Fantastic! The first thing that strikes me is how 'civilized' these people were - the fusion of science, culture, trade, relative non-violence, spiritual development is compelling. Thank you Mark!
What is fascinating is that Indians mastered and used digital number systems from the earliest times - binary, hexadecimal (base 4), decimal, and maybe octal (base 8). The system for small weights was binary - the significance of this is that this requires the least number of weights to measure out any weight in one go. Larger weights were in decimal (base 10) - this allows multiple use of the same weights, and counting the measures on fingers to again reduce the number of weights required. The hexadecimal and octal base number systems are an easier way to count and write down binary quantities.
The Babylonians were the originators of the sexagecimal system that we still use. They also used zero. The story of zero is more complicated than what has been portrayed. And the Babylonians were working on the idea of limits, the forerunner of the calculus. And their trigonometry was superior to that of Greece! Math whizzes of ancient Babylon figured out forerunner of calculus th-cam.com/video/Rx-5dCXx1SI/w-d-xo.html SISTEMA SEXAGESIMAL PARA LA MEDICIÓN DE ÁNGULOS oscarfruto.wixsite.com/angulos/sistema-sexagecimal The Nothing that Is: A Natural History of Zero 1st Edition by Robert Kaplan (Author), Ellen Kaplan (Illustrator) www.amazon.com/Nothing-that-Natural-History-Zero/dp/0195142373 Convert angles from the sexagecimal system to centesimal one math.stackexchange.com/questions/604926/convert-angles-from-the-sexagecimal-system-to-centesimal-one
@@AdarshKumarphilosopher from them we have 60seconds=1 minute, 180 grade, 12 hours (6×2) etc. I heard they used the thumb👍 to count every falang(parts,bones, sectors) of the rest 4 fingers on a hand. Every finger has 3 parts. So for them we had 12 parts on every hand, that can be "marked" by the thumb. For instance when I count the only the male sheep 🐏 in a heard I start with the tip of point finger then keep down but when a female sheep 🐑 comes I just hold my thumb onto the part and finger it is up to. Seems strange but most people were illiterate so having simple way keeping count was important.
it's pictographic. GOAT = GOTHS. It's a system of writing to give information by a picture.. It's fortunate that GOAT and GOTH are still the same as 5000 years ago. Waddell studied this and wrote about this. He has provided many interpretations for the inscriptions at Boghazkoy/Hattusa as well as for the seals of the Indus Valley.
Outstanding. Any updates? Mom attended UC pre WW2, and the family interest in archeology and anthropology is everlasting. What were the sea levels? Maps of extinct rivers would be nice too. Water development and storage... I have seen other documentaries focusing on the submerged occupations and ancient rivers, but an updated 2-3 part series bringing it all together would be great!
Sir, please have a look at the findings of Kezhadi in Southern India, Tamil Nadu where we have found artifacts people used those days including Indus Graffiti marks on the potteries.
We have got graffiti in the lower stratum and in the middle we have got graffiti and Tamizhi script, and in the upper layer we have got only Tamizhi script. That shows that we are the Indus people or we know their language. But, in Keezhadi we have only the Indus graffiti mean we are the same people lived there in Indus.
Wow, excellent upload and some very interesting information about Indus Valley which i never knew before. Stunning artwork on on the artifacts. And what an excellent speaker, why weren't my university lecturers like this?
I have seen exactly the same bull shape here in taxila. Still stone craftsmen make it on stone decoration pieces. This symbol shows protection of strong against evil.
THis lecture was great. I think Mari is really important and was a diplomatic and trade centre for a lot longer than we know. Its nice to be able to synthesise these periods and places and I enjoyed this lecture very much.
The flower motif continues in Armenia Mesopotamia right up to the Macedonian star, and appears linked to a role of high priestess which doesnt seem to feature in the Indus Valley.
Fantastic, thanks for sharing. Amazing how we now are able to gather actual evidence on their life thanks to technology like isotopes or Dna locii. Also, on the topic of decoding the langage without rosetta stone, have you heard of this promising machine learning unsupervised technology that enables to translate say french into english without a parallel corpora ? Just by identifying the patterns of the langage. Accuracy is close to Google translate "original" version (before ML) which was very décent. I'll post a link to the publication
I personally believe that all the great cities evolved around rivers and garths were used to supply fresh fish for these settlements and of course the fresh water was eventually used for farming, so garths and weirs were built before most of the other activities took place, I also believe it is possible that some of the structures in ancient cities may have been to contain live fish for fresh sea food.
The Urantia Book originated in Chicago 100 years ago and includes in-depth information on prehistoric transactions of The evolutionary peoples of the past including the Mesopotamian and Indus civilization and their close relationships with one another.
I wonder if the rhinoceros might be the origin of the unicorn legend, how would one describe it an animal a bit bigger than a horse with a big horn sticking out of it's head?
Also, I’m surprised that the rhino’s range came as far west as the Indus. Or maybe it’s range overlapped with the eastern regions of the Harappan civilization. Rhinoceroses and elephants were exported to the Mesopotamian region, possibly in exchange for the occasional horse.
And also, he doesn't want to go into detail about their drilling techniques, but i would certainly like to see someone today to replicate their drilling techniques.
You can find them on TH-cam recreating Egyptian ones based on drills and tools found and seen in their illustrations. They used them to drill granite and limestone. Not sure if they show beads. Not sure about Harappa specifically
Very intriguing presentation to me since I visited lothal and dholavira. I guess Indus civilisation arises when Sumerian’s migrated from Mesopotamia after defeat by assyrians or some others. In course of time assimilated already extant people of Indus region.Or they migrated from east Africa the birth place of mankind and develope their own civilization. We need another lecture only on origin and migration of people of Indus civilization.
Fascinating links with Mesopotamia… I believe that the Sumerians learnt brick making, agriculture, iron works and jewellery craft from traders coming from the Indus Valley. Mohenjodaro may have lost its significance when the Silk Road from China started.. the obvious link may actually be religious
din't mention that the seated deity was shiva , it is clear from the seal it has 3 heads and if you see shiva in indian temples also has 3 heads dipicted sometimes as trimukhi shiva as in elephanta caves in mumbai.This is a clear link which every one tries to underplay .Shiva is known as adi yogi or first yogi and in the seal he is sitting in mula bandhana asan not easy lotus posture
35:59 seal shows a clear and proper rhino on top left, 2nd row. This is quite different from the unicorn seen before both in position of horn on head and general aspect ratio of the body. So they really dont seem to be the same thing.
I can say I belong to Indus civilization because of the graffiti we got in Keezhadi which in the lower stratum and in the middle stratum we have got graffiti and Tamizh and in the upper stratum we got only Tamizh that means we are from Indus. You can see the details, typing Keezhadi excavation.
I love how this guy pretends "master of beasts" motif developed independently from the Uruk phase, but then definitively ascribes the "water buffalo" motif to cultural spread coming from the Indus society. OR maybe Dilmun played the middle-man and the two (Uruk and Indus) were in constant contact as soon as the Sumerians started sailing?
The Dravidians sailed from South India and built the Indus Valley civilization and they sailed on towards Mesopotamia etc. Tamil is more than 5000 years old . The word “Tamil” comes from the word drávid́ - drávid́ → drámid́ → drámil → támil. The Kuruk language of the Oráons of northern India's Chottanagpur is also a Dravidian language. Baluchistan's Baluch and Brahui (Brohii) are Dravidian languages as well.
Developed by the Dravidians and Northern Aryans. The word “Tamil” comes from the word drávid́ - drávid́ → drámid́ → drámil → támil. The Kuruk language of the Oráons of northern India's Chottanagpur is also a Dravidian language. Baluchistan's Baluch and Brahui (Brohii) are Dravidian languages as well. Tamil is more than 5000 years old
Indus is the Tamil civilization that was an extension after the lemurian...this may sound as a myth..but if anyone can correlate the time and the history the anaswer would be clear....Tamil being the oldest language and the civilization as well...the recent findings at the archaeological site keezhadi in Tamil Nadu has proven Artifacts of Tamizhi scripts that are found on the artifacts of Indus valley civilization.
The word “Tamil” comes from the word drávid́ - drávid́ → drámid́ → drámil → támil. The Kuruk language of the Oráons of northern India's Chottanagpur is also a Dravidian language. Baluchistan's Baluch and Brahui (Brohii) are Dravidian languages as well. Dravidians established the Indus civilization along with Northern Aryans
The professor just throw in the "HORSE" ~ 1,900 BC! Hmm, do we have a picture? probably they want to write the word "horse" before drawing the picture. The earliest RIKS of Rigveda mentions bullock carts not horses....please read "A History of Rigveda". Unfortunately searching for unicorn bones will only lead to frustration but listening to Mrugendra might throw some light on this topic. For that watch ..."Identification of Unicorn (Indus-Saraswati Civilization)-Part-3 | Sh. Mrugendra Vinod |. Unless you understand the vedic tradition you can not interpret Sindhu/Saraswati culture in a satisfactory way.
I don't think he meant to suggest that horses were introduced to Egypt from the Indus Valley. He merely wanted to demonstrate how languages change over time and new words are added when new animals, objects etc. are introduced. Therefore, we can extrapolate that the word for 🐎 appears when horses are first introduced in Egypt 🇪🇬
Dude.. that's modern name of a nearby village of the site. It has nothing to do with original name of the city. I can make another name with your logic. Hara = green, apa = water. Hadappa means city of green water. You can make anything with such nonsense logics.
I can't believe you guys publish these lectures for free! What a public service! I cannot thank you enough!
Fantastic! The first thing that strikes me is how 'civilized' these people were - the fusion of science, culture, trade, relative non-violence, spiritual development is compelling. Thank you Mark!
Great presentation! Thanks for your research. Hopefully the day that we find a "Rosetta Stone" for the Indus Valley Civilization is not far away.
Lecture starts at 5:40.
Thanks for the knowledge! One of the greatest under rated civilization on earth
Finally!!!! Someone who goes into the day to day goings on in this Great Civilization.
What is fascinating is that Indians mastered and used digital number systems from the earliest times - binary, hexadecimal (base 4), decimal, and maybe octal (base 8). The system for small weights was binary - the significance of this is that this requires the least number of weights to measure out any weight in one go. Larger weights were in decimal (base 10) - this allows multiple use of the same weights, and counting the measures on fingers to again reduce the number of weights required. The hexadecimal and octal base number systems are an easier way to count and write down binary quantities.
It was Never Indian.
It was regional. This Harappan is Now Pakistan, Sind, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, So please do not pervert our history.
The Babylonians were the originators of the sexagecimal system that we still use. They also used zero. The story of zero is more complicated than what has been portrayed. And the Babylonians were working on the idea of limits, the forerunner of the calculus. And their trigonometry was superior to that of Greece!
Math whizzes of ancient Babylon figured out forerunner of calculus
th-cam.com/video/Rx-5dCXx1SI/w-d-xo.html
SISTEMA SEXAGESIMAL PARA LA MEDICIÓN DE ÁNGULOS
oscarfruto.wixsite.com/angulos/sistema-sexagecimal
The Nothing that Is: A Natural History of Zero 1st Edition
by Robert Kaplan (Author), Ellen Kaplan (Illustrator)
www.amazon.com/Nothing-that-Natural-History-Zero/dp/0195142373
Convert angles from the sexagecimal system to centesimal one
math.stackexchange.com/questions/604926/convert-angles-from-the-sexagecimal-system-to-centesimal-one
Hexadecimal is base 16, not base 4.
Grazie per questa bellissima conferenza.
Wow - they used a binary system of weights, and a hexadecimal counting system!
Well, Sumerians took it a bit further and had a sexagesimal counting system! (To the base 60)
@@AdarshKumarphilosopher from them we have 60seconds=1 minute, 180 grade, 12 hours (6×2) etc.
I heard they used the thumb👍 to count every falang(parts,bones, sectors) of the rest 4 fingers on a hand. Every finger has 3 parts. So for them we had 12 parts on every hand, that can be "marked" by the thumb. For instance when I count the only the male sheep 🐏 in a heard I start with the tip of point finger then keep down but when a female sheep 🐑 comes I just hold my thumb onto the part and finger it is up to. Seems strange but most people were illiterate so having simple way keeping count was important.
@@mirostanimirov8952 that system was there in hindu texts too. Most probably human beings had one civilisation in the beginning
The Akkadian seal impression shown at 44:10 is fascinating when you realize the visitor from Meluhha/Mleccha carries a goat=mlekh It's a rebus.
it's pictographic. GOAT = GOTHS. It's a system of writing to give information by a picture.. It's fortunate that GOAT and GOTH are still the same as 5000 years ago. Waddell studied this and wrote about this. He has provided many interpretations for the inscriptions at Boghazkoy/Hattusa as well as for the seals of the Indus Valley.
ty....i wondered why the algos were recommending
Wow! Thank you Professor! Wonderful work and dedication unparalleled! Wish you more such discoveries!
Outstanding. Any updates? Mom attended UC pre WW2, and the family interest in archeology and anthropology is everlasting. What were the sea levels? Maps of extinct rivers would be nice too. Water development and storage... I have seen other documentaries focusing on the submerged occupations and ancient rivers, but an updated 2-3 part series bringing it all together would be great!
Fantastic- wish I’d watched it before my assignment on trade links between Mesopotamia and Indus Valley!
This is a fascinating lecture. It's strange to think people were trading with each other, covering vast distances.
Supply and demand, trading is important for civilizations
Excellent overview. Thanks!
Thank you Mark and Oriental Institute for such interesting work
Thanks, it is a very good lecture.
Sir, please have a look at the findings of Kezhadi in Southern India, Tamil Nadu where we have found artifacts people used those days including Indus Graffiti marks on the potteries.
We have got graffiti in the lower stratum and in the middle we have got graffiti and Tamizhi script, and in the upper layer we have got only Tamizhi script. That shows that we are the Indus people or we know their language. But, in Keezhadi we have only the Indus graffiti mean we are the same people lived there in Indus.
Where can we find information about Kezhadi?
You can find those graffiti marks in Egyptian civilization too, It doesn't make Egyptians were ancient Indus people.
Excellent presentation!
Wow, excellent upload and some very interesting information about Indus Valley which i never knew before. Stunning artwork on on the artifacts.
And what an excellent speaker, why weren't my university lecturers like this?
+diegosousacarleone makaveliesocratesaristotle Glad you enjoyed it!
I have seen exactly the same bull shape here in taxila. Still stone craftsmen make it on stone decoration pieces.
This symbol shows protection of strong against evil.
who can top that intro? I was just browsing through but ended up hearing the intro and now here I am, 40 minutes later still listening.
THis lecture was great. I think Mari is really important and was a diplomatic and trade centre for a lot longer than we know. Its nice to be able to synthesise these periods and places and I enjoyed this lecture very much.
The flower motif continues in Armenia Mesopotamia right up to the Macedonian star, and appears linked to a role of high priestess which doesnt seem to feature in the Indus Valley.
Thank you very much for your so interesting lecture videos!
Very detailed lecture with minute observations throwing new life on Indus Civilization.
Fantastic, thanks for sharing. Amazing how we now are able to gather actual evidence on their life thanks to technology like isotopes or Dna locii. Also, on the topic of decoding the langage without rosetta stone, have you heard of this promising machine learning unsupervised technology that enables to translate say french into english without a parallel corpora ? Just by identifying the patterns of the langage. Accuracy is close to Google translate "original" version (before ML) which was very décent. I'll post a link to the publication
Excellent work done over almost 25 years and excellent lecture. Thanks.
Great lecture!
Inspiring lecture about a great ancient civilised race !
Nice lecture
I personally believe that all the great cities evolved around rivers and garths were used to supply fresh fish for these settlements and of course the fresh water was eventually used for farming, so garths and weirs were built before most of the other activities took place, I also believe it is possible that some of the structures in ancient cities may have been to contain live fish for fresh sea food.
fish symbol is all over their language but their main cities are far away from sea. That has something there.
Good show!
thank you sir.
why was the indus script found on easter island?
The Urantia Book originated in Chicago 100 years ago and includes in-depth information on prehistoric transactions of The evolutionary peoples of the past including the Mesopotamian and Indus civilization and their close relationships with one another.
Thank you. Fantastic presentation.
Keezhadi is in Tamil Nadu state in India in the southernmost part.
Fantastic. Wonderful presentation & info
I wonder if the rhinoceros might be the origin of the unicorn legend, how would one describe it an animal a bit bigger than a horse with a big horn sticking out of it's head?
It's likely.
I was wondering the same thing. Can anyone clarify this?
Also, I’m surprised that the rhino’s range came as far west as the Indus. Or maybe it’s range overlapped with the eastern regions of the Harappan civilization.
Rhinoceroses and elephants were exported to the Mesopotamian region, possibly in exchange for the occasional horse.
good presentation
And also, he doesn't want to go into detail about their drilling techniques, but i would certainly like to see someone today to replicate their drilling techniques.
You can find them on TH-cam recreating Egyptian ones based on drills and tools found and seen in their illustrations. They used them to drill granite and limestone. Not sure if they show beads. Not sure about Harappa specifically
Cities with adjacent areas can be part of a system of defence. Medieval european cities often had various wards.
Cool!
Very intriguing presentation to me since I visited lothal and dholavira. I guess Indus civilisation arises when Sumerian’s migrated from Mesopotamia after defeat by assyrians or some others. In course of time assimilated already extant people of Indus region.Or they migrated from east Africa the birth place of mankind and develope their own civilization. We need another lecture only on origin and migration of people of Indus civilization.
Fascinating links with Mesopotamia… I believe that the Sumerians learnt brick making, agriculture, iron works and jewellery craft from traders coming from the Indus Valley. Mohenjodaro may have lost its significance when the Silk Road from China started.. the obvious link may actually be religious
din't mention that the seated deity was shiva , it is clear from the seal it has 3 heads and if you see shiva in indian temples also has 3 heads dipicted sometimes as trimukhi shiva as in elephanta caves in mumbai.This is a clear link which every one tries to underplay .Shiva is known as adi yogi or first yogi and in the seal he is sitting in mula bandhana asan not easy lotus posture
Hello from Michael Kenoyer and Justin, Sarah, Jet, Jace, Jax, Jude & Jamison Kenoyer
Nice work. Thanks
I feel this video is non biased ❤️❤️❤️❤️
Thank you Sir for your valuable research. Hopefull to see more on it.
The “arms” on the Nazi swastika point to the right, as opposed to the one engraved in the video, which pints to the left.
Plz do research on
Nepami civilization
Starts 5:35
35:59 seal shows a clear and proper rhino on top left, 2nd row. This is quite different from the unicorn seen before both in position of horn on head and general aspect ratio of the body. So they really dont seem to be the same thing.
at 32:38 the top right image looks like deity KAALI
Thanks 🙏
The same writing script was found on Easter Island and the Indus Valley Civilization.
Thank you so much. My new year resolution? Watch all your youtube videos!
Please research on
Guthi
I can say I belong to Indus civilization because of the graffiti we got in Keezhadi which in the lower stratum and in the middle stratum we have got graffiti and Tamizh and in the upper stratum we got only Tamizh that means we are from Indus. You can see the details, typing Keezhadi excavation.
I love how this guy pretends "master of beasts" motif developed independently from the Uruk phase, but then definitively ascribes the "water buffalo" motif to cultural spread coming from the Indus society. OR maybe Dilmun played the middle-man and the two (Uruk and Indus) were in constant contact as soon as the Sumerians started sailing?
What? I thought the indus people are the one who sailed to sumeria not the sumerians plus indus people are the first people to use dockyard
The Dravidians sailed from South India and built the Indus Valley civilization and they sailed on towards Mesopotamia etc. Tamil is more than 5000 years old . The word “Tamil” comes from the word drávid́ - drávid́ → drámid́ → drámil → támil. The Kuruk language of the Oráons of northern India's Chottanagpur is also a Dravidian language. Baluchistan's Baluch and Brahui (Brohii) are Dravidian languages as well.
The very core reason for these great cities and cultures that sprang up along these rivers, was for the collection of GOLD.
They never seem to understand that walls are mainly to keep ANIMALS out of the settlement, not politics. And, for some WATER. Well, theives too.
They don't want you to know too much about this civilization... for a certain reason too 🤫
Can you elaborate?
Origin of Indus civilization???????
Developed by the Dravidians and Northern Aryans. The word “Tamil” comes from the word drávid́ - drávid́ → drámid́ → drámil → támil. The Kuruk language of the Oráons of northern India's Chottanagpur is also a Dravidian language. Baluchistan's Baluch and Brahui (Brohii) are Dravidian languages as well. Tamil is more than 5000 years old
Indus is the Tamil civilization that was an extension after the lemurian...this may sound as a myth..but if anyone can correlate the time and the history the anaswer would be clear....Tamil being the oldest language and the civilization as well...the recent findings at the archaeological site keezhadi in Tamil Nadu has proven Artifacts of Tamizhi scripts that are found on the artifacts of Indus valley civilization.
The word “Tamil” comes from the word drávid́ - drávid́ → drámid́ → drámil → támil. The Kuruk language of the Oráons of northern India's Chottanagpur is also a Dravidian language. Baluchistan's Baluch and Brahui (Brohii) are Dravidian languages as well. Dravidians established the Indus civilization along with Northern Aryans
Dang my ancient Dravidian ancestors were based :)
This Indus valley are Tamil origin after the great flood.all are from Himalayan mountain.
Lol😂😂😂
It's evedince water buffalo came from Dravidian mahisasuran.It's show we TAMILS spreading civilization to all over earth.
No, Tamils closest relative to proto-dravidian, who spread civilization to world.
What do you mean by Dravidian??
Beads in China might come from south india.
I think you are influenced by Periyar .
Aryan invasion theory and Tamil is first language. Lol😂😂
The professor just throw in the "HORSE" ~ 1,900 BC! Hmm, do we have a picture? probably they want to write the word "horse" before drawing the picture. The earliest RIKS of Rigveda mentions bullock carts not horses....please read "A History of Rigveda". Unfortunately searching for unicorn bones will only lead to frustration but listening to Mrugendra might throw some light on this topic. For that watch ..."Identification of Unicorn (Indus-Saraswati Civilization)-Part-3 | Sh. Mrugendra Vinod |. Unless you understand the vedic tradition you can not interpret Sindhu/Saraswati culture in a satisfactory way.
I don't think he meant to suggest that horses were introduced to Egypt from the Indus Valley. He merely wanted to demonstrate how languages change over time and new words are added when new animals, objects etc. are introduced. Therefore, we can extrapolate that the word for 🐎 appears when horses are first introduced in Egypt 🇪🇬
It wont to be if I call it the ''Hindu civilization''
Harapa= Hara name for Shiva, apa=father "Father Shiva" the yogi of the Himalayas
Dude.. that's modern name of a nearby village of the site. It has nothing to do with original name of the city. I can make another name with your logic. Hara = green, apa = water. Hadappa means city of green water. You can make anything with such nonsense logics.