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@@dimascell5345 i was 14 yrs old when it happened. I was at 3km from crah site and my mom and I saw plane in difficulties in the air before it went down.
@@andrewtaylor940 Newark Airport in NJ was also renamed Newark Liberty Airport after 9/11; it was the airport where United Airlines Flight 93 took off from that tragic day. And for bonus points, the jetway from United 93's gate (A17) was preserved after the original Terminal A was demolished; it's now at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center in Glynco, Georgia.
The flight crew did a sterling job by pulling off the 90 degree banks, clearly seat of the pants pilots, its just a shame they ran out of altitude, but damn they knew their shit.
It’s always a bit extra heartbreaking with ones like this where the pilots showed an exceptional amount of skill, but the circumstances were so severe they crashed anyways. JAL 123 is another example, nobody in simulators could keep a 747 in that state aloft for a fraction of the time that crew managed.
Some believe it was sabotage I've heard suggested over the years. Not saying I believe that, if there was a history of this plane having issues prior, that would be logical.
@@jenniferd.w.357 Considering the -320 model of the 707 was originally designed with a shorter tailfan and without a ventral fin (the ventral fin being the thing under the elevators) being used to improve the overall controlability of the aircraft, it could be possible. According to one source I found on OO-SJB, the aircraft underwent the needed modifications on 1/11/1961 and was returned to service on 2/9/1961, literally less than a week before the accident could highlight maybe something went wrong during the modifications?
I remember this accident very well, as I was working with SABENA at the time ... 1960-1968. It was my very first employment in the Airline business ... I started with "SN", then went on to "Pan American" and finally with Delta Air Lines ... All of them at Brussels Airport in various ground operations capacities.
In Bulgaria we also have our own tragedy similar to Sabena 548 - on 16 March 1978 a Balkan Bulgarian flight scheduled for Warsaw from Sofia crashed down near the village Gabare shorthly after take-off. All 73 members on the plane (a Tupolev Tu-134) perished in the crash (the deadliest involving a Bulgarian airline and on Bulgarian soil) - among the victims were members of the Polish track cycling team and the Bulgarian national rhythmic gymnastics team. Now, this on its own could've been an interesting topic for a video here, but unfortunately there isn't any official documents about any investigations on the accident (as it was during the Cold War) and the official "cause" was a "malfunction of eletrical installation" and was quickly forgotten by the authorities. This raise speculations til this day that the plane had either collided with a Bulgarian Air Force MiG-21 plane, or was even shot down by accident due to the village of Gabare housing at the time a Warsaw Pact millitary base nearby. Speaking of Bulgaria, the Cold War and airpline incidents being covered up, perhaps one of the most infamous air crashes is that of El Al Flight 402 from London to Tel Aviv being shot down on July 27, 1955 by Bulgarian Air Force planes near the town of Petrich. Petrich is near Bulgaria's borders with Greece and at the time Yugoslavia (now North Macedonia). The plane was shot down since it entered Bulgarian airspace without any authorization and since this was the Cold War after all, Eastern Bloc memebers can intercept or even shoot down any intruder entering their airspace. No international investigation was conducted since (again, this was the Cold War we're talking about) it could be intepreted as admiting that the plane was shot down without primal reason. Israel even files an injunction against Bulgaria for the crash in the International Court of Justice, but the ICJ in The Hauge dismisses it as it wasn't under their jurisdiction. It's not until 1964 when the Bulgarian government agrees to pay damages to the relatives of the victims of El Al Flight 402.
This is a very important plane crash to me. It combines two of my special interests, plane crashes and figure skating. This plane crash has a genuine impact on the sport of figure skating. The United States lost not only its best athletes but its coaches as well. Due to this the USA were less dominant in the sport for some years. Post Script: Lol I just noticed you have 70.7k subs 707.
Other skaters had to be brought up sooner than expected...Peggy Fleming finished 6th at Innsbruck in 1964 (Taryn Owen was to have been the top American). And Fleming's winning U.S. championships was viewed as simply for that reason. It wasn't until she won the world championship in 1966 when she was taken more seriously (and earned her an appearance on TO TELL THE TRUTH)--she repeated the following year.
The 707 was lovely but also pretty dangerous, this crash was only the first of many ones involving the stabilizers, notoriously weak on the 707. I could quote at least 4 crashes linked to their malfunction that heppened in the 60s and 70s, the last one being Dan Air cargo flight on May 14th, 1977. (The flight number remains unknown.)
The Douglas DC-8 had both hydraulic and electric-motor actuation of the stabilizer, so failure of one system could probably be compensated for by the other system.
@@johncantwell8216 A system that had its own issues that caused or contributed to at least 2 crashes: Eastern 304, New Orleans, February 1964 and Trans-Canada Airlines (now Air Canada) near Montreal, November 1963.
@@smwca123 That system was the pitch trim compensator, used to counter Mach tuck which occurred when the plane's airspeed approached the transonic region. It was a mechanical device that applied a back force to the F/O's control column. Concorde used a different method to compensate for Mach tuck: it pumped fuel into the tail to counter the aftward shift of the aerodynamic center of lift.
Air France was another one. The plane could not take off, because the stabilizer was jammed in the nose-down direction, even though it was commanded in the other direction. Its electric-motor actuator was burned out.
Thanks for posting. I worked for sabena some 23 years ago. It was a 5 star airline company. We were a big family and we did everything we could to give every customer a great experience.
I experienced that exact thing but in a much smaller plane, the Howard DGA. At 9,500 feet, the jack screw that controls the horizontal stabilizer stripped out, the stabilizer went straight down, the nose went straight up, the plane went into a spin, I got the spin under control but the nose returned to near straight up. I quickly reduced power to idle, shoved the wheel full forward before it stall/spun again. Pressure on the wheel was so severe I couldn't hold it so I put my right knee on it. With idle power I landed at a nearby airport shaking beyond belief.
@@batman-telephoneman5479 Yes sir! It certainly did in 1973. I tried to be brief but I had i skydivers outside with six on the rear strut, one on step, one at doorway, one inside. All the turbulence from that, plus my speed at 135 mph to keep it from rolling right plus an already nearly stripped jack screw which was already at fail point, unbeknownst to me....well, it picked a suitable time to fail & fail it did, unmercifully so! Thank you for asking.
@@billcallahan9303 Wow.. that is terrifying. Similar to what happened to Alaska 261 regarding the infamous jackscrew. Highlights the importance of mandatory maintenance on parts like that.
@@Vanadeo Absolutely Vanadeo! And much more vigilance from pilot's like me! Air Alaska?! Yes sir! Absolutely but on a smaller scale. I was very lucky! Thank you for your interest! I have a book out about the amazing luck I've had in 50+ years of flying. The incident we've discussed is in it in greater detail. Check it out if you like. "Over & Back" by Wild Bill Callahan. Amazon. 4.7 stars.
@@billcallahan9303 Thank you very much. I just had a quick look and I am interested, will buy that book soon. I love stuff like that, must have been one helluva time back then. Good to speak to you and Merry Christmas!.
@@princeofcupspoc9073 To me, its not about extra sympathy or being an athlete or some other similar reason. Its about an entire group of ppl being killed together, like an entire school class or a local retiree club or whatever, where a single location, perhaps even a quite small town, lose dozens of their citizens in a single accident. Its never easy to lose some1 like that, whether its a single person or a small family group (like parents and their children), but when fx. a small town loses an entire high school class, the loss is multiplied, coz they all lost some1, and every1 knew several, if not all, of the ppl killed. Its not about athletes, its about the collective trauma. Another example is the Kaprun tunnel disaster. Most killed were tourists, but there were several families wiped out, and almost an entire German skiing club (leasure skiers, not athletes) were killed. Only a handful survived, coz 1 was a volunteer fire fighter and knew what to do, and they talked about all the friends, they had lost, how they couldnt go down a street in their town without looking around, and that house lost 1, so did the neighbor, and 2 died from across the street etc. They were not famous or athletes, just regular ppl, but the huge collective trauma will stay with their families, friends and the rest of that town forever.
@@princeofcupspoc9073 Seems like a pretty worthless remark. Who said he was giving them “extra sympathy?” He was just reminded by it because unlike most plane crashes that usually affect individuals or families, these were crashes that affected entire universities. While it may not be fair compared to other plane crashes, these sorts of crashes generally draw more media attention, therefore it’s easier to remember those crashes. No need to be a douche about it, geez.
I only just realized something - Brussels was the destination of two Flight 548 that ended up in disaster; this flight and BEA Flight 548, the Staines Air Disaster. What a crazy coincidence.
When I flew 727's we were trained on how to recognize and stop a runaway trim. If you look at the video carefully, you will see the black trim wheels on either side of the throttle quadrant have a white stripe to make it obvious they are turning, and they are designed to be grabbed if the trim runs away. What's more, there is a handle that can fold out so that once you turn OFF the electric trim via switches next to the throttles, the non-flying pilot can use these handles to trim the airplane via commands from the flying pilot. You can see these handles folded at 5:37.
In Czechia (or that time Czechoslovakia) in 1975, there was an accident in Prague Václav Havel airport (that time called: Praha - Ruzyně airport). A Douglas DC-9 owned by Yugoslavian airline Index Adria Aviopromet (nowadays a Slovenian airline Adria Airways), was on charter flight from Trivat, Yugoslavia (nowadays Monte Negro) to Prague, Czechoslovakia (Nowadays Czechia). Unlike accident in the video, this accident was a typical "controlled flight into terrain" accident. It was foggy and the ILS was temporarily out of service. The aircraft diverted from course to final approach on runway 25 and crashed into gardening colony in Suchdol district in Prague. 75 people died on spot (71 passengers + 4 crew members), 4 people later succumbed to their injuries (totalling the death toll to 79 people) and 41 people were injured, but survived. The investigation concluded the crash as a controlled flight into terrain. The pilots suffered from spatial disorientation and didn't pay attention to the altimeters. That time GPWS didn't exist yet and this was one of the accidents which speeded up the development of GPWS. Honestly this accident wouldn't happen if GPWS existed that time, since it would start "screaming" at the pilots to pull it up. Interesting fact: This accident is also well known in Czechia by the fact, the Prague Emergency Medical Service responded very quickly and professionally. After 35 minutes, all injured people were transported into various hospitals in Prague. This accident also made a cameo appearance in one episode of a Czechoslovakian TV series "Sanitka" (Czech for: "Ambulance").
My father discourages our family from travelling all together in the same car even. Though we have no accidents history. I guess old folks have their own wisdom which may seem illogical to us.
Im not sure if you take requests or suggestions, but a flight you may not have heard of is Burgoynes Cove B-36 Crash in Newfoundland. I live around there and hiked up to see the crash sit not long ago, the pieces of the plane are still scattered everywhere and the tale is pretty interesting! Regardless amazing video as always!!!
Thank you for this explanation. My grandfather was also on this flight and I have had a hard time finding information or an explantation of what went wrong on this flight. I only wish you had mentioned that there were others on this flight whose lives were just as important as the skaters (and maybe named them).
Thank you covering lesser known air disasters. I'm someone that watches a lot of content on them and this was a new one for me. I'm planning on joining your Patreon sometime soon.
Why are the names of the cabin crew never even mentioned in these posts? They're part of the crew and often play a vital part in the outcome of any incident.
I've never been this early. I love your show so much and it's crazy because I was just watching a 20/20 special last night about the Boeing 737 Max crashes and I immediately thought of you.
@@kirilmihaylov1934 It's so scary and so sad. To think that Airbus had them so shook that they would play with the lives of pilots, crew and civilians. It makes me wonder if I flew one in the past and didn't realize it. But then I stop myself because that would make me afraid to fly.
Interesting. I'm an old man now and I remember that in the 60's there were some dramatic crashes involving B707. I know that it became eventually a very popular and successful aircraft but in the back of my mind I have always had this strange feeling that it was not a safe aircraft. Most likely this crash had something to do with the elevator trim. Does that ring a bell? Looks like a chronic condition with Boeing ...
Not just Boeing. Look at Air France 447 (Airbus}, China Airlines 676 (Airbus), Alaska Airlines 261 (Douglas), Delta 1080 (Lockheed), & I'm sure there are many more. The Boeing issues are more than 50 yrs apart. I would hardly call that chronic.
I have a bit of a request- can you do a disaster breakdown Northwest Airlines flight 255? I know a family friend who was effected by that flight indirectly so I wanna know more about it and I've been watching you for a couple of months now wondering if you ever would keep up the great content and have a good New Year
A modification was made to the stab trim selector switches on the control column. The system has 2 inputs 1 to operate the drive motor & the other to engage the clutches for nose up or down. The original switches were a one movement operation that engaged the respective clutch and the motor together. The modified switch has 2 selectors, Look closely at the control columns in the video. One switch controls the motor & the other the clutches. Therefore there is no chance of contacts sticking in a switch & causing a stab trim runaway.
hey im a relatively new subscriber and i just wanted to say i love your channel. it looks like a lot of work goes into your videos and it is all very interesting stuff. keep it up!
Keep up the excellent work Chloe! 👏 Your episodes are far more engaging and interesting that the latest series of Air Crash Investigation. I love that you focus on historic flight crashes whereas they’ve now started focusing on modern small virtually unheard of crashes which are far less interesting.
The animation, although well done, shows a later version of the 707 than the one involved in the crash. OO-SJB was an earl;y turbojet powered version. They were fitted with Pratt and Whitney JT4 turbojets. Later 707s had Pratt and Whitney J73D low bypass turbofans. The images show the latter type of nine.
The ones with pure jet engines were underpowered and thirsty, so they were slow to get off the ground and their range was limited. The turbofan-powered ones were very nice, I still fondly remember an 11 hour flight from Gatwick to Vancouver.
Pity there was no model featuring the proper JT4 engines rather than the JT3D used in the video. Interesting note the same flight number 548 involved a BEA Trident flying to Brussels in June 1972.
It is understandable that an accident, whether by plane or bus, draws significant additional interest when an entire team or group of athletes perishes in the event. But it does seem as though the attention in the media sometimes causes a few in the general public reaction to wonder why it appears that there is less concern about the other victims that were lost. Certainly the loss of ANY single life as a result of an accident of this type is very sad.
Great video, and thank you for considering all of the parties involved. I remembering a documentary on this crash where Dick Buttons was interviewed and how devastated he was decades later by the loss of his friends and rivals. A note of constructive criticism (you are so close to being AWESOME), watch the stock footage. I noticed that the farming video you used was post-2010. Very minor point. Happy Holidays!
Hmm... this was an interesting video. Not just because this was an accident I had never heard of, it also revealed why stabilizer trim cutout switches exist on Boeing aircraft like the 737. So runaway trim had been a problem on Boeing planes right from the start...
Love your videos, so many accidents and incidents are covered that I hadn't heard (much) about before! So glad that almighty algorithm recommended your channel to me! Keep up the great work! 😃
The U.S. FAA in 1961 was called Federal Aviation Agency, under which name it was founded in 1958 as a Presidential agency. It became the Federal Aviation Administration in 1967, becoming part of the Department of Transportation which was created at that time. Also created at that time was the National Transportation Safety Board, which took over the investigative function.
Great vlog as always! I have not seen anything about this accident before. That is bad when you have big groups onboard. Not good. Runaway trim. Same as the Max…. Say no more.
this was kind of a reward to myself after a very long day, and it was as always super interesting! i'd heard of this one in passing but didn't know that the official cause was undetermined (must have been very unnerving for boeing to know you have a potential problem with your plane and have absolutely no idea what it is)
Sabina is another defunct airline I've been on circa 1983 but only a short hop Brussels to London.We flew from Johannesburg to Luxembourg on a 707 with Lux Air then they bused you to Brussels for onwards flights.I don't know what it was on the Brussels London flight something smallish like a 727 or 737.
My elementary school was named Vinson-Owen, in honor of 2 of the people that died in this crash, Maribel Vinson-Owen and her daughter, also named Maribel. I knew they died in a plane crash, but never thought to look up the circumstances. And there it was, a YT recommendation. Thanks
Some irritated customers claimed SABENA stood for Such A Bad Experience Never Again. In fact, it was a very progressive company, being the first to use helicopers for international connections, and indeed, one of the first that bought the modern US jet airliners. As for quality on board, it certainly was a match for most other European companies, and the hostesses were at least as beautiful. I guess the irritation rather came from strikes, when the company came in dire straits after the 1970's skyrocketing prices for jet fuel.
@@smwca123 Being Belgian, I am aware of that of course... But as said, not so pleased customers made their own version of that. Just like FORD became in Dutch Ford Onderdelen Rammelen Direct and in French Fabrication Ordinaire, Réparation Difficile. And of course those frivolous variations were as exaggerated as the noses and ears in cartoons of politicians.
@@smwca123 The Flemish too used the French abbreviation for SABENA, because the word is easy to remember and almost a little melody. Actually, I'm working almost next to the former SABENA building in Brussels, which is next to the Central Station. And at one time I was working next to the Brussels administration who was providing outsourcing to the former SABENA people. It was quite a social catastroph. SABENA had been quite a pioneering company, for example it was the first one with an international helicopter line, and if I'm correct, it was the first or at least one of the first European companies which bought the Jumbo Jet. The reason why SABENA only had one name and the SNCB/NMBS two is because the latter is a public service and the previous one a private company. Hence, also the name of fire arms producer FN (Fabrique Nationale) remains FN in Dutch. When an SNCB / NMBS trains drives from Charleroi to Antwerp, announcements between Charleroi and Brussels are made in French, when it enters the Brussels zone (3 railway stations) announcements are in two languages and when it leaves Brussels for Mechelen/Malines and Antwerp, announcements are only made in Flemish/Dutch. And if one of the train conductors forgets to do this, chances are high there will be complaints the next day at the HQ of the railway company....
Boeing MCAS of the 1960s, then. The solution was exactly the same - pull all the control system breakers! Airline passengers _themselves_ can also pull the Boeing control system breakers before they even board the plane ...by booking onto an Airline that doesn't use Boeings!
The name of the witness of the crash, "De Laet" is not pronounced "De Layet" but "De Laat", with a long AAAA, like using the first A in "Argentina" a bit too long.
thank you for doing these videos, i did not know about this crash. I really appreciate the effort you put in making these for us and hope to see many more. thank you
Yes. Iconic the 707 was, but the other American 1st generation jet, although selling only half the 707, went on to outfly the 707 by some distance. So many more 100000+ hour DC8s than 707s. Boeing were able to sell 707s dirt cheap because they were given military contracts. Douglas still moved 550 odd DC8s despite that lopsided competition.
I give 1 freebie because the adverisement generator called TH-cam is utter trash. But when i have dry my hands and reach out of the shower to hit "skip" multiple times for 1 video, that's an automatic tnumbs down.
Oh for heaven’s sake. The Boeing 720 was a Boeing 707. It was a 707-020, but was only rebranded at the request of United Airlines, who being longtime loyal customers of Douglas Corp, didn’t want to be seen purchasing a variant of the plane that was the direct competitor of the Douglas DC-8. The whole idea of the scheme was ludicrous. And I’m really sure the people over at Douglas, hearing of the deal United brokered with Boeing, just said to themselves, “Whew! I was scared for a minute there, but it’s not a 707 you say? Well then I’m totally fine with losing that money and business to Boeing.”
I’m sorry if this sounds silly but have you ever considering doing analyses of various instances on chaos in the BBC radio comedy “Cabin Pressure”? I’m sure it wouldn’t fit the tone of this channel but if you’re ever looking for something lighthearted after a particularly depressing video or something…
As the FAA have been known to sort of....... shall we say..... bend the truth when Boeing is concerned, it doesn't surprise me that they put the accident down to "undetermined factors" and not a fault with the aircraft. Boeing are an American company with a huge influence in politics and failure is not an option for Boeing, it would be embarrassing for the US. It still goes on today in my opinion, for reference use the Max, 787 and even 777-X at first, although they have now knuckled down and are doing things properly.
Thank you for your videos. I’m not sure why I love these videos so much except my father was a Eastern Airlines pilot through my childhood. These videos always remind me of my many flights with my father as the captain! One that ended in an emergency landing with him having to shut down an engine. Today that isn’t a big issue usually but back then it was. These stories always break my heart I find myself Thanking God and my father that I am still here with all the flights I took back in the 80’s. R.I.P. to those lost on this flight. Love and prayers to there family’s that still miss them today. Every crash that ends in anyone passing away is heartbreaking with this one being Especially so with so many talented people on board. I know the pilots did everything they could to have a better outcome. ♥️♥️♥️♥️♥️♥️♥️♥️♥️♥️♥️🙏🏽🙏🏽🙏🏽🙏🏽🙏🏽🙏🏽🙏🏽🙏🏽🙏🏽🙏🏽🙏🏽🙏🏽
I just wonder if the problem was with the stabilizer trim motor, which was the cause of the Air France 707 crash at Orly the next year. That crash killed many civic leaders from Atlanta, Georgia..
could you cover the Convair 240 N55VM crash that took three members of Lynyrd Skynyrd, their road manager, and two of the crew? it's not terribly complicated, but it's memorable for older fans of Southern rock.
The 707 was not only fast and had reach, it could also do barrel rolls, as Tex Johnston showed in 1955 (Or rather the 367-80 prototype that was developed into the 707)
Just about any plane can do a barrel roll if it has the power... its principle is that the acceleration felt by the aircraft relative to itself remains constant (1g). See videos of Bob Hoover pouring a drink in a Shrike Commander while executing a barrel roll.
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FC PCB
@@dimascell5345 i was 14 yrs old when it happened. I was at 3km from crah site and my mom and I saw plane in difficulties in the air before it went down.
For those who don't know, Idlewild is the airport in southern Queens, and was renamed after John F. Kennedy a month after his assassination
And LaGuardia was the Marine Air Terminal or North Beach Airport.
@@andrewtaylor940 Newark Airport in NJ was also renamed Newark Liberty Airport after 9/11; it was the airport where United Airlines Flight 93 took off from that tragic day. And for bonus points, the jetway from United 93's gate (A17) was preserved after the original Terminal A was demolished; it's now at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center in Glynco, Georgia.
The flight crew did a sterling job by pulling off the 90 degree banks, clearly seat of the pants pilots, its just a shame they ran out of altitude, but damn they knew their shit.
It’s always a bit extra heartbreaking with ones like this where the pilots showed an exceptional amount of skill, but the circumstances were so severe they crashed anyways. JAL 123 is another example, nobody in simulators could keep a 747 in that state aloft for a fraction of the time that crew managed.
Some believe it was sabotage I've heard suggested over the years. Not saying I believe that, if there was a history of this plane having issues prior, that would be logical.
Agreed, they tried hard. Can't always win with a buggered 'plane.
@@jenniferd.w.357 Considering the -320 model of the 707 was originally designed with a shorter tailfan and without a ventral fin (the ventral fin being the thing under the elevators) being used to improve the overall controlability of the aircraft, it could be possible. According to one source I found on OO-SJB, the aircraft underwent the needed modifications on 1/11/1961 and was returned to service on 2/9/1961, literally less than a week before the accident could highlight maybe something went wrong during the modifications?
This sircraft had the ventral wing. A photograph of the U.S. Figure Skating Team next to this aircraft at Idlewild clearly shows the ventral wing.
I remember this accident very well, as I was working with SABENA at the time ... 1960-1968. It was my very first employment in the Airline business ... I started with "SN", then went on to "Pan American" and finally with Delta Air Lines ... All of them at Brussels Airport in various ground operations capacities.
In Bulgaria we also have our own tragedy similar to Sabena 548 - on 16 March 1978 a Balkan Bulgarian flight scheduled for Warsaw from Sofia crashed down near the village Gabare shorthly after take-off. All 73 members on the plane (a Tupolev Tu-134) perished in the crash (the deadliest involving a Bulgarian airline and on Bulgarian soil) - among the victims were members of the Polish track cycling team and the Bulgarian national rhythmic gymnastics team. Now, this on its own could've been an interesting topic for a video here, but unfortunately there isn't any official documents about any investigations on the accident (as it was during the Cold War) and the official "cause" was a "malfunction of eletrical installation" and was quickly forgotten by the authorities. This raise speculations til this day that the plane had either collided with a Bulgarian Air Force MiG-21 plane, or was even shot down by accident due to the village of Gabare housing at the time a Warsaw Pact millitary base nearby.
Speaking of Bulgaria, the Cold War and airpline incidents being covered up, perhaps one of the most infamous air crashes is that of El Al Flight 402 from London to Tel Aviv being shot down on July 27, 1955 by Bulgarian Air Force planes near the town of Petrich. Petrich is near Bulgaria's borders with Greece and at the time Yugoslavia (now North Macedonia). The plane was shot down since it entered Bulgarian airspace without any authorization and since this was the Cold War after all, Eastern Bloc memebers can intercept or even shoot down any intruder entering their airspace. No international investigation was conducted since (again, this was the Cold War we're talking about) it could be intepreted as admiting that the plane was shot down without primal reason. Israel even files an injunction against Bulgaria for the crash in the International Court of Justice, but the ICJ in The Hauge dismisses it as it wasn't under their jurisdiction. It's not until 1964 when the Bulgarian government agrees to pay damages to the relatives of the victims of El Al Flight 402.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_Balkan_Bulgarian_Tupolev_Tu-134_crash
I heard about the 1955 crash, but I don't know much about it.
thanks for sharing this info with us + rip to the victims
That's very very interesting. A video of this.would be nice, even though the official details are scant.
This is super interesting, would love to learn more.
This is a very important plane crash to me. It combines two of my special interests, plane crashes and figure skating. This plane crash has a genuine impact on the sport of figure skating. The United States lost not only its best athletes but its coaches as well. Due to this the USA were less dominant in the sport for some years.
Post Script: Lol I just noticed you have 70.7k subs 707.
That's a great observation, about the 707! I hope you have a nice day, and stay safe. ✈️
Not just athletes, not just coaches, but also the judges.
Not sure "LOL" was needed
Other skaters had to be brought up sooner than expected...Peggy Fleming finished 6th at Innsbruck in 1964 (Taryn Owen was to have been the top American). And Fleming's winning U.S. championships was viewed as simply for that reason. It wasn't until she won the world championship in 1966 when she was taken more seriously (and earned her an appearance on TO TELL THE TRUTH)--she repeated the following year.
This is so weird.. I am from Belgium, and this crash was very very recently featured in a newspaper as being completely forgotten..
Hi from Belgium too and hadn't heard of this accident
The 707 was lovely but also pretty dangerous, this crash was only the first of many ones involving the stabilizers, notoriously weak on the 707. I could quote at least 4 crashes linked to their malfunction that heppened in the 60s and 70s, the last one being Dan Air cargo flight on May 14th, 1977.
(The flight number remains unknown.)
The Douglas DC-8 had both hydraulic and electric-motor actuation of the stabilizer, so failure of one system could probably be compensated for by the other system.
@@johncantwell8216 A system that had its own issues that caused or contributed to at least 2 crashes: Eastern 304, New Orleans, February 1964 and Trans-Canada Airlines (now Air Canada) near Montreal, November 1963.
@@smwca123 That system was the pitch trim compensator, used to counter Mach tuck which occurred when the plane's airspeed approached the transonic region. It was a mechanical device that applied a back force to the F/O's control column.
Concorde used a different method to compensate for Mach tuck: it pumped fuel into the tail to counter the aftward shift of the aerodynamic center of lift.
Air France was another one. The plane could not take off, because the stabilizer was jammed in the nose-down direction, even though it was commanded in the other direction. Its electric-motor actuator was burned out.
Thanks for posting. I worked for sabena some 23 years ago. It was a 5 star airline company. We were a big family and we did everything we could to give every customer a great experience.
I experienced that exact thing but in a much smaller plane, the Howard DGA. At 9,500 feet, the jack screw that controls the horizontal stabilizer stripped out, the stabilizer went straight down, the nose went straight up, the plane went into a spin, I got the spin under control but the nose returned to near straight up. I quickly reduced power to idle, shoved the wheel full forward before it stall/spun again. Pressure on the wheel was so severe I couldn't hold it so I put my right knee on it. With idle power I landed at a nearby airport shaking beyond belief.
Did this really happen to u?
@@batman-telephoneman5479 Yes sir! It certainly did in 1973. I tried to be brief but I had i skydivers outside with six on the rear strut, one on step, one at doorway, one inside. All the turbulence from that, plus my speed at 135 mph to keep it from rolling right plus an already nearly stripped jack screw which was already at fail point, unbeknownst to me....well, it picked a suitable time to fail & fail it did, unmercifully so! Thank you for asking.
@@billcallahan9303 Wow.. that is terrifying. Similar to what happened to Alaska 261 regarding the infamous jackscrew.
Highlights the importance of mandatory maintenance on parts like that.
@@Vanadeo Absolutely Vanadeo! And much more vigilance from pilot's like me! Air Alaska?! Yes sir! Absolutely but on a smaller scale. I was very lucky! Thank you for your interest! I have a book out about the amazing luck I've had in 50+ years of flying. The incident we've discussed is in it in greater detail. Check it out if you like. "Over & Back" by Wild Bill Callahan. Amazon. 4.7 stars.
@@billcallahan9303 Thank you very much. I just had a quick look and I am interested, will buy that book soon.
I love stuff like that, must have been one helluva time back then. Good to speak to you and Merry Christmas!.
These disasters where whole sports teams get wipeout reminds me of what happened to the Marshall and Wichita State football teams.
The concept that because a person is an athlete they are worthy of extra sympathy, is particularly egregious.
@@princeofcupspoc9073 To me, its not about extra sympathy or being an athlete or some other similar reason. Its about an entire group of ppl being killed together, like an entire school class or a local retiree club or whatever, where a single location, perhaps even a quite small town, lose dozens of their citizens in a single accident.
Its never easy to lose some1 like that, whether its a single person or a small family group (like parents and their children), but when fx. a small town loses an entire high school class, the loss is multiplied, coz they all lost some1, and every1 knew several, if not all, of the ppl killed. Its not about athletes, its about the collective trauma.
Another example is the Kaprun tunnel disaster. Most killed were tourists, but there were several families wiped out, and almost an entire German skiing club (leasure skiers, not athletes) were killed. Only a handful survived, coz 1 was a volunteer fire fighter and knew what to do, and they talked about all the friends, they had lost, how they couldnt go down a street in their town without looking around, and that house lost 1, so did the neighbor, and 2 died from across the street etc. They were not famous or athletes, just regular ppl, but the huge collective trauma will stay with their families, friends and the rest of that town forever.
@@princeofcupspoc9073
Why do people like you always feel the need to make a snotty comment.?
@@princeofcupspoc9073 Seems like a pretty worthless remark. Who said he was giving them “extra sympathy?” He was just reminded by it because unlike most plane crashes that usually affect individuals or families, these were crashes that affected entire universities. While it may not be fair compared to other plane crashes, these sorts of crashes generally draw more media attention, therefore it’s easier to remember those crashes.
No need to be a douche about it, geez.
@@alhanes5803 anime pfp
This channel is a treasure and we very much aporeciate the work you put into them. Aunt Barbara adores you!
Hello aunt barbara! I love the airplane investigations too! ✈✈✈
Never heard of that one . Great job mate
What figure skaters do is amazing. Such a shame, although any loss of life is a shame.☹️
I only just realized something - Brussels was the destination of two Flight 548 that ended up in disaster; this flight and BEA Flight 548, the Staines Air Disaster.
What a crazy coincidence.
I enjoyed your way of telling this tragic story.
Rest in Peace, after all these years.
When I flew 727's we were trained on how to recognize and stop a runaway trim. If you look at the video carefully, you will see the black trim wheels on either side of the throttle quadrant have a white stripe to make it obvious they are turning, and they are designed to be grabbed if the trim runs away. What's more, there is a handle that can fold out so that once you turn OFF the electric trim via switches next to the throttles, the non-flying pilot can use these handles to trim the airplane via commands from the flying pilot. You can see these handles folded at 5:37.
That picture of all of the US Figure Skating Team and two crew members with the plane is absolutely haunting.
Where is that pic. I didn't see it in this video
Oh ok. Found it 👍
In Czechia (or that time Czechoslovakia) in 1975, there was an accident in Prague Václav Havel airport (that time called: Praha - Ruzyně airport). A Douglas DC-9 owned by Yugoslavian airline Index Adria Aviopromet (nowadays a Slovenian airline Adria Airways), was on charter flight from Trivat, Yugoslavia (nowadays Monte Negro) to Prague, Czechoslovakia (Nowadays Czechia). Unlike accident in the video, this accident was a typical "controlled flight into terrain" accident. It was foggy and the ILS was temporarily out of service. The aircraft diverted from course to final approach on runway 25 and crashed into gardening colony in Suchdol district in Prague. 75 people died on spot (71 passengers + 4 crew members), 4 people later succumbed to their injuries (totalling the death toll to 79 people) and 41 people were injured, but survived.
The investigation concluded the crash as a controlled flight into terrain. The pilots suffered from spatial disorientation and didn't pay attention to the altimeters. That time GPWS didn't exist yet and this was one of the accidents which speeded up the development of GPWS. Honestly this accident wouldn't happen if GPWS existed that time, since it would start "screaming" at the pilots to pull it up.
Interesting fact: This accident is also well known in Czechia by the fact, the Prague Emergency Medical Service responded very quickly and professionally. After 35 minutes, all injured people were transported into various hospitals in Prague.
This accident also made a cameo appearance in one episode of a Czechoslovakian TV series "Sanitka" (Czech for: "Ambulance").
I lived in Czechoslovakia and remember vagely the Adria accident. Thanks for mentioning it.
RIP all the offers of the disater
And, if i remember right, US figure skate team basically mandate that no group travel together again. Unless necessary
My father discourages our family from travelling all together in the same car even. Though we have no accidents history. I guess old folks have their own wisdom which may seem illogical to us.
I am a figure skater currently, and this tragedy cut deep with me.
Cutting the Edge
Just stay away from flights. Use a boat
Im not sure if you take requests or suggestions, but a flight you may not have heard of is Burgoynes Cove B-36 Crash in Newfoundland. I live around there and hiked up to see the crash sit not long ago, the pieces of the plane are still scattered everywhere and the tale is pretty interesting! Regardless amazing video as always!!!
Thank you for this explanation. My grandfather was also on this flight and I have had a hard time finding information or an explantation of what went wrong on this flight. I only wish you had mentioned that there were others on this flight whose lives were just as important as the skaters (and maybe named them).
To Americans only American lives and dogs are important.
Thank you covering lesser known air disasters. I'm someone that watches a lot of content on them and this was a new one for me. I'm planning on joining your Patreon sometime soon.
Why are the names of the cabin crew never even mentioned in these posts? They're part of the crew and often play a vital part in the outcome of any incident.
I've never been this early. I love your show so much and it's crazy because I was just watching a 20/20 special last night about the Boeing 737 Max crashes and I immediately thought of you.
This is not the first time Boeing are doing such things
@@kirilmihaylov1934 It's so scary and so sad. To think that Airbus had them so shook that they would play with the lives of pilots, crew and civilians. It makes me wonder if I flew one in the past and didn't realize it. But then I stop myself because that would make me afraid to fly.
@@cutie5lexis and I believed in America
You ain't never lie!
So Airbus planes never crash? Wow….
Bill Burr basically said he watches your videos on the pat McAfee show. How cool.
ayo i spotted a mistake.
why is there a air india 777 in 1961 the first 777 was released in 1995 1:33
I love the Air India 777 that's just casually 50 years out of place.
Wondering if it would've helped had they landed on their first attempt (if the previous plane was cleared earlier) or would it have been the same?
Interesting. I'm an old man now and I remember that in the 60's there were some dramatic crashes involving B707. I know that it became eventually a very popular and successful aircraft but in the back of my mind I have always had this strange feeling that it was not a safe aircraft.
Most likely this crash had something to do with the elevator trim. Does that ring a bell? Looks like a chronic condition with Boeing ...
stripped jack screw. there's gotta be a better way.
Not just Boeing. Look at Air France 447 (Airbus}, China Airlines 676 (Airbus), Alaska Airlines 261 (Douglas), Delta 1080 (Lockheed), & I'm sure there are many more. The Boeing issues are more than 50 yrs apart. I would hardly call that chronic.
@@bobvicki
Watch it!!!!
You're gonna hurt the feelings of a bunch of poor lil Airbus fans.
They like to make believe none have ever crashed....
@@leecowell8165 I don't think the jackscrew was stripped on Sabena 548. The investigators would have found it that way.
I miss the 707 - it was a beautiful plane.
Join the Air Force. They have plenty of old 707 airframes flying in various configs!
Morrorblue
UNTIL IT CRASHES
@@dougchance8891
Without a 707, and DC 8, there would not be an Airbus of any kind.
0 notta none.
@@VisibilityFoggy The KC-135 is a narrower precursor of the 707, though true 707's also fly for the USAF.
@@alhanes5803 I doubt that. Please back up your theory.
Today is the tragic 63rd Anniversary of the plane crash that took place on February 15, 1961.
Rest in Peace.
I have a bit of a request- can you do a disaster breakdown Northwest Airlines flight 255? I know a family friend who was effected by that flight indirectly so I wanna know more about it and I've been watching you for a couple of months now wondering if you ever would
keep up the great content and have a good New Year
Wasn't that the crash where a little girl was the sole survivor out of everyone on board?
@@CherryFrog321 yeah it was she was like 4 I think
I really enjoy your unique presentations, and look forward to many more!
A modification was made to the stab trim selector switches on the control column. The system has 2 inputs 1 to operate the drive motor & the other to engage the clutches for nose up or down. The original switches were a one movement operation that engaged the respective clutch and the motor together. The modified switch has 2 selectors, Look closely at the control columns in the video. One switch controls the motor & the other the clutches. Therefore there is no chance of contacts sticking in a switch & causing a stab trim runaway.
hey im a relatively new subscriber and i just wanted to say i love your channel. it looks like a lot of work goes into your videos and it is all very interesting stuff. keep it up!
Must say that's the first time I've noticed you didn't mention the cockpit crews age and flight experience.
Keep up the excellent work Chloe! 👏 Your episodes are far more engaging and interesting that the latest series of Air Crash Investigation. I love that you focus on historic flight crashes whereas they’ve now started focusing on modern small virtually unheard of crashes which are far less interesting.
I never knew about this accident…got another video to watch now 👍
It is thanks to viewers that I heard about this incident
@@DisasterBreakdown I didn't know it too
The animation, although well done, shows a later version of the 707 than the one involved in the crash. OO-SJB was an earl;y turbojet powered version. They were fitted with Pratt and Whitney JT4 turbojets. Later 707s had Pratt and Whitney J73D low bypass turbofans. The images show the latter type of nine.
The ones with pure jet engines were underpowered and thirsty, so they were slow to get off the ground and their range was limited. The turbofan-powered ones were very nice, I still fondly remember an 11 hour flight from Gatwick to Vancouver.
Pity there was no model featuring the proper JT4 engines rather than the JT3D used in the video. Interesting note the same flight number 548 involved a BEA Trident flying to Brussels in June 1972.
This number is cursed
Forgotten US Olympic 1980 Boxing Team crash..in Belgium in 1980.
Best of luck in your personal journey, Disaster Breakdown. :)
Thank you. I never heard the details of this flight. Good job.
This is not the first time Boeing make mistakes with stabilizers and so on...
Your point, O High and Mighty? And what have you designed lately? A yo-yo?
@Melon Husk not always but yes ....
It is understandable that an accident, whether by plane or bus, draws significant additional interest when an entire team or group of athletes perishes in the event. But it does seem as though the attention in the media sometimes causes a few in the general public reaction to wonder why it appears that there is less concern about the other victims that were lost. Certainly the loss of ANY single life as a result of an accident of this type is very sad.
Great video, and thank you for considering all of the parties involved. I remembering a documentary on this crash where Dick Buttons was interviewed and how devastated he was decades later by the loss of his friends and rivals. A note of constructive criticism (you are so close to being AWESOME), watch the stock footage. I noticed that the farming video you used was post-2010. Very minor point. Happy Holidays!
The documentary is titled “Rise”
@@koalapug2771 Thank you.
I have found the trailer on TH-cam. Any suggestion for the completion doc?
Hmm... this was an interesting video. Not just because this was an accident I had never heard of, it also revealed why stabilizer trim cutout switches exist on Boeing aircraft like the 737. So runaway trim had been a problem on Boeing planes right from the start...
are you suprised it was a problem right from the start? Boeing like to hide problems.
Love your videos, so many accidents and incidents are covered that I hadn't heard (much) about before! So glad that almighty algorithm recommended your channel to me! Keep up the great work! 😃
The U.S. FAA in 1961 was called Federal Aviation Agency, under which name it was founded in 1958 as a Presidential agency. It became the Federal Aviation Administration in 1967, becoming part of the Department of Transportation which was created at that time. Also created at that time was the National Transportation Safety Board, which took over the investigative function.
The loss of any life, is a tragic loss of talent.
Great vlog as always! I have not seen anything about this accident before. That is bad when you have big groups onboard. Not good. Runaway trim. Same as the Max…. Say no more.
Cant wait for tragic football club ...
Love your content! Keep up the amazing work.
this was kind of a reward to myself after a very long day, and it was as always super interesting! i'd heard of this one in passing but didn't know that the official cause was undetermined (must have been very unnerving for boeing to know you have a potential problem with your plane and have absolutely no idea what it is)
The image in this video is of the turbo fan 707 however, the plane that crashed was the turbo jet version called series 300.
Thanks for the excellent content! Keep it up! Merry Christmas and Happy New Year!
I can't believe I've never heard of this. Thanks.
for the great video. Hope you feel better soon.
Look forward to your uploads every week. Thanks for the amazing videos.
Sabina is another defunct airline I've been on circa 1983 but only a short hop Brussels to London.We flew from Johannesburg to Luxembourg on a 707 with Lux Air then they bused you to Brussels for onwards flights.I don't know what it was on the Brussels London flight something smallish like a 727 or 737.
Oh no, the opening is already sad. :(
But this will be a great video dude, love your content!
He is cool yes
Stellar choice of background music as always Chloe ✨️
My elementary school was named Vinson-Owen, in honor of 2 of the people that died in this crash, Maribel Vinson-Owen and her daughter, also named Maribel.
I knew they died in a plane crash, but never thought to look up the circumstances. And there it was, a YT recommendation. Thanks
I love the channel and you guys in the comments' section. You are my people.
Thanks for your videos. Happy Holiday.
damn i didn't know about this one , i'll go visit the memorial and put some flowers down for all of us . May they rest in peace !
Some irritated customers claimed SABENA stood for Such A Bad Experience Never Again. In fact, it was a very progressive company, being the first to use helicopers for international connections, and indeed, one of the first that bought the modern US jet airliners. As for quality on board, it certainly was a match for most other European companies, and the hostesses were at least as beautiful. I guess the irritation rather came from strikes, when the company came in dire straits after the 1970's skyrocketing prices for jet fuel.
It's bloody experience!
The name was an acronym for "Société Anonyme Belge d'Exploitation de la Navigation Aérienne".
@@smwca123 Being Belgian, I am aware of that of course... But as said, not so pleased customers made their own version of that. Just like FORD became in Dutch Ford Onderdelen Rammelen Direct and in French Fabrication Ordinaire, Réparation Difficile. And of course those frivolous variations were as exaggerated as the noses and ears in cartoons of politicians.
@@Retroscoop What might the Flemish equivalent have been? Just as the national railway system is SNCB/NMBS.
@@smwca123 The Flemish too used the French abbreviation for SABENA, because the word is easy to remember and almost a little melody. Actually, I'm working almost next to the former SABENA building in Brussels, which is next to the Central Station. And at one time I was working next to the Brussels administration who was providing outsourcing to the former SABENA people. It was quite a social catastroph. SABENA had been quite a pioneering company, for example it was the first one with an international helicopter line, and if I'm correct, it was the first or at least one of the first European companies which bought the Jumbo Jet. The reason why SABENA only had one name and the SNCB/NMBS two is because the latter is a public service and the previous one a private company. Hence, also the name of fire arms producer FN (Fabrique Nationale) remains FN in Dutch. When an SNCB / NMBS trains drives from Charleroi to Antwerp, announcements between Charleroi and Brussels are made in French, when it enters the Brussels zone (3 railway stations) announcements are in two languages and when it leaves Brussels for Mechelen/Malines and Antwerp, announcements are only made in Flemish/Dutch. And if one of the train conductors forgets to do this, chances are high there will be complaints the next day at the HQ of the railway company....
Thanks!
There was a Southern air dc-9 that has a similar crash with a sports team on it, and I think it would make a cool vid
The Marshall University football team in 1970...the basis of the film WE ARE MARSHALL
Boeing MCAS of the 1960s, then.
The solution was exactly the same - pull all the control system breakers!
Airline passengers _themselves_ can also pull the Boeing control system breakers before they even board the plane ...by booking onto an Airline that doesn't use Boeings!
I was thinking the same thing.
Good luck flying then…Airbus planes have problems too!
Sad that it’s gone from “If it’s not Boeing I’m not going!” to “If it’s Boeing I’m not going.”
The name of the witness of the crash, "De Laet" is not pronounced "De Layet" but "De Laat", with a long AAAA, like using the first A in "Argentina" a bit too long.
Such
A
Bad
Experience
Never
Again
thank you for doing these videos, i did not know about this crash. I really appreciate the effort you put in making these for us and hope to see many more. thank you
How interesting. Thanks for sharing 👏👏
Yes. Iconic the 707 was, but the other American 1st generation jet, although selling only half the 707, went on to outfly the 707 by some distance. So many more 100000+ hour DC8s than 707s. Boeing were able to sell 707s dirt cheap because they were given military contracts. Douglas still moved 550 odd DC8s despite that lopsided competition.
No "black" boxes back then. It was one of the reasons that led to the Boxes being developed.
Awesome video!
I have a suggestion for a future upload discussing Federal Express Flight 705.
I give 1 freebie because the adverisement generator called TH-cam is utter trash. But when i have dry my hands and reach out of the shower to hit "skip" multiple times for 1 video, that's an automatic tnumbs down.
No Black Boxes back then?!
Oh for heaven’s sake. The Boeing 720 was a Boeing 707. It was a 707-020, but was only rebranded at the request of United Airlines, who being longtime loyal customers of Douglas Corp, didn’t want to be seen purchasing a variant of the plane that was the direct competitor of the Douglas DC-8. The whole idea of the scheme was ludicrous. And I’m really sure the people over at Douglas, hearing of the deal United brokered with Boeing, just said to themselves, “Whew! I was scared for a minute there, but it’s not a 707 you say? Well then I’m totally fine with losing that money and business to Boeing.”
I hadnt been born for a while yet and there for, had no clue of this accident. How very terribly tragic. I neber knew. Wow. Thank you for doing this.
Boeing, killing you with runaway stabiliser trim since 1961. So nice the 737 max didn't break the tradition.
I’m sorry if this sounds silly but have you ever considering doing analyses of various instances on chaos in the BBC radio comedy “Cabin Pressure”? I’m sure it wouldn’t fit the tone of this channel but if you’re ever looking for something lighthearted after a particularly depressing video or something…
Thank you.
As the FAA have been known to sort of....... shall we say..... bend the truth when Boeing is concerned, it doesn't surprise me that they put the accident down to "undetermined factors" and not a fault with the aircraft. Boeing are an American company with a huge influence in politics and failure is not an option for Boeing, it would be embarrassing for the US.
It still goes on today in my opinion, for reference use the Max, 787 and even 777-X at first, although they have now knuckled down and are doing things properly.
Never heard of this incident. But I have an interest in the B707. My Uncle was a 707 Captain for TWA.
Thank you for your videos. I’m not sure why I love these videos so much except my father was a Eastern Airlines pilot through my childhood. These videos always remind me of my many flights with my father as the captain! One that ended in an emergency landing with him having to shut down an engine. Today that isn’t a big issue usually but back then it was. These stories always break my heart I find myself Thanking God and my father that I am still here with all the flights I took back in the 80’s. R.I.P. to those lost on this flight. Love and prayers to there family’s that still miss them today. Every crash that ends in anyone passing away is heartbreaking with this one being Especially so with so many talented people on board. I know the pilots did everything they could to have a better outcome. ♥️♥️♥️♥️♥️♥️♥️♥️♥️♥️♥️🙏🏽🙏🏽🙏🏽🙏🏽🙏🏽🙏🏽🙏🏽🙏🏽🙏🏽🙏🏽🙏🏽🙏🏽
I just wonder if the problem was with the stabilizer trim motor, which was the cause of the Air France 707 crash at Orly the next year.
That crash killed many civic leaders from Atlanta, Georgia..
A less well known incident. Great video. Keep them coming.
Plane: crashes
Bolt advert: 🎶💃🎶
548 seems to be an unlucky flight number. British European Airways flight 548 stalled and crashed with no survivors as well
Wow, I never knew a whole figure skating team died in a plane crash!😮
I cant think of anything more terrifying. That being said i have a flight monday.
Hey can you send a link of the 707 addon, I cant find it 😅
could you cover the Convair 240 N55VM crash that took three members of Lynyrd Skynyrd, their road manager, and two of the crew? it's not terribly complicated, but it's memorable for older fans of Southern rock.
82ND AIRBORNE
Intro : " What a Beautiful Airplane!! "
The 707 was not only fast and had reach, it could also do barrel rolls, as Tex Johnston showed in 1955 (Or rather the 367-80 prototype that was developed into the 707)
Just about any plane can do a barrel roll if it has the power... its principle is that the acceleration felt by the aircraft relative to itself remains constant (1g). See videos of Bob Hoover pouring a drink in a Shrike Commander while executing a barrel roll.
Its amazing how Boeing have gotten away with such incompetance. The US government made sure that a lot of stuff like this was covered up.
@Disaster Breakdown, do the carmel collision