Free radical reactions | Substitution and elimination reactions | Organic chemistry | Khan Academy

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 1 ม.ค. 2025

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  • @MrUnladenswallow
    @MrUnladenswallow 12 ปีที่แล้ว +497

    i love how he says everything twice, like he knows i am easily distracted XD

  • @agent475816
    @agent475816 9 ปีที่แล้ว +440

    Thanks a lot. You don't understand how much you are helping people from around the world. I can't thank Khan Academy enough for doing what they do. Keep it up!

    • @rezapahlaviisking
      @rezapahlaviisking 7 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      make donations if you really wanna help them

    • @babakhan3999
      @babakhan3999 7 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      Behnam Ghane is this your voice in above videos

    • @natriac.6092
      @natriac.6092 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@rezapahlaviisking .

    • @jqyhlmnp
      @jqyhlmnp 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Baba Khan no

    • @srijan8243
      @srijan8243 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I only liked ur comment bcuz u like GnR

  • @roushangiri4722
    @roushangiri4722 8 ปีที่แล้ว +97

    I personally think that Khan Academy is the best source of online learning. When I first encountered this youtube channel i thought for a second. wait "Would I be able to understand,possibility are there might be few terms which might be used in the video which might not be explained or talked about in my reference book" But trust me, it covers every single term and concept. I sometime wander whether he had read my course book or what lol

    • @fareedahisah3959
      @fareedahisah3959 8 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      I also had the same problem to. Thank God n thank Khan Academy for making it easy for us.

  • @awilson92392
    @awilson92392 11 ปีที่แล้ว +140

    explained better than my professor!

  • @robertsk6939
    @robertsk6939 11 ปีที่แล้ว +14

    Ok. I barely studied this entire semester, got 71, 42 and 50 on my 3 tests and 90 on my final. Thank you so much, I literally learned organic chem I in one night, and aced my final. I honestly just dont get it why cant the teachers be like you, you're so clear and your explanations are wonderful! Thanks again Sal :)

    • @kyonhihorahipadhai
      @kyonhihorahipadhai ปีที่แล้ว +1

      How's life now? It's been 10 years 😄

    • @hegresal-jubury8839
      @hegresal-jubury8839 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@kyonhihorahipadhaifr r u a scientist now a doctor what happened 😂

    • @kyonhihorahipadhai
      @kyonhihorahipadhai ปีที่แล้ว

      @@hegresal-jubury8839 Yeah, we're curious 😸

    • @AzeezShaikh21
      @AzeezShaikh21 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

      No reply unsuccessful 😂

  • @Starpluslover
    @Starpluslover 10 ปีที่แล้ว +29

    why cant you teach at my uni!! you are the best seriously Ive been watching your videos since high school .

  • @leenminr6553
    @leenminr6553 8 ปีที่แล้ว +126

    Not all Heroes wear caps

  • @nephi121
    @nephi121 11 ปีที่แล้ว +80

    btw... 4 mins 55 secs (approx) in he says ''the carbon does the same'', i think he means chlorine

  • @Mardin-wl3kc
    @Mardin-wl3kc 11 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

    Imagine making a video that is watchable even after 13 years

  • @TheMrIndiankid
    @TheMrIndiankid 13 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    1:42 "if it was upto me"................well dont worry sal its completely upto you....the future of chemistry is in ur hands :P

  • @mcatbs9
    @mcatbs9 11 ปีที่แล้ว +19

    You made me love chemistry. Thank you so much.

  • @rajarshi1432
    @rajarshi1432 4 ปีที่แล้ว +22

    Had to watch it twice..got distracted by my face staring back at me.🙃

  • @aaminahhh_
    @aaminahhh_ 5 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    At first I was put off by the rough diagrams but you helped me understand this a lil more. Will surely be returning throughout my A-levels! :)

  • @Thesparky4665
    @Thesparky4665 9 ปีที่แล้ว +14

    Love how you repeat words :P Thanks man

  • @rishabhsinhaiitroorkee7965
    @rishabhsinhaiitroorkee7965 6 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    Respected sir ,
    I am just mesmerised with your teaching .I am from India sir lots of love to you sir

  • @mariaanna4271
    @mariaanna4271 10 ปีที่แล้ว +31

    Explanation that even a dumb like me can understand! Thank you so much, and nice job!

    • @03raq
      @03raq 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      but a dumb like me don't even understand :´´(

    • @abiskarghimire3207
      @abiskarghimire3207 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@03raq lol

  • @nighttenjo
    @nighttenjo 14 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Thank you so much for posting this! Now, I've finally understand what free radical reaction really is about..! =)) Keep up the good work! ^^

  • @mintyhazelleaf
    @mintyhazelleaf 11 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    I love how he repeats stuff! :)

  • @adelzahran3837
    @adelzahran3837 7 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    this is one of the best educational channels out there .

  • @mayeonn
    @mayeonn 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thank you so much for this video!!! 😭😭❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️💕💕💕💕💕💕
    You've helped me a lot!!!!! Love yaaa! ❤️💕💕💕💕💕

  • @abdullahbukhari1469
    @abdullahbukhari1469 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Love you Sal beautiful voice but most importantly you have the ability to teach concepts better than any other

  • @amirulashraf7590
    @amirulashraf7590 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I love this guy. Seriously 😂😂. He can explain in simpler way than my chemistry lecturer.

  • @Calli755
    @Calli755 11 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I got an A on my quiz because of this video!!

  • @babakhan3999
    @babakhan3999 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    i have no words to thanks the great khan academy....

  • @tania-nm1gr
    @tania-nm1gr 7 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    thank you so much, it makes so much more sense

  • @gretawilliams8799
    @gretawilliams8799 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    how to know which molecule forms bonds with which molecule.
    11:26 .
    why chlorine formed bond with hydrogen only, why not other molecules??

  • @marcialbonifacio3285
    @marcialbonifacio3285 7 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thank you for the clear presentation. very helpful

  • @STICKY_
    @STICKY_ 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Thank you so much! You're a life saver. When I become rich I'll make sure to donate lots to Khan Academy. You guys are absolute legends!

    • @bonk_rl
      @bonk_rl 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      i hope youre a millionaire by now

    • @STICKY_
      @STICKY_ 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@bonk_rl i failed my A levels LOL
      Dw just ask me again in 5 years and I’ll say yes

    • @bonk_rl
      @bonk_rl 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@STICKY_ that's the spirit!

    • @katebeast1817
      @katebeast1817 ปีที่แล้ว

      ​@@STICKY_ i hope ur a billionare by now 😅...

  • @ipains
    @ipains 10 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Explained better than my Ph.D

  • @jewelmonsta1342
    @jewelmonsta1342 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you so much Mr Khan! After weeks of trying to understand this process it finally makes sense after watching your video. Thank you.

  • @Natharti_sanatani
    @Natharti_sanatani 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Nice explanation sir!!!

  • @sgtOOX
    @sgtOOX 14 ปีที่แล้ว

    many thanks khan, using your videos for a lot of my upper division classes now

  • @keziaowusu842
    @keziaowusu842 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thanks a lot it has really helped me

  • @patakisfriend
    @patakisfriend 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    These videos help me out soo much! Thanks @khanacademy and this man's voice! :D

  • @ZAsym
    @ZAsym 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    at 4:54 did he mean Cl and not carbon?

  • @AyeshaFaqeer-jv2gr
    @AyeshaFaqeer-jv2gr 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    THANKS A BILLION!!!

  • @sirdamian02
    @sirdamian02 12 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hey Khan, it would be cool if you could put up some videos about retrosynthesis(working backwards) and Lindlar's, NaH, NaNH2, Pd/C and all that jazz. That'd help me out a lot in my ochem class

  • @irakhedkar2749
    @irakhedkar2749 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    thanks khan academy.............u helped me for my chem exam

  • @kelvinsichinga3556
    @kelvinsichinga3556 ปีที่แล้ว

    You just have to love the voice of sal😅

  • @tgdhsuk3589
    @tgdhsuk3589 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    when you realise even at alevel uk they dont go over basic uni notation... ie sn11/2 e1/2
    i mean we are taugh it but not explicitly told what sn2 is etc or the differences

  • @peterluro9809
    @peterluro9809 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for the help! Science Fair in a couple of days... So pumped!

  • @jbsc6180
    @jbsc6180 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    During a UV free radical chlorination you say to use UV light. So just for fun I used the formula E=hf and figured out the charge in joules of a 400 nm UV light (6.626 X 10*-19 J) which is the WEAKEST UV wavelength and I found out it is more than enough joules for homolytic bond cleavage not only in the chlorine BUT ALSO in a Cl/C bond. I found the dissociation bond energies from charts on line. So let us say I have DCM and want to make tetrachloromethane. So if I use the weakest UV...…..400 nm then I have enough energy in the UV to not only break Cl/Cl bonds but also the Cl/C bonds that I want to make. THAT DOES NOT MAKE SENSE ?????????????????? Let us say I want to make benzyl chloride. 400 nm UV light is SLIGHTLY more joules needed to break a benzyl C/H bond (6.26 X 10*-19 J) and WAY MORE THAN ENOUGH to break a benzyl C/Cl bond. Do you see my point. As I make the product the UV light is enough energy to destroy what I make. So how does it work??????????????????? Also the UV light at 400 nm is enough to turn the whole pot of toluene into benzyl radicals that combine with each other as much as the chlorine.....it seems like that would not be good??????????????????????????? Also I looked up the energy needed to break a Cl/Cl bond (4 X 10*-19 J) and that corresponds to a light source of ABOUT 500 nm...……..WHICH IS GREEN VISABLE LIGHT. Although at this point I was really frustrated and started doing math in my head but it is close. So now I am really confused because that means you do not even need UV light to make Cl free radicals. SO is this true?????????? Can I make Cl free radicals with green visible light?????????? IF SO THEN WOULD IT NOT BE BETTER to use 450 nm blue visible light with NO UV light. That way the photons are slightly under the energy needed to break benzyl Cl/C bonds and benzyl C/H bonds and in the case of an ALKYL chloride blue light is not enough to break Cl/C bonds. BUT blue light is good enough to break Cl/Cl bonds so your product wont be destroyed as you make it by UV light. I thought I had a good understanding of free radical halogenation until I did the math. WHAT IS THE DEAL. HELP ME HELP ME HELP ME PLEASE

    • @ayo3416
      @ayo3416 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      I had lost my mind after reading this sir🤣😂

  • @hahahahahahahahah2721
    @hahahahahahahahah2721 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    You are the best😢😢😢😢😢😢😢

  • @Misswhathefck
    @Misswhathefck 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    lol I am so subscribing!!! you are really good explaining! I get extremely lost in my chemistry class. Thank you so much!!

  • @BN-fi9wi
    @BN-fi9wi 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    I think that's cause youre smart - with all due respect and acknowledgement to Sal.

  • @arobertson8137
    @arobertson8137 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    You the man Khan. Never change #ATownBeBallin

  • @rozinisdramblys
    @rozinisdramblys 14 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    You help me a lot! I am ever so grateful : ) Keep it up, you're great!

  • @arifulhaquetomal9520
    @arifulhaquetomal9520 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Love khan academy...amazing !!!!

  • @ebo7604
    @ebo7604 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    best teacher ever!

  • @go-pf4gr
    @go-pf4gr 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    God bless you😭💜💜

  • @papeehajha5146
    @papeehajha5146 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Man you're a genius teacher.

  • @og7583
    @og7583 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    very useful thank u !! 😫😫❤️❤️

  • @munazzaashraf1501
    @munazzaashraf1501 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    superb.. thankss a lot i really gotr a lot of help

  • @hemantrohilla3906
    @hemantrohilla3906 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    the way of teaching is very good 👍

  • @sdghjuhgg
    @sdghjuhgg 9 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    I wish you were my lecturer

  • @ItsSimplyPhina
    @ItsSimplyPhina 13 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    thank you so much...i'm am goin to ace my first year finals...oh yeah....:D

    • @ZAsym
      @ZAsym 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      its been 8 yrs how did u do?

    • @kamaya9907
      @kamaya9907 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@ZAsym I don't need sleep, I need answers.

    • @ZAsym
      @ZAsym 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@kamaya9907 mine went well, I’m happy with my grade :D

  • @abhaysharma6523
    @abhaysharma6523 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    thank-you, lots of love

  • @jesswakka6686
    @jesswakka6686 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    bless Sal Khan's soul

  • @basilammash
    @basilammash 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks Khan.

  • @studytime2403
    @studytime2403 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you. You saved my life.

  • @seematyagi1060
    @seematyagi1060 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    the overall reaction is CH4 + Cl2 > CH3Cl + HCl
    so if once through homolysis chlorine free radicals are formed after breaking the only Cl molecule..then where did another Chlorine molecule come from?

  • @shivanipatel8627
    @shivanipatel8627 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    your explanations are great!

  • @dayeongE
    @dayeongE 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    excellent explanation !! Thanks a lot !!

  • @JVictoria412
    @JVictoria412 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank You so much!!

  • @Ramdogg69
    @Ramdogg69 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great stuff man! The repeating is fine and actually helps.
    Keep doing what you do!

  • @jammerslikesvidds
    @jammerslikesvidds 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    You should've seen my face when everything started making sense lol. Thanks for the amazing explanation

  • @xVbM1
    @xVbM1 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Godly explanation cheers!

  • @ibrahimmuhamad8701
    @ibrahimmuhamad8701 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    thank for this vedio..

  • @giveusye
    @giveusye 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    cheers khan academy, first time watching one of your videos and I am very impressed

  • @arshisid47
    @arshisid47 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Like, i really love your videos and just the whole institution. Thank you.

  • @anushkasingh3050
    @anushkasingh3050 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Why would the free radical of methane not react with the other free radical of chlorine?

  • @fareedahisah3959
    @fareedahisah3959 8 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Thank you very much Khan Academy, you have really been a great help to me, very clear and easy to understand. Keep up the good work. :-)

    • @fareedahisah3959
      @fareedahisah3959 8 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      +Heisenberg Edison what's your problem. u have issues big one at that

    • @gullassad2211
      @gullassad2211 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      shut up

    • @gullassad2211
      @gullassad2211 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      yes, u, world @#$%$!

    • @gullassad2211
      @gullassad2211 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      any prob? then keep it to ur butt

    • @gullassad2211
      @gullassad2211 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      +Heisenberg Edison
      dude, do u kno about the conditions of Pakistan which is an Islamic Republic? if we are Muslims, why would we be killing our own kin? These things hav to be thought about with a chilled mind.

  • @rifathossain6140
    @rifathossain6140 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    THANK YOUUUUUU I LOVE YOU MAN !!!!! YOU SAVED MY LIFE

  • @chachachan8138
    @chachachan8138 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks so much I have never thought I would understand this reaction😊❤

  • @winters0121
    @winters0121 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    THANK YOU SO SO MUCH! I WOULD FAIL SCHOOL WITHOUT KHAN ACADEMY

  • @bludrag105
    @bludrag105 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great video!

  • @sophiawong9948
    @sophiawong9948 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    It saved my Chemistry exam!!!!!

  • @malikumair4471
    @malikumair4471 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Beautifully explained sir !!!
    Thank u

  • @sudharsanpaskaran
    @sudharsanpaskaran 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    thanks sir .. u really gave me a proper understanding about the steps and radicals

  • @wickerrman5859
    @wickerrman5859 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    thank you khan sir

  • @ahsanulhaquesahan7267
    @ahsanulhaquesahan7267 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Watching from Bangladesh

  • @hibah6097
    @hibah6097 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    may god bless u brother, like fr

  • @eastwquach
    @eastwquach 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you sal!

  • @7D7N7A7
    @7D7N7A7 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks a lot!

  • @thechelsdonkor
    @thechelsdonkor 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    thank you sooooooooooo much!

  • @avtandiliturdziladze7184
    @avtandiliturdziladze7184 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    thanks!!

  • @cheeriooss
    @cheeriooss 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    720p looks amazing!

  • @Karan-wz7pt
    @Karan-wz7pt 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    THANKS AGAIN......

  • @XXxSamtarxXX
    @XXxSamtarxXX 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you

  • @volcomg7
    @volcomg7 14 ปีที่แล้ว

    wow! radical man.

  • @goldensilverstar
    @goldensilverstar 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    THANK YOU MY BROTHER

  • @tahseenshafiullah
    @tahseenshafiullah 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    i like this video!

  • @MrJoshuaCoolll
    @MrJoshuaCoolll 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for ur help!! :D

  • @cutekitty145
    @cutekitty145 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you very much

  • @xtremetom180
    @xtremetom180 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    love the video really good

  • @s0m0c
    @s0m0c 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    Gracias.

  • @PocketFullaHeat
    @PocketFullaHeat 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hey there! I wanted to stay thanks for helping me throughout my MCAT studying! However, I thought when Methane reacts with the first chlorine radical and becomes methyl chloride, a second Chlorine is NOT able to react with the methyl chloride create because the C-H bond is no longer weak? In fact, the weakest bond becomes the C-Cl bond because the carbon becomes somewhat positive, so the C-H bond is not that polar, and thus, strong. So it would just replace the current C-Cl bond for another

  • @rawrbowser
    @rawrbowser 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Instructor non-verbal cues purssued im a punk. Glad this video! Diction is good for academic colab commnication.

  • @wickerrman5859
    @wickerrman5859 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    you saved me
    ektu pore presemtatiom ase

  • @norwayte
    @norwayte 14 ปีที่แล้ว

    Good. Keep on going.