Literally yesterday I was scrolling through my subscriptions trying to find "that really good Bronze Age history channel" but couldn't find it, and now the notification appeared. Providence.
Along with history time, history of the (universe, earth, human kind) and fall of civilisation, we are spoilt for choice, thanks Cy for the hours of knowledge and entertainment.
I am 76 and have been studying ancient history for the last 13 years. It is so great to have your channel. I signed up on Patreon. It also makes me so happy to see so many younger people in the comments interested in ancient history… Finally… You are doing a very good thing.… Thank you😊
Thank YOU so much for watching and your support, means the world! I'm so glad you're enjoying the content. Lots more on the way... hope to have the rest of this series done by early next year and a whole bunch of shorter vids in the meantime. Stay tuned and thanks again!
It’s great to hear of your passionate studying of ancient history,I too find the subject fascinating and I’m unable to quench my thirst for all things ancient and historical, if you don’t mind me asking, for which qualification/s are you reading? I also have another question that I will copy and paste on the end of this paragraph. I wish you good luck in your studies,enjoy🥷🙏🏻 ⤵️ I recently fell asleep watching something and TH-cam was automatically starting to play documentary videos as each one ended,when I woke up, in the video that was playing, somebody was discussing the theory that the Norse God Odin originated from a real person or a group of people,the theory suggests that there is was a mutation in genes that allows the host person(s) to survive bubonic plague,considering the estimates are 30%-60% European population and 33% of the Middle East population,a group of persons with the ability to survive this would have seemed pretty Godlike and thus the origins of various Gods come into being,apparently there is such a mutation which has been documented, I was just wondering if anyone had heard of this documentary / theory ? I’ve searched my history on TH-cam and hunted high and low but can find absolutely nothing,if anyone knows about it or comes across it ( and can navigate back to this comment section ) then I’d be very grateful,I’m 100% sure I didn’t dream it and the theory sounded very plausible and very interesting. Just thought I’d ask,you never know 🥷🙏🏻
Nothing better than being off on a Saturday, doing your house work/yard work, coming inside, kicking back and seeing a notification saying Cy made a new video, and it's on one of my favorite topics, ancient Greece! Me and my 2 sons will be watching in full today!
Thanks, hope the three of you enjoyed it. You're in luck! I just came back from Greece a few weeks ago... this time was mostly in northern Greece around Thessaloniki - ancient Macedonia! So, there will be a lot more Greek and related content this year. Will finish this series, then one on the Peloponnesian War, Alexander the Great and then a few of the Hellenistic kingdoms, including Ptolemaic Egypt. 2025 will be the year of Hellas! Thanks so much for watching, really appreciate it!
Thanks, and this is only the first part. The rest will be out soon... I've already written 90% of the script and it will likely be about 5-6 hours total. Thanks for watching and stay tuned for the rest!
Thanks, that's the best comment I can get. I do my best to be as unbiased as possible and let the information we have speak for itself... and then let you all make your own conclusions. Stay tuned for more and thanks for watching and supporting the channel!
Your old videos on Greeks and Persians were what made me interested in history (raw history), and now i love to recall these topics again. keep up the good work
Thanks, glad the old stuff is useful. I'm going to do a revamp of some of it and add new info during the next year, stay tuned and thanks for continuing to watch all these years, means a lot!
Your work is amazing! I've recommended your channel to a lot of friends and they love it. Thank you for all the energy you put into these videos and for all the interesting conversations you've launched
Orion Oros Berg cognate Berg Germanic for Below mountain or hilly region below Barrow fort Palace association with the flooding of the Nile from Eradinus Urines Orion Storm God Etymology. The name Jǫrmungandr is a poetic title and consists of the prefix jǫrmun- and the word gandr. The prefix "jǫrmun-" denotes something huge, vast, or superhuman. The word "gandr" can mean a variety of things in Old Norse, but mainly refers to elongated entities and or supernatural beings. His name is pronounced your - mun-gander (also given as Jormungand and meaning "huge monster" or "great beast"), and he is one of the oldest entities in Norse mythology.1 He is the son of the god Loki and the giantess Angrboða and brother of the great wolf Fenrir and Hel, Queen of the Dead. At Ragnarök, the Twilight of the Gods, he slays and is slain by the god Thor, his own _Uncle_ mid 16th century (in Scots, denoting a source or beginning): via Old French from Latin germen ‘shoot, sprout’. germ (sense 1) dates from the late 19th century. A germ cell is the precursor to the gametes (i.e. reproductive cells, or sex cells) of any organism that reproduces sexually. The term "germ" comes from the Latin "germen", meaning "seed" or "sprout." The word itself comes from the Greek word bakterion, "small stick or rod," which describes a bacterium's shape when seen under a microscope Serpent (Greek: ὄφις; Trans: Ophis, /ˈo. fis/; "snake", "serpent") occurs in the Book of Revelation as the "ancient serpent" or "old serpent" used to describe "the dragon", Satan the Adversary, who is the devil. ormr (noun m.) 'serpent' (Norse) Beithir Etymology. The Scottish Gaelic word beithir has been defined variously as "serpent", "lightning", and "thunderbolt". It is also referred to as beithir-nimh ("venomous serpent") and nathair ("serpent" and "adder"). nathair (Celtic) Norse mythology, the World Serpent, Jörmungandr, was an ouroboros. Odin prophesized that Jörmungandr, the serpent child of Loki, would become problematic and had it thrown into the sea. The serpent grew so large it coiled around Midgard (Earth) and swallowed its own tail Slain by Apollo near Delphi, from Latin Python, from Greek Pythōn "serpent slain by Apollo," probably related to Pythō, the old name of Delphi. Pythein: "to rot," or from PIE *dhubh-(o)n-, from *dheub- "hollow, deep, bottom, depths," and used in reference to the monsters who inhabit them. Loosely used for "any very large snake," The Hurrians called it Mount Hazzi and considered it the home of their storm god Teshub.[7] The Hittites continued his worship, celebrating Teshub's victory over the sea in the Song of Kumarbi found in their capital Hattusa.[9] They also celebrated the mountain in its own right, naming it as a divine guarantor on their treaties and observing rites in its honor. It also appears in the Hebrew Scriptures as Mount Zaphon (Hebrew: צפון Tsāfōn).[10][n 1] In ancient Canaanite religion, Mount Sapan was sometimes accounted as the home of all the gods, not only Baʿal and his sister. As Mount Zaphon, it appears in that role in the Hebrew Scriptures' Book of Isaiah, along with the Mount of the Congregation.[16] From its importance and its position at the northern end of Canaan, it also became a metonym and then the word for the direction "north" in the Hebrew language. Both Namni[3] and Ḫazzi were deified mountains, and their names could be written with the determinatives dingir or ḪUR.SAG.[4] They functioned as a dyad[5] and commonly appear together in known sources.[6] In texts from the Bogazköy Archive, they are almost always mentioned as a pair.[7] Ḫazzi was the divine representation of Jebel al-Aqra (historically known as Saphon and Cassius as well).[8] Namni might have represented the Anti-Cassius,[9][2] though the name has also been interpreted as one of the peaks of Jebel al-Aqra itself.[10] The breve under the first consonant of the former name is sometimes omitted in modern transcriptions, leading to the use of the spelling Hazzi.[2] Namni could also be referred to as Nanni.[11] However, in an offering list from Mari the theonym Nanni might be a variant of Nanaya instead,[12] though identification with the mountain god is supported by Jean-Marie Durand. Under various forms, worship continued through antiquity, when it was called Mount Casius (Greek: Κασιος, Kasios; Latin: Casius Mons; Armenian: Կասիոս Լեռ, Gassios Ler) and lay 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) north of Posideium (modern Ras al-Bassit). Even closer, the earliest Hellenic foothold in the Levant lies at the beach on its northern flank at Al Mina. Here Euboeans and Cypriotes experienced some of their earliest on-site experience of northwest Semitic cultures, from the early eighth century BCE onwards. "The Hittite name persisted in neo-Hittite culture into the ninth century [BCE] and so when Greeks settled on the north side of Mount Hazzi they continued to call its main peak 'Mount Kasios'", Lane Fox points out, observing that it was the Mount Olympus of the Near East.[20] When kings and emperors climbed Mount Kasios to sacrifice at its peak sanctuary, it was a notable cultural occasion. Seleucus I Nicator sought there the advice of Zeus in locating his foundation, a Seleuceia (one of many) on the coast. Coins struck there as late as the first century BCE still show the city's emblem, the thunderbolt, sometimes placed upon the cushion of a throne. In the winter of 114/15 CE Trajan was spared in a major earthquake that struck Antioch; commemorative coins were struck featuring the shrine of Zeus Kasios, with its pointed roof on pillars, and a representation of its rounded sacred stone, or betyl.[22] Trajan's adoptive son Hadrian accompanied him; he returned in 130 AD to scale the mountain at night, no doubt, Lane Fox remarks, to witness the rising of the sun, visible for several minutes from the peak, while the land below lay still in darkness; it was said later that a thunderbolt at the peak struck the animal he was about to sacrifice. In spring 363 the last pagan emperor, Julian, scaled the mountain, where he had an epiphanic vision of Zeus Kasios, according to his friend and correspondent Libanius.[citation needed] Greek theophoric names Kassiodora and Kassiodorus,[23] equally a "gift of Kasios", recall a vow of one or both parents made to ensure fertile conception.[24] Christian hermits were drawn to the mountain; Barlaam challenged its demons by founding a monastery near the treeline on its eastern slopes, and Simeon Stylites the Younger stood for forty years on a pillar near its northern flanks until his death in 592. The cult site is represented by a huge mound of ashes and debris, 180 feet (55 m) wide and 26 feet (7.9 m) deep, of which only the first 6 feet (1.8 m) have been excavated. Archaeologists only reached as far as the Hellenistic strata before the site was closed, as it lies in a Turkish military zone on its border with Syria.[7] Namni and Ḫazzi were two mountain gods who belonged to the Hurrian pantheon. They are usually mentioned together in known texts. Ḫazzi corresponds to Jebel al-Aqra, while the identification of the mountain Namni represented is disputed. Both of them belonged to the court of the Hurrian weather god, Teššub, and it is possible they were worshiped alongside him in Aleppo. They are also attested in a variety of Hurrian and Hittite religious texts. They do not play an active role in known myths of Hurrian origin, though allusions to a conflict involving them have been identified in texts dealing with other deities. In western Hurrian tradition Namni and Ḫazzi were associated with the weather god Teššub.[9][2] Daniel Schwemer has informally described them as his "sidekicks".[14] Seals and reliefs showing an armed weather god straddling two mountains, multiple examples of which are known from Syria and Anatolia, are usually presumed to depict Namni and Ḫazzi.[15]
I love learning about the ancient Persians. Such a fascinating and mysterious civilization. I hope to visit Persepolis and Susa someday. Thanks again Cy for bringing us such riveting and well produced content. 🏛️🙏
Yes, agreed. I've been to Persepolis and Pasargadae, but never Susa... would love to go as it is one of the most ancient continuously inhabited cities in history. Thanks for watching, really appreciate it!
Nice, the Greco-Persian Wars are one of the most fascinating wars in history. It's one of the historical events that initially piqued my interest in Ancient history. I'm sure I'm not alone on that one. I've been reading recently that there may not have been an actual Medean empire as outlined by Herodotos. According to what we can glean from Persian history/archaeology, it doesn't seem like there was a centralized state that constituted a Medean Empire as Herodotos purports; I guess that makes sense that Herodotos might mistake a large tribal confederation in the past for a de facto Empire given the remoteness of time & locale.
Yeah I've read that too and someone put out a video recently (I think it was Historian's Craft) that there was no such thing. I haven't seen the video yet so I can't comment on that but I think it depends a bit on one's point of view as to what constitutes as empire. From what I've studied the Medes had more of a loose federation of vassal kingdoms where they were at the head, which was similar to what many believe the Elamites and other Bronze Age "empires" also had throughout much of their history (Hittite Empire during the Bronze Age also had this type of set up though more formal). The Iron Age empires of Mesopotamia, like that of the Assyrians, were much more centralized where many of the vassal kingdoms, especially rebellious Aramean ones, were reorganized into provinces with a strong governor or regional authority ruling on behalf of the king/emperor. The Medes, who as far as we can tell had been mostly nomads living on the fringes of the Neo-Assyrian Empire until they helped to overthrow the latter, were newcomers onto the political scene and concept of a centralized "empire" was still relatively new to them, unlike in Mesopotamia. I'm of the belief that the Medes were in the process of transforming their state into something similar to what the Neo-Assyrian or neighboring Babylonian empires had. This though was made difficult because there was no written Median language, which is why we don't have any written documentation of Median administrative activity. It's interesting that the Persians also didn't have their own written language until the reign of Darius I, who had a cuneiform style script developed for the Old Persian language. Before that (and for the rest of the Achaemenid period) Elamite scribes were the ones who took care of recordkeeping and administration of the Persian state. I think a big disadvantage archaeologists have when it comes to the Medes is that what remains of their capital of Ecbatana lies beneath the streets of modern Hamadan, and so even if there was a Median archive (whether in Aramaic, Elamite or another language) it is probably lost to us and the chances of finding one are now slim. Just my opinion... great points though and thanks for sharing. I'll research this more and maybe come out with a new Mede video in the near future.
@@HistorywithCy Yeah, it might have been that video that prompted me to look into it a bit more, actually. I definitely was not intending to 'refute' anything in the video; you're just presenting Herodotos & even give a disclaimer that we should use a bit of skepticism when interpreting his accounts, and, anyway, the Medeans, like in Herodotos, are kind of just a background to set the scene for the Achaemenid rise to power. I agree fundamentally it's a complex concept. Interpretations of what constitutes an empire, a kingdom, or a confederation, or a league, is honestly pretty tough. I mean, a lot of the attached terminology is far more modern than what would have been used in the epoch, and we have our own connotations to them. For example, how accurate is the term 'King' really for a lot of these bronze, iron age, and classical antique figures-- terms like King & Empire/eror often come to us complete with all their medieval & early-modern baggage. And then, questions of centralization are always difficult, to go a bit out of scope again, most medievalists agree that the concept of 'absolute monarchy' is not really accurate to what even the most centralized medieval Kings actually wielded in terms of executive force. There is a lot of interpretation/contention as to what constitutes being able to act completely of your own accord, for example. Anyway an interesting idea. Honestly, it's a fascinating subject and for full disclosure I'm not as knowledgeable on the subject as I'd like. But, I think interpreting how bronze age & iron age states organized themselves is no easy task. It's not like there is anything equivalent even to Aristotle's accounts of certain Greek city states' constitution etc., so it requires a lot of interpretation. On the other hand, sometimes I feel like to some extent we are splitting hairs. Of course I think it's interesting to get more modern interpretations, but at the same time I do tend to want to just take our ancient sources as they are at some level. I don't know, maybe just me.
No not all, I like hearing other opinions and examining new information. There's so much we don't know and it's good to have some skepticism. I need to examine these new theories in more depth. Thanks again for your feedback and stay tuned for the rest coming out in the next few weeks.
Thanks, glad you enjoyed this... just released the 2nd part today, hope you enjoy that as well. Thanks for watching and your support, really appreciate it!
*Finally* got a chance to watch this, another banger Cy. I have to admit I enjoyed you concluding on Darius' single-minded determination to go after Athens. His version of "Ceterum censeo Carthaginem esse delendam" :-)
Haha yes... quite an iconic passage from Herodotus. The next few episodes will have more famous lines... perhaps the MOST famous uttered by Leonidas (you probably known which one I'm referring to but I won't give it away here). As always, thanks for constantly tuning in, really means a lot. Stay tuned for the rest of the series!
As always, great presentation, very professional. Full of content that keeps the viewer engaged. Top notch quality. No doubt a lot of time and work has gone into the making of this video, so it's understandable the creator wouldn't mind possible compensation. To that point, there are so many ads constantly interrupting the finish product is unwatchable.
Thanks for the feedback, really appreciate it. With regard to the ads, I just turn the monetization on but don't place them... TH-cam does that. I apologize for this... I've noticed that I get more ads during the holiday season (and during the election with a political ad every two minutes!). I'm not sure if this will lessen after the holidays or stay the same. Anyway, thanks for watching, appreciate it.
Yeah you know I didn't even know they had a new version out. I haven't played any version of AoE for probably 15 years by now. I looked up the trailer on YT and it looks like something I'd want to play...think I'll check it out during the holidays. Anyway, hope the video helped provide some historical context and thanks for watching!
Honestly, I didn't even know about this... the last time I played Age of Empires was like 15 years ago. I just looked up the trailer and it definitely is my type of game! I'm going to check it out for sure! Thanks for watching and hope the video gives some context to the game.
Thank you for dedicating so much of your life to the study of this area of the map and making these videos to relay it to others Cy. I watch many channels that specialize in certain time periods or areas and this is my go-to for the Middle East and Eurasia
Thanks, glad you're enjoying the content! Lot more on these subjects coming in 2025. Will continue and finish up this series, then the Peloponnesian War, some stuff on Assyria and Mesopotamia, Achaemenid Iran, Alexander and hopefully some of the Hellenistic kingdoms, especially my favorite, the Seleucids. Oh, and Ptolemaic Egypt as well. Stay tuned and thanks for watching and the support!
The next vid in the Egypt series will also feature the Achaemenids... I guess we're just at that point in the timeline on the channel. Thanks for watching, really appreciate it!
Yes, the Peloponnesian War series (a new one) will be right after this...and I promise to have it all complete sooner this time. As always, thanks for watching!
"Herodotus could not hold the attention of the youth of his day without a little embelleshing, even a 58 minute video describing historical fact would not keep them engaged enough to put down their phones"
Plutarch's criticisms of Herodotus are mainly that he is TOO truthful! He's mad that Herodotus doesn't twist the facts to make his subjects look heroic the way Plutarch does, ranting about how the moral impact of your work is more important than the truth. His reasons Herodotus is "malicious" are the reasons he is my favorite ancient historian.
Yeah you know, every time I reread Herodotus, I gain more respect for him. When I was young - I think partly because my teacher was biased against him - I just assumed he was more of a storyteller and less of a historian. But the more I reread and appreciate what he's done, I become more of a fan of his. Like for this series - I basically reread 75% of Historia again and came up with new insights that had eluded me in the past. Anyway, thanks for watching, really appreciate it... stay tuned for more, including Herodotus!
@@HistorywithCy - I even think his "list every source he came across" approach is more historian-like than Thucydides "just present one source and never mention your sources" approach. Especially when the ones Herodotus says are really unlikely in his view turn out to be the correct ones half the time x_x
Dude Herodotus reputation is totally undeserved. I used to think he's a fraud but the mainstream opinion on him is so outdated. So many times things that were considered outlandish claims have been confirmed.
Also about Plutarch he's work is 90 percent propaganda. No wonder he didn't like actual historians. He's the one who writes about Spartans practicing infanticide which was completely bs.
I will always chicken my head whenever I think of the old way I learned to pronounce Darius. Like the modern pronunciation. It was a big let down when I learned the right way to say it. I thought it was humorous how you have all these guys with epic sounding names. Then you have ol’ Darius that lives down the street and fixes cars. 😂 Edit: Also thank you for reading the quotes and really integrating them into your narrative. It’s really adds a personal touch to your storytelling. Some channels just put it on the screen for a couple of seconds and/or talk over it.
Now, I happen to know that you are a fan of a certain French-Canadian-Iranian and his music, and I can't help but notice that the background music sounds veeeery familiar.
Yup, his work is definitely represented in this video... brings the story alive in my opinion. I'm a huge fan of his. If you want to see which songs have been used, check out the video description. Thanks for watching/listening.
It's worth noting how divided was Greece during these two Persian wars. That's sth often not highlighted. This is by no means the union that led a campaign under Alexander. 1)Macedonia was under Persian control after the first Persian war. 2) asia minor colonies already enslaved 3) notable cities in Greece like Thebes allied with Persians 4) magna Grecian colonies fighting among themselves so Greece lacking help from important colonies like Tarentum, locri, rhegium) 5)Syracuse one of the biggest greek city states unable to help because they had conflict with Carthage It's crazy how fragmented the Greek side was all the while Persians had like a dozen different countries unified under their control.
Imagine if we could have democracy like the Athenians and not elections like the Spartans. Aristotle left us this message and obligation from this golden era of humanity.
this video is really well-made and informative, great job! however, i can't help but wonder if the portrayal of the Persians is a bit too favorable. i mean, while their rise was impressive, the way they handled the Ionian revolt seems glossed over. what do you all think?
I wish we knew so much more about the Neo-Assyrian, Median and Achaemenid conquests. They're the link between the major Bronze Age kingdoms/city-states, and the larger Hellenic/Phonecian kingdoms and Roman/Parthian empires. Cyrus and Darius get less attention than Phillip and Alexander but are just as impressive to me.
You're in luck because a lot of 2025 will be devoted to all of the topics you just mentioned. Will finish up this series, then do a new one on the Peloponnesian War, Alexander the Great, some of the Hellenistic kingdoms, and in between a big one on the Assyrian and Achaemenid empires. I want to finish up a lot of this in 2025 so that I can start some topics of later antiquity by the end of next year, though I'll still do some Bronze Age content in between. Thanks for watching and stay tuned!
@@HistorywithCy you got great stuff man I'm so glad I committed to the history algorithm years ago. Would have never found half the channels I follow now.
Haha you'll have to check @FaryaFaraji for that. He has some great documentaries on the history of different types of music...goes really deep in to modes and scales in some of them. Thanks for watching, appreciate it!
Yes , all from Greek sources and usually we were learned to sympathise them and blame Persians as aggressive. Kinda one direction approach. In fact Persians have so many lands already they needed to hold it rather than conquer the new ones.
Well invading a foreign country is the definition of being aggressive. And they had invaded like a dozen different countries by that point so yes they were kinda aggressive!
Yes, but there's a reason for that... since that last episode of that series I've visited Greece a couple times and some relevant sites, including Amphipolis last month (saw Brasidas' grave!). After that first visit I thought to myself that I wanted to make it more than just a podcast and really go in greater depth. So, and I PROMISE... as soon as this series is done I'll get back to that and release them in much more rapid succession so that you don't have to wait a long time in between episodes. You heard/read it here first! Thanks for your interest in the subject and stay tuned!
Herodotus seems to ascribe to the Great Man of History theory, whereby history is more influenced by the machinations of great men such as Aristagoras (no idea if I'm spelling that right), rather than to the thousands of Athenians and Ionians who actually attempted to overthrow Persian rule.
great video! i will say this though, alot of anatolia was indepdent of the persians, psidians, paphlagonians, mysian tribes, republics like sinope and trapezos etc.
Yeah Anatolia is a big place... hard to keep control of all of it! If you're interested the subject, there a good book by Elspeth Dusinberre called "Empire, Authority and Autonomy in Achaemenid Anatolia" that you might want to check out. Goes in good depth in the topic. Anyway, thanks for watching, really appreciate it!
I would apply the principal of embarrassment: why would Athenians like Herotodus lie about a treaty that they themselves later reneged on, thus making them look like provocators while the Spartans look sane and wise?
Hi. I'm not sure what you mean... this video deals mostly with events that took place when the Achaemenids were at or near their height. The conquest of the Persian Empire by Alexander is still 160 years in the future from the end of this video. There's a lot of great history about the Achaemenids to cover in between. Thanks.
True, he also didn't have wings either. The reason why people believe it is supposed to have been a depiction of Cyrus the Great is because there was an Old Persian inscription written above it that said something like "Cyrus, an Achaemenid." So scholars assume it might have meant to have been a depiction of him perhaps created at the time of Cambyses or Darius. The inscription definitely came after Cyrus' death because the Old Persian cuneiform script was invented during the reign of Darius I. Anyway thanks for watching, appreciate it and hope you enjoyed it.
@@HistorywithCyI can see why the succesing Persian kings loved Cyrus II. He was to them what Genghis Khan was to the Mongols. Xerxes and Kublai Khan may have ruled their empires at their peak but they didn't initiate their empires so because of that they have less influence and adulation in the annals of history.
haha they were actually a sponsor to one of my earliest videos a few years ago... I think the one on the Sumerian King List. It was a fun ad to make. Anyway thanks for watching, appreciate it!
@@HistorywithCy I've read Herodotus, (I tried to learn Classical Greek but but despite the best efforts a very dedicated teacher when I lived in Oxford I couldn't manage it; it's bloody difficult,) and a lot of other Classical Period stuff too and I think your making a damn good fist of it and making a very useful and accessible contribution. There's fair bit of stuff here that's either new to me or that you've made clearer. Thank you.
@@Chase_baker_1996 Actually they didn't win the battle, Alexander is not Greek, hellenised in culture but not Greek. Xerxes took mainland Greece. And then him or his succesor Artaxerxes lost it years later. But Greece still payed tribute to Artaxerxes so that the Persians dont try to invade them anymore. And paying tribute is a sign of subjugation.
Are you going to talk about Darius he's connected to maybe our character in the Quran his name is khidr he have to do with the story of gog and magog. And have two names one had to do, with like two horns cuz he wear the helmet with two horns. we Believe Darius was a monotheist before the religion he followed changed over time. by the man's hands of changing religion.
Naram-Sin of Akkad had a bigger empire than Cambyses II. It wasnt until Darius that the Persian empire became bigger than the Akkadian empire. And then the Persian empire would get superseded by the Ummayd empire.
I recently fell asleep watching something and TH-cam was automatically starting to play documentary videos as each one ended,when I woke up, in the video that was playing, somebody was discussing the theory that the Norse God Odin originated from a real person or a group of people,the theory suggests that there is was a mutation in genes that allows the host person(s) to survive bubonic plague,considering the estimates are 30%-60% European population and 33% of the Middle East population,a group of persons with the ability to survive this would have seemed pretty Godlike and thus the origins of various Gods come into being,apparently there is such a mutation which has been documented, I was just wondering if anyone had heard of this documentary / theory ? I’ve searched my history on TH-cam and hunted high and low but can find absolutely nothing,if anyone knows about it or comes across it ( and can navigate back to this comment section ) then I’d be very grateful,I’m 100% sure I didn’t dream it and the theory sounded very plausible and very interesting. Just thought I’d ask,you never know 🥷🙏🏻 Thanks Cy ,great content as usual 🫡
Literally yesterday I was scrolling through my subscriptions trying to find "that really good Bronze Age history channel" but couldn't find it, and now the notification appeared. Providence.
Haha thanks... now also into the Iron Age and beyond! Thanks for watching, really appreciate it and stay tuned for more!
It’s a shame all those Greeks don’t have noses. Like Tycho Brahe. If you get a bust made i wonder how much extra a nose is 🤦♀️
Along with history time, history of the (universe, earth, human kind) and fall of civilisation, we are spoilt for choice, thanks Cy for the hours of knowledge and entertainment.
@ haha I did art for history of the earth. Those guys are great. All of them.
I am 76 and have been studying ancient history for the last 13 years. It is so great to have your channel. I signed up on Patreon. It also makes me so happy to see so many younger people in the comments interested in ancient history… Finally… You are doing a very good thing.… Thank you😊
Thank YOU so much for watching and your support, means the world! I'm so glad you're enjoying the content. Lots more on the way... hope to have the rest of this series done by early next year and a whole bunch of shorter vids in the meantime. Stay tuned and thanks again!
It’s great to hear of your passionate studying of ancient history,I too find the subject fascinating and I’m unable to quench my thirst for all things ancient and historical, if you don’t mind me asking, for which qualification/s are you reading? I also have another question that I will copy and paste on the end of this paragraph. I wish you good luck in your studies,enjoy🥷🙏🏻
⤵️
I recently fell asleep watching something and TH-cam was automatically starting to play documentary videos as each one ended,when I woke up, in the video that was playing, somebody was discussing the theory that the Norse God Odin originated from a real person or a group of people,the theory suggests that there is was a mutation in genes that allows the host person(s) to survive bubonic plague,considering the estimates are 30%-60% European population and 33% of the Middle East population,a group of persons with the ability to survive this would have seemed pretty Godlike and thus the origins of various Gods come into being,apparently there is such a mutation which has been documented, I was just wondering if anyone had heard of this documentary / theory ? I’ve searched my history on TH-cam and hunted high and low but can find absolutely nothing,if anyone knows about it or comes across it ( and can navigate back to this comment section ) then I’d be very grateful,I’m 100% sure I didn’t dream it and the theory sounded very plausible and very interesting. Just thought I’d ask,you never know 🥷🙏🏻
Nothing better than being off on a Saturday, doing your house work/yard work, coming inside, kicking back and seeing a notification saying Cy made a new video, and it's on one of my favorite topics, ancient Greece! Me and my 2 sons will be watching in full today!
Right there with you. Cy uploads make my weekend
Thanks, hope the three of you enjoyed it. You're in luck! I just came back from Greece a few weeks ago... this time was mostly in northern Greece around Thessaloniki - ancient Macedonia! So, there will be a lot more Greek and related content this year. Will finish this series, then one on the Peloponnesian War, Alexander the Great and then a few of the Hellenistic kingdoms, including Ptolemaic Egypt. 2025 will be the year of Hellas! Thanks so much for watching, really appreciate it!
Great job Cy! This one was your most comprehensive coverage of the Persian empire.
Thanks, and this is only the first part. The rest will be out soon... I've already written 90% of the script and it will likely be about 5-6 hours total. Thanks for watching and stay tuned for the rest!
Wow, that's exciting. I first found your channel years back because you wrote a script on the Archaemenids for History Time, I think?
Cy, you're simply the best historical channel right now.
I'm honored, thanks so much for the kind words and support, really means a lot. More on the way, stay tuned and thanks for watching!
Aw hell yeah unbiased accurate presentation of the Greco-Persian Wars let's go!
Thanks, that's the best comment I can get. I do my best to be as unbiased as possible and let the information we have speak for itself... and then let you all make your own conclusions. Stay tuned for more and thanks for watching and supporting the channel!
Your old videos on Greeks and Persians were what made me interested in history (raw history), and now i love to recall these topics again. keep up the good work
Thanks, glad the old stuff is useful. I'm going to do a revamp of some of it and add new info during the next year, stay tuned and thanks for continuing to watch all these years, means a lot!
Your work is amazing! I've recommended your channel to a lot of friends and they love it. Thank you for all the energy you put into these videos and for all the interesting conversations you've launched
Hey, thank YOU for watching and recommending it... makes my day! Second installment will be out soon, stay tuned and thanks for the support!
Awesome topic! Let’s go 💪🏻
Haha thanks, I thought this would be a topic you'd be into.
Orion Oros Berg cognate Berg Germanic for Below mountain or hilly region below Barrow fort Palace association with the flooding of the Nile from Eradinus Urines Orion Storm God
Etymology. The name Jǫrmungandr is a poetic title and consists of the prefix jǫrmun- and the word gandr. The prefix "jǫrmun-" denotes something huge, vast, or superhuman. The word "gandr" can mean a variety of things in Old Norse, but mainly refers to elongated entities and or supernatural beings.
His name is pronounced your - mun-gander (also given as Jormungand and meaning "huge monster" or "great beast"), and he is one of the oldest entities in Norse mythology.1
He is the son of the god Loki and the giantess Angrboða and brother of the great wolf Fenrir and Hel, Queen of the Dead. At Ragnarök, the Twilight of the Gods, he slays and is slain by the god Thor, his own _Uncle_
mid 16th century (in Scots, denoting a source or beginning): via Old French from Latin germen ‘shoot, sprout’. germ (sense 1) dates from the late 19th century.
A germ cell is the precursor to the gametes (i.e. reproductive cells, or sex cells) of any organism that reproduces sexually. The term "germ" comes from the Latin "germen", meaning "seed" or "sprout."
The word itself comes from the Greek word bakterion, "small stick or rod," which describes a bacterium's shape when seen under a microscope
Serpent (Greek: ὄφις; Trans: Ophis, /ˈo. fis/; "snake", "serpent") occurs in the Book of Revelation as the "ancient serpent" or "old serpent" used to describe "the dragon", Satan the Adversary, who is the devil.
ormr (noun m.) 'serpent' (Norse)
Beithir
Etymology. The Scottish Gaelic word beithir has been defined variously as "serpent", "lightning", and "thunderbolt". It is also referred to as beithir-nimh ("venomous serpent") and nathair ("serpent" and "adder").
nathair (Celtic)
Norse mythology, the World Serpent, Jörmungandr, was an ouroboros. Odin prophesized that Jörmungandr, the serpent child of Loki, would become problematic and had it thrown into the sea. The serpent grew so large it coiled around Midgard (Earth) and swallowed its own tail
Slain by Apollo near Delphi, from Latin Python, from Greek Pythōn "serpent slain by Apollo," probably related to Pythō, the old name of Delphi. Pythein: "to rot," or from PIE *dhubh-(o)n-, from *dheub- "hollow, deep, bottom, depths," and used in reference to the monsters who inhabit them. Loosely used for "any very large snake,"
The Hurrians called it Mount Hazzi and considered it the home of their storm god Teshub.[7] The Hittites continued his worship, celebrating Teshub's victory over the sea in the Song of Kumarbi found in their capital Hattusa.[9] They also celebrated the mountain in its own right, naming it as a divine guarantor on their treaties and observing rites in its honor.
It also appears in the Hebrew Scriptures as Mount Zaphon (Hebrew: צפון Tsāfōn).[10][n 1] In ancient Canaanite religion, Mount Sapan was sometimes accounted as the home of all the gods, not only Baʿal and his sister. As Mount Zaphon, it appears in that role in the Hebrew Scriptures' Book of Isaiah, along with the Mount of the Congregation.[16] From its importance and its position at the northern end of Canaan, it also became a metonym and then the word for the direction "north" in the Hebrew language.
Both Namni[3] and Ḫazzi were deified mountains, and their names could be written with the determinatives dingir or ḪUR.SAG.[4] They functioned as a dyad[5] and commonly appear together in known sources.[6] In texts from the Bogazköy Archive, they are almost always mentioned as a pair.[7] Ḫazzi was the divine representation of Jebel al-Aqra (historically known as Saphon and Cassius as well).[8] Namni might have represented the Anti-Cassius,[9][2] though the name has also been interpreted as one of the peaks of Jebel al-Aqra itself.[10] The breve under the first consonant of the former name is sometimes omitted in modern transcriptions, leading to the use of the spelling Hazzi.[2] Namni could also be referred to as Nanni.[11] However, in an offering list from Mari the theonym Nanni might be a variant of Nanaya instead,[12] though identification with the mountain god is supported by Jean-Marie Durand.
Under various forms, worship continued through antiquity, when it was called Mount Casius (Greek: Κασιος, Kasios; Latin: Casius Mons; Armenian: Կասիոս Լեռ, Gassios Ler) and lay 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) north of Posideium (modern Ras al-Bassit). Even closer, the earliest Hellenic foothold in the Levant lies at the beach on its northern flank at Al Mina. Here Euboeans and Cypriotes experienced some of their earliest on-site experience of northwest Semitic cultures, from the early eighth century BCE onwards. "The Hittite name persisted in neo-Hittite culture into the ninth century [BCE] and so when Greeks settled on the north side of Mount Hazzi they continued to call its main peak 'Mount Kasios'", Lane Fox points out, observing that it was the Mount Olympus of the Near East.[20]
When kings and emperors climbed Mount Kasios to sacrifice at its peak sanctuary, it was a notable cultural occasion. Seleucus I Nicator sought there the advice of Zeus in locating his foundation, a Seleuceia (one of many) on the coast. Coins struck there as late as the first century BCE still show the city's emblem, the thunderbolt, sometimes placed upon the cushion of a throne. In the winter of 114/15 CE Trajan was spared in a major earthquake that struck Antioch; commemorative coins were struck featuring the shrine of Zeus Kasios, with its pointed roof on pillars, and a representation of its rounded sacred stone, or betyl.[22] Trajan's adoptive son Hadrian accompanied him; he returned in 130 AD to scale the mountain at night, no doubt, Lane Fox remarks, to witness the rising of the sun, visible for several minutes from the peak, while the land below lay still in darkness; it was said later that a thunderbolt at the peak struck the animal he was about to sacrifice. In spring 363 the last pagan emperor, Julian, scaled the mountain, where he had an epiphanic vision of Zeus Kasios, according to his friend and correspondent Libanius.[citation needed]
Greek theophoric names Kassiodora and Kassiodorus,[23] equally a "gift of Kasios", recall a vow of one or both parents made to ensure fertile conception.[24]
Christian hermits were drawn to the mountain; Barlaam challenged its demons by founding a monastery near the treeline on its eastern slopes, and Simeon Stylites the Younger stood for forty years on a pillar near its northern flanks until his death in 592.
The cult site is represented by a huge mound of ashes and debris, 180 feet (55 m) wide and 26 feet (7.9 m) deep, of which only the first 6 feet (1.8 m) have been excavated. Archaeologists only reached as far as the Hellenistic strata before the site was closed, as it lies in a Turkish military zone on its border with Syria.[7]
Namni and Ḫazzi were two mountain gods who belonged to the Hurrian pantheon. They are usually mentioned together in known texts. Ḫazzi corresponds to Jebel al-Aqra, while the identification of the mountain Namni represented is disputed. Both of them belonged to the court of the Hurrian weather god, Teššub, and it is possible they were worshiped alongside him in Aleppo. They are also attested in a variety of Hurrian and Hittite religious texts. They do not play an active role in known myths of Hurrian origin, though allusions to a conflict involving them have been identified in texts dealing with other deities.
In western Hurrian tradition Namni and Ḫazzi were associated with the weather god Teššub.[9][2] Daniel Schwemer has informally described them as his "sidekicks".[14] Seals and reliefs showing an armed weather god straddling two mountains, multiple examples of which are known from Syria and Anatolia, are usually presumed to depict Namni and Ḫazzi.[15]
@@HistorywithCy Anothet great video as always! 👌🏻
This is so awesome. Thank you so much for covering this topic!
Glad you enjoyed it... stay tuned for the next installment coming out in a couple days.
Hell yes! Always so stoked when you drop a new one!🎉❤
Thanks, means a lot that you enjoy these... stay tuned for the rest, coming out in the next few weeks. Thanks for watching!
@HistorywithCy Woo Hoo! Thank YOU so much for all these wonderful videos, I really appreciate the history and your format!
@@tillybillyboyboy Thanks!
I love learning about the ancient Persians. Such a fascinating and mysterious civilization. I hope to visit Persepolis and Susa someday. Thanks again Cy for bringing us such riveting and well produced content. 🏛️🙏
Yes, agreed. I've been to Persepolis and Pasargadae, but never Susa... would love to go as it is one of the most ancient continuously inhabited cities in history. Thanks for watching, really appreciate it!
Nice, the Greco-Persian Wars are one of the most fascinating wars in history. It's one of the historical events that initially piqued my interest in Ancient history. I'm sure I'm not alone on that one.
I've been reading recently that there may not have been an actual Medean empire as outlined by Herodotos. According to what we can glean from Persian history/archaeology, it doesn't seem like there was a centralized state that constituted a Medean Empire as Herodotos purports; I guess that makes sense that Herodotos might mistake a large tribal confederation in the past for a de facto Empire given the remoteness of time & locale.
Yeah I've read that too and someone put out a video recently (I think it was Historian's Craft) that there was no such thing. I haven't seen the video yet so I can't comment on that but I think it depends a bit on one's point of view as to what constitutes as empire. From what I've studied the Medes had more of a loose federation of vassal kingdoms where they were at the head, which was similar to what many believe the Elamites and other Bronze Age "empires" also had throughout much of their history (Hittite Empire during the Bronze Age also had this type of set up though more formal). The Iron Age empires of Mesopotamia, like that of the Assyrians, were much more centralized where many of the vassal kingdoms, especially rebellious Aramean ones, were reorganized into provinces with a strong governor or regional authority ruling on behalf of the king/emperor. The Medes, who as far as we can tell had been mostly nomads living on the fringes of the Neo-Assyrian Empire until they helped to overthrow the latter, were newcomers onto the political scene and concept of a centralized "empire" was still relatively new to them, unlike in Mesopotamia. I'm of the belief that the Medes were in the process of transforming their state into something similar to what the Neo-Assyrian or neighboring Babylonian empires had. This though was made difficult because there was no written Median language, which is why we don't have any written documentation of Median administrative activity. It's interesting that the Persians also didn't have their own written language until the reign of Darius I, who had a cuneiform style script developed for the Old Persian language. Before that (and for the rest of the Achaemenid period) Elamite scribes were the ones who took care of recordkeeping and administration of the Persian state. I think a big disadvantage archaeologists have when it comes to the Medes is that what remains of their capital of Ecbatana lies beneath the streets of modern Hamadan, and so even if there was a Median archive (whether in Aramaic, Elamite or another language) it is probably lost to us and the chances of finding one are now slim. Just my opinion... great points though and thanks for sharing. I'll research this more and maybe come out with a new Mede video in the near future.
@@HistorywithCytbh the same people that will claim the medes didnt have an empire will use the term hunnic empire to refer to the huns
@@HistorywithCy Yeah, it might have been that video that prompted me to look into it a bit more, actually. I definitely was not intending to 'refute' anything in the video; you're just presenting Herodotos & even give a disclaimer that we should use a bit of skepticism when interpreting his accounts, and, anyway, the Medeans, like in Herodotos, are kind of just a background to set the scene for the Achaemenid rise to power.
I agree fundamentally it's a complex concept. Interpretations of what constitutes an empire, a kingdom, or a confederation, or a league, is honestly pretty tough. I mean, a lot of the attached terminology is far more modern than what would have been used in the epoch, and we have our own connotations to them. For example, how accurate is the term 'King' really for a lot of these bronze, iron age, and classical antique figures-- terms like King & Empire/eror often come to us complete with all their medieval & early-modern baggage.
And then, questions of centralization are always difficult, to go a bit out of scope again, most medievalists agree that the concept of 'absolute monarchy' is not really accurate to what even the most centralized medieval Kings actually wielded in terms of executive force. There is a lot of interpretation/contention as to what constitutes being able to act completely of your own accord, for example.
Anyway an interesting idea. Honestly, it's a fascinating subject and for full disclosure I'm not as knowledgeable on the subject as I'd like. But, I think interpreting how bronze age & iron age states organized themselves is no easy task. It's not like there is anything equivalent even to Aristotle's accounts of certain Greek city states' constitution etc., so it requires a lot of interpretation.
On the other hand, sometimes I feel like to some extent we are splitting hairs. Of course I think it's interesting to get more modern interpretations, but at the same time I do tend to want to just take our ancient sources as they are at some level. I don't know, maybe just me.
No not all, I like hearing other opinions and examining new information. There's so much we don't know and it's good to have some skepticism. I need to examine these new theories in more depth. Thanks again for your feedback and stay tuned for the rest coming out in the next few weeks.
@@HistorywithCy Thanks, I look forward to it !
heck yeah my favorite channel strikes again! we love it thanks a bunch for sharing with us Big Dog!
My pleasure, hope you enjoy and stay tuned for the rest of the series, coming out in the next few weeks.
A riveting account of these histories.
I await in anticipation for part 2!
Working on it! Thanks for watching, really appreciate it!
So well done. This channel keeps getting better
Thanks, glad you enjoyed this... just released the 2nd part today, hope you enjoy that as well. Thanks for watching and your support, really appreciate it!
Such an iconic period of history covered by one of my favorite history TH-camrs! Thank you for this!
God be with you out there, everybody. ✝️ :)
Bedankt
Cy drops a video right as I start History of the Peloponnesian War Vol. I… There can’t be more perfect timing.
Will do more on the Peloponnesian War in early 2025 as soon as this series ends. Thanks for watching!
Excellent. I am looking forward to the second part
Will be out later on this month... as always, thanks for tuning in!
Man i love the other history channels but your selection of maps and pictures are the best...subscribed
Thanks, glad you enjoyed it and welcome to the channel! Stay tuned for part III coming out hopefully next week. Thanks for watching!
@@HistorywithCy cant wait!...hope in the future you can make videos about Carthage specially about Hannibal and his father Hamilcar
*Finally* got a chance to watch this, another banger Cy. I have to admit I enjoyed you concluding on Darius' single-minded determination to go after Athens. His version of "Ceterum censeo Carthaginem esse delendam" :-)
Haha yes... quite an iconic passage from Herodotus. The next few episodes will have more famous lines... perhaps the MOST famous uttered by Leonidas (you probably known which one I'm referring to but I won't give it away here). As always, thanks for constantly tuning in, really means a lot. Stay tuned for the rest of the series!
Honestly amazing work, how is this free!
Hope you enjoy it and thanks for watching!
As always, great presentation, very professional. Full of content that keeps the viewer engaged. Top notch quality. No doubt a lot of time and work has gone into the making of this video, so it's understandable the creator wouldn't mind possible compensation. To that point, there are so many ads constantly interrupting the finish product is unwatchable.
Thanks for the feedback, really appreciate it. With regard to the ads, I just turn the monetization on but don't place them... TH-cam does that. I apologize for this... I've noticed that I get more ads during the holiday season (and during the election with a political ad every two minutes!). I'm not sure if this will lessen after the holidays or stay the same. Anyway, thanks for watching, appreciate it.
Wow❤❤ i need this knowledge!!
Ah, I've been playing through this on AOE2's new dlc. Thank you for providing a well timed historical background on this
Yeah you know I didn't even know they had a new version out. I haven't played any version of AoE for probably 15 years by now. I looked up the trailer on YT and it looks like something I'd want to play...think I'll check it out during the holidays. Anyway, hope the video helped provide some historical context and thanks for watching!
Outstanding! I have to share this one
Thanks, please do! Appreciate it and thanks for watching!
I saw part 2 available, how’d I miss this?! Love it!
Amazing work Cy - many thanks for this fascinating vid 🍻! Keep up the fine output 👌!
Thanks, appreciate the kind words and thanks for watching!
I love all your videos. I love history I can't get enough. W video CY
My pleasure, glad you're enjoying these and stay tuned for more!
Excellent you’ve taken on the Cecil b DeMille epic conflict. I have my popcorn and I’m ready for the show thanks Cy!
Thanks and hope you enjoyed it... stay tuned for more!
New Cy! Wonderful ❤❤❤
Thanks, hope you enjoy it!
Listening to this while olaying the new Age of Empires 2 DLC about the greco Persian war
Honestly, I didn't even know about this... the last time I played Age of Empires was like 15 years ago. I just looked up the trailer and it definitely is my type of game! I'm going to check it out for sure! Thanks for watching and hope the video gives some context to the game.
Thank you so much Cy!
My pleasure, thanks for watching!
Thank you for dedicating so much of your life to the study of this area of the map and making these videos to relay it to others Cy. I watch many channels that specialize in certain time periods or areas and this is my go-to for the Middle East and Eurasia
Thanks, glad you're enjoying the content! Lot more on these subjects coming in 2025. Will continue and finish up this series, then the Peloponnesian War, some stuff on Assyria and Mesopotamia, Achaemenid Iran, Alexander and hopefully some of the Hellenistic kingdoms, especially my favorite, the Seleucids. Oh, and Ptolemaic Egypt as well. Stay tuned and thanks for watching and the support!
great stuff
Glad you enjoyed it and thanks for watching!
Long Cy vid. Its now a good day!
Longer ones (and a few shorter) are on the way, stay tuned and thanks for watching!
The GOAT is back!
Thanks, I'm honored and stay tuned for the 2nd part!
One time Herodotus expresses disbelief is when he is told that when you sail far south around Africa, you'll see the sun in the north.
Hell ya this is what we want. Great to succeed the Egyptian series 👍
The next vid in the Egypt series will also feature the Achaemenids... I guess we're just at that point in the timeline on the channel. Thanks for watching, really appreciate it!
@@HistorywithCyalways. Love the total war footage 👍
Wauw Cy spectacular, thank you so much
Wish you all the best from the Netherlands
Wow, heading towards the Peloponnesian war🤗 And a lot of Herodotus, Thank you!!
Yes, the Peloponnesian War series (a new one) will be right after this...and I promise to have it all complete sooner this time. As always, thanks for watching!
"Herodotus could not hold the attention of the youth of his day without a little embelleshing, even a 58 minute video describing historical fact would not keep them engaged enough to put down their phones"
Plutarch's criticisms of Herodotus are mainly that he is TOO truthful! He's mad that Herodotus doesn't twist the facts to make his subjects look heroic the way Plutarch does, ranting about how the moral impact of your work is more important than the truth. His reasons Herodotus is "malicious" are the reasons he is my favorite ancient historian.
Yeah you know, every time I reread Herodotus, I gain more respect for him. When I was young - I think partly because my teacher was biased against him - I just assumed he was more of a storyteller and less of a historian. But the more I reread and appreciate what he's done, I become more of a fan of his. Like for this series - I basically reread 75% of Historia again and came up with new insights that had eluded me in the past. Anyway, thanks for watching, really appreciate it... stay tuned for more, including Herodotus!
@@HistorywithCy - I even think his "list every source he came across" approach is more historian-like than Thucydides "just present one source and never mention your sources" approach. Especially when the ones Herodotus says are really unlikely in his view turn out to be the correct ones half the time x_x
Dude Herodotus reputation is totally undeserved. I used to think he's a fraud but the mainstream opinion on him is so outdated. So many times things that were considered outlandish claims have been confirmed.
Also about Plutarch he's work is 90 percent propaganda. No wonder he didn't like actual historians.
He's the one who writes about Spartans practicing infanticide which was completely bs.
The favourite topic of my childhood
Mine too... I've been meaning to put out something like this for a while. Hope you enjoy it!
Brilliant. And a cliffhanger to boot.
Oh, just wait until the next one... I think every episode will end off with some sort of cliffhanger. As always, thanks for watching!
I will always chicken my head whenever I think of the old way I learned to pronounce Darius. Like the modern pronunciation. It was a big let down when I learned the right way to say it. I thought it was humorous how you have all these guys with epic sounding names. Then you have ol’ Darius that lives down the street and fixes cars. 😂
Edit: Also thank you for reading the quotes and really integrating them into your narrative. It’s really adds a personal touch to your storytelling. Some channels just put it on the screen for a couple of seconds and/or talk over it.
Right on time..☺️
Enjoy!
Great work!
Thanks, glad you liked it!
Now, I happen to know that you are a fan of a certain French-Canadian-Iranian and his music, and I can't help but notice that the background music sounds veeeery familiar.
Yup, his work is definitely represented in this video... brings the story alive in my opinion. I'm a huge fan of his. If you want to see which songs have been used, check out the video description. Thanks for watching/listening.
Excellent video
Thanks, glad you liked it!
on to part 2.
excelsior!
Working on it at warp speed! Stay tuned and thanks for watching!
@@HistorywithCy aye aye Captain Cy!
It's worth noting how divided was Greece during these two Persian wars. That's sth often not highlighted. This is by no means the union that led a campaign under Alexander.
1)Macedonia was under Persian control after the first Persian war.
2) asia minor colonies already enslaved
3) notable cities in Greece like Thebes allied with Persians
4) magna Grecian colonies fighting among themselves so Greece lacking help from important colonies like Tarentum, locri, rhegium)
5)Syracuse one of the biggest greek city states unable to help because they had conflict with Carthage
It's crazy how fragmented the Greek side was all the while Persians had like a dozen different countries unified under their control.
Yes, we'll see that in future program and all the Greek states that "medized" and fought with Xerxes. Stay tuned and thanks for watching!
Dude deserves 1 million subs. Hit that like button and make this video pop
Thanks, appreciate the support! Slowing getting there...
Glad you like the content and thanks for watching!
Hey could you do an episode on the eluesinian
Mysteries ??
Imagine if we could have democracy like the Athenians and not elections like the Spartans. Aristotle left us this message and obligation from this golden era of humanity.
Sweet video but it's non stop ads for some reason, really takes the wind out out the sails.
Nice timing with the Aoe2 Persian Wars DLC!
I need to play this game... looks really cool. Thanks for watching, really appreciate it!
Many people don’t realise that Cy is “catalyst of Yule” and he brings holiday presents and a Yule log and kicks off the holiday season.
Thank you Cy! King of kings!
You're welcome, thank YOU for watching!
Good history
this video is really well-made and informative, great job! however, i can't help but wonder if the portrayal of the Persians is a bit too favorable. i mean, while their rise was impressive, the way they handled the Ionian revolt seems glossed over. what do you all think?
Can't wait till the part where leather underwear clad Spartans fight disfigured ninjas in slo-motion 😂
Lol no, this one will be different...
Who is here after AOE2:Battle For Greece DLC?
Herodotus, grandfather of all content creators.
I wish we knew so much more about the Neo-Assyrian, Median and Achaemenid conquests. They're the link between the major Bronze Age kingdoms/city-states, and the larger Hellenic/Phonecian kingdoms and Roman/Parthian empires. Cyrus and Darius get less attention than Phillip and Alexander but are just as impressive to me.
You're in luck because a lot of 2025 will be devoted to all of the topics you just mentioned. Will finish up this series, then do a new one on the Peloponnesian War, Alexander the Great, some of the Hellenistic kingdoms, and in between a big one on the Assyrian and Achaemenid empires. I want to finish up a lot of this in 2025 so that I can start some topics of later antiquity by the end of next year, though I'll still do some Bronze Age content in between. Thanks for watching and stay tuned!
@@HistorywithCy you got great stuff man I'm so glad I committed to the history algorithm years ago. Would have never found half the channels I follow now.
I hope you do a video about where Ionian Dorian mixolidian aeolian Phrygian Lydian and the other scales come from… wait. Modes? Music.
Haha you'll have to check @FaryaFaraji for that. He has some great documentaries on the history of different types of music...goes really deep in to modes and scales in some of them. Thanks for watching, appreciate it!
@ thanks man. Great work as always. I’ll have to check that out.
@ awe man. Faraji is awesome thanks
Yes , all from Greek sources and usually we were learned to sympathise them and blame Persians as aggressive. Kinda one direction approach. In fact Persians have so many lands already they needed to hold it rather than conquer the new ones.
they were demanding subjugation. just because they offered amicable terms doesnt mean they werent trying to conquer the greeks.
@@cal2127they did conquer the greeks in turkey and most of european greece
Well invading a foreign country is the definition of being aggressive. And they had invaded like a dozen different countries by that point so yes they were kinda aggressive!
@GothPaoki punitive for continental Greeks supporting Ionian uprising.
Punitive? To the guys they already had enslaved? Are you trolling???
Dude you haven't even finished the Peloponnesian war!
Yes, but there's a reason for that... since that last episode of that series I've visited Greece a couple times and some relevant sites, including Amphipolis last month (saw Brasidas' grave!). After that first visit I thought to myself that I wanted to make it more than just a podcast and really go in greater depth. So, and I PROMISE... as soon as this series is done I'll get back to that and release them in much more rapid succession so that you don't have to wait a long time in between episodes. You heard/read it here first! Thanks for your interest in the subject and stay tuned!
@@HistorywithCythanks Cy I also had that question!
Greeks and Persians,once an enemy, friends for millennials since then. As Greeks, hope to see them free at last
Herodotus seems to ascribe to the Great Man of History theory, whereby history is more influenced by the machinations of great men such as Aristagoras (no idea if I'm spelling that right), rather than to the thousands of Athenians and Ionians who actually attempted to overthrow Persian rule.
"By Zeus! His head came clear off!
great video! i will say this though, alot of anatolia was indepdent of the persians, psidians, paphlagonians, mysian tribes, republics like sinope and trapezos etc.
Yeah Anatolia is a big place... hard to keep control of all of it! If you're interested the subject, there a good book by Elspeth Dusinberre called "Empire, Authority and Autonomy in Achaemenid Anatolia" that you might want to check out. Goes in good depth in the topic. Anyway, thanks for watching, really appreciate it!
Yessssss
The Hoi Polloi requests and Cy delivers!
I would apply the principal of embarrassment: why would Athenians like Herotodus lie about a treaty that they themselves later reneged on, thus making them look like provocators while the Spartans look sane and wise?
Persian Achaemenids lasted for 200+ years, why always talk about their downfall?
Hi. I'm not sure what you mean... this video deals mostly with events that took place when the Achaemenids were at or near their height. The conquest of the Persian Empire by Alexander is still 160 years in the future from the end of this video. There's a lot of great history about the Achaemenids to cover in between. Thanks.
id be so proud of myself if i marched 1200 miles and survived...id be too exhausted and sore to fight though lol
Aristagoras had a good plan, but forgot to calculate for Kurt Angle, who didn't even try against the Persians.
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With the little bit about Cyrus the Great's proper name, I can't help but imagine how badly we've butchered some of the names in history
0:37 this cant be Cyrus the great. He didn't have Egypt in his lifetime in order to receive the hemhem crown.
True, he also didn't have wings either. The reason why people believe it is supposed to have been a depiction of Cyrus the Great is because there was an Old Persian inscription written above it that said something like "Cyrus, an Achaemenid." So scholars assume it might have meant to have been a depiction of him perhaps created at the time of Cambyses or Darius. The inscription definitely came after Cyrus' death because the Old Persian cuneiform script was invented during the reign of Darius I. Anyway thanks for watching, appreciate it and hope you enjoyed it.
@@HistorywithCyI can see why the succesing Persian kings loved Cyrus II. He was to them what Genghis Khan was to the Mongols. Xerxes and Kublai Khan may have ruled their empires at their peak but they didn't initiate their empires so because of that they have less influence and adulation in the annals of history.
14:28 "Before we continue further, I'd like to say a bit about our sponsor, Raid: shadow legends"
haha they were actually a sponsor to one of my earliest videos a few years ago... I think the one on the Sumerian King List. It was a fun ad to make. Anyway thanks for watching, appreciate it!
In *nowadays* central Turkey... not in central Turkey.
A lot of speculation and far too much that we simply don't know or understand.
But such is history.
True... there are limited facts based on the sources we have. Such is history the further back in time we go. Thanks for watching!
@@HistorywithCy
I've read Herodotus, (I tried to learn Classical Greek but but despite the best efforts a very dedicated teacher when I lived in Oxford I couldn't manage it; it's bloody difficult,) and a lot of other Classical Period stuff too and I think your making a damn good fist of it and making a very useful and accessible contribution.
There's fair bit of stuff here that's either new to me or that you've made clearer.
Thank you.
Spartans! Prepare for Glory!
Spartans go home! We got our ees whooped! Aooo aooo aooo!
@TheMasterofDisaster48 😂😂😂😂
Spartans lost lol
@@Kurdish20226 but the Greeks still won the war
@@Chase_baker_1996 Actually they didn't win the battle, Alexander is not Greek, hellenised in culture but not Greek. Xerxes took mainland Greece. And then him or his succesor Artaxerxes lost it years later. But Greece still payed tribute to Artaxerxes so that the Persians dont try to invade them anymore. And paying tribute is a sign of subjugation.
Cy the Great!! 😂 ❤
I read greco-persian wares and I thought this would be about the vases lmao
lol... yeah that is a funny looking letter s. Thanks for watching!
Are you going to talk about Darius he's connected to maybe our character in the Quran his name is khidr he have to do with the story of gog and magog.
And have two names one had to do, with like two horns cuz he wear the helmet with two horns. we Believe Darius was a monotheist before the religion he followed changed over time. by the man's hands of changing religion.
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116th
Naram-Sin of Akkad had a bigger empire than Cambyses II. It wasnt until Darius that the Persian empire became bigger than the Akkadian empire. And then the Persian empire would get superseded by the Ummayd empire.
We Greeks Should of sent our WOMEN TO FIGHT the Persians it might have been fairer...BUT..I DON'T THINK SO....😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂
Darius the great=the sealer of Gog and Magog, the threat that is worse than the Anti-Christ.
I recently fell asleep watching something and TH-cam was automatically starting to play documentary videos as each one ended,when I woke up, in the video that was playing, somebody was discussing the theory that the Norse God Odin originated from a real person or a group of people,the theory suggests that there is was a mutation in genes that allows the host person(s) to survive bubonic plague,considering the estimates are 30%-60% European population and 33% of the Middle East population,a group of persons with the ability to survive this would have seemed pretty Godlike and thus the origins of various Gods come into being,apparently there is such a mutation which has been documented, I was just wondering if anyone had heard of this documentary / theory ? I’ve searched my history on TH-cam and hunted high and low but can find absolutely nothing,if anyone knows about it or comes across it ( and can navigate back to this comment section ) then I’d be very grateful,I’m 100% sure I didn’t dream it and the theory sounded very plausible and very interesting. Just thought I’d ask,you never know 🥷🙏🏻
Thanks Cy ,great content as usual 🫡