesome, as usual - thanks. As a side note, when you got to blue dwarfs and iron stars, my mind started to wander a little - I found myself wondering if that era would be enough time for the Minnesota Vikings to finally win a Super Bow🏈🏈. I hope so. Wonder what Super Bowl tickets will cost in the era of iron stars.
Big lunch break W right now tenants John
You silver tongue devil you.
We appreciate you John . I look forward to these uploads more than you know
it looks to me, that we are in the event horizon of that event
This amazing Universe in which we liiiiiiiiveee. Genius!
perfect timing. Thank you john
I'll never agree that The Big Bang purely on its own makes sense, it just necessarily ignores that whole prima causa problem.
It's also the problem of Einstein's "god doesn't play dice" denial of quantum physics that made no sense to me: it was always so clear to me that random crap happens, at least in this Universe, as evidenced by the obvious fact that the Universe exists in the first place, without any apparent reason.
Equating the time of a universe with life does butter my parsnips
Hey John, thanks man, getting some shits in my life now and I can't sleep dew to that but thanks to your videos now I can.
I'm here sorry I was late😎
I'd like to see a good video that explains Hawking radiation.
JMG...if we were to be invaded by aliens. How and why do u see it going down?
What can you do to a species that can already travel through interstellar space? Lol
When I think of Penrose's cyclic big bang it makes sense in certain ways to me. I don't remember the exact points but I do remember him saying the end and the beginning seem to be almost identical.
It seems like that would be the only conclusion in a universe with infinite time as eventually a new big bang will occur just like in an infinite universe if you go far enough you'll find a copy of yourself. It has to happen.
But then the problem of the starting point or the original universe is also a good issue. To which I thought, perhaps time exists/existed outside of the original universe but not the causational time we know inside the universe. Things happening at random with no real reason or order. Maybe space is the emergent thing that came from time instead of the other way around and only with the emergence of the spacial dimensions could causation happen. And so the cycle started
My personal crackpot theory about Dark Matter: it’s what’s left of previous universes.
10,000 years is not long enough to be looking for alien life. Unless by that time we’re able to build a James Web 1000x it’s current size.
As always.. enjoyed
Thank you
I sometimes wonder the experience of a newly birthed cell in a freshly deceased corpse
Well that's bleak af
I think that we're probably alone in the milky way. Which is pretty much identical to being alone in the universe from a practical perspective, given the crazy intergalactic distances.
It’s a JMG kinda night, boys and girls 🎉 🥳 🪐☄️
Ty for all the great vids
JMG, I hope you are doing well.
I just watched Avatar 2 and I was thinking to myself, you know what would be cool?!?.... if you, JMG, had another channel where you reviewed and talked about your thoughts with new and old sci-fi movies. 😲😲🤯🤯
@JohnMichaelGodier: you had a video a while back about possibly finding a technosignature in the form of an ETs radar. I was going to link to a paper published in nature I just found that was published today that did just that... but I can't because of TH-cam policy. You might want to follow-up on this though, would tie in to your previous video. Paper conclusion was: "Our work also returned eight promising extraterrestrial intelligence signals of interest not previously identified."
What is the paper called?
There's gotta be a way to backup the internet and keep it outside of proton decay! Seems like a worthy project. We can use the space between atoms as the storage medium.
An unimaginable length of time later a humble being opens a strange time capsule, looking inside with wide glittering eyes it exclaims "Oh my god!, it's full of porn!"
Strong start 💪 by JMG
what will ths 'cinders' be made of?
I just heard about the whole Iron Stars and the universe lasting 10 to the 1500 years. I was wondering when you'd mention it. Also, If that's the case, immortality would a fate worse than literally anything.
John. Please do a show on earths low and dropping magnetic field. Show the mice experiment living in low magnetism. Wild. What can we expect from this?
I like your emphasis on "forever!" Snuck up on me. Also, "infinite" is a long time. Sounds like anything might happen...
Something that surprises me in discussions of the likelihood that we will never know everything it that I rarely hear anyone mention Godel's Incompleteness Theorem.
We are absolutely destined to spend the duration of our evolving biological trajectory, from ape to cromagnon to homo sapien to whatever is next and beyond, desperately trying to make sense of this cosmic madness.
0:45 time zero, the birth of the universe
3:02 inflation
5:21 matter and the first stars
7:25 the first epoch of habitability
8:49 the second epoch of habitability
10:01 the coming age of the Earth
11:25 distance future stars that no one has seen
13:33 the big freeze
15:07 proton decay
16:11 iron stars and evaporation black holes
Okay
Yesssss!
Not enough existential dread.
I think the answer to the Fermi Paradox could well be Earth like planets where complex intelligent life can arise are extremely rare. Like once in a galaxy rare when you factor in everything needed for Earth to be the way it is and stable over billions of years. Then the septillion to one odds that life would appear spontaneously, then quadrillion to one odds that intelligent life would evolve from that life. Carl Sagan's criteria in his book cosmos, used in his calculation for how common is life, that you just need a planet in a habitable zone, then something like 1 in 10 thousand odds, was very optimistic. It's a good thing the universe and/or universes might be infinite.
The impossibility of understanding our relationship to the universe is an eminently logical rationale of our existence