Muskets to Machine Guns: Evolution of Weapons (1837-1901) | Animated History
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 24 มิ.ย. 2022
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Sources:
Satia, Priya. "Empire of Guns: The Violent Making of the Industrial Revolution". Stanford University Press, 2019.
Miller, H. T. “Small Arms Procurement in the Civil War.” The Military Engineer 25, no. 139 (1933).
Bilby, Joseph G. “Civil War Revolvers.” On Point 22, no. 1 (2016).
Gordon, Robert B. “Material Evidence of the Manufacturing Methods Used in ‘Armory Practice.’” IA. The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology 14, no. 1 (1988).
Wilkinson-Latham, Robert. Uniforms and Weapons of the Crimean War (Careers Series). Batsford, 1980.
The 1847 Colt Walker - www.nramuseum.org/media/940447...
Knox, MacGregor and Murray, Williamson, The Dynamics of Military Revolution, (New York, Cambridge University Press, 2001)
Mauskopf, Seymour H. “Gunpowder and the Chemical Revolution.” Osiris 4 (1988): 93-118. www.jstor.org/stable/301745.
Chowdhury, Moumita. “THE EMPIRE AND GUNPOWDER WEAPONS: DEVELOPMENT OF MILITARY INDUSTRIALIZATION IN COLONIAL INDIA, 1757-1856.” Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 78 (2017): 480-87. www.jstor.org/stable/26906118.
McNeill, William H. “The Industrialization of War.” Review of International Studies 8, no. 3 (1982): 203-13. www.jstor.org/stable/20096953.
Fadala, Sam. The Complete Blackpowder Handbook. Dbi Books, 2001.
O'Connel, Robert L. Of Arms and Men: A History of War, Weapons, and Aggression. Oxford University Press, 1991.
Flatnes, Oyvind. From Musket to Metallic Cartridge. Crowood Press, 2014.
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Mistakes:
- We refer to the revolver that "won the west" as the Colt Walker, but this gun should be the Colt Single Action Army.
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Can you do a video on the Mexican American war
Like video
Can you guys make an episode on the 30 year civil war of Sri Lanka? SL is the only country in the entire world to completely eliminate a terrorist organization. Something not even US or Israel could do.
Bro make vedio in Bangladesh liberation war .
Imagine seeing Napoleonic grenadiers going full head against a well entrenched maxim gun
hi
HERE BEFORE THIS BLEW UP
absolute massacre
E
You won't see them anymore
The idea of The Armchair Historian virtual firearm museum is pretty interesting. I want to visit it to see the full history of it, from the birth of black powder to the least design of today's small arms
Have you gone to the Forgotten Weapons TH-cam Channel? You want a virtual firearm museum, that's your best bet. History of the firearm, firearm take down so you can see how the mechanisms work, and occasionally live fire footage of the firearm previously shown. It's amazing, and if you haven't seen it, give it a watch!
Actually if you want to see how firearms moved from black powder to modern smokeless powder weapons I'd recommend watching the videos of C&Rsenal .They're a WWI documentary channel for the weapons of the Great War but they also included the history of the weapons they created those used in the war . Then you can move on to Forgotten Weapons . If your interested in black powder firearms I'd recommend the duelist1954 as his channel will give you a broad over view of the history of the weapons prior to the turn of the 20th century .PS as a former 18B for 20+ yrs who's job was small arms these are some of my personal favorites as they tend toward accurate historical presentations .
Well that's what the internet is for lmao
As the previous comments also said there are a lot of YT channels dedicated to firearms.
C&R'senal + Forgotten weapons are prime sources - but if you want to see something entertaining as well as educational, you MUST also check Rob from "British Muzzleloaders" as well as Balazs Nemeth's "Cap+Ball" from Hungary and the two fellows from the "Paper Cartridges" channel. Also highly recommendet: "Bloke On The Range" and "In RangeTV"
@@JosipRadnik1 yup, for black powder, Cap and Ball is the go to video. He did the intro for the guns of the Franco Prussian war for the Realtime history channel
As a history teacher, I can always allow on the Armchair Historian to sharpen my game. Thanks for all you do!
Based off your China videos, I'd love to have you as my history teacher!
Dad?
"Sharpe"n your game ;)
as long as it stays apolitical than im ok with it
“Allow on”? Good thing you’re not an English teacher lol
I know that I might be in a minority of super-nerds regarding this stuff, but I would be interested to see the "chain" of discoveries that led to the developments in metalurgy and chemistry necessary for these military technologies. For instance, I know that germany's dye and color industry was instrumental in their domination of chemical research in the 19th and 20th century and dye research pretty much directly led to developments in chemical warfare and explosives. Often in history talks or docs, developments in metalurgy seem to come out of the blue and revolutionize some aspect of industrialization, weaponry, transport, energy, etc and it would be nice to know the context behind some of these developments.
Yeah, sadly, most people just care about „haha, warfare goes boom“
I've been waiting for this comment for years. It's worth a deep dive...
100% you articulated exactly what i wanted but didn't realise
and medicines. some of the early proto-antibiotics were dyes.
You'd be surprised to hear that most advances in research derive from luck. A lot of discoveries have been made not because someone was looking for them but because they made an observation in an experiment completely irrelevant to the discovery.
Love the Breaking bad reference at 3:20
Exactly ...
“This is not meth”
-Walter
I loved the Mr. Bean scene in 9:45 , so accurate
Yep
YEA I WAS ABOUT TO SAY THAT
Aa
the pop culture references are both surprising and well done. Last episode had a thumbnail based on the Far Cry 3 video game
THANK YOU! I was looking for this comment lol
19th century was a revolutionary age of firearm evolution.
Many new firing mechanism were tested by many nations.
And the best came from America and Prussia
Can’t help but appreciate the Breaking Bad reference squeezed in when speaking about the fulminate. Love the content!
Did you see the “Demolition Man” reference? Actually there were a few squeezed in here that I noticed.
@@richardmoon3745 I saw a few more references but that one I may have missed. Still, it’s like a little treasure hunt watching each of these videos, it adds to the entertainment!
Mr. Bean reference too
“You’ve got one thing wrong, this… is not black powder”
We don’t talk about the Victorian era much. It’s great to have games now focusing on it.
30 year civil war of Sri Lanka, underrated and underappreciated AF. SL is the only country in the entire world to completely eliminate a terrorist organization. Something not even US or Israel could do.
LTTE had access to navy, air, and ground forces yet they were completely wiped out.
@The Philosoraptor Victoria 3!
YOU don't talk about the Victorian era. YOU died before it started.
Hell yeah!
In reference to handguns, the Walker was most definitely not known as "The Gun That Won The West", that distinction goes to the 1873 Colt Single Action Army, also called the Colt Peacemaker. In general reference, the 1873 Winchester lever action repeating rifle is "The Gun That Won The West." In reality, single and double barreled shotguns probably did most of the daily work and truly, "Won The West", due to their cost, utility and ubiquity. Hell, they only made 1000 or a bit more 1847 Walker revolvers in total.
The Henry 1860 was also pretty important.
@@MrMalicious5 It was, as a precursor to the more modern leverguns that followed.
WeLL AckTually
@@a.N..... Facts is facts...
It's also the favourite gun of a man who calls himself after a certain south American feline.
1944 - 2022: Basically the same firearm designs but with better ergonomics.
1837-1901: From a little more than a couple inaccurate shots per minute to hundreds of rounds per minute and tens of thousands per hour.
so basically, 1944-2022 is the virgin "same firearm designs with better ergonomics" while 1837-1901 is the chad "from a couple of innacurate shots per minute to hundreds of rounds per minute and ten thousands per hour."
Bullshit. What about automatic sniper rifles? Or something like Barret gun?
@@alexzero3736 Gewehr 43/SVT-40 already filled that role and the PTRS-41/PzB 39/Lahti L39 did the same thing as the Barrett M82. Like I said, modern guns simply have better ergonomics.
On the flip side the 20th century saw us start with clumsy bi-planes and finish with 4th generation stealth jets
@@venturatheace1 *5th generation stealth jets
As always, a masterpiece by Armchair Historian team. We would love to see it's part 2 from 1901-45 and part 3 from 1945-present day.
TH-cam might get mad
@@bigredwolf6 who cares about these greedy capitalists
this 100%
One of my favorite weapons from that era is the M1 Carbine, I'm planning to buy one sometime in the future when I get my gun license although NJ bans it
I love the new animating, but there seem to be more mistakes now; like at 2:54, calling 1800-1899 the "18th Century"... come on... and the guy's wearing far later clothing than 1800.
I always found guns not talked about enough. it was always the person, never the Springfield or the Berdan. Nice someone’s covering guns
2nd amendment boys !
We must fight for it and if necessary die for it ! Long live our mighty republic the United States!
Guns are not talked about enough? Ever heard of Forgotten Weapons?
@The Philosoraptor I forgot all about them. 🤦♂️
@Just anything happens how about no and take that crap elsewhere.
I love talking about guns and history. I imagine the world would be very different if certain folks were armed to the teeth. Like Africa what if they had what America had far as cannon fire and unlimited rifles. Where is the country without slave trade?
What about the Mexicans they didn’t have the proper equipment. I’m sure that’s one the reasons they took the money on all those offers from America. It was by gun point gangster styles take the money or else we’re gonna have war and take the land anyway. If certain people were armed correctly America doesn’t have Texas California the whole southern boarder.
9:55 Loved that Mr Bean reference Armchair Historian.
thats what I thought
Hiram S. Maxim was born in the USA, he emigrated to Europe where there was a bigger market and less competition from other inventers. His brother Hudson Maxim, and his son Hiram P. Maxim stayed on this side of the pond. Hiram P. invented the silencer which is ironic because his father went deaf testing his machine gun.
Its not ironic, Hiram P invented the silencer specifically because his father was going deaf from gunfire.
It was said, once a friend said to the ambitious Hiram in 1883, "Hang your electricity. If you want to make your fortune, invent something to help these fool Europeans kill each other more quickly!" And then the rest was.. . history
Between the XVI and XVIII centuries, each Spanish Tercio/Regiment had a dedicated gunsmith workshop. This was the cause for a Spanish idiom: "las reclamaciones, al maestro armero" ("all complains must go to the gunsmith master"), as there were many complaints from officers to the soldiers when their muskets (specially the early models) malfunctioned.
Also, Spain kept the same basic musket/rifle design for about a century, though with refit updates. This was the model 1752, which had a Miquelet lock (unique kind of flintlock). After the Napoleonic wars, they made a rifle version (model 1828 rifle) and later a percussion cap version (model 1836 rifle). I think there was even a breechloading version, but wasn't produced due to budged constrains, and afterwards Spain adopted the Mausers.
Didn't the Spanish use Remington Rolling Blocks before using the Mauser? Just wondering.
@@classifiedad1 I'm not sure, I'll have to look it up.
The Mausers made a significant impact on U.S. troops during the Spanish-American War, where the Spanish Mausers were able to fire much faster than American Krag-Jorgensen rifles, which were loaded tubulally rather than by clip. It was so impactful that the U.S. Army manufactured its own copy of the Mauser, the M1903 Springfield, to which Mauser sued for plagiarism and managed to win.
@@angusyang5917 What impacted the most was the range and lack of smoke (the Mauser used cordite), in fact a Spanish sharpshooter could wipe an American squad before they were able to find him.
Too bad they didnt mention about another advancement in ammunition; Grain. Instead of using powdered propellant those catridge was fueled with a huge chunk of propellant with many small holes within or having a small bead-liked shaped propelant placed inside catridge, esentially creating a closed environment for ammunition to be fired regardless the element outside of the chamber.
Also near the beginning of WW 1, the invention of stripper clip and steel magazine phased out old traditional rifle and pistols bringing a dawn of new lighter and simple descendant,Individual firepower that brought them to another conflict within 30 years.
I hope there's part 2 that mark the end of single action cumbersome riffle and heavy lumbering machine gun into smaller mobile carry LMG and SMG up to the end of 20th centuries.
Very much so...
The next phase of firearms maturity.
black powders came in various grain sizes since the 18th century. Smokeless has came in flake, ball, and cylinder since it was invented
Small note on the Needle gun. Ive shot them a few times now and the gas seal on the Dreyse, especially the newer ones with improved seal, were sufficient enough. The biggest problems were the larger caliber of the Dreyse which caused the shorter range and the extra step needed for reloading. The Dreyse has some advantages though, especially the cartridge is much easier and faster to make and even if the seal isnt perfect after fouling, any escaping gases would be directed forward due to the maching of the cylinder head and breech so its much safer than a broken Chassepot seal. Also the needle isnt that much of an issue if properly taken care of, itll last many hundred shots and can be replaced easily.
small note back in the day, they were bad
@@greenwave819
Yup. So bad that an entire army used them to beat the French
This video, apart from being informative, had the best easter eggs yet. I did not expect one from Demolition Man.
I loved Mr Bean copying Dreyse's plans.
Dreyse is even dressed in the same coloured clothes as the bloke from the original scene.
And the Breaking Bad fulminate one in the beginning
@@marcwhitlock5002 agreed om that👍
@@residentelect yeah, I also laughed on that reference.
15:28 LOOK AT DA DUDES FACE
I didn’t see anyone’s face that looked funny only a little bit before did you mean this time? 15:26
That little Breaking Bad reference was what made me go from liking the video to loving it
the meme references in each of your videos keep things lighthearted, bravo!
The seminal .44 Russian cartridge for the Model 3 revolver is a somewhat surprising omission. Surprised to see the Walker labeled as "the gun that won the West" also. Overall a great video though, and the museum sequences were a great visual.
Not to mention volley guns and puckle guns of the late 1700s and early 1800s.
@@Master_Yoda1990 The Mitrailleuse is mentioned at 14:00 as a contrast to the major technological development that the Gatling gun represented. The Puckle gun on the other hand is a fascinating piece of engineering but was conceptually too ahead of its time and didn't make any major impact on technological development; Puckle may have been a great firearms designer if he had been born a hundred years later, but in the flintlock era the practical implementation of his ideas were too unwieldy. It's also outside the development timeframe of the video.
@@Master_Yoda1990 "puckle guns" of the "early 1800s"... ah, you mean the gun they made dozen of in the 1710s?
The most alarming bits for me is things like 2:54, which I've seen with other videos - while animations are better, they're more inaccurate. This guy is dressed about 80 years beyond his time.... he's shown to be an old man, dressed circa 1850s, when the Armchair Historian is talking about the "dawn of the 18th Century", when he'd have been in his 20s, and of course clothing didn't look remotely like that... heck, he lived to about 40. This portrayal of Howard is as accurate as a picture of George Washington meant to represent Elon Musk.
Flintlocks and Muskets to Self-Loading Rifles and Automatic Weapons.
9:55 that Mr. Bean Reference tho.
14:40 love that demolition man reference
I loved the cameo by Simon Phoenix.
I was literally lying in bed last night wondering how this evolution occurred, as popular history seems to skip straight from the Napoleonic Wars to WW1. Thank you for making this, as interesting and useful as always! :)
Now you say this IM QUESTIONING MY WHOLE HISTORY CLASS
@@ErenYj999 Crimean war is mad 😊underrated
the fact that pop history ignores the 19th century is fucking wild, the century was earthshattering in many ways in its developments, even from a nation POV. The unification of Germany and Italy, the rise of Japan, the fall of Qing China and the Ottomans under foreign and internal fuckery, and the scramble of Africa are all major events in world history. Not to mention its scientific advancements such as evolution and germ theory.
It really is such an interesting time period that nobody cares about.
No wonder The armchair firearms museum is mostly empty, you got a 99% change of getting shot by guns that can load and fire themself without anyone touching them
That being said. 10/10 would revisit the museum again
This is an absolute masterpiece of a video, the history, the animations, the diagrams of the guns, every bit is perfect. Bravo to you and your team good sir!
Dr. Gatling expressed the hope that the Gatling gun would reduce the size of armies. It certainly succeeded in that aspect...
2:52 Certain fulminates were known a long time before him, even in the middle ages. The problem with them was that they were too impractical, too unstable, and too expensive.
Also, repeaters existed a long time before the 19th century, some even as early as the 16th century. However, they were too expensive to make, and before industrialization they had to be made individually, parts were not interchangeable, so they couldn't be repaired in the field, and required expert craftsmen for maintenance. Therefore it was never widespread as a soldier's standard equipment, and remained a hunting weapon for rich noblemen. (look up the Kalthoff repeater, for example)
I’m happy you’re covering this topic, as I’ve been thinking about this myself. Thanks.
Same bro I was just thinking about this and looks for videos
This is an era of weapons development I've always been into but never got around to learning about. A lot of the guides and timelines I read growing up made the transition from musket to rifle seem like an afterthought, maybe with some throwaway lines about minie balls or breech loaders.
Thank you THANK YOU for the deep interesting look into this interesting period of history!
Nice "Demolition Man" reference. Great video!
Murder death kill!
and breaking bad in the beginning
Love the 19th century Heisenberg 3:00
"You got one thing wrong , this is not black powder"
Dude, how do you make an extremely good animation in 2 weeks? It's amazing.
Watch the credits, there is quite a large team making these videos, probably comparable to a TV show.
And so it begins. The musket to modern firearms. It is interesting to see how technology improve with each century and war made new firearms. From lead balls, lead minie bullets, nose bullets, big pointy bullets, and small nose bullets. I wonder now, what would be the next firearm of the future. Only one can wonder.
Puro traductor danielito
@@jakobinobles3263 Currently the most powerful one is throwing refined radioactive rock to the other side of the world aka ICBM.
The next firearms of the future would include guns firing caseless ammunition, coilguns, or infantry scale laser weapons.
@@strategistj.baguilat9996 lasers are cutting tools, not projectiles. I would bet on miniaturized railguns
@@jakobinobles3263 Poking holes in each other
14:32 - I see Mr. Phoenix is still a believer in tradition.
Really an amazing and so well done video, Armchair Historian! I have always wanted to learn more about the development of the firearm and switch in fire mechanisms.
This surely was just what I needed. I am very grateful and your visuals are so well done.
Love your content,
A history enthuastiast
Honestly, watching this is fascinating to see all the details laid out, so I'm going to do the right thing and thank you very much for this!!!
Interesting how the Maxim Gun, a museum piece mentioned in history videos, is now being used by two major modern militaries in a conventional war in Europe.
As well as trenches
And why not? They work just fine and being water cooled they can shoot sustained fire for long periods
@kirkstinson7316 in the fine words of Indiana Jones: "it belongs in a museum" also those guns must be 100 years old at this point and I highly doubt they've had good upkeep so they would likely break pretty quickly
Can’t wait to see your next part!
So much fun to watch and very educational content. I love this channel from the beginning. And I hope to enjoy more videos to come thank you soooo much!!!!!
This is like a compilation of everything I've learned from forgotten weapons in order. This is great
14:35 Let's go Wesley Snipes! It's Demolition time!. So cool of you to include that! Had me laughing and stopping to comment.
"Doctrine marches one step behind technology" that's really interesting.
Fantastic video, covered more than I thought it would; looking forward to that game.
looking forward to the "Modern wing" episode that will probably be out next week. Keep up the good work! 🙂
This the video much awaited and needed. Evolution of small firearms and guns is the thing worth knowing than evolution of uniforms.
ive been watching this guy for about 2 years and i can safely conclude hes abolustely amazing i love your work armchair historian u are super good
love the quality and presentation of this video
Nice inclusion of Simon Phoenix (from Demolition Man) as a character!
Soooo, when will there be a video about the evolution of British tanks? As although foreign upgrades aren't counted in this series, mentioning foreign modifications of British tanks like the Sho't ,Kalied, and Al hussaini tanks could be an interesting twist to this series and can shine a light on more obscure foreign modifications around the world.
He already made one
This was very cool! I hope you end up doing a follow up video on the history of guns from 1901 to the present.
The Simon Phoenix was a nice touch! Bravo! That earned a subscriber! I'm a big fan of the content. :)
Man we need more history youtubers like you!
Other then Griffin only Epic History TV can rival the Armchair Historian. I love both of them
@@neretum14 and invicta
I think these 3 are the best here
Yes, like Armchair Historian is the best for WW2 stuff, Epic History for Napoleon and Invicta for more Ancient stuff and interesting questions
@@neretum14 exactly not only for ww2 but for more modern history in general
Literally feels like a movie! Great work.
Well done mate, smashed it with this video
This is definitely my favourite video of which you have made.
I’m interested in a lot of things from 1870s-1890s, including military gear, and one of my favorite subjects is that sort of intermediate periods of firearm development were black powder paper cartridges were still being used but in breach loading weapons before the invention of metal bullet casings.
8:48 gawd dammm his face is shining
I love how easy you explain sucha difficult and complex topic
I love this kind of video topic, more please!
I'd love to see a sequel of this up to the modern day
Another incredible episode.
Thanks Griffin, As a gun geek I'm pretty satisfied with this lecture about the history of firearms
Studying history puts the present in context, thank you for the exceptional content!
Great video, please make another one for the 20th century
"Artillery has simplified the art of government', Lewis Mumford
"Whatever happens, we have got
The Maxim Gun
And they have not"
Hillare Belloc
This is the content I love.
Fun fact: some of the more neglected units in WWI were still using muzzle loaded muskets during 1914 and 1915
Imagine, soldiers using muskets against troops with bolt action rifles, well entrenched, with machine guns and using gas
This is what I love about this channel, a ton of references from movies, games, etc while still keeping the historical content in there. I hope you grow bigger soon
Will you be making more evolution videos I would really like to see more of these evolution videos. Not just on weapons but also on tanks, and planes. These videos are so good to watch
Same
Agreed. I would like to see a video on French tanks.
@@wifi_soldier5076 i think the evolution of tanks in general would be amazing
@Just anything happens go away
Yes, and on army uniforms as well….
This actually made me smile
Nice video, history videos are an important tool for education, keeps audiences interested and engaged. Thank you.
This was great do a sequel please
I really enjoyed this. Extremely well made!
Great video Griff! I loved seeing the Demolition Man Cameo. Made me crack up!
I did a school project on the spencer repeating rifle and I was so happy that you mentioned it in your video!
I would love to see a follow up video covering everything from semi-auto pistols to the new mcx spear
Brilliant channel, good and ironically funny cartoons (mercury fulminate Breaking Bad reference). Excellent!
Who else is going on a “armchair” binge? I can’t get enough of these videos
"Now you got one part of that wrong, this is not gunpowder"
I thought the French came up with smokeless powder and that was why they rushed the 1886 Lebel into production in order to capitalize on the invention. Am I missing something?
I thought the same thing, the French war minister did rush the lebel to get the advantage as soon as they could
4:50 "The Gun that Won the West" was the marketing slogan for the Winchester model 1873.
I love your channel keep up the great stuff
Excellent presentation, especially with your identification of the work by crucial inventors. I've been interested in the work of government arsenals and the way that apprentices moved into civil industries to become leaders of tech during the 1800's and following. Perhaps a follow up on arsenals could be done along the same lines as this excellent effort.
The 1860 Henry rifle was also a contender that was used during the Civil War with a 16 round capacity
It had a very well built lever action system
People said you could load it on Sunday and shoot it all week
now this might already be in the works given the sharp cutoff at 1901, but i personally would love to see one detailing 20th century advances as well
Would love to see more of this. Before and after
I love these firearm history evolution vids
18:50 little correction. France did not used maxim system. Just like Japan the opted to use gas opearted Hotchkiss system.
Of course they’d use the French Hotchkiss system over the maxim.
My favorite guns of the 19nth Century are: the Winchester Gun, the perfect rifle for calvary. And The German Mauser Bolt action gun, which was the perfect rifle for infantry until the adoption of semi-automatic rifles.
I _loved_ the animation of the maxim gun. So satisfying!
5:30 this is the famous painting "Thin Red Line", this is also available on the F&M merch store
Anybody else catch the reference to Demolition Man?
Brilliant video, I've been searching for this exact topic for a while now. Would love to see another about the big guns ;) Artillery made some very interesting strides during this period too!
Agreed! I haven't searched for it myself but I can only imagine the difference it made to naval combat going from muzzle loaded cannons to breach loaded.
3:19 This was the exact moment Edward Charles Howard became Heisenberg
I would love a vid on the Portuguese Colonial War. It is such a unique and vastly underappreciated conflict, and I bet it would make for a fantastic video.
My grandfather fpught in the Portuguese colonial war, he fought in Angola and served between 1969 and 1971. He is a great grandfather and a good person despite remembering the war.