Opening a Vial of Cesium Underwater
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 6 ก.พ. 2023
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In this video I show you what happens when a vial of the most reactive alkali metal is opened underwater.
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Two earthquakes with a magnitude of 7.6 and 7.8 occurred in Turkey. damage and deaths are too many tens of thousands of injured and thousands of deaths . @TheActionLab please help Turkey. The state is very inadequate in this regard.
Lol never thought I would see Manscaped as a sponsor here 😂
What happens if you break a capsule of water in to Cesium?
And i want to see what happens if the water and sodium are both liquid.
First liquid sodium into water then water into sodium.
u need to make a bullet with it (frozen), and then shoot the water, air gun obviously )))
You have a good enough beard and ponytail to advertise a manscaping product, but you need to figure out a way to collect audio without having that lav mic pull your t-shirt halfway down your chest. That sloppy neckline sabotages your video.
After we observed the sodium reaction in high school, I always wanted to get my hands on some cesium, learning that it is even more reactive. So while the result was a tad underwhelming, this satisfies something I’ve wanted to see for 20 years. Thank you!!
just because caesium is more reactive than sodium ( unless u heat it to around 600 c), it doesnt mean the reaction is more energetic, thats why its pretty underwhelming. cody’s lab has explained this in the video where he made the 1mil play button out of caesium
also im a hobbyist not a chemist, pls do correct me if im wrong
@@tomasbalnionis1399 Not correcting you but, I have heard that Caesium does indeed have a more violent reaction if you were to liquify it enough/heat it up, not sure where I got this from, but I hope someone tries it(ofc with a safe distance)
But after seeing this I'm not entirely sure anymore.
Not quite as exciting as hoped for, but still quite a fascinating reaction.
You literally have over a decade of clips on TH-cam.
If you want something more along the lines of what you expected, look up “caesium fluorine reaction”
So, Caesium is more reactive than sodium, but sodium is "just right"
Kinda like ur mom when u don't clean ur room
Sodium and potassium.
If one reaction is too fast it doesn't make as an effective explosion.
😂
Goldy locks
At US$80.00 a gram I also want nothing to do with it.
Fun fact: very pure Cesium actually has a melting point slightly above room temperature, but most samples have just enough impurities to lower the melting point (kind of how salt lowers the melting point of water ice). Don't feel bad if your sample is liquid at room temp though, it's very difficult to pull off unless you specialize in this.
I was wondering why bromine and mercury were the only elements considered a liquid but this explains that. Thanks!
Maybe he has a very warm room
Studio lights and handling also can make things very warm.
@@yummyjackalmeat I guess he hasn't gone to energy saving LED lights yet but I am sure the revenue from his channel more than pays the huge electric bill for those halogens. I am very curious how one can order a dangerous chemical for home delivery.
What is “room temperature?”
Goldilocks tried the Lithium reaction, but it was too slow.
Next she tried the Cesium reaction, but it was too fast!
Finally, she tried the Sodium reaction, and it was just right.
Pick it up.
Goldilocks tried to sleep in the Copper bed, but it was too cold.
Next she tried to sleep in the Plutonium bed, but it was too radioactive.
The end.
@@redryder3721 dam bro
@@redryder3721 im not even gonna try to save her
@@redryder3721
Please do a collaboration with the slow-mo guys with this underwater reaction. That would be so cool to see in super super slow motion.
There is a video like that somewhere, but I don't remember wich channel.
It was very spectaculair. As soon as the metal touched the water, it formed many 'jets of electrons'. They wanted to leave the metal so bad that it ripped the sample apart in a microsecond or so. It finally made me understand how a large sample of metal could explode so fast, like before all the atoms had time to touch water molecules.
It really was one of the most spectacular chemistry videos I've ever seen!
If I van find the video, I will update this comment for you.
You wanna fly to London with a vile of Cesium?
@@DrDeuteron lol I'm sure they have people to find it there 🤣🤪🤘
Pause the video, top right corner is a cog symbol, when you press that there'll be a menu, select playback speed and you can slow the video to 0.25%.
Now that the cesium hydroxide is in your water tank, would it be possible to get the cesium metal back?
Likely possible, with a technique like electrolysis
Definitely possible
What do you think this is, Cody's Lab???
Recovering the cesium is possible and worthwhile, and required by law in most places since one is not allowed to dispose of cesium down the drain. Since almost all cesium salts are soluble, it's probably easiest to evaporate off the water (any combination of heat and vacuum) and collect the salt that remains. It might be best to start by neutralizing by bubbling in plenty of carbon dioxide, and then collect the dry carbonate salt. A less convenient way to neutralize is with a mineral acid and collect the salt (chloride, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate etc depending on the acid used). The advantage of using CO2 is that one does not need to use an exact quantity of it since it will leave no residue when evaporated. Once the salt is collected, it can be sold or passed to specialist labs that extract the metal, which, in the case of cesium, is almost impossible in a conventional lab without special equipment
@@nameredacted1242 Nile Red
I would like to say that it is partially because larger amounts of Sodium and Potassium can typically be used that they sometimes get bigger reactions. Cesium is expensive, and using more than a small amount Cesium is often very difficult.
he said that
We live in a universe where anything can happen, including but not limited to Manscape purchasing Cesium at a higher cost than gold per gram for this man.
Minor correction, Cesium is the most reactive, Francium is less reactive due to relativistic effects. 0:16
Nerd 🤓🤓
What are the relativistic effects you mention?
@@deusexaethera The very strong positive charge of heavy nuclei (Francium has 87 protons) results in electrons being pulled very close to the nucleus as compared to lighter elements (hence more Coulombic attractive force). Another effect of electrons being pulled in that closely results in the electrons moving at speeds close to the speed of light and becoming heavier than expected due to relativistic mass expansion. The combination of more Coulombic attraction and heavier electrons means the outer shell electron of Francium has a higher ionization energy than expected.
@@deusexaetherabecause francium is a heavier element, it’s more positively charged for its size compared to elements like cesium or potassium. So it holds its electrons tighter which means more velocity, which at those speeds on those scales basically creates mass, or at least pseudo-mass. This makes it harder for it to be attracted to a different nucleus. Cesium is actually right up at the limit before this effect takes place
Action Lab - " I still prefer Sodium for some Good Explosions"
FBI - 👀
also gonna pound the long rod
Come on bro, this isn't the first time you put a picture of a pool on the thumbnail and then use a bucket of water in the video
I was going to watch the whole video but i saw the comment 😐
barely 2 litres 😂
Man I love your channel; each post is so appreciated! Thank you dude.
never really "got" chemestry when I was in school, but through your videos explaining the little picture it's making a lot more sense.... wouldve been really helpful about 45 years earlier...cheers
I was sad for this nice caesium vial, but I read here you may be able to get some of it back. Looking forward to a followup.
I love this channel! I also love how he chuckles at the really cool stuff.
This is amazing! Perfect demo!
Is it just me or have your experiments been way more intense lately? 😂 Not complaining haha
Cesium: “Sorry, this time it is underwater experiment “
Vacuum chamber: “ Hold my beer….”
One of the greatest and most memorable experiences of my life was given to me by an educator. I'll be vague as he isn't dead yet. He was very creative in his methods. He introduced a handful of us to the reactivity of sodium by chucking a large block of it into a small body of water. It exploded quite a few times. The chunk didn't come apart for a bit and the explosions were enough to heave it out of the water while it was still one piece. I chose "heave" on purpose as it was more of a riding the wave scenario, but it would leave the surface of the water and travel a bit. They would put him in jail today, but I retained everything he ever tried to teach me.
Glad to see the coulombic explosion explanation is spreading.
I would say the way Cesium reacts with the water comes from it having a low enough melting point to get an instant explosion in a room temperature experiment, unlike Sodium and Potassium which need to melt first (NaK shows the ability for instant explosion probably due to its liquid state at room temp).
Being a liquid reduces the interference from surface oxides as they slough off, and also permits the surface to change as is necessary for the coulombic explosion. Seems like the gas layer created by sodium and potassium delays the explosion which is why you can see them melt before exploding.
At that price , the caesium reaction isn't so much disappointing as heartbreaking.
cesium is actually a solid under ambient conditions, so unless you heated it with your hands to melt it (ca 28 °C), your sample very likely contained some other (earth) alkali metals as impurities stemming from the synthesis of the cesium
This is an excellent presentation.
I love this channel so much 😍 I learn and enjoy the process 👏👏👏👏
What happens when you put Cesium in a pool, letting the fragments hit the water again?
I imagine it'd be pretty crackly
The epa shows up 😂
Fireworks party
There is a video on chucking sodium into a lake which is so funny because the ejected fragments falls back into the water again
I was going to say the same thing!
0:16 I feel it’s worth noting that Francium is actually less reactive than Cesium due to relativistic effects on the electrons found in sufficiently large atoms
The more you know... thx
@@u1zha No problem c:
I lost your channel for so long glad i found it again. I love watching these with my daughter
Excellent work, I’m subscribed!
francium (if you could get some) actually is less reactive than cesium due to quantum effects. It's been a couple years since if've taken quantum chemistry, so i'm not exactly sure why (we didn't study that specifically) but super-heavey elements are less likely to exhibit the same trends as the stable ones in their periodic group. for example Oganesson is predicted to be a solid even the it is in the group of "noble gas"
Thanks for uploading!👍❤️❤️
Thankyou bro.
For introduced of reaction of group 1 alkali metal caesium
The thumbnail literally made me shiver, everyone who studied high school chemistry knows how dangerous it is
i dont remember wich one but thunderfoot did a video a while ago talking about why cesuim reaction in the bathtub was fake. if i recall the other metal was sapose to do more for some reson. maby idk
When I saw the cesium reaction my first thought was "This is a job for the slow-mo guys!" Nice vid, subbed
I love the chuckle when the sodium explodes at the surface
I heard that "frankium" (as James calls it lol 😂😂) would actually be less reactive than cesium due to relativistic effects.
lol I was screaming it's france-ium!
Francium, from the famous European country Frank.
@@Axman6 No, from the country which was once part of the Frankish Empire and is still called Frankreich in German (and similar in related languages).
In Classical Latin the c would be pronounced "k", but in Late Latin it would be "ch", as in modern Italian.
One of the best channels ever. Keeps my passion for science alive.
Gbvv
Tgg
GG
Gg
gg
2:57 love your enthusiasm "explodes on top of the water ha ha".
Curiously I have experience with Cesium under supercritical temperature and pressure in an autoclave with a sapphire rod window. The aim was to measure the reflectance of this metal under extreme circumstances. The optical measurement was through the sapphire window which usually is very resilient. However, cesium completely destroyed the sapphire window within seconds - super aggressive! So we still do not know the optical properties of cesium under supercritical conditions.
That's an awesome story! Pretty terrifying too. Never underestimate the power of a strong reducing agent.
Do you mean you were using supercritical fluid Cs? At 1665 deg C and 93 atm? I don’t think so. But it was inadvisable to heat it under any pressure with an oxide-based window. A diamond window might survive molten Cs at say, supercritical CO2 temperatures.
Pronounced "Fran-see-um", I believe?
Because France and not Frank ye. :D
And jojoba is pronounced with a Spanish _j_
And also less reactive than cesium.
Who cares 😂
@@daltonsoutherland8836Me !
When are you stocking your experiment kits again?
WOW! So cool. Thank you!
"What's your favourite metal?" is a question I never thought that could be asked.
Heavy is my favourite metal 🤘
I like that 90’s funk metal vibe myself
Iron very cool
@@Max_Jacoby I prefer death, black and prog
Cesium is even more reactive than francium. Due to the size of the francium atom, relativistic effects already arise in the electron shell there, which reduce reactivity.
Not many people know that.
You should qualify it by saying "Cesium would be more reactive than Francium... " as Francium can never be collected in enough quantities to study its chemical nature, as any visible samples would instantly vaporize because of its high radioactivity and low half-life. What you quote is theoretical prediction.
awesome and very interesting and love the beard shaver!
My high school chemistry teacher (who was highly overqualified for his job, having a doctorate, many published scholarly papers, etc.) told a story about his younger days in Amsterdam (he was dutch with an accent that went perfectly with the "chemistry professor" gig) when his lab group were moving from one building to another, and they had a big hunk of potassium that they just dropped in a canal. It sank to the bottom and they just sat there and watched because it wasn't reacting, wasn't reacting, wasn't reacting... and then as a gondola approached it, went off like a depth charge with flame and smoke and all that good stuff. Of course, the gondolier had no idea what was going on, and crashed the gondola into the side of the canal trying to avoid the explosion. (But of course, it was going slowly, leisurely, so nobody was hurt.)
I really want to see potassium explode underwater as you said potassium is just right for an explosion so it would be pretty cool.
I’m really enjoying your videos. I’m not a scientist. When you’re telling about these metals, sodium, cesium, etc, can you please say how they are mined? Not sure mined is a correct word, but how do these get collected and what industrial applications do they have?
Through electrolysis, you can easily look up the Wikipedia pages of these elements which will list both lab and industrial processes of producing these highly reactive elements
Thank you for a very informative video. High school stuff yes, but it is actual and present with today's technology. Again, I say thank you!
Very cool! hope you got a new sample to replace it!
Great job! Can you also do opening potassium metal vial underwater? Thanks.
I also want to see how does potassium metal reacts with water in vacuum or inert atmosphere or air/oxygen free atmosphere.
Can you do opening a hydrogen bomb underwater?
I have always wondered how powdered Sodium would react. The surface area of a powdered sample should be much greater and increase the reactivity.
It would probably simply burn in air. Too much surface area and humidity in the air.
Love how you start off by telling us what Cesium is. When I clicked this video I was thinking 'wtf is Cesium..?'
Now I know!
I can’t wait for a crossover episode with plutonic quarks.
For those of us who aren't too well versed in such stuff: How is your Caesium capsule, which you handle with your bare hands, different from the Caesium (137) capsule that threw Australia in a panic?
Cesium-137 is an isotope, whereas the cesium he is handling is the normal element.
An isotope is an alteration of an element with the same atomic number (which is the number of protons in the nucleus) but a different atomic mass (caused by a different number of neutrons).
Cesium-137 is an isotope with an atomic mass of 137 compared to the normal 135 of non-altered cesium.
Because of this difference, some isotopes are radioactive (wildly so in the case of cesium-137).
@@MatteoCampinoti94 the only thing I would add to help connect dots for the OP is that the smaller number of neutrons in the highly-radioactive cesium 135 means there's an imbalance between the forces keeping the nucleus together and the interior repulsive forces of the protons pushing against each other. That's what makes it unstable and so happy to split apart in radioactive decay.
Technically speaking the lighter the atom the more energy is released in that reaction, with lithium being the highest and cesium (discounting francium which you will never be able to test) being the lowest. However, more energy released does not equate to a more violent explosion since, as explained in the video, the reaction happens slowly and steadily instead of having everything going out at once.
Yup. He said all that....
The vacuum chamber should get its own channel. Most of the Action Lab madness happens there, even underwater explosions.
It would be so cool to see Action Lab collab with The Slow Mo Guys and see some of these reactions in super slow mo
Cesium melts at 28.5 Celsius, which means it is solid at room temperature. It will melt with the warmth of one's hand as he demonstrated. There are only two elements that are liquid at room temperature (Hg and Br)
Maybe his room is 30 degree. But google says "Different institutes define different standard room temperatures but the worldwide accepted range of room temperature is taken from 20∘C to 25∘C". So ye...
@@d4slaimless thank you. Second comment I saw claiming room temperature to be above 25. That is a pretty warm room by my standards. I dunno the conversion but 68F is ”room temperature” to me, and that is definitely not 29C.
@@XiaolinDraconis there is quite a number of different standard conditions in different areas of science|industry. IUPAC suggests it is temperature of 273.15 K (0°C, 32°F) and an absolute pressure of 100 kPa. Accroding to NIST it is temperature of 20°C (293.15 K, 68°F) and an absolute pressure of 1 atm (101.325 kPa)
However there is also a term in thermodynamics "standard state". Standard state does not specify any temperature, but it is usually refer to 298.15 K (25 °C; 77 °F).
I think 25°C (77°F) is the most applicable number since phase transition is a thermodynamic process. Of course one might argue some different reasons.
Anyway be it 0°C, or 20°C or even 25°C Cesium is solid at those temperatures.
What happens if you break a capsule of water in to Cesium?
And i want to see what happens if the water and sodium are both liquid.
First liquid sodium into water then water into sodium.
It will create a hole in the fabric of time and space
Thanks!
Someone, get this man a new cesium sample; he deserves it.
Can you do a video explaining the suction effect I feel when being passed by a faster moving vehicle?
The answer lies in Mr. Bernoulli's explanation of pressures in moving systems. The total pressure is the sum of a static pressure and a dynamic pressure. You can experience this very easily when you hold two sheets of paper at finger's distance and blow air from your lungs between them. You might expect the papers to move away from each other because you add air and pressure in the room between them. The opposite is true. You replace a part of the static pressure between them with dynamic pressure that has a specific direction, so the static pressure on the outside is greater and pushes the papers together. It's the working principle of injector pumps, carburetors and aircraft wings.
Francium is actually less reactive than cesium…
Crazy.
Love to know more things
I learned of this element in high school and it is similar in structure to the element Sneezyium that causes sneezing.
Action lab is always the first 🥇
If you melted the sodium/potassium before letting it out underwater would it be able to react in a similar instantaneous manner to cesium? My logic goes that pressure from the hydrogen gas would quickly rip the blob of sodium into tiny droplets with much higher surface area and thus force them to react quicker, as opposed to with a solid hunk, which only can react a little bit at a time at the very outside and has time to float to the top before doing anything drastic.
also heating the water would help as heat is a catalyst for most chemical reactions
Or making liquid alloy - NaK! I always wanted to pour it into the water :-)
Or mixing NaK and Cesium into a water bucket to open the gates of hell on your backyard.
I'm from Goiânia and i just saw Cesium and i knew u had the deal
I didn't know that was why alkali metals got more reactive in order! Very cool.
If you put a francium in water you would create a horrible nuclear explosion
Can you talk about the Beirut ammonium nitrate explosion? I just was looking at videos, and I was really curious about how this happened.
ammonium nitrate which is a fertilizer went kaboom
Great suggestion, especially for an eye witness of what happened that day like myself but basically you only need 2 main ingredients to make any compound blow this way which they are corrupt government officials and stupidity all at once!
@@daizdamien1409 Sorry, I meant more like what causes the explosion on a chemical level/storage procedure for volatile chemicals/tannerite... There's lots of interesting stuff you could delve into around the topic...
@@waelfadlallah8939 Wow! Sounds/looks terrifying! But also very interesting! But also very sad!
@@vagabondcaleb8915 appreciated! And worth noting that after 4 years of that blast, people are still recovering and the intresting fact that only a fraction of the ammonium nitrate exploded while the other portion is just blown away. It was classified as the second most powerful explosion in history leaving an entire city damaged and affected on a different levels.
Can you please try this with NaK (Soduim + Potassium). It is also a liquid at room temperature. And highly reactive
Thunderf00t has a series on that. He was trying to figure out why it exploded, and he decided it's not hydrogen gas, but a columbic expansion. I'm hoping he turns it into a weapon.
amazing video!! Although for the future clipping nails is a must
Wow! It is surprisingly underwhelming! However afterwards you can piece together why.
Cesium is not a liquid at rt, it melts at like 84F, solidly above room temp, similar to gallium. Secondly, francium is not pounced like frank, its fran-see-uhm.
Ive been in many rooms that were 84f. Including joes room...
@potatopobobot4231 of course, a room in the Mohave desert could be way hotter than a room in iceland.. but "room temperature" is generally accepted to be 70F, or 20C. The difference in room temperature is exactly the reason that "room temp" is a specific number. And the only elements that are liquids at RT are mercury and bromine.
Leider love to see this experiment again in a colab with the Slow Mo Guys 🔥
What a feeling of getting up to speed to feel the universe !
Always enjoy your entertaining info packed vids. Just curious, how much did the vial of cesium cost?
Thanks. In my high school days, we'd wait for a heavy thunderstorm at night. We'd put a cherry-size chunk of potassium in the pocket of our homemade wrist-rocket-type slingshots and shoot it through the heavy rain. The potassium had enough mineral oil on it so that nothing happened when airborne, but when it landed a block away on the wet street, it would explode with light, and sparks, and a lot of white smoke. The neighbors didn't have a clue to what happened. But yes, potassium was our favorite. But we also liked sodium.
Perfect as today is periodic table day!
Nice timing of video to coincide with the radioactive caesium that was lost in Western Austrlaia (and found). luckily it was lost in the desert, away from any water sources.
Wow, thanks, that was interesting!
I love your videos :D
What i love about this is that i have no profesional formation of quimestry but the moment he says "electrons" I guess "he gon say hydrogen" it's satisfying af 🤣🤣❤️
By your grammar, I would say "lucky guess".
I work in the Oil and Gas industry; when drilling extremely high-pressure formations, we use Cesium Formate as the drilling mud to counter the pressures. My question is, how is the Cesium stabilized? An interesting fact about the Cesium Formate is that you can't buy it; you must rent it. For offshore jobs, a boat pulls alongside and delivers it to the rig. The ship stays until the job is done, and you must pump it back to the ship. As you can imagine, it is a costly operation. Rough numbers - Gulf of Mexico Sea Water is about 9 pounds per gallon. Cesium Formate is in the 20 pounds per gallon range.
Your videos are so good I'll accept that the last third of the video is an ad lol.
Cant believed manscaped actually sponsored the action lab
A Cesium additive was used in the jet fuel of the Blackbird spy plane that ionize in the exhaust stream to scramble enemy heat sensors from detecting the aircraft giant afterburners. It would be interesting to see your experiment using kerosene instead of water.
I'm kind of curious what hands up doing with the water with the metallic salts in it now. I'm sure the water can be boiled down to just the salts, but I'm unsure how reclaimable the salts would be and or if it would be worth his time and effort
I learned more about Manscaped than about cesium from this video.
Bob: imma eat banana
Me: NOOO!!!
Bob: explodes*
Curious are there any different reactions between fresh water vs sea water?
I appreciate the addition of background sound, however it was a bit anxious making
“See Zee Um” is a funny word and it’s mentioned a lot here. Thumbs up! 🎉
Keep going love you videos
What i learned from this is, no matter how much fire, or what ever problem you have. Enough water can deal with it!
That pneumatic spring effect seems like it should be the inverse of cavitation.
My god this channel I love it
Actionlab & veritasium collab will be the best collab