Yeah, science in general makes looking at nature even more interesting when you appreciate all the hidden processes that went and are still going into creating it. I can never see a river or a lake without thinking about the cycle of water.
Earth's natural history is freaking wild. You've got dinosaurs, shrimps from hell, sloths that started in the seas, 2 million years of rain, and just up and losing a billion years. You couldn't make this stuff up.
well it's not THAT freaky. This whole video can be summed up as "one day a giant glacier formed, and scraped a billion year's worth of dirt and rocks into the ocean, and like primordial fish food it just boosted the ocean with new and diverse life forms!" Not that crazy when you consider all those big canyons out in the western states formed by Glaciars could be made in a few million years, and sometimes in just a few thousand years! By geological standards glaciers move pretty fast!
@@deerdeerdeerdeer9698 naw, just think of whatever the next bunch will think. "These apes did what? What's with all these iron and carbon vertical deposits?"
Ever Martinez check out these lectures from Central Washington University. They are really good, made for the public, and their channel has much more besides just the lectures. th-cam.com/play/PLwNJg2mCrcQRYmYJzHUv7YxO40JlNbAWe.html
That paper you guys reference at 6:09, the first author on it was a TA I've had. The second author is my research advisor and I've talked with everyone else on that paper. I'm super proud to say I work with those people and Mike's paper was awesome!
Woah, that's amazing.. Imagine being one of *those* people, the rare folk who get the privilege of extending the very boundaries of humanity's cumulative knowledge.
I've no doubt you all know this, but this is by far the best science channel on TH-cam or probably anywhere. I literally JUST got done lecturing on Proterozoic climate, and as this is my first time teaching Earth History, I'm always looking online for assistance and I couldn't have done any better than this! The complex interactions between plate tectonics, volcanism, life, the atmosphere, and climate are hard to grasp (both today and in the past) for students, so I love having multiple sources (me, my textbook, some great videos) help me to teach these topics!
I love how y'all just make these videos amazingly - wonderfully illustrated and in depth - for free! I know a lot of this information is already out there for free, but it can be hard to digest and, sometimes, I don't even know about certain things like this to even search about it. This channel has given me so much info on biological and geological features, creatures, and processes, and above all, hours of informative entertainment. Thank y'all, and I'll pledge on patreon as soon as I have a little more cash coming in.
It's actually interesting to learn about how different cultures came up with their naming practices. For example at one time he might be Steve of Philadelphia. Or Steve the shoemaker. Or Steve the son of Frank... or even had his name Steve created or chosen by some method we'd find strange. Either way... thanks Steve!
I love the hypothesis that changing ocean chemistry made the larger, harder bodies of the Cambrian possible. It makes a lot of sense--the biological processes that create biomineralization would have an easier time concentrating insoluble salts from ocean water if those ions are more abundant. As ocean chemistry changes, crude and weak biomineralization processes could be gradually improved by natural selection until they are tolerant to much more scarce conditions. A really beautiful concept.
I realize it would be mining and fracking that would do it in without protection, but I immediately pictured people cutting chunks out to make pretty counter and table tops. "Yeeep, got this right here from the Grand Canyon. Last place you can see all the layers is here in my kitchen."
I don’t know why I think looking at geology is so cool, just the fact looking at rock layers like in the Grand Canyon tell a story of Earths history. It’s really interesting. But I think it maybe both theories, rock drawing CO2 cooled the planet into Snowball Earth which caused even more erosion stripping the planets history. However still lots of unknowns. Still wait to see what science says.
It really is! I'm doing something similar in my studies, however I'm doing dating in the Paleogene on Apatites instead of Zircons and I think its just amazing to learn something from another timescale and their connecting processes.
SuperStormThunder g’day from downunder.. many moons ago I worked in an open cut mine middle of Australia as a serviceman.. getting to look at several layers of shale and the fossils inside were amazing.. millions or billions of years ago.. I loved looking at the layers and thinking about all going on when they were put down.. I saw at least 5 layers that ment it had to be underwater at that time.. place called lawn hill north west qld. Mine called century mine.. dinosaurs found all over the area and we had some stuff found that were made to sign NDA to work in the area.. mainly footprints and whatnot.. We have been here for like a foot or two of the 1 mile or so of earth I saw.. some crazy things occurred in earths past according to the rocks and dirt.. Have a great day twitter.com/k9isolation/status/1244869405495853056?s=21 below a silly song made for kids and dogs.. needs music and vocals, but a start.. Stay safe fellow geo lover 🇦🇺🦘🐾✌️
I got my BS in geology at UMass Amherst and most of my classes were 6 hour labs where we went out into the woods to make real observations, collect real data, and get the best hands on experience I could ask for. We climbed mountains, looked at river/deposition systems, collected fossils, and a ton of other super fun activities... damn i wish i could go back!
I just love this show. The way it makes me look at the extraordinary past of our amazing planet, as well as the awe inspiring & vast lineage of organisms stretching billions of years behind each of us. It's so wonderful to look at the beauty of nature, learning from it instead of just exploiting it. It's an anodyne to the cynical worldview that the modern world sometimes imposes on us. An interesting aside, Sponges (as noted here) are truly amazing animals that were among the few multicellular organisms that survived "Snowball Earth" (possibly from living in the warmer waters near hydrothermal vents). There are a truly staggering 10,000 (at least) Porifera species alive, today - with many more in the fossil record. (This is actually a pretty damn big percentage of all animal life!)
The concept that I, personally, am directly related to All life on this planet is staggering, humbling, and inspiring. I like it when PBS Eons talks about my family!
The single greatest thing that humans as a species will ever contribute to this planet is the fact that we can think about, learn, and appreciate the beauty and function of nature. This is a perfect example of that.
No doubt Clarence Dutton was an influential man, but he was only building o-n the work of the Scottish geologist James Hutton from around 100 years before. It was Hutton who discovered "unconformities" and ushered in a new era for the science of Geology based on the presupposition of uniformitarianism. No doubt a helpful idea at the time, but a fresh appreciation of catastophism is thankfully making a mark in recent years.
As the head of volcanology for the United States Geological Survey, Dutton was probably aware of unconformities via the book “‘Principles of Geology,” which was published in 1830 by another Scottish scientist, Charles Lyell. Much of it’s content was based on the papers of James Hutton. Charles Darwin took volume 1 of the book with him on his voyage around South America.
Most of the discoveries made through history by influential people are the result of somebody building on the work of people who came before them, it's the beauty of science, we all work together in order to build upon past discoveries to either enhance them, reform them or discover entirely new things based on those previous discoveries.
Hutton's multiple unconformities across Scotland are pilgrim sites for geologists. But I am concerned, what do you mean by a 'fresh appreciation of catastrophism'? This sounds worryingly biblical.
@@HaikatrineKat No it won't. As I have no life I actually took the time to calculate this. Okay, so, PBS Eons has uploaded 122 videos. Each one ranging from 8 to 12 minutes. The average for that is 10 alright? Now there are 1440 minutes and a day and 10 times 122 is only 1220. Therefore by subtracting those numbers you will have 220 minutes left of the day. Which is exactly 3.7 hours. Which means you will most likely finish these videos after 20.3 hours. Now this isn't exact but it's as close as I really care to get. So as long as you have all day and no life at all. You could feasibly finish all these videos in less than a day.
Vishnu Schist sounds like the name of a Psychedelic/Prog rock band P.S. There's a similarly named American band called Mahavishnu Orchestra. Check dem out. They're quite awesome
Richard Irish the reason theirs saltwater was during the late heavy Bombardment lots of asteroids filled with water and salt crashed into Earth more than 4 billion years ago.
@@dnstone1127 what he said. Also, the elements washed into the sea get concentrated by evaporation of water, which takes out water leaving the elements behind.
Ocean sediments I would guess. But since the oceanic crust is "recycled" relatively fast in geological terms we have no trace of those old sediments. When the oceanic crust gets pushed under the continental crust, it takes the sediments with it.
Its possible but if so they haven't been found yet and possibly never will. For instance if some or all of the missing layers could be found at the bottom of the pacific good luck excavating them.
That was when the Vogons destroyed it to build a new hyperspace expressway. Plans were posted, you know. But fortunately, this time Slartibartfast had a backup and Earth was reinstalled… you know, the way they showed in that film adaptation in 2005 with Martin Freeman and Sam Rockwell. But of course only Arthur Dent, Zaphod, and the mice on the talk show circuit know if this time, it actually finished calculating the answer to the Magratheans’ Ultimate Question.
6:00 The St. Francois Mountains are thought to have been the only part of the US Midwest that was never submerged under the ocean. They're about 1.485 billion years old. When the Appalachians started forming, the St. Francois were already twice as old as the Appalachians are today.
i learned, long ago, that The ozarks were a one of a kind in the world, but never completely understood the why and the consequences. I live just east of the mountains and it is assumed that they cause their own little weather area that extends to the east. I have explored the mountains in Mo and Arkansas, and it is beautiful land. I believe that this area also has the tallest waterfall, by some measure, located at Hemmed in Hollow, in Arkansas. The mountain also has the Buffalo river and many other waterways. It is interesting to hear the fact that You stated. I never knew that.
There's some cool unconformity layers in some of the mountains in the UAE. I find them fascinating. Id love to get out of the car and take a closer look but they're on a sheer cliff face right next to the motorway 😅
Me too! And once when I was sick and home alone, I binge-watched these episodes and the host's voices were so soothing that I fell asleep and not once did I wake up sweaty and tossing and turning or even to cough, it was like a miracle to me after 2 days of interrupted sleep. Ever since then, I binge these videos when I want to feel less alone whenever I'm working late at night, it's like having a smart friend explain stuff to you while they're studying next to you
I don't know when I would ever have an opportunity to wear a trilobite broach, but I still kind of want one now. I remember visiting the Grand Canyon decades ago, and my dad was so excited to point out the Great Unconformity. I love my massive nerd of a dad.
I am so glad that I found this video!! Thanks for all the great information and entertainment. I am looking forward to the next video and cannot wait to watch more.
Another great video. This channel does a great job explaining geology. Seldom do I catch them giving bad/ incorrect info. In particular you're very good at distinguishing between fact and theory, as well as presenting opposing ideas. Kudos to you guys and your channel.
OK, question: the places where the mantle didn't get pushed upwards as far... part of the soil we're missing must still be there, right? Look at the graphic @3:45. Tot the left, the gap is ~1242 MY. But this is partially filled by the Supergroup to the right, which didn't get pushed upwards as much. The two smaller gaps there add up to 'just' 482 MY. Would it be unreasonable to think that if you started digging even further to the right, the age difference would get smaller?
If both hypotheses of the Great Unconformity have their evidence, couldn't both be true? I.e. the breakup of Rodinia caused erosion to start, setting the stage for Snowball Earth, which in turn produced the grinding glaciers for some more erosion? Just because it's one gap now doesn't necessarily mean all that rock eroded in one and the same way, does it? Edit: I see SuperStormThunder had exactly the same idea a few hours ago. ;)
The great unconformity happened before the cambrian expolosion, so it probably would have mainly been records of microscopic life if any records at all
You wonder what's awaiting us. We know the sun will eventually kill us... but there's a lot of time for geological events to do it as well. Long term hopefully.
right!? In that period of time which we have No evidence from there could have been an entire planet wide intelligent species which had its own space faring civilization. Maybe they even made it off this rock before it froze completely. But we'll never know #thanksGlaciers
@@joshuadeyoung5540 Maybe you're being hyperbolic, but there are a ton of reasons we know that not to be true. This was before the cambrian explosion, so the idea that during that period, life went through a similar diversification process incredibly quickly and developed intelligent life doesn't really add up. On top of that, there are plenty of marks on earth left by humans that could arguavly still be detectable after an event like this. Plastics and nuclear explosions stand out as being something that there would probably be some evidence of left over. It's conceivable that that evidence could have been lost, but just adds to the implaussibility. The lack of development of life that we see in the records immediately after this gap is the main reason that it seems impossible.
Yeah, man. I mean, I recall being a Opabina, myself, before this ca-roba-doba... and only NOW do I see that I'm a human being. ... I miss my five eyes and claw-mouth.
If my school learning days were this good when I was growing up I would have been more rounded & open minded about learning, alas I only have TH-cam & you guys to further my now extended education. I'm just glad there's no exam after all of this.
Patrick 777 777 SCIENTISTS=SATANIST ... we worship fantasy, storytelling, intellectual property, it’s all non-sense...there are never ending psychological operations that are used to keep the mass population docile and complicit within their position/status in the system as a SLAVE... you can travel the world, read all the great books of wisdom, and knowledge, and spirituality, and science, and consciousness, and philosophy, etc and in the end you will still be paying your taxes, going to work 40 hours a week, and paying for food water and shelter and all the other benefits the system offers... all while the administrator and authorizers of the system(slave masters) go around the world abusing children, organizing war, and destroying and polluting earth and nature...
@@camerontaylor7471stop spewing conspiracists mumbo jumbo. You should be on your knees praising scientist for the miraculous tools in which we survive on daily .
It takes time. And scientific knowledge changes all the time as we learn more and more, and refine that knowledge. Unlike some spheres, where "knowledge" is "fixed", and has trouble dealing with it when science says differently.
Being a huge Jojo fan & frustratingly close to my degree in geosciences, this is the best analogy I've ever seen to describe how King Crimson & unconformities work 😎❤️🤓
Fantastic, thanks for showing the different hypothesis and rationale behind them. It is so much more interesting to see how researchers explore possible explanations, than to be told what the explanation is.
Though I had Geography subject in B.A. & am a Geography teacher too, and subscribed for National Geography magazine for two decades.Having taught about the Continental shift theory by German meteorologist Alfed Wagener .Before which the supercontinent " Pangea" existed.I have never heard of non- conformity in the strata of Grand Canyon not of 'Rodenia' for the matter of fact. Thank you for this video, was very intriguing, expands my knowledge, and illustrations are very helpful. I congratulate Pateon for this particular feature ( illustrations) because 90 % of Geography in Indian schools & colleges is taught with out it.And maybe till even the those Professors have done Ph.D also do with out it, at M.A / Ph.D level.
It's wild to think in the 1880's scientists were establishing lots of scientific knowledge about shifting earth and unconformities, but that Continental drift, one of the most basic facts of plate tectonics science itself, was not widely accepted as factual until the 1950's.
"Now that the beta is over, we'll wipe the servers as announced. The official opening of Tier Zoo on the Earth servers will take place at the end of the glaciation. See you all there!"
I love that this show gave varying opinions on the formation and history of earths surface and the data used to produce these results. Thank you for not being 'selective' in your fact delivery.👏👏👏👏👍
Knowing stuff like this makes hiking and being outdoors in general so much more fun
Staying 2m apart isn't as fun now days
Totally agree. Every time I go hiking I tell my wife that I wish we had a geologist friend to come with us!
@@JLone55 That is what I loved about my geology 101 class. All the hikes with the TAs and professors. :D
That's Awesome
Yeah, science in general makes looking at nature even more interesting when you appreciate all the hidden processes that went and are still going into creating it. I can never see a river or a lake without thinking about the cycle of water.
Earth's natural history is freaking wild. You've got dinosaurs, shrimps from hell, sloths that started in the seas, 2 million years of rain, and just up and losing a billion years. You couldn't make this stuff up.
well it's not THAT freaky. This whole video can be summed up as "one day a giant glacier formed, and scraped a billion year's worth of dirt and rocks into the ocean, and like primordial fish food it just boosted the ocean with new and diverse life forms!" Not that crazy when you consider all those big canyons out in the western states formed by Glaciars could be made in a few million years, and sometimes in just a few thousand years! By geological standards glaciers move pretty fast!
Yeah now everythings lame
@@deerdeerdeerdeer9698 naw, just think of whatever the next bunch will think. "These apes did what? What's with all these iron and carbon vertical deposits?"
@@MatthewSpencerKociol Did you watch more than half of the video?
I didn't know most of that and am now super delighted!
Ah, that billion years....
I’m sure I left it around somewhere...
Have you looked in the fridge? Maybe it's under snowball earth.
Maybe it is in your skeleton all along
The dog ate it!
Its floating in the ocean and in sea shells.
Oh yeah....
.
.
.go and find it we need!
Come on...
It’s interesting to know that Earth sometimes clears out its browser history, too. 😳
I never do >:]
Hm...
😳
Nah, just a billion years of incognito mode....
What was it browsing
i really hate it when a billion years just disappears
rachi I know right. Happens to the best of us.
Coulda swore i was only on my phone a minute. Now im getting fired cuz i let the dinosaurs go extinct
Happened to me just last night. Really torques my shorts!
I know! All the time!!!
Honestly about 25% of my memories are probably gone too
I guess the Earth just took those billion years for granite.
(I'll show myself out.)
Well that's like when I told my friends I was getting into volcanology. They said "go ahead, it's your fumarole!"
Ain't no Dad Jokes like Science Dad Jokes.
Gneiss one !!
And I'll show you back in because that was the schist.
yeah, and don't come back! my eyes did a full rotation hahaha
Steve, whoever you are, thank you for being an eontologist. My four-year-old always cheers for you.
Maybe it's Minecraft Steve. That's my favorite hypothesis
My direct supervisor at work is a Steve and he did study paleontology at university. I like to think its secretly him.
Steve Woziak?
@@wishcraft4u2 it'd make more sense if it was Steve from Blue's Clues
I do too lol
He really stood in the *grand* canyon and called it the *great* unconformity?
first
If I'm correct he called the great uncomfromany the great uncomfromany not the grand canyon
@@jackoroni4609 I think the joke is that since he was in the Grand Canyon, it should have been the Grand Uncomformity
@@AskMia411 I'll admit that went over my head the first time I read it, and they bolded the words and everything 😅
Guy really wouldn't be told what to do 🤣.
I friggin LOVE that we have high quality geology channels and education on youtube.
Kevin Harris got any other good geology channel recommendations?
Tom Scott is another great channel for all kinds of great stuff. Give it a look.
I never thought I would see the day I could get amazing teaching on demand for free. I know... I'm old lol
Same here!🙌🏾
Ever Martinez check out these lectures from Central Washington University. They are really good, made for the public, and their channel has much more besides just the lectures.
th-cam.com/play/PLwNJg2mCrcQRYmYJzHUv7YxO40JlNbAWe.html
The time scales are amazing. No human can understand a million years, much less billions.
That paper you guys reference at 6:09, the first author on it was a TA I've had. The second author is my research advisor and I've talked with everyone else on that paper.
I'm super proud to say I work with those people and Mike's paper was awesome!
Woah, that's amazing.. Imagine being one of *those* people, the rare folk who get the privilege of extending the very boundaries of humanity's cumulative knowledge.
If you're reading this and you stole 1 billion years of earth's history, pls give it back.
Nope I will not
@@mrblackmamba117 Return it, and make sure to do it with ease
Shhhhhhhhhhh🤫
Somewhere In the universe Ultron is laughing
In my basement
"The Great Unconformity" sounds like an album by a teenage punk band
Isn't just a phase is a entire geological mystery!😅
Either that or a 3-track 80-min doom album
Yes, Canadian band 'Teenage Head'!
True, look it up!!!!!!! Seen them multiple times!!!!
Yeah, they been playin them 'rock sequences' in the "Vishnu Twist".
Or a 2021 meme
I've no doubt you all know this, but this is by far the best science channel on TH-cam or probably anywhere. I literally JUST got done lecturing on Proterozoic climate, and as this is my first time teaching Earth History, I'm always looking online for assistance and I couldn't have done any better than this! The complex interactions between plate tectonics, volcanism, life, the atmosphere, and climate are hard to grasp (both today and in the past) for students, so I love having multiple sources (me, my textbook, some great videos) help me to teach these topics!
I love how y'all just make these videos amazingly - wonderfully illustrated and in depth - for free! I know a lot of this information is already out there for free, but it can be hard to digest and, sometimes, I don't even know about certain things like this to even search about it. This channel has given me so much info on biological and geological features, creatures, and processes, and above all, hours of informative entertainment. Thank y'all, and I'll pledge on patreon as soon as I have a little more cash coming in.
@Anonymous Weirdo And worth it.
This is why I always watch ads in full when they have them. :D
Yeehah!
Lurkin, PBS is a great asset. Definitely worth contributing to.
A billion years disappeared? Now I'm not so worried when I can't figure out where the last three days went.
Anti Aging
Drugs.
"What's your first and last name?"
"Steve !"
Your last name is !
Steve “Stephan” Stevenson
@@abdlhmdx Steve "Stephan" Stevenson from Stevenson Alabama
Director of the Notification Squad i bet Steve will remain an eonite just to hear her say his name like that each episode.
It's actually interesting to learn about how different cultures came up with their naming practices. For example at one time he might be Steve of Philadelphia. Or Steve the shoemaker. Or Steve the son of Frank... or even had his name Steve created or chosen by some method we'd find strange. Either way... thanks Steve!
I love the hypothesis that changing ocean chemistry made the larger, harder bodies of the Cambrian possible. It makes a lot of sense--the biological processes that create biomineralization would have an easier time concentrating insoluble salts from ocean water if those ions are more abundant. As ocean chemistry changes, crude and weak biomineralization processes could be gradually improved by natural selection until they are tolerant to much more scarce conditions. A really beautiful concept.
This is when you can appreciate the National Park System protecting such a unique timeline of sediment in the Grand Canyon
@thecahn There were over 2,000 mining claims requested adjacent to the grand canyon between 2003 and 2011.
thecahn I’m not saying every surface on the Grand Canyon would be erased, but that’s prime property for some serious mines
I realize it would be mining and fracking that would do it in without protection, but I immediately pictured people cutting chunks out to make pretty counter and table tops.
"Yeeep, got this right here from the Grand Canyon. Last place you can see all the layers is here in my kitchen."
And Big Bend in Texas, near Mexico
You know what a different name for Uncomformity could be? The Resistance, hehe
I love Kallie’s videos. She has such a lovely, natural presenting style that’s engaging without veering into overstated. 💕
I don’t know why I think looking at geology is so cool, just the fact looking at rock layers like in the Grand Canyon tell a story of Earths history. It’s really interesting.
But I think it maybe both theories, rock drawing CO2 cooled the planet into Snowball Earth which caused even more erosion stripping the planets history. However still lots of unknowns. Still wait to see what science says.
All I can say is geology rocks.
It really is! I'm doing something similar in my studies, however I'm doing dating in the Paleogene on Apatites instead of Zircons and I think its just amazing to learn something from another timescale and their connecting processes.
SuperStormThunder g’day from downunder.. many moons ago I worked in an open cut mine middle of Australia as a serviceman.. getting to look at several layers of shale and the fossils inside were amazing.. millions or billions of years ago.. I loved looking at the layers and thinking about all going on when they were put down..
I saw at least 5 layers that ment it had to be underwater at that time.. place called lawn hill north west qld. Mine called century mine.. dinosaurs found all over the area and we had some stuff found that were made to sign NDA to work in the area.. mainly footprints and whatnot..
We have been here for like a foot or two of the 1 mile or so of earth I saw.. some crazy things occurred in earths past according to the rocks and dirt..
Have a great day twitter.com/k9isolation/status/1244869405495853056?s=21 below a silly song made for kids and dogs.. needs music and vocals, but a start..
Stay safe fellow geo lover 🇦🇺🦘🐾✌️
I got my BS in geology at UMass Amherst and most of my classes were 6 hour labs where we went out into the woods to make real observations, collect real data, and get the best hands on experience I could ask for. We climbed mountains, looked at river/deposition systems, collected fossils, and a ton of other super fun activities... damn i wish i could go back!
@@NotProFishing r/punpolice Hold it right there!
I just love this show. The way it makes me look at the extraordinary past of our amazing planet, as well as the awe inspiring & vast lineage of organisms stretching billions of years behind each of us. It's so wonderful to look at the beauty of nature, learning from it instead of just exploiting it. It's an anodyne to the cynical worldview that the modern world sometimes imposes on us.
An interesting aside, Sponges (as noted here) are truly amazing animals that were among the few multicellular organisms that survived "Snowball Earth" (possibly from living in the warmer waters near hydrothermal vents). There are a truly staggering 10,000 (at least) Porifera species alive, today - with many more in the fossil record. (This is actually a pretty damn big percentage of all animal life!)
The concept that I, personally, am directly related to All life on this planet is staggering, humbling, and inspiring. I like it when PBS Eons talks about my family!
Sponges are based, that’s why Stephen Hillenburg choose a Sponge as the animal to become a main protagonist for his cartoon.
"When a billion years disappeared"
The feeling of watching a new Eons episode after waiting for it to drop all week!
Brooks Robertson ikr! I was waiting foreverrrr for a new episode
March and April 2020 seem to be about that long...
The single greatest thing that humans as a species will ever contribute to this planet is the fact that we can think about, learn, and appreciate the beauty and function of nature.
This is a perfect example of that.
No doubt Clarence Dutton was an influential man, but he was only building o-n the work of the Scottish geologist James Hutton from around 100 years before. It was Hutton who discovered "unconformities" and ushered in a new era for the science of Geology based on the presupposition of uniformitarianism. No doubt a helpful idea at the time, but a fresh appreciation of catastophism is thankfully making a mark in recent years.
As the head of volcanology for the United States Geological Survey, Dutton was probably aware of unconformities via the book “‘Principles of Geology,” which was published in 1830 by another Scottish scientist, Charles Lyell.
Much of it’s content was based on the papers of James Hutton.
Charles Darwin took volume 1 of the book with him on his voyage around South America.
Most of the discoveries made through history by influential people are the result of somebody building on the work of people who came before them, it's the beauty of science, we all work together in order to build upon past discoveries to either enhance them, reform them or discover entirely new things based on those previous discoveries.
@@cuervoramos Very well put.
Clarence Dutton, James Hutton, Benjamin Button.
Hutton's multiple unconformities across Scotland are pilgrim sites for geologists. But I am concerned, what do you mean by a 'fresh appreciation of catastrophism'? This sounds worryingly biblical.
Thanks, PBS Eons, for a wonderful presentation.
One day I will go through all PBS Eons' videos arrange them in chronological order and binge-watch them all. One day.
No, it will take several days.
@@HaikatrineKat No it won't. As I have no life I actually took the time to calculate this. Okay, so, PBS Eons has uploaded 122 videos. Each one ranging from 8 to 12 minutes. The average for that is 10 alright? Now there are 1440 minutes and a day and 10 times 122 is only 1220. Therefore by subtracting those numbers you will have 220 minutes left of the day. Which is exactly 3.7 hours. Which means you will most likely finish these videos after 20.3 hours. Now this isn't exact but it's as close as I really care to get. So as long as you have all day and no life at all. You could feasibly finish all these videos in less than a day.
@@HaikatrineKat And still have almost 4 hours to spare!
Will there be an unconformity in your chronological order?
Please do, you would be an absolute champion.
Time really flies when you're having fun
Vishnu Schist sounds like the name of a Psychedelic/Prog rock band
P.S. There's a similarly named American band called Mahavishnu Orchestra. Check dem out. They're quite awesome
Or some Indian demigod either way dope name
Hahahahah. True
Vishnu is a Hindu god
Psych/Prog
Ah yes, I see a Black Flag profile picture just when I buy back the game.
Nice
Billion years disappeared? - I can relate.When I turned 30 I wondered "hey, what happened to my twenties?".
When did the oceans become saltwater? Will you do an episode on this? Will any patreons get on patreon and ask this question?
Richard Irish the reason theirs saltwater was during the late heavy Bombardment lots of asteroids filled with water and salt crashed into Earth more than 4 billion years ago.
@@PremierCCGuyMMXVI spoiler alert
Salt in the oceans comes eroded mountains and land deposited by rivers over billions of years.
@@dnstone1127 what he said. Also, the elements washed into the sea get concentrated by evaporation of water, which takes out water leaving the elements behind.
C Cannea wdym
9:16 am I the only one that sees a QRS wave? Like a heart beat? It even has a little P wave preceding it.
I'm a simple person. I see a new PBS Eons video, I click on it.
Same!
Same here.
yo urahara
Best comment.
You are indeed simple - you repeat that silly 'simple person, I click' thing that many simpletons have mindlessly repeated previously.
Are the layers removed during the great uncomoformity in existence anywhere else? Meaning, the 1.2B years of rock layers must exist somewhere, no?
Ocean sediments I would guess.
But since the oceanic crust is "recycled" relatively fast in geological terms we have no trace of those old sediments. When the oceanic crust gets pushed under the continental crust, it takes the sediments with it.
Its possible but if so they haven't been found yet and possibly never will. For instance if some or all of the missing layers could be found at the bottom of the pacific good luck excavating them.
World wide erosion, sounds like the great flood
So there are 1.2B years where we have no clue of the geological record?
@@AnokiEdam Clues. But no nice and simple rock layer.
The first part of this video ROCKED my world.
It made me STONED
*The simulation was rebooted so that data was deleted* 😂
Doubt it. This looks like Corrupted files. Lmao
Yea then the devs just decided to patch in some lore to it to cover it up lol
There's a glitch in the matrix.
Me missing entire years of my own personal history because I never bothered to backup that laptop.
That was when the Vogons destroyed it to build a new hyperspace expressway. Plans were posted, you know. But fortunately, this time Slartibartfast had a backup and Earth was reinstalled… you know, the way they showed in that film adaptation in 2005 with Martin Freeman and Sam Rockwell. But of course only Arthur Dent, Zaphod, and the mice on the talk show circuit know if this time, it actually finished calculating the answer to the Magratheans’ Ultimate Question.
6:00 The St. Francois Mountains are thought to have been the only part of the US Midwest that was never submerged under the ocean. They're about 1.485 billion years old. When the Appalachians started forming, the St. Francois were already twice as old as the Appalachians are today.
i learned, long ago, that The ozarks were a one of a kind in the world, but never completely understood the why and the consequences. I live just east of the mountains and it is assumed that they cause their own little weather area that extends to the east. I have explored the mountains in Mo and Arkansas, and it is beautiful land. I believe that this area also has the tallest waterfall, by some measure, located at Hemmed in Hollow, in Arkansas. The mountain also has the Buffalo river and many other waterways. It is interesting to hear the fact that You stated. I never knew that.
Just wanted to thank PBS Eons for making such awesome content. Thank you!
1:14 'The Great Unconformity' is what I call my puberty goth-phase. 🧛♂️
AHAHA I FELT THAT
Ehehehe assuming it ever finished
This was a fantastic video.
The amount of data, research and writing that went into this is impressive.
Thank you for making this!
Born and raised in Arkansas. Love the Ozarks. Glad to see them mentioned.
I just went through AR, I live in southern Missouri. Arkansas is beautiful, I want to move there one day.
Great to hear music that doesn't overwhelm but adds nicely to the video and commentary
There's some cool unconformity layers in some of the mountains in the UAE. I find them fascinating. Id love to get out of the car and take a closer look but they're on a sheer cliff face right next to the motorway 😅
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One of our freeway off ramps is right next to a lovely shale slope, with beautiful ripple marks. Alas, it also is unreachable.
Where in UAE?????? Jebel al Jais?
This is one of your best episodes by far.
I love this show! I rewatch old episodes multiple times!! Thank you for making these
Me too! And once when I was sick and home alone, I binge-watched these episodes and the host's voices were so soothing that I fell asleep and not once did I wake up sweaty and tossing and turning or even to cough, it was like a miracle to me after 2 days of interrupted sleep. Ever since then, I binge these videos when I want to feel less alone whenever I'm working late at night, it's like having a smart friend explain stuff to you while they're studying next to you
I love this channel so much. Thank you guys for doing what you do, and putting out such amazing content.
I don't know when I would ever have an opportunity to wear a trilobite broach, but I still kind of want one now.
I remember visiting the Grand Canyon decades ago, and my dad was so excited to point out the Great Unconformity. I love my massive nerd of a dad.
Etsy is your friend. Input "trilobite brooch" and away you shall go!
Poetic ending there. Good job guys always
"A billion years disappeared"
-Me watching PBS Eons 😎
Why are the top 6 comments written by you
@@starwolfishere53 me wondering the same question
@@watchdealer11 why... Are you wondering that??? YOU are the one who wrote them after all...???
@@starwolfishere53 😂 I'm wondering why I wrote so many comments
I am so glad that I found this video!! Thanks for all the great information and entertainment. I am looking forward to the next video and cannot wait to watch more.
The depth of knowledge, research and time putting this together is amazing! Great work.
Thank you so much💖
I've suspected this for a while, I've just gotta ask: Steve is the office/studio cat, isn't he?
😆
I would like to know too.
Who is Steve?
@@johannageisel5390 he is minecraft steve. That's why he know so much about geology. He probably mined out the great unconformity
@@gautamvaze1101 That makes so much sense!!!!
Steve is always there
"When a billion years disappeared"
Me when I take a nap and wake up not knowing what year or zip code I'm in
Another great video. This channel does a great job explaining geology. Seldom do I catch them giving bad/ incorrect info. In particular you're very good at distinguishing between fact and theory, as well as presenting opposing ideas. Kudos to you guys and your channel.
OK, question: the places where the mantle didn't get pushed upwards as far... part of the soil we're missing must still be there, right?
Look at the graphic @3:45. Tot the left, the gap is ~1242 MY. But this is partially filled by the Supergroup to the right, which didn't get pushed upwards as much. The two smaller gaps there add up to 'just' 482 MY. Would it be unreasonable to think that if you started digging even further to the right, the age difference would get smaller?
You are exactly right. The gap is quite small if you go to the right spot- called Sixtymile Canyon.
If both hypotheses of the Great Unconformity have their evidence, couldn't both be true? I.e. the breakup of Rodinia caused erosion to start, setting the stage for Snowball Earth, which in turn produced the grinding glaciers for some more erosion? Just because it's one gap now doesn't necessarily mean all that rock eroded in one and the same way, does it?
Edit: I see SuperStormThunder had exactly the same idea a few hours ago. ;)
Depipro such a great point! In Grand Canyon the Great Unconformity is made up of several discernible unconformities exactly as you suggest!
Every single time you learn things like this, the world becomes more amazing.
I wonder how many species were erased by the great unconformity.
FusRohDah mostly bacteria’s in the beginning of that era?
Will need to google now lol
The great unconformity happened before the cambrian expolosion, so it probably would have mainly been records of microscopic life if any records at all
You wonder what's awaiting us. We know the sun will eventually kill us... but there's a lot of time for geological events to do it as well. Long term hopefully.
right!? In that period of time which we have No evidence from there could have been an entire planet wide intelligent species which had its own space faring civilization. Maybe they even made it off this rock before it froze completely. But we'll never know #thanksGlaciers
@@joshuadeyoung5540 Maybe you're being hyperbolic, but there are a ton of reasons we know that not to be true. This was before the cambrian explosion, so the idea that during that period, life went through a similar diversification process incredibly quickly and developed intelligent life doesn't really add up.
On top of that, there are plenty of marks on earth left by humans that could arguavly still be detectable after an event like this. Plastics and nuclear explosions stand out as being something that there would probably be some evidence of left over. It's conceivable that that evidence could have been lost, but just adds to the implaussibility.
The lack of development of life that we see in the records immediately after this gap is the main reason that it seems impossible.
This was incredibly well made, thank you!
i feel like i know how it is to lose a billion years too
The March-April 2020 Uncomformity has given us all a taste of lost time
Yeah, man. I mean, I recall being a Opabina, myself, before this ca-roba-doba... and only NOW do I see that I'm a human being.
... I miss my five eyes and claw-mouth.
Me: How???
Flatearther: Easy, the world tilt
Hahaha omg you're hilarious
Everyone knows the earth is a cylinder....
@@Erik_coolman and only 6,000 years old
Wait. That makes sense doe
Fool the earth is dinosaur shaped your all mindless sheep
Great video! I wish I could visit the Great Canyon someday and see this unconformity for myself.
It's the Grand Canyon, not the Great Canyon. And I hope you get to come see it, too.
Take a raft trip down the river and you’ll be right in the middle of it. Amazing place.
The more information we discover, the more we find out how much we don't know.
What we don't know, we can always attribute to that little old man in the sky.
@@ZOGGYDOGGY Google "God of the gaps", its a form of the "argument from ignorance" fallacy.
i think my brain grasped the information, But i wouldnt count on it.
If my school learning days were this good when I was growing up I would have been more rounded & open minded about learning, alas I only have TH-cam & you guys to further my now extended education. I'm just glad there's no exam after all of this.
Its so interesting how we even know this stuff
Scientists are great at solving mysteries 😊
You're easy fooled .
Patrick 777 777 SCIENTISTS=SATANIST ... we worship fantasy, storytelling, intellectual property, it’s all non-sense...there are never ending psychological operations that are used to keep the mass population docile and complicit within their position/status in the system as a SLAVE... you can travel the world, read all the great books of wisdom, and knowledge, and spirituality, and science, and consciousness, and philosophy, etc and in the end you will still be paying your taxes, going to work 40 hours a week, and paying for food water and shelter and all the other benefits the system offers... all while the administrator and authorizers of the system(slave masters) go around the world abusing children, organizing war, and destroying and polluting earth and nature...
@@camerontaylor7471 what does all of this have to do with this vid I wonder
@@camerontaylor7471stop spewing conspiracists mumbo jumbo. You should be on your knees praising scientist for the miraculous tools in which we survive on daily .
It takes time. And scientific knowledge changes all the time as we learn more and more, and refine that knowledge. Unlike some spheres, where "knowledge" is "fixed", and has trouble dealing with it when science says differently.
I love this channel so much, helping a lot during the quarantine! Thanks.
Damn. King Crimson got a massive buff, it seems.
didnt expect a jojoke on a pbs eons video. but here i am.
Being a huge Jojo fan & frustratingly close to my degree in geosciences, this is the best analogy I've ever seen to describe how King Crimson & unconformities work 😎❤️🤓
@@SHOrTwiREDdeviantart At least Unconformities are consistent. Oh, wait.
I LOVE these videos and this channel, this has been my favorite thing I've found this quarantine. Thank you so much for putting these out.
i wish this was around when I took geology 101. It's so concise and helpful.
Mario Morales i was thinkin the same thing!
love this lady her voice is so soothing.
love the way she explains.
pls keep her in every videos of yours.
Can you make a video on the history of venom,how it came to be and how come many creatures came possess it.
@Dan Ryan Safe my guy
I'd like to know how so many humans came to possess it, but only a few (mainly humorists and comedians) know how to use it well ...
Fantastic, thanks for showing the different hypothesis and rationale behind them. It is so much more interesting to see how researchers explore possible explanations, than to be told what the explanation is.
Just bought my nephew the Eons Lego set and let's just say I'm the fav uncle now. 😎
Where can I find such a thing?
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Im consuming tons of science-related yt materials every day and I dont remember when was the last time I got so invested in the video. Great work.
Last time I was this early you could still buy toilet paper XD
The geology student in me could not help but shout unconformity upon seeing it 😂
The answer is obvious..
King Crimson Requiem
Though I had Geography subject in B.A. & am a Geography teacher too, and subscribed for National Geography magazine for two decades.Having taught about the Continental shift theory by German meteorologist Alfed Wagener .Before which the supercontinent " Pangea" existed.I have never heard of non- conformity in the strata of Grand Canyon not of 'Rodenia' for the matter of fact. Thank you for this video, was very intriguing, expands my knowledge, and illustrations are very helpful. I congratulate Pateon for this particular feature ( illustrations) because 90 % of Geography in Indian schools & colleges is taught with out it.And maybe till even the those Professors have done Ph.D also do with out it, at M.A / Ph.D level.
You should totally do more geology-themed episodes like this one. I really enjoyed it!
The other day, I turned my whole house inside-out saying "I know that Billion years is here somewhere!"
I really love this channel, I can't believe I'm here so early.
This show is amazing. Even experts learn here. And it's so easy to understand. Amazing work
383 Biblical Literalists disliked this video.
Ya. The Grand Canyon formed in 2012... under 60 seconds.
🤣🤣🤣🤣
Very informative, keep doing these fantastic videos! Thank you so much.
6:13 even back then Ozarks weather is OCD.
Thanks Eons Team! Your videos feed my sense of wonder & improve my days!
“When a billion years passed” Don’t you mean after quarantine ends?
No, you're thinking far too short-term. A billion years is roughly the amount of time it will take for BER to finally open.
Amazing episode!
So, who's playing lead guitar in the Grand Canyon Supergroup?
Great episode. Really one of the best channels on TH-cam.
Idea for a video. How did bones evolve and why did some animals use cartilage instead?
It's wild to think in the 1880's scientists were establishing lots of scientific knowledge about shifting earth and unconformities, but that Continental drift, one of the most basic facts of plate tectonics science itself, was not widely accepted as factual until the 1950's.
"Now that the beta is over, we'll wipe the servers as announced. The official opening of Tier Zoo on the Earth servers will take place at the end of the glaciation. See you all there!"
The sheer magnitude of the time periods in this video blow me away
"When a billion years disappears" sounds like an excellent way to describe quarantine.
I havent had television since I graduated high school. I am now 25 and I feel very fortunate to be able to watch content such as this. For free!!!
How exactly do polystrate fossils work, on this subject
I love that this show gave varying opinions on the formation and history of earths surface and the data used to produce these results. Thank you for not being 'selective' in your fact delivery.👏👏👏👏👍
Are you kidding? ZERO mention of a Global Flood possibility.