Q1..Nerves related to thyroid gland:vagus nerve , superior laryngeal nerve (external laryngeal and internal laryngeal nerves ) , right recurrent laryngeal nerve , left recurrent laryngeal nerve. Q2..The cause of low pitched voice after thyroidectomy is that the surgeon has injured the external laryngeal nerve (maybe during the ligation of the superior thyroid artery ) so , the nerve supply to the cricothyroid muscle (responsible for the high pitched voice ) has been stopped. Q3..The cause of tetanic contraction in the hands and feet is hypocalcemia which is secondary to hypoparathyroidism due to damage of some or all of the parathyroid glands or their devascularization during thyroidectomy. Q4.. To stop the bleeding during thyroidectomy ,I think we can ligate the external carotid artery and the thyrocervical trunk. Q5..The cause of fixation of the thyroid may be the suspensory ligament rupture due to invasive malignancy in the thyroid gland.
اولا ما شاء الله شرح رااااائع وجميل يا دكتورنا ربنا يبارك الاجابات بقا 1-عندنا اتنين external laryngeal nerves و left and right recurrent laryngeal nerve 2-mostly external laryngeal nerve injury 3-due to removal of thyroid gland which has parathyroid glands embedded in it and also no calcitonin secreted because parafollicular C cells are removed 4- as an emergency situation he will try to close thyrocervical trunk or the subclavian artery if the bleeding is coming from inf thyroid artery, but if it is coming from sup thyroid artery, he will close the external carotid artery 5- the swelling increased which leads it to be dissected from the pretracheal facia, so no moving occurs و شكرا يا دكتورنا على مجهودات حضرتك💛
Q2) injury to external laryngeal nerve Q3) hyper secretion of calcitonin from c cells Q4)Embolization Q5)due to rupture of pretracheal fascia leading to the dis attatchments to the 2,3,4 tracheal rings
1- right and left recurrent larynegeal nerves, right and left external laryngeal nerves and vagi enveloped in carotid sheath. 2- it resulted from injury to external laryngeal nerve that innervates circothyroid muscle . 3- low levels of parathyroid hormone causes unregulated calcium levels. when Ca concentration is low it increases the membrane permeability to Na ions which increases the excitability of the nerve fibers and muscles so tetanus occur. 4- ligate external carotid artery just before superior thyroid artery 5- break down of pretracheal fascia
Q5-I think the cause of goiter is a cancerous tumor so An invasive thyroid malignancy may not move with swallowing if tethered to surrounding tissue. Is it true??! Q-4 ligation of external carotid or thyrocervical trunk Q-3 partial or complete removal of parathyroid glands Q-2 external laryngeal nerve injury which innervate the cricothyroid muscle Q-1 recurrent laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal nerve,vagus in carotid sheath and sympathetic trunk posterior to carotid sheath
First question: 1. Autonomic innervation to the thyroid gland (superior ganglion, inferior ganglion and middle ganglion) of cervical sympathetic ganglion. The inferior ganglion also forms a plexus around the inferior thyroid artery 2. The vagus nerves produce parasympathetic fibres. 3. External and recurrent laryngeal nerves. Second question: Because the external laryngeal nerve was damaged during the thyroidectomy (perhaps during the closure of the superior thyroid artery), the cricothyroid muscle, that produces the high-pitched voice, no longer receives nerve supply leads to low pitched voice. Third question: Tetanic contractions in the hands and feet are brought on by hypocalcemia, which results from thyroid surgery-related injury to the parathyroid gland or lack of parathormone. Fourth question: Surgeon should ligate the superior and inferior thyroid arteries during thyroidectomies to control bleeding. Fifth question: The thyroid gland's suspensory ligament rupture causes the pretrachial fascia and the second, third, and fourth tracheal rings to lose their attachment.
Q1 the gland have sympathetic nerve supply from superior, middle and inferior cervical ganglion and parasympathetic nerve supply from the 2external laryngeal nerves and the 2 inferior recurrent laryngeal nerves Q2 a loss of function of the cricothyroid muscle which is responsible for the high pitched voice due to a damage in the external laryngeal nerve which supplies the muscle leading to a low pitched voice. Q3 a removal of ultimobranchial body which gives para follicular C cells which secret the calcitonin hormone which balance the average of calcium in the body . This ca is important for muscle to do thier function a removal of ultimobranchial body lower the ca level leading to tetanic contraction of the muscles Q4 surgeon should block the the external carotid artery and the subclavian artery Q5 due loss of attachment between pretrachial fascia and 2th,3th and 4th tracheal ring due to advanced malignancy .
Q1 1- medial relations: recurrent laryngeal nerve in between trachea and oseophagus 2-external laryngeal nerve medially to superior thyroid artery which supply cricothyroid muscle Posterior relations: 3- vagus nerve inside carotid sheath 4-sympathatic trunk Q2 injury to external laryngeal nerve while ligating superior thyroid artery during thyroidectomy leading to paralysis of cricothyroid muscle Q3 may be due to removal of parathyroid glands( in posterior aspect of thyroid gland) leading to loss of secretion of parathormone ( ca raising hormone) leading to decrease blood ca level leading to tetanic contractions Q4 the surgeon can ligate right innominate artery and 1left External carotid a. (if bleeding from superior thyroid a.) or 2 subclvian artey ( if bleeding from inferior thyroid artery)
doctor are we doing ligation to arteries to stop the blood supply of the gland to prevent any hemorrhage ? or there is aonther reason? and what happens to those arteries after thyroidectomy? Thank you
دكتور لو سمحت في سؤال بالكتاب بتاع حضرتك انه which is true, وفي خيار the pretracheal fascia is a part of the deep fascia of the neck بس انت مش مختاره ؟؟
دكتور هو هل ال fate بتاع ال thyroglossal duct ان الجزء اللى فوق ال hyoid bone بيتحلل ماعدا عند ال foramen caceum و الجزء اللى تحت ال hyoid bone بيبقى مكونا ال levator glandula thyroidea ؟؟؟
هل الاجابة دي صح يا دكتور ؟ Tetanic contraction may be due to injury occurred to the ultimobranchial body which affect c- cells which produce calcitonin
شكرا علي جهدك و تعبك و تواضعك المستمر يا دكتور :) I have a question, I noticed that a goiter is very similar to a thyroglossal cyst is there a way to differentiate them conditions from an external point of view?
Q4. On ligation of the external carotid artery and the thyrocervical trunk in order to stop bleeding, won't it affect many other organs supplied by the same arteries?
1- I am not sure but I guess right and left recurrent laryngeal right and left external laryngeal & vagus & sympathetic trunk 2- superior laryngeal nerve is placed at risk during thyroidectomy 3- accidental removal of parathyroid 4- عاوزة اقول نقفل ال arch of aorta خالص بس مش عارفة كده المريض يموت ولا اي 5- مش عارفة دورت كتير مش لاقية بس ممكن لما يتحول ل cancer
Q1..Nerves related to thyroid gland:vagus nerve , superior laryngeal nerve (external laryngeal and internal laryngeal nerves ) , right recurrent laryngeal nerve , left recurrent laryngeal nerve. Q2..The cause of low pitched voice after thyroidectomy is that the surgeon has injured the external laryngeal nerve (maybe during the ligation of the superior thyroid artery ) so , the nerve supply to the cricothyroid muscle (responsible for the high pitched voice ) has been stopped. Q3..The cause of tetanic contraction in the hands and feet is hypocalcemia which is secondary to hypoparathyroidism due to damage of some or all of the parathyroid glands or their devascularization during thyroidectomy. Q4.. To stop the bleeding during thyroidectomy ,I think we can ligate the external carotid artery and the thyrocervical trunk. Q5..The cause of fixation of the thyroid may be the suspensory ligament rupture due to invasive malignancy in the thyroid gland.
جزاك الله خيرا وأسعدك في الدارين.
00:00 - Intro
00:36 - Anatomy
00:44 - Site
02:59 - Size
03:41 - Shape
04:00 - Parts
05:30 - Capsule
10:36 - Relations
18:15 - Arterial Supply
19:48 - Venous Drainage
21:38 - Venous Drainage
22:28 - Applied Anatomy
27:45 - Development
* نكمل هذا التعليق في الكورس الثاني عندما ناخذ الأجنة 😁
perfect
عاشت ايدك الدكتور ع الشرح
دائما وابدا افضل من يشرح الاناتومي بطريقة حلوي❤
تحياتى
ما شاء الله ربنا يباركلنا في حضرتك يا دكتور ويزيدك من علمه.....
حاجه فوق العظمه😍ربنا يبارك فى حضرتك يادكتور وينفع بعلمك يارب💙💙
محاضرات روعة..... انت مشكور جدا و ممتنون لك و لامثالك.. اخوك الدكتور حمزة من الجزاير
في الدقيقه ٢٥
المفروضso.inferior thyroid artery is ligated away from the basi of gland
وجزاك الله خيرا ي دكتورنا وجعله في ميزان حسناتك ❤️❤️❤️
الدقيقة 12:23 هنبدل superficially مكان deeply
شكراً يا دكتور في 46 دقيقه غيرت حياتي
Thanks for you so much Doctor 💙
ربنا يوفقك ويسعدك ويسهل عليك كل حياتك يا رب زي ما مسهل علينا الآنتومي💙💙💙
شرح رائع ❤❤
اولا ما شاء الله شرح رااااائع وجميل يا دكتورنا ربنا يبارك
الاجابات بقا
1-عندنا اتنين external laryngeal nerves و left and right recurrent laryngeal nerve
2-mostly external laryngeal nerve injury
3-due to removal of thyroid gland which has parathyroid glands embedded in it and also no calcitonin secreted because parafollicular C cells are removed
4- as an emergency situation he will try to close thyrocervical trunk or the subclavian artery if the bleeding is coming from inf thyroid artery, but if it is coming from sup thyroid artery, he will close the external carotid artery
5- the swelling increased which leads it to be dissected from the pretracheal facia, so no moving occurs
و شكرا يا دكتورنا على مجهودات حضرتك💛
@@Dr.Ayman_khanfour الف شكر يا دكتورنا تلميذ لحضرتك واعتز
الله ينور 💙💚💛🧡
Q2) injury to external laryngeal nerve
Q3) hyper secretion of calcitonin from c cells
Q4)Embolization
Q5)due to rupture of pretracheal fascia leading to the dis attatchments to the 2,3,4 tracheal rings
Q3..مش مفروض ال Tetany due to hypocalacemia ?
1- right and left recurrent larynegeal nerves, right and left external laryngeal nerves and vagi enveloped in carotid sheath.
2- it resulted from injury to external laryngeal nerve that innervates circothyroid muscle .
3- low levels of parathyroid hormone causes unregulated calcium levels. when Ca concentration is low it increases the membrane permeability to Na ions which increases the excitability of the nerve fibers and muscles so tetanus occur.
4- ligate external carotid artery just before superior thyroid artery
5- break down of pretracheal fascia
@@Dr.Ayman_khanfour Thanks professor no problem😂missing your beautiful lectures❤❤
باشا البلددد❤❤
شكرا حسام ربنا يبارك فيك و يحفظك
كل سنة وانت طيب يدكتور 💜
Q5-I think the cause of goiter is a cancerous tumor so An invasive thyroid malignancy may not move with swallowing if tethered to surrounding tissue. Is it true??!
Q-4 ligation of external carotid or thyrocervical trunk
Q-3 partial or complete removal of parathyroid glands
Q-2 external laryngeal nerve injury which innervate the cricothyroid muscle
Q-1 recurrent laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal nerve,vagus in carotid sheath and sympathetic trunk posterior to carotid sheath
この素晴らしい説明をありがとう、先生 ❤️
@@Dr.Ayman_khanfour يعني شكرا علي الشرح الرائع ❤️❤️❤️
@@Dr.Ayman_khanfour ربنا يسعدك❤️❤️❤️
حبيت صراحتك🤣
ربنا يكرمك يا دكتور ويجازيك عنا خير الجزاء ☺
Q-2 External laryngeal nerve injury
Q-3 remove of parathyroid gland which have important role of calcium metabolism
perfect
سبحان الله وبحمده سبحان الله العظيم
صلي الله علي محمد صلي الله عليه وسلم
جزاك الله خيرا يا دكتور
ربنا يكرمك يارب شكرا شكرا كل الحب ي دكتور بجظ
First question:
1. Autonomic innervation to the thyroid gland (superior ganglion, inferior ganglion and middle ganglion) of cervical sympathetic ganglion. The inferior ganglion also forms a plexus around the inferior thyroid artery
2. The vagus nerves produce parasympathetic fibres.
3. External and recurrent laryngeal nerves.
Second question:
Because the external laryngeal nerve was damaged during the thyroidectomy (perhaps during the closure of the superior thyroid artery), the cricothyroid muscle, that produces the high-pitched voice, no longer receives nerve supply leads to low pitched voice.
Third question:
Tetanic contractions in the hands and feet are brought on by hypocalcemia, which results from thyroid surgery-related injury to the parathyroid gland or lack of parathormone.
Fourth question:
Surgeon should ligate the superior and inferior thyroid arteries during thyroidectomies to control bleeding.
Fifth question:
The thyroid gland's suspensory ligament rupture causes the pretrachial fascia and the second, third, and fourth tracheal rings to lose their attachment.
انا جايلك من head and neck surgery❤❤
Q1 the gland have sympathetic nerve supply from superior, middle and inferior cervical ganglion and parasympathetic nerve supply from the 2external laryngeal nerves and the 2 inferior recurrent laryngeal nerves
Q2 a loss of function of the cricothyroid muscle which is responsible for the high pitched voice due to a damage in the external laryngeal nerve which supplies the muscle leading to a low pitched voice.
Q3 a removal of ultimobranchial body which gives para follicular C cells which secret the calcitonin hormone which balance the average of calcium in the body . This ca is important for muscle to do thier function a removal of ultimobranchial body lower the ca level leading to tetanic contraction of the muscles
Q4 surgeon should block the the external carotid artery and the subclavian artery
Q5 due loss of attachment between pretrachial fascia and 2th,3th and 4th tracheal ring due to advanced malignancy .
Very nice lecture Dr Ayman , I wonder if you can decrease the rate of Advertisements because it is very distracting
دكتور سؤال اذا متصير زحمة ❤
خلال عملية البلع عندما ترتفع ال larynx هل ترتفع معها ال trachea وال bronchi
Q1
1- medial relations:
recurrent laryngeal nerve in between trachea and oseophagus
2-external laryngeal nerve medially to superior thyroid artery which supply cricothyroid muscle
Posterior relations:
3- vagus nerve inside carotid
sheath
4-sympathatic trunk
Q2
injury to external laryngeal nerve while ligating superior thyroid artery during thyroidectomy leading to paralysis of cricothyroid muscle
Q3 may be due to removal of parathyroid glands( in posterior aspect of thyroid gland) leading to loss of secretion of parathormone ( ca raising hormone) leading to decrease blood ca level leading to tetanic contractions
Q4
the surgeon can ligate right innominate artery and
1left External carotid a. (if bleeding from superior thyroid a.)
or
2 subclvian artey ( if bleeding from inferior thyroid artery)
شرح جميييل اللهم بااارك 💕😍لو سمحت هو في شرح لhypothalamas
عظمه يا دكتور
شكرا جدا يا دكتور ❤️
ازيك ياسطا
@@MAVRO3D خش ذاكر الفيديو وانت ساكت ياض😂😂😂 لاعمل انصبسكريب😂😂
@@Sayuu99 😂😂يهون عليك تسوي انصبسقرايب
@@MAVRO3D ايوة عادي 😂
جزاك الله كل خير
Thanks a lot❤❤❤❤❤
You're welcome 😊
ماشي يعمنا ♥️♥️
✨ قدوتي ✨
Perfect💜💜💜
doctor are we doing ligation to arteries to stop the blood supply of the gland to prevent any hemorrhage ? or there is aonther reason? and what happens to those arteries after thyroidectomy?
Thank you
You have to break the psychological barrier to innovate
😆😁😄😃
Q5- can the swelling cause breakage of the pretracheal fascia causing the de-attachment of the thyroid gland to the 2nd,3rd and 4th tracheal rings?
Thank you so much❤️
Dr ayman, why is the answer external laryngeal nerve at 42:00?
@@Dr.Ayman_khanfour شكرا لحضرتك جدا يا دكتور ايمن 😁👍
ملك الملوك ❤️❤️
ملك الملوك الله وحده
دكتور ممكن يكون السؤال الخامس إن ممكن بسبب الswelling ال pretracheal fascia اتقطع 🤔🤔
دكتور لو سمحت في سؤال بالكتاب بتاع حضرتك انه which is true, وفي خيار the pretracheal fascia is a part of the deep fascia of the neck بس انت مش مختاره ؟؟
دكتور ايه الفرق بين thyroglossal fistula and thyroglossal sinus
شكرا جدا لحضرتك على الشرح الرائع 💚💚❤️❤️
دكتور هو هل ال fate بتاع ال thyroglossal duct ان الجزء اللى فوق ال hyoid bone بيتحلل ماعدا عند ال foramen caceum و الجزء اللى تحت ال hyoid bone بيبقى مكونا ال levator glandula thyroidea ؟؟؟
بشكر حضرتك جدا يا دكتور كان عندي سؤال بعد اذنك طبعا هو ال thyroid diverticulum هو دا ال thyroid bud ?
🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏شكرا
❤
❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️
دكتور هل جمله right inominate vein does not receive venous drainage from thyroid gland تعتبر صح؟ IJV is a tributary of right inominate?!!!
❤❤❤❤❤
هل الاجابة دي صح يا دكتور ؟
Tetanic contraction may be due to injury occurred to the ultimobranchial body which affect c- cells which produce calcitonin
Really no so sorry
*Anterlateral surface (middle part): superficially covered by sternohyoid and do not sternothyroid according to book
شكرا علي جهدك و تعبك و تواضعك المستمر يا دكتور :)
I have a question, I noticed that a goiter is very similar to a thyroglossal cyst is there a way to differentiate them conditions from an external point of view?
@@Dr.Ayman_khanfour شكرا جدا ليك يا دكتور :)
معلش ي دكتور ممكن تذكر اي ال موجود ف ال Carotid sheath
ابداع
Q4. On ligation of the external carotid artery and the thyrocervical trunk in order to stop bleeding, won't it affect many other organs supplied by the same arteries?
@@Dr.Ayman_khanfour My genuine thanks.
3:22
The largest gland in the body it’s the liver not the thyroid gland 👍🏻
I mean endocrine gland
يا دكتور النيرف الاساسي هو ال vagus صح؟
اللهم امين الف شكر ❤️
Perfect♥️
دكتور حضرتك فين محاضرة ال adrenal gland ?
❤️❤️
وبرضو في سؤال عن origin of thyroid gland وانت حكيت انه endodermal بس حاطط الجواب endo+meso
@@Dr.Ayman_khanfour thank you ❤️
دكتور لو سمحت هي اجابات الاسئله دي بتنزل فين وامته ؟
Dr. Ayman Khanfour شكرا يا دكتور
على اي جروب لو سمحت؟
@@Dr.Ayman_khanfour اي جروب يا دكتور
@@Dr.Ayman_khanfour شكرا لحضرتك يا دكتور
1- I am not sure but I guess right and left recurrent laryngeal right and left external laryngeal & vagus & sympathetic trunk
2- superior laryngeal nerve is placed at risk during thyroidectomy
3- accidental removal of parathyroid
4- عاوزة اقول نقفل ال arch of aorta خالص بس مش عارفة كده المريض يموت ولا اي
5- مش عارفة دورت كتير مش لاقية بس ممكن لما يتحول ل cancer
ممكن يا دكتور لو تكرمت تقفل الاعلانات💖