GIJ / GE / GULLE - Flemish pronouns!
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 9 ม.ค. 2020
- Did you know that Flemish uses the informal pronouns "gij/ge/gulle" in spoken language? If you don't, this video is something for you. If you do, you probably don't know how to use them or how the verb conjugation works, in which case this video is also something for you. It's a win-win situation, als ge 't mij vraagt! ;-)
===
Did this video help you? Then chip in to support my coffee addiction! www.buymeacoffee.com/Ws2tfIPKp
Get a free class on italki: www.italki.com/i/BDe6ca?hl=en-us
& book a class with me: www.italki.com/teacher/2418378/
For more interesting articles about Dutch grammar, vocabulary and study tips go to my blog: dutch-and-go.com/
Facebook: / dutchengo
Check out my other channel "Het Vlaamse Woord Van De Week" to learn words commonly used in Belgium: / @hetvlaamsewoordvandew...
![[SUB] 베몬이 교관님 멘탈을 탕탕 후루후루~٩(๑❛ᴗ❛๑)۶ FOREVER 웃게 되는 갓기들의 수련회 | 돌들의침묵 | BABYMONSTER(베이비몬스터) 'FOREVER'](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/FISAO7BwIxE/mqdefault.jpg)
I think gulle is used mostly in the Aantwerp dialect. It sounds really dialectal here in Flemish Brabant, we mostly use ge for the plural as well, similar to you in English
Gulle is indeed not so common as gij and ge, which are more restricted to certain areas (Antwerp most).
Wow, this is good as it makes it easier for those of us foreign learners who are focusing on the Flemish standard rather than the Netherlands' Dutch.
do they use any dialect in Opwijk area?
Are there any questions about how to use gij, ge and gulle? Have you ever heard them being used in a conversation?
it seems to be very common in the spoken language.
interestingly, the object form of ge/gij/gulle and all other variations of it is u, and your is uw.
this seems to be a parallel of the phenomenon in English where the object plural form "you" sort of overtook the pronouns ye, thou, thee.
I don't agree at all.. Gulle is truely a dialect from the Kempen in Antwerp. It's quite local used. No one else in Flanders uses this. I would roll my eyes if someone else comes with "gulle". I would rather use "ge allemaal" (as in "wilt ge allemaal volgen?") if I truely needed the plural.
Indeed, in Leuven I think we use gelle (and ulle when it isn't the subject).
do they use any dialect in Opwijk area?
But why is the city of Gent pronounced differently, like "ghent"?
Ik ben meer "gullie" of "gellie" gewend in de tussentaal van Belgen in plaats van "gulle". Daarnaast kom ik "ge/gij" vaker voor dan de meervoudsvorm (wordt ietwat vaker "jullie"). Bij ons in zuidelijk Nederland komt het in gesproken standaardtaal veel minder vaak voor, maar het bestaat nog wel. Van oorsprong komt het bij ons voor in de zuidelijke Achterhoek, de streek bij Nijmegen, het oostelijke Nederlandse rivierengebied, Noord-Limburg en geheel Noord-Brabant.
Aha, interessant. Ja, het hangt ervan af. Ik heb voor "gulle" gekozen omdat het zo prominent in het Antwerps voorkomt en omdat je de Antwerpse variatie van tussentaal heel vaak op televisie en op de radio hoort dus waarschijnlijk zouden mijn studenten dat woord vaker horen. Dat was de logica.
More often i hear not “werkt ge hier” or “zijt ge X” but something like “werkd’e hier” and “zijd’e X”.
That's true. There are basically two ways of using this gij-form. If you have a sentence without inversion the normal form is used:
ge werkt or gij werkt (emphasized)
If your sentence is inverted you can use both the normal and the other form:
normal: werkt ge or werkt gij (emphasized)
other: werkte or werkte gij (emph...)
Sometimes you should avoid the other form to avoid confusion. Meende gij da nu, can mean both "do you really mean that" and "did you really mean that"
@@puntypunty8847strong form: gij [ɣɛɪ]
weak formː ɡe [ɣə]
strong form: zij [zɛɪ]
weak formː ze [zə]
strong form: mij [mɛɪ]
weak formː me [mə]
strong form: jij [jɛɪ]
weak formː je [jə]
strong form: dij [dɛɪ]
weak formː de [də] ???
@@ramamonato5039 Well, in modern Dutch weak forms of personal pronouns have developed alongside their normal forms. The dij-pronoun, which in middle Dutch was the accusative and dative of du (2person singular) , had already fallen out of use before the aforementioned weaker forms developed in Dutch. Maybe at some point during the history of the Dutch language 'de' could've been a weak form of du, but it would be hard to know. Both the weak forms of pronouns and the du-form were considered non-standard for a long period in Dutch history, which limited their use to non-standard works, which were rare back in the day.
In Limburgish and Brabantian dialects, the de-form appeared as a weakened form of the du-pronoun. In Brabantian this form is only still used in inverted sentences, about Limburgish I'm not sure but I'm gonna assume this is also the case. See some examples below:
First standard Dutch:
(strong) Ben jij groot?
(weak) Ben je groot?
Brabantian and parts of East-Flanders and Limburg (note: the form was preserved but mostly serves as an alternative to ge/gij in inversed sentences. Thus it also has the ge/gij-verb endings minus the t instead of the original du-endings) These forms are still widely used today in the mentioned regions. :
(strong) Zijde gij groot?
(weak) Zijde groot?
Limburgish (Only in certain eastern regions and only by the elderly speakers. In the Netherlands it is still more prominent, I think) These sentences are from the Eisdens dialect. I'm not sure how to write the vowels. :
(strong) Bistich gr??t (bist+dich) older also :bistu
(weak) Biste gr??t (bist + de)
All these sentences can be translated as:
Are you tall?
The only other remnant of the du/dij/dijn-form I know appears in the expression "Het verschil tussen mijn en dijn niet kennen", translated as "To know not the difference between what is mine and what is thine"
@@puntypunty8847 Oh I see. Thank thee, @punty punty.
Het is niet de straf eenes regters , maar de kastijding eenes liefderijken Vaders , die gij ondervindt , wanneer God u met rampen bezoekt .
CONJUGATION OF ZIJN (PRESENT TENSE-INDICATIVE MOOD)
ik/'k ben
wij/we zijn/z'n
gij/ge zijt
jullie zijn/z'n
hij/'ie is
zij/ze is
het/'t is
zij/ze zijn/z'n
CONJUGATION OF ZIJN (PAST TENSE-INDICATIVE MOOD)
ik/'k was
wij/we waren
gij/ge wast
jullie waren
hij/'ie was
zij/ze was
het/'t was
zij/ze waren
CONJUGATION OF ZIJN (PRESENT TENSE-SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD)
ik/'k zij
wij/we ?
gij/ge zij
jullie ?
hij/'ie zij
zij/ze zij
het/'t zij
zij/ze ?
CONJUGATION OF ZIJN (PAST TENSE-SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD)
ik/'k ware?
wij/we ?
gij/ge waart
jullie ?
hij/'ie ware
zij/ze ware
het/'t ware
zij/ze ?
? = I do not know
"Gij wast" is wrong it's always "Gij waart"
@@puntypunty8847 "gij wast" is in past indicative mood, but "gij waart" is in past subjunctive mood. In English, we have the same words: thou wast vs thou wert.
thou wast = gij wast
thou wert = gij waart
@@ramamonato5039 No, gij wast has never been used in Dutch. Gij is like wij and zij a pronoun of which the indicative and subjunctive are always the same. Even in middle Dutch people said ghi wa(e)rt. You shouldn't compare thou and gij; they're not cognates. Thou's Dutch cognate would be du, which is still in use in some Limburgish dialects and in German. Gij is a cognate of you.
@@puntypunty8847 The word "thou" is the English version of "du". Germanic languages have that word for "you".
@@puntypunty8847 "thou" here means "you", not "though", short for "although".
Examples that I have found out via Google:
‘Geeft Ge in het geheel geen antwoord? Wat getuigen deze mensen tegen U?’
‘Zijt Gij de koning der Joden?’ Hij antwoordde hem: ‘Gij zegt het.’
Wow, that sounds archaic, is that from the Bible or something?
@@CouldBeMathijs Could be. In English, we usually use "thou" and "ye" when we want to say "you" in a poetic, literary way.
I don't think that it explained very well in this video that there are standardized rules for conjugating ge/gij. For regular verbs in present tense you simply always add a -t, just like if you were to conjugate 'u'.
Gij/ge loopt - loopt gij/ge?
Gij/ge wast - wast gij/ge?
...
Of course there some irregular verbs like:
Gij/ge zijt - zijt gij/ge?
Gij/ge moogt - moogt gij/ge?
Gij/ge hebt - hebt gij/ge?
...
But those you just have to learn by heart.
The past tense also isn't that difficult. Regular verbs you just conjugate the same as the 'je/jij' and 'u'.
Gij/ge waste
Gij/ge wandelde
...
For most irregular verbs you just add a -t.
Gij/ge werdt
Gij/ge hadt
Gij/ge liept
Gij/ge gingt
...
And then there are again some exceptions that you just have to learn.
Gij/ge waart
Gij/ge zaagt
...
And when it comes to the plural you can just use ge/gij as a plural. When you want to make it clear that you are using a plural you can say 'gij allemaal' or 'gij/ge allen' which in most of Flanders is often shortened to ge'llen. This combined with different accents creates the 'gulle' confusion.
Also the adding of the 'e' in the question is not standardized, but just added to make rapid speech easier. So it should never be written.
I also wanted to add that gij/ge can only be used as a subject. The object that correlates with gij/ge is 'u' and the corresponding possessive pronoun is 'uw'. That's why the following sentences can be informal in Flanders.
Ik zie u graag.
Er hangt iets aan uw jas.
Ik zal het doorgeven aan u.
...
To make the plural explicit you can again say 'u allemaal', 'u allen' or 'u'llen'.
@@the.ghost.in.the.library oooh and that explains why they mostly say 'dank u' instead of 'dank je'. thank you so much.
Je slaat de bal zo mis met 'gulle' ... dat is allesbehalve algemene Vlaamse tussentaal ...
Maar toch goeie video's hé voor niet-nederlandstaligen ;-)