Why do countries build new capital cities?
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 4 ต.ค. 2024
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Sources:
A.Schatz, E. (2004). What Capital Cities Say About State and Nation Building. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 9(4), 111-140. doi.org/10.108...
B.Spate, O. (1942). Factors in the Development of Capital Cities. Geographical Review, 32(4), 622-631. doi:10.2307/210000
C. Reps, J. W. (1965). The making of urban America: A history of city planning in the United States. Princeton University Press.
D. www.historytod...
E. www.nationalge...
F. Grimes, A., Matlaba, V. J., & Poot, J. (2017). Spatial impacts of the creation of Brasília: A natural experiment. Environment and Planning A, 49(4), 784-800. doi.org/10.117... (journals.sagep...
G. Schatz, E. (2004). What Capital Cities Say About State and Nation Building. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 9(4), 111-140. doi.org/10.108...
H. (1986). Abuja: the making of a new capital city for Nigeria. 2nd ed. Abuja [Nigeria]: Federal Capital Development Authority.
I. Potter, A. (2017). Locating the government: Capital cities and civil conflict. Research & Politics, 4(4), 2053168017734077.
J. Schatz, E. (2004). What Capital Cities Say About State and Nation Building. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 9(4), 111-140. doi.org/10.108...
K. www.bbc.com/ne...
L.www.telegraph....
Produced by Dave Amos in sunny Sacramento, California.
Edited by Eric Schneider in cloudy Cleveland, Ohio.
In an effort to be fair, I mispronounced place and people names from a wide variety of countries!
Perfect timing for us, our government just announced that the will moving the capital and will starting the process (laws etc) this year.
@@Xperian13 Jakarta is sinking isnt it?
@City Beautiful, I got a chuckle from your pronunciation of Ottawa as “Ah-ta-wa”
That's just my Wisconsin accent coming through!
You're getting a lot more cheeky lately, I think. I like it. :)
New Zealand originally had its capital city in Auckland but had to move it to Wellington under the threat that South island would become it's own independent country. Moving the capital consolidated the islands and the power of the whole region.
If you say so...South Island has a small minority of the country's population and economy due to the mountainous terrain and would not be a wealthy country on its own. Similar to the Upper Peninsula of Michigan or Eastern California or Southern Illinois who often talk of secession.
@@User31129 It was a legitimate concern at the time. Back then they took into account all possible outcomes of population growth. Especially considering the extremely fertile land on offer and the extreme distance from any ally with enough mobility to actually help out. We're talking over one hundred years ago.
@@User31129 South Island had a smaller population but a big mining economy, which was more important at the time.
Silly New Zealand. Didn’t they learn in EU4 to keep there capital there so there is no autonomy?
Maybe the UK should move its capital to Glasgow
Child me: The USA should move their capital to Kansas, to be centrally located.
Adult me: The USA should move their capital to Kansas, to punish the politicians and lobbyists.
And maybe things may have been more equitable. Washington DC has a lot of wealth, a place in the centre of the USA set aside as the DC would've benefited greatly.
@@johnclapshoe8059 DC has wealth because it's the Capital
What are you? An enemy of democracy? No one should ever have to go to Kansas.
Arkansas is the best Kansas.
Based
Egypt is building a new capital too.
It's like a tradition to change our capital every 1000 years.
Do you really change your capital every 100 years? Why?
@@auroradarg because Cairo population now is+20M
Please tell me more
@@auroradarg not 100, 1000 years...
no way. this is bull shit... but i like the comment anyway
Slightly educational youtube channel: exists
Skillshare:
*I'm gonna fund this man whole youtube career.*
Which is good, amirite
Razvan Samoila I'm not sure if this is a sad attempt to make people laugh
@@lawrence2316 Every attempt to make people laugh is a good attempt as long as you tried.
i gig
Unless he is being honest or has anything to do with politics.
Ottawa, the capital of Canada is strategically located on the border of English and French Canada, sort of giving some sort of unification. On the parliament entrance you could find etched into the stone on both sides of the entrance the British cost of arms symbol and the French cost of arms symbol holding over the doorway the Canadian coat of arms.
It also is located on a strategic location even if you ignore cultural lines
@Nooby french Canada is mostly Quebec, but isn't the exception-French Canadians are found across the nation and New Brunswick itself is as well French Canadian similar to Quebec; Although, they do speak both English and French Canadian at a similar level.
Lucky for Washington DC, it was designed before the automobile age.
Exactly!
You say that, but as someone who lives in the area I think it'd be better if it was designed to handle the current reality as bleak as it may be. That or if Metro could get their shit together it would be fine as it is, but currently it is a commuter's hellscape.
@@MrMattumbo I wonder if it's not just impossible to design a growing city to accommodate an automobile reality. As a capital city, your inner city will just become more clogged with traffic as the city expands. I think the Metro just have to gather their excrements, as you suggest.
Yes, we were lucky, we aren’t like LA or Texas
Don't get me wrong I love DC, but we still have urban sprawl making moving around at all impossible. The metro is good and is expanding to far away suburbs but it's only useful for getting into the city. Getting from Loudoun or fairafx county to Montgomery county, a journey that shouldnt take that long, is impossible due to the immense traffic and lack of public transportation.
I still remember that episode of Top Gear where they drive through the new capital of Burma. They played a game of football on a twenty lane highway with the police because no one lived there yet!
I remember that
Is it still empty?
@@omarhuda4997 not as much population is increasing
Dozenspeed
*James May : OH COCK !*
I knew I wasn't making it up haha. And isn't it now called Myanmar not burma
"the capital is the place where the government is placed" Here in the Netherlands we have clearly skipped that lesson. Our capital city by law is Amsterdam but the entire government is located in The
Hague (Den Haag)
and royal family
@@TheGroundHopper they are part of the government
sirBrouwer I Think Amsterdam Is Just National And Economic Capital.
The Hague used to be our capital, but the Napoleon changed it to Amsterdam.
@@akhighpin012 it has more to do with the fact that back when the Netherlands was a French puppet state king Lewis (brother of emperor Napoleon) just decided to make Amsterdam the capital even if the government was situated in The Hague. with the sole reason that it was the biggest city.
and the Netherlands has just never changed that.
Captain here, Kazakhstan didn’t move it’s capital primarily for Nazarbayev to consolidate power (although it was a factor as well). Firstly Almaty location wasn’t suitable to be the capital due to economic and defensive reasons. Almaty like Lagos was major city that was too far away from the rest Kazakhstan. That meant people outside of Almaty felt disconnected from it. Furthermore in terms of trade and transportation logistics it was harder to transport resources and people to and from Almaty. After the 90s when Astana became the capital Kazakhstan did experience great economic development due to Astana having a central location, thus the state was able to better control rest of Kazakhstan and the trade routes to and from the new Kazakh capital easier. Furthermore Akmola was very rich in agricultural land (during the soviet times Akmola pretty much provided bread to all of the Soviet Union). The movement of the capital also provided a sense of unity because the Astana was meant to become the new face of Kazakhstan one that isn’t held back by its communist past. Lastly definesvely Almaty was too close the nearby growing super power of China. In case of conflict Almaty would be one of the first places to be invaded (this kinda of the st.petersburg to Moscow move in the 20th century). Also in terms of unity and defense Kazakhs feared that Northern Kazakhstan might be annexed by Russia (due to Northern Kazakhstan having a Russian majority population in the 90s). Thus they moved the capital up north to unite the people of the north and south as well to protect northern Kazakhstan from being annexed into Russia. So that’s pretty much the mains for the move!
Brazilian living in Brasilia here. This video also got pretty much nothing right about Brasilia. Not impressed.
it seems that this video is full of disinformation
Kazakhstani here, this commenter makes sense, while the guy in the video does not know what he is talking about
Canberra is a very well planned city. It's very bike friendly and looks really nice. I will personally vouch for it.
Nah its full of massive stroads and highway like roads
Another reason why Kazakhstan moved its capital north was because the north was mainly populated by Russians, and to prevent the north breaking away like what Crimea ended up doing in 2014, they moved the Capital north to strengthen their hold on the land and to move more Kazakhs further north.
That would be a wise decision given the current behaviour of the Russian government.
KAZAKHSTAN, GREATEST COUNTRY IN THE WORLD! ALL OTHER COUNTRIES ARE RUN BY LITTLE GIRLS!
Arman Sarbassov , no I’m not.
That's what I heard, too.
Not. This was done by the government to get away from its population in a sparsely populated region.
and in a few days ago Indonesia announced they'll moved capital city to Borneo island. it's so timely!
Isn't Borneo less populated had has lots of forests??
Didn't they anounce it would sinply move to a city off Java, not Borneo specifically? Also, wasn't the suggestion that the new capital would be an existing city?
@@Quintinohthree yes, Palangkaraya is one of the best candidate. Lots and lots of unused land makes it easy to plan. I just want it to be walk-cycle-centered city, not car-centered like we have everywhere.
I think that's a great move. I hope Indonesia's government thinks well about the decision and keep their heads clear, not getting overambitious. Jakarta is an interesting city with a lot of history, but fails to represent the entire country, can have bad congestion and will drown if it gets hit by a big flood. In an earlier move to make the rest of the country more like Java, that they're now moving the capital is an interesting move which I'll surely be following closely.
@@JoshuaHere In honesty Jakarta is already sinking a few centimeters each year, and with the ever increasing sea level along with low tsunami/earthquake risk in Borneo, it makes it understandable if natural hazard was one of the reason for the city to move
Problem being however, to me at the very least, they didn't make it clear as to why they do it, be it economically or politically as the video explains. Though that might be me being ignorant and not looking for it myself-
Did you know Egypt is building a new planned capital city in the middle of the desert, to move the government away from Cairo? Could be an interesting topic for a video for your channel. We don't get to actually watch a new capital be created from scratch every day!
Same thing with Indonesia. We are building new capital in the middle (well not the middle, more like the easternmost edge) of the jungle of Borneo.
@@Anindyatejo and how long will it actually take to finish the project?
@@eleventrackmind it is expected to finish in 2024 or 2025
@@AnindyatejoWhat was the governments reason/excuse of doing this?
@@brandonlyon730 various reasons.
1. Because Jakarta is sinking (literally)
2. The chosen new place is located in the center point of Indonesia, unlike Jakarta which is in the western part of Indonesia
3. It is expected to boost the economy of Kalimantan/Borneo.
4. The Java island, along with southern isles of Indonesia (Bali, Sumba, etc) are in the edge of tectonic plate, so it is very vulnerable to earthquakes and tsunamis. Borneo on the other hand is not, so it is quite stable and rarely has earthquakes.
As a brazilian, I find the study that estimates the impact of Brasilia in the economy quite interesting. Brasilia is now the 3rd city in Brazil in number of people (behind only São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro). And the city is WAY younger than the others. I expected not only Brasília but the surroundings to be affected positively as well, especially because we had nothing at the center of Brazil at first.
Nowadays Brasília has the highest income per capita in Brazil and the highest HDI as well. Although it has the worst Gini. This is interesting but it is expected as Brasília is the home of many high salary public workers and many people go there in order to try a chance to work for the government.
Also something to add: Brasilia, apart from being the decision center, has formed with Goiania - the planned capital , built 30 yrs prior to Brasilia , of the state of goias, which surrounds Brasilia, and is also a major city of +2million inhabitants) and Anapolis ( +500k ) and its surrouding a large urban axis within 100 miles and + 6 million people, a major center of attraction and a national metropolis with influence similar to Sao Paulo and Rio! That wasnt like that 20 yrs ago when Brasilia was still behind Several other major cities in economy and population.
And something else must be said: Rio de Janeiro is, nowadays, overcrowded, expensive and doesn’t offer real quality of life for its average city ( i dont mean upper middle class and above ) ! I love Rio, indeed, but its geography and other factors wouldn’t offer nowadays the minimal condition desired and necessary for a capital city! Brasilia does!
Ops, and before i forget, Brasilia’s airport is now the greatest domestic hub in the nation! While Sao Paulo’s international passed Rio’s international ( now a ghost airport )! Seems juscelino was right!
Indonesia just announced few days ago that they will moving forward to move their capital from Java (Jakarta). I wonder if this video is related to that.
I didn't include Jakarta in the video, but it is timely!
I believe that’s more related to rising sea levels than anything else
@@Jaffjv that and many other things. for combating sea level rising, Jakarta have NCICD. Basically giant sea wall around Jakarta Bay with some reclaimed land for real estate on it.
@@Jaffjv the most important thing is we are trying to spread our economic development outside of Java. Our development was too Java-sentries. ~60% of our economy (and the people) are in Java despite Java only accounted for 7% of Indonesia's total area.
If I remember correctly Egypt is planning on moving it’s capital soon too.
Ooh that's my photo of Canberra at 2:53! Thanks for the credit! :)
Cool.
@Darek Krystian No that's not your photo...
@Darek Krystian Can you show it to us please?
@Darek Krystian wdym?
@Darek Krystian You can put the link where you first posted on Internet with your credit in it.
"Washington D.C. was a planned capital that turned out pretty nice" The problem with using D.C. as an example that an artificial capital can work is that D.C. was built before cars were around. Any capital city that is built in the middle of nowhere today will just be a city of developments connected by highways or highway like streets.
That might explain why Canberra's so nice. It was built just before cars were a thing and when I was there, I found it easy to walk around :)
Washington may have its majestic buildings, boulevards, and monuments but from what I hear they have severe problems.
The problem with using Washington DC is that it's a complete shit hole and is ghetto as fuck. Almost makes Detroit look good, almost.
Johnny Slokes are you high? DC is nowhere near Detroit sure, it’s shit in some areas but that’s what every major city deals with. Your talking about Baltimore
I looked at Washington D.C on maps app on satellite view and it’s so well designed and so beautiful!
Warsaw is also an interesting story. During the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth (1386-1795) the Polish capital was in Cracow and the Lithuanian in Vilnius. The Polish king was also the Grand Duke of Lithuania and shared his time and his court between the two cities (albeit more in Cracow).
In result of the parliamentary developments in the 16th century, the parliament of Poland and the parliament of Lithuania started to meet once every 2-3 years (so-called General Sejm) - and the place to do so was put half-way between the capitals, on the Vistula banks near a small town of Warsaw. What started as a tent gathering developed into a constant presence of the ever-growing power - until the capital was moved officially to Warsaw in 1596.
Albania made it too: Tirana was a very little city when the capital city moved from Vlora to it.
Emperor Constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to the town of Byzantium out in the "middle of nowhere", which was renamed Constantinople. Why?
1) Rome had grown to the point that it was unsustainably large and unpleasant. Rome had already lost its importance as a capital under the tetrarchy. The four rulers of the tetrarchy each had had their own seat of gov't and none were stationed at Rome.
2) Byzantium was in a strategic location on the Straits of Bosporus since it controlled the shipping route between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean.
3) The Western frontiers seemed fairly stable at the time, while the Eastern frontiers were still threatened by the Persians. The western Mediterranean had been dominated by Carthage, but Rome had destroyed Carthage ruthlessly.
4) With the addition of a wall, Constantinople was more easily defensible since it was surrounded on most sides by water. Rome was several miles from the coast, on the banks of the stinky Tiber River. It depended entirely on the strength of its armies to protect it.
5) Constantine was able to neutralize the power of the Roman Senate and imperial bureaucracy because they stayed behind in Rome for the most part.
6) It gave Constantine an opportunity to leave behind the pagan temples and monuments of Rome and construct his own Christian churches, palaces, sporting venues and fora in the new capital.
7) Constantinople was closer to Egypt, the breadbasket of the empire. It may not seem like a big difference to us, but it was a huge difference to the sailors of the time... far less dangerous a journey.
dlwatib it helps to show that a new capital needs time to mature. It may have seemed like the middle of nowhere back then, but today it is one of the biggest cities on earth. I think it's a bit misguided to judge some cities that aren't even 50 years old yet, saying that they were mistakes and they'll never get better. Only time (and lots of it) will tell
@Lol Rofl Short Answer: Take a look at to the map of Turkey and a map that includes Balkans, Middle East, Caucasus
Long Answer:
That decision was made by Mustafa Kemal Pasha(Atatürk) during the 1920s. At the time most of the cities were occupied by Allied forces(British, French, Italians and Greeks). Fighting had broken out between local groups and occupation forces. Greek population of the black sea coast had risen up in hopes of a Pontic Greek State and started fighting out the Turkish locals. Allies supplied them with guns and ordered the now puppet Sultan to send someone to dismantle any resistance by the Turks. Mustafa Kemal was already trying to get into Anatolia and when ve heard of this he quickly volunteered for the mission. But he is sole aim was to organising the resistance to found a Turkish Republican State.
Now on to the his capital. He could only choose from Central Anatolian and Eastern Anatolian provinces. Sivas was the most developed city in the region yet it was far away from the western provinces. Ankara was a mere poor town yet its geography was far more suitable. Even after winning the war capital remained Ankara because;
1. War and the country was organised from ankara and it was developed to some extent during that time, Ankara's location in Anatolian plateu gave it vast lands available for expanding it in the future.
2. Atatürk despised the people of Konstantiniyye for their lack of support during the independence war. There were many people who had smuggled guns to anatolia and supported the war but most of the opposition came from the Konstantiniyye itself, pro-Western politicians and Islamists people that Atatürk despised and hated. He refused to visit İstanbul for years even after the conclusion of the war.
3. Anatolian Plateu is surrounded by mountain ranges all around(making it a natural fortified position) and its most central position as it gets.
While Eastern Thrace is flatlands which lack any defensive position, leaving the İstanbul vunerable to attacks both from sea and land.
You are talking about modern capitals. Why not do a timeline on the movement of capitals starting from ancient times ? Example Philadelphia used to be your capital, long before Washington D.C. Which other countries still hold on to their very first ancient and now modern capital ?
dlwatib you mean Istanbul?
@Lol Rofl defence reason
Myanmar's new capital city has a 20 lane highway and it is believed to be used for military airplanes.
Wtf.
Myanmar's new capital city looks horrifying from the aspect of a city planner. It's not just that they have a 20 lane highway, but it starts from a random four lane road and ends in this huge traffic circle which should've been a full built interchange if the highways were even of any significance. I hope they retrace their steps and get a clear vision for what this capital is supposed to do, because they're luckily not that well on their way yet.
@@knockhello2604 Yep, an WTF design: www.google.com/maps/@19.7807097,96.1130615,1341m/data=!3m1!1e3
@@EduardoEscarez - that's what happens when military leaders think they can do the planners' job.
80386 it’s all planned to hide from the population.
Please do something on how two metro areas grow into one, like Dallas/Fort Worth. Cincinnati and Dayton are about to be combined into a huge metro area, so I think it would be an interesting topic.
Could be a good topic!
Jonathan Carson or “twin cities”, Minneapolis/Saint Paul
City Beautiful yes please do this! A very interesting concept! 😁
what do you mean with two metro areas growing in to one? do you mean a merger of two metro lines? that depends on how the company's that run them operate.
sirBrouwer “Metro” is short for Metropolis. He’s referring to cities (also called metro areas) that are once separated but as they get bigger they incorporate larger areas until they border each other. They basically become one big city (officially or de facto) Metro can also mean heavy rail rapid transit, subways, small tram/train routes (what you’re referring to). But we’re talking about metro areas not metro systems.
Malaysia also planned to move its capital, Kuala Lumpur, but instead of moving, they decided to build a new administrative capital, Putrajaya and thus, Malaysia has two capital.
When modern countries switch capital city they almost always change from a coastal city to an inland one. This seems to always be the case no matter the culture or geography, or wether the new city is brand new (like Brasilia) or pre-existing (like Ankara).
A few reasons I could think of besides some of the ones you've listed:
1. Coastal cities are windy and prone to flooding, storms and hurricanes and might smell of seaweed. Before modern beach resort culture, the cheapest houses where always by the beach, and the palaces were always inland because of this.
2. Coastal cities are more vulnerable to invading forces and piracy. If the capital is inland, there's always the extra chance to defeat the invaders before they get there.
3. Port cities attract a vast flow of commerce and people, and could therefore seem hard to control for the government. This leads to calls for regulation, but any attempt at it will often come off as a nuisance to the local traders who just wants things to "run smooth". This means a conflict between local merchantile elites and national political elites.
4. Port cities easily attract foreigners and a mix of people of different ethnicities which will make the city seem "less representative" of "national culture". Sometimes ethnic elites just want to place the capital in their more ethnically homogenous areas. Like in the case when Pakistan switched capital from mixed Karachi to Islamabad in Punjab, to appease the Punjabi elite.
5.. Big sprawling industrial ports and their infrastructure are ugly and smell of smoke and oil. The port attracts a poor workforce who might foster a working class culture and big slums that isn't fancy enough for the national elites.
If in Malaysia, Putrajaya is built to serve as the center of government administration. While Kuala Lumpur remains the capital city. So the administrative center is not disturbed by congestion or population density.
Kuala means estuary. Lumpur means mud. Putra means prince. Jaya means success. These days, we just say Putrajaya is the capital of Malaysia. This is because people get confused why all the governance comes from Putrajaya and all the politicians' offices are in Putrajaya. The parliament building is still in Kuala Lumpur. Putrajaya is very close to Negeri Sembilan. Probably someday, Negeri Sembilan and Selangor will merge. The ancient capital of Selangor is Klang or the royal capital. Then the state capital of Selangor is Shah Alam. In Negeri Sembilan, the modern capital is Seremban. The ancient capital is Sri Menanti. Then further into history, there was a connection between Selangor and Negeri Sembilan once upon a time.
Is it also to consolidate Malay power? Kuala Lumpur is like 42% Chinese while Malays only make up 43% so they moved it to Putrajaya which has a wierd population of 99% Malay.
Malaysia should move it's capital to Serawak if they dont want separatism happen 🤔
same with amsterdam and the hague
Egypt is making strides toward the still-unnamed New Administrative Capital (NAC) like 30 miles east of Cairo right now, a city for 5,000,000 residents and all branches of government. The main idea is to relieve congestion in Cairo, which is one of the densest and most congested cities on earth.
The main idea is to hide away the elites from the population.
@@davidulanovsky8943 Exactly! They're trying to move their corruption away from the people to prevent another potential uprising. Egypt has had so many failed city-building attempts its insane, from New Cairo, to the "New Capital" to New Mansoura/Masoura, its just a nightmare.
TheAutumnNetwork Yeah feel really bad for the country it’s had shit leaders on both sides since Nasser and even he was pretty authoritarian. Doesn’t help that it constantly switches between international allies.
Cairo : the most dense and congested city of the entire planet
Jakartans : hold my beer !
Masses : IT IS HARAAM !
( held protest -> long march against the statement -> abandoned their jobs -> fired by their boss -> jobless -> held protest to govt )
I dont like it because Cairo has been an important city and traditional capital for thousands of years.
Philippines planned to move its capital (at least government offices) from Manila to New Clark City because of overpopulation and traffic congestion in Manila
But it's not the only planned capital in Ph, Quezon City is an example (although to be fair it's considered a suburb when it became capital)
You forgot to mention that Indonesia will likely move their capital, but not by choice, but because Jakarta is literally sinking.
and people say global warming isn’t real 🙄
@@David.d.d.d a 80 km sq of ice melting in the ocean and global warming is a joke
@@David.d.d.d you should read up on what actually makes Jakarta "sink". Not saying that global warming isn't real, but something else is going with Jakarta on top of that.
@@gabrielbaruck9152 and 5ft of water rising just means nothing
Scientist said in 2050 Jakarta will be Sea
In Portuguese the “J” is pronounced hard and Portuguese is spoken in Brazil. You pronounced it like the Spanish language does.
"Juseclino".
Jew-scelino ♥️
A agonia que deu ouvir isso
Ardeu o meu ouvido escutar isso
pra q isso tbm, tanta palavra ingles que a gente fala totalmente errado, eles não reclamam que a gente fala will smiti em vez de will smifi
Wait, Juscelino didn't build Brasília to appease his own ego, although he was rightfully proud of his achievement. One of the reasons he had to inaugurate it during his government was because he feared his successors would abandon the massive project if they had had to continue it themselves.
and contrary to the aforementioned, the new capital brought YES development to the interior of the country.
@@trip.8827 yes New big cities in Brazil(+1 million of inhabitants)
Goiânia-Go
Cuiabá-MS
Campo Grande-MT
Brasília-DF haha
@@EmersonunesIn addition to the absurd amount of highways that were built throughout the national territory, enabling the development of the entire country.
Before the construction of Brasilia, the states of Goiás and Mato Grosso were equivalent to nowadays Amazonas. Basically, nobody lived there before Brasilia became a thing. The city where I was born in Tocantins was just a small and poor village, it only grew because of the construction of highway 153, to connect Brasilia to Belém.
@@trip.8827 Though, the deactivation of the railways to enable highways was an absurd error of his
Rip Astana
Rip Astana
Hello Nur-Sultan
Sunset Affrimations no bit ch, Astana alive, rio Nursultan annd your comment
AMtoast intolerant no bit ch, Astana alive, rio Nursultan annd your comment
It was called Aqmola when I was very little
I resent you including Ethiopia as an Italian colony. It was not. It was an occupation that ended in a few years.
Ian J lol no was an occupation hahahah and now US Arabs and Chinese colonizing Ethiopia
@@iamnormal8648 neo-colonialism
@@iamnormal8648 they are there extracting the resources. its all the same.
@@johnnyslokes2712 UAE and Saudia are doing more than that. They are importing their radical ideals and beliefs as well.
Also Egypt is independent. Some may argue it was a puppet state, but c’mon, what’s the difference between Belgian Congo, british Rhodesia or any other colonial territory here?
File this one under Power & Ego:
In ancient Egypt, the capital was constantly moving (usually between Memphis and Thebes), but then one ruler came along ------------
Akhenaten is sometimes known as King Tut's (Tutankhamun) dad; he is also most commonly known as "The Moon Pharaoh".
He decided that Egypt should worship the Moon goddess more primarily instead of the Sun God.
He also "packed up" the entire capital (from Thebes) and moved everything to a city that he created ( Akhetaten, named after him, of course).
Shortly after his death, King Tut moved everything back to Thebes. Everyone tried to forget that even happened.
"Juscelino" is pronounced "zhu-seh-LEE-noh", like the "s" in "measure".
Portuguese is not Spanish.
juseclino kubitscheck, they also got the spelling wrong
THANK YOU
É estranho ver o nome como o dele dito em sotaque espanhol com inglês 😂
Now Jakarta moving to middle of Borneo island
Its on the eastern part of the island not in the middle
Why do you think that is? Indonesian here
@@muhammadaryawicaksono4232 Sea level rise
@@muhammadaryawicaksono4232 also, the new capital would be on the center of the nation. It would help boost the trade and economy among central and east Indonesia. Or so the government said.
For more on this topic and architecture, I highly recommend Robert Hughes The Shock of the New, specifically the episode Trouble in Utopia. Great insight into Brazilian and the Punjab capitol.
Punjab? The Indian state?
Upper Canada and Lower Canada, not West Canada and East Canada
Be quite northern America
He was correct. Upper and Lower Canada ceased to exist when they became the United Province of Canada in the 1840s, split now instead into Canada West and Canada East. Upper and Lower Canada each had had their own capital city, whereas the ertswhile United Province of Canada did not, so it bounced around for a quarter century (and it wasn't just Toronto and Montreal but also Kingston and Quebec, before finally settling on Ottawa two years before Confederation).
The capital of Belize was moved inland in the seventies after hurricane Hattie struck Belize City. Belize City is still by far the largest city and the commercial and economic hub, but government is located in the small town of Belmopan
Well, in Brazil's case there's one more thing. An old version of Brazil's Constitution (from 1934) mandated that "the federal capital must be transferred to a central location of the contry". During his presidential campaign in April 4th, 1955, Juscelino was in a city in the middle of the coutry called Jataí and a guy called Antonio asked him if the then candidate JK would make the constitutional text real during his term. Juscelino said yes and in that momment the idea of a new capital was born. He made this one of his strongest topics during the whole campaign. It was a fairly close election and for sure the votes from the middle of the country made the difference! BTW, Juscelino was my great-grandmother's doctor! Great content! Loved the channel!
* not closer than 100 miles to Sydney.
Canberra is about 300km from Sydney and about 600km from Melbourne.
Its better this way. Otherwise everyone from Sydney would move to Canberra like they're doing moving to Wollongong and the Central Coast to avoid paying the high housing prices. But you're right point out that mistake of the distance.
I think the compromise that led to Canberra specified that the city had to be built MORE THAN 100 miles away from Sydney, but within New South Wales (carving the ACT notwithstanding)
@King Wiwuz IV Right. But in the vid, he said 'less than'… another USAn who doesn't realise Australia is pretty much the same size as their country, I suppose. (I'll bet he thinks Texas Texas is a big state, too. 😃)
@@pwn3dname Did NSW voluntarily contribute territory to form the ACT?...as..originally, VA and MD contributed territory to form the District of Columbia?
@@nomadMik ..some of us..or we..??
USAers know Australia is roughly the same size as the U.S.! We think we are a huge nation, until we look at our neighbor to the north...Canada!..all that land divided into only less than a dozen 'provinces'...many make our largest state..AK..look small!
So the government gets to spend public money on land acquisition, construction and development, which, as we know, is an honest, transparent and apolitical process, and thus - a perfect way to benefit the people.
TapOnX taxes do not fund federal spending #MMT
Lol
Still better expenditure of public money than bailing out corrupt banks
80386 And creating welfare programs as well.
@@uhohhotdog
What?!
Canberra has to be the only city where the taxi drivers get lost going around in circles.
that's the only thing interesting about Canberra - except the Ikea of course
Equatorial Guinea is also moving away the capital from Bioko (former Santa Isabel) to Oyala-La Paz in the center of the country despite having an already developed and highly-dense city in the coast
As far as I know, Canberra was supposed to be _at least_ 100 miles away from Sydney, not "no further than 100 miles away" as stated in the video.
BTW, canberra is doing a lot to rectify its issues with a new light rail opening this month with plans for major extensions as well as majority new development in medium-high density housing as opposed to the urban sprawl the city has historically favoured
Yes but the chief minister thinks he's an urban planner, and has decided that he wont bring light rail to the southside of Canberra until 2041.
@@maxleonard5723 I reckon they're going slow on purpose to speak the budget over many years due to how politically contentious the light rail is. Don't get me started on most of the opposition being because of the pathetic car-centric opinions of the residents.
Capitol of Pakistan was moved from Karachi to Islamabad on administrative grounds, turned out pretty well.
Well city turned out well, but not for everyone. There's a reason Islamabad is known as a city for rich people in pakistan.
@@dontjudgemebymyname.4282 depends on where you look. I am living in Banigala, i have rental house with 3 bed rooms, drawing, dining, kitchen with terrace, extremely neat built and i pay PKR 30k/month. We are family of 3 adults and my grocery necer exceeds PKR 15K/month. There are those “Posh” areas like anyother city but you can easily find affordable options of all sorts.
lol pakistan is a failed state
@@danielnagesh8882Search top 10 most beautiful capital cities in the world, and you'll see that Islamabad is number 2. New Delhi isn't even on the list. Failed state my ass
Agreed, he should've also mentioned it in the video because for what it is, it successfully diverted millions of people that could've made Karachi even more congested. Pakistan would've certainly been worse of without this decentralization effort.
The reverse can also happen, as in a capital moving TO the trade hub. Kyoto was the old Japanese capital for a millennia, but the Japanese emperor, then a teenager and influenced by advisers with powerful vested interests, moved the capital and his residence to the much more bustling Edo. That city is now known as Tokyo.
Technically the "capital" was moved by the shogunate at the conclusion of the Sengoku Jidai to Edo, removing what little power the imperial court had. It's why it was a bustling hub in the first place.
It was well timed though, I can't imagine fifty million people living in Kansai if the capital were still in Kyoto...
I think Japan needs to seriously consider moving the capital once more. In contrary to people's belief, the Kanto region is still growing a lot faster than almost any other parts of Japan and continues sapping the manpower from other prefectures. It also seems Abenomics has failed to stem the problem and radical solution is needed to shift the balance out of Kanto. Some smaller cities or towns in Chubu or Shikoku region might be good alternatives because of rapid depopulation despite still having relatively decent infrastructures
The city of nara is originated capital city in japan
@@TheAntoine48 Hasn't Gifu (the real middle of nowhere in japan) been already designated as the likely place for that to happen?
My country's capital Nur-Sultan former Astana is depicted in the thumbnail 😳
I am glad that my country Kazakhstan is getting more attention.
As a Kazakh, we still like and use word Astana more.
Jackson, Mississippi was created to be the state capitol. Canton had functioned as the capitol. It was a successful trading post on the Natchez Trace. Jackson was built on Le Fleur's Bluff, which was the most suitable spot nearest the state's geographical center.
The Nursultan joke is being forced in the Russian Internet because it's funny
No, because it's Nursultan
Astana*
@@aisir3725 Astana*
@@benyamaha4426 did you Nursultan Nursultan?
Нүр-Сұлтан
The pronounciation of "Lagos" didn't seem right. It's more "le"gas. not "la"gos.
It's actually pronounced Lay-Goss. Goss like Moss or Ross.
Lagos means lakes in portuguese and spanish, which are probably the ones who named the city and he pronounced with that iberian accent. It's not the standard american accent but it's not wrong either. Same goes for San Jose, I think.
@@cesarams2102 Lagos was indeed named by the Portuguese. That being said, it is not an Iberian State and the local Lagosians pronounce it as stated above, neither in an American nor Iberian accent. Either would be wrong.
I came here looking for this comment, he was driving me crazy constantly pronouncing it incorrectly
YOSee Steve Nigerian here definitely Lay-gods since Lah-goes Is actually a place in Portugal
2:36 you completely messed that up. Canada’s capital before Ottawa was Kingston, and it was moved to Ottawa because of the Ottawa River, which is said to benefit trade from/to the capital
9:26 Argentina is a good example of the hypercentralization of power that comes from not moving the capital away from the country's economic powerhouse.
Most of our Political problems comes because Argentina is basically Unitarian. The Politics is the Politics of B.A and C.A.B.A, and part of that is because the economy is so fucking stagnant
we pronounce our "j"s in Portuguese. It's /Jhu/scelino Kubitschek
Jew?scelino
@@trueuttar close, but portuguese vowels aren't diphthongs
Fulano de tal
He pronounced based on spanish pronouciation. Don't be so demanding cause brazilians mispronounce thousonds of english words.
@@rickypego1 exactly... he pronounced it with Spanish pronunciation... Spanish is not Portuguese
The layout and design of Canberra is epic. As a city building game fan I had so many nerdgasms visiting there.
I absolutely love that this is so fascinating, educational, and informative....but also silly. *swooshy buildings*
Well the philippines is already building a new Capital City because Manila is sometimes a cause of conflict, overpopulation, and also it is "Typhoon, and Earthquake prone"
Up north. I'd prefer to have it in the middle of the country, maybe near Kalibo?
well guess that new Clark City was economy is not a capital way then outside itself Manila is a nation capital has most population will size area limits
LordDavid04 that won’t happen because Luzon is the most populated island and putting it there would make it less likely to bring people because of transport
Was the Philippine capital once called Quezon City?
James Matthews no but the original capital was cebu cuty
In my country, Switzerland, no city has the legal staus of being the capital. Bern is only de facto the capital since it hosts the federal council and the parliament.
3:16 Juscelino is correct. Not Juseclino. Salve para todos os brasileiros aprendendo sobre outras nações!😁🇧🇷
Aaaeeeeee Brasil sil sil
Nós todos aqui vendo os gringos descobrirem que Brasília foi um erro hue
@@riograndedosulball248 até eles 🤣
you should do a video about Jakarta, it is a very complex city with traffic, overpopulation, pollution, sinking problem, and also has it's capital city title to be potentially replaced
It's a story of a failed urban planning. Hope we move capital soon. Tho we have no money.
@@johndaly2816 Well planned city, like mentioned in the video, is not always ideal. It's sometimes better to let the city grow from supply and demand. It's not completely failed, it just having too many people and very poor regulation from the pipeline, zoning law, public transportation and many more
it’s to Palangkaraya right?
Why not the most obvious reason: Security for invasion? It makes more sense that a capital city isn’t an easy target for invasion by being close to boarders or close to the sea.
Australia’s capital is the most beautiful small city I’ve ever seen. (Small, city)
Canberra has the best road infrastructure I have ever seen. This is because it was a planned city, there is a roundabout going around parliament house and it is so green.
I read that Sejong City (Korea) was also to remove opposant from key posts
and for Naypyidaw is so that the military dont have to deal with the country's habitants.
But for some countries, moving the capital away from popular cities means that the population is less likely to strike and protest against the government, and police and army can more easily block
I just noticed that Detroit is the map you use in your intro, shoutout from detroit!!
Seoul, South Korea is trying to move many government administration buildings and departments to a new city - in the middle of nowhere - to a place called Sejong City. It has so far been very unpopular. Sejong City is basically brand new and has been described as "boring, plastic, and stupid" by many. No source needed hahahaha.
I would love for you to do a city planning episode on Seoul. It bridges the gap between planning and natural growth. Some neighborhoods run wild, with small alleys running every which way. Some neighborhoods are on grids. I think you can guess which neighborhoods are more interesting!
Those small streets with random small buildings are like modern old towns :D architecture is modernist but planning is medieval.
@@ligametis well, Seoul used to be a medieval city.
Could you do a video on Haussmann's rebuilding of Paris.
Great Video! Very interesitng! We love your channel
I came here from CF:)
From what I can tell, it looks like Naypyidaw (Myanmar, formerly known as Burma) is a combination of those factors you listed, *plus* climatological reasons. Being relatively recent, I thought of it when watching this video.
As a swiss, I can’t understand how in other countries just one person who is called a leader can decide on something major like moving a capital
same here
tunisian btw 🇹🇳✌️ the only democracy in the arab world
in the Brazilian case, the president asked the legislative branch for permission before the Brasilia works began
Another example of a European needing something explained to them.
(I understand you are being deliberately obtuse to imply just how entrenched and solid your democracy is, but it's a ridiculous rhetorical device so I'm responding in kind)
I think it also may have to do with the fact people naturally built cities near coastlines, but for security reasons it's probably better to have your capital more in land?
Baked Beanie Sigel that may explain why many of the East Coast states have inland capitals (Albany instead of NYC, etc.). Also reduces the threat of hurricanes.
That was a factor in Canberra's location. Lots of natural choke-points if you're trying to invade from the east coast.
I'm kinda disappointed that you didn't mention Copenhagen or Istanbul. While they weren't built completely from scratch they are examples of capitals being moved for the reasons you stated in this video and pretty old ones. Denmark's capital was moved from Roskilde to Copenhagen to be more in the middle of the country back during the Kalmar Union and the then Roman Empire moved it's capital to Constantinople (no Istanbul) in order to be closer to the richer eastern regions. Istanbul isn't a capital anymore but it's still a pretty important political center in Turkey. And these days it might be hard to see that Copenhagen was built to be a capital because it's so old before it became the capital it was simply a small fishing village and remains of the original plan which was heavily based around defense can still be seen in the city today.
Sure, Copenhagen was moved to be more in the center of Scandinavia, but it also had the advantage of controlling all the ships coming and going from the Baltic Sea.
>Istanbul
And Ankara, too.
You have fogotten about the second largest city of Russia, wich also had been built from a scratch, in the swamps just to be the capital of The Russian Imperia in 1703. And it also happend by the will of one man. Only in 1918 the capital was returned back to Moscow
Fantastic content! I am currently on a binge watch-trip-through your channel.
Another great and thoughtful video. Thank you so much.
Ethiopia was NEVER colonized by any European country. Italy TRIED to, but it was more like a failed invasion. Liberia was America's sole African colony but went independent early on.
It's been suggested that the UK move their capital from (overcrowded, expensive, sprawling) London to somewhere in the north of England. An existing city with lots of empty industrial space that could be repurposed on the cheap would be ideal. Thoughts?
capital not be" : largest city of a state/country....not to give a male-sh oriented name.
this ensures uniform economic devvelopment without tension. form enclave within London. teheran. paris..mexic city.. bagddad. and form the new capitaal city......building wall not solution for maxico city/mexico.
form enclave within Wash dc and name it Capitol hills as a stable city to stay as a capital...this will solve tension in usa..crime is order of the day in USA now...
Also you didnt mention that northern part of Kazakhstan is heavily populated by ethnic russians and is directly neighbouring Russian federation, so moving capital there was also strategic solution for threat from Kremlin's claims over the lands.
Good video! However, Lagos is pronounced more like the building pieces "Legos" than like "Law gosse"
Ethiopia was never colonized by Italy or colonized at all
Ask Iran we've had 31 of the damn things
Charlie: That's over a 2500 year history. Most of these countries are less than a couple hundred years old, but your point well taken.
Ethiopia being labeled "Italian" is probably the worst thing i've ever seen in one of these videos
Same
but it was true for few years.
Why? Just as Congo was for part of its history a Belgian colony, Ethiopia was an Italian colony. Just because you don't like a certain part of history doesn't mean we should just pretend it doesn't exist.
@Non Filios Tuos Videbis Vacillantes there was a period that Ethiopia was colonized by Italy from 1936-1941. Some don’t consider this colonization bc it was so short (ending bc of WW2), but it’s fair to put it on the map
@@johnkeefer8760 It was a occupation. For Italy to have colonised the Ethiopia they must have had full control of the country, which they never had. Would you say that the Philippines were a colony of Japan because it was occupied by the Japanese during World War 2?
That’s a true about Kazakhstan. Glad you included it.
After Partition and Independence in 1947, India built a new capital city of Chandigarh.
Chandigarh uniquely is the capital city of two states -Punjab and Haryana.
Yet, the capital city of Chandigarh itself is a Union Territory, directly administered by the Union Government based in New Delhi.
Very informative and interesting topic. Thanks for this video. People often mistake with Brazil, Australia, Canada, etc.
Philippines is also building the “NEW CLARK CITY”. It would probably be the new capital city for the Philippines in the next years.
Equatorial Guinea is also rebuilding their capital in the middle of nowhere in the mainland
You should have added Napiydaw, I still am not sure why Myanmar moved its Capital. and same for Palau in Ngerulmud.
My guess is that Rangoon became too crowded
That's because Tatmadaw (Myanmar Military Govt) feared an invasion by US from the sea during their repressive regime against the democratic activists like Suu Kyi.
Really, no kidding.
3:42, a lot of other studies show otherwise, nas Ethiopia was nos Italian.
In the 90s they also talked about doing this in Argentina. Moving the "pink house" (presidential office) from the city of Buenos Aires to a little bit to the south a place called Bahía Blanca.
People went nuts and didn't let the government do anything.
I live in Santiago del Estero and it's fairly empty, it has a similar size to certain countries in Europe but barely reaches a million in population.
Success is dependent on the action or steps you take to achieve it. . Investment is building a safe heaven for the future:
Show me a man who doesn't have an investment and I will tell you how soon he'll get broke.
Speaking of investing, as it is right now investing in Crypto currency is making more than 85% of the world billionaires
People will be kicking themselves in a few years, if they miss this precious opportunity to trade and invest in Crypto currency this period.
Assets that one can invest on, to become successful in life.
STOCK
CRYPTO
SHARES
@@รีรัตน์สมศรี at this present economic crisis, telling anyone about those assets to invest on, isn't financial advice, but by all factors It is a life advice.
I have incurred so much losses trading on my own... Trade well on demo but I think the real market is manipulated.. Can anyone help me out or at least tell me what I'm doing wrong??
Because regions around the capital cities receive a benefit/bias in political-economic considerations, with the rise of the information age and improved transit, maybe more countries should move to a system like South Africa, where the different branches of government have separate seats geographically distributed to avoid consolidation by any one population. It's a thought...
chickenpommes Wasn’t keeping Bonn as a secondary capital mainly done because, for historical reasons, some Germans didn’t really like the idea of the reunified country being headquartered in Berlin?...Kind of ironic, since I’ve always been under the impression that Bonn was chosen as a temporary seat until Berlin was ready and that, if the founders of West Germany had viewed East Germany as an independent nation rather than the part of the country under Soviet occupation, the capital most likely would’ve been Frankfurt.
Agree. Indonesia should not just move it's capital, but make 5 new capitas in Sumatera, Celebes and Papua. So, include Java & Borneo, there are 5 capitals which will decentralize the economy further
Hey Ethiopia was never colonized. Why did you put Ethiopia under the Italian colony?
I guess a bumbling try counts?
They were conquered by Italy in ww2
Haha yes Italy conquered Ethiopia until the British took over and now US, Arabs and Chinese colonizing it
Italy colonised it between 1936-1940
Comrade Anatoly Dyatlov and it was Italy that abolished slavery in Ethiopia
In many US states, the capital city is not the largest city. Michigan's state capital is in Lansing, which is smaller than Detroit and Grand Rapids. Same is true with New York and California.
Great video. Fyi, In Portuguese, you pronounce the J in Jucellino as you did in Abuja. But you get an 'A' still as everything else was perfect!
Ottawa did grow mostly “organically.” No grand triumphal perspectives and boulevards leading to and around Parliament. No, it’s little Wellington St. and misaligned little Metcalfe St.
Wiki says there was an antebellum trial balloon to move the US capital again to near Metropolis, Illinois, near Paducah, Ky.
Versailles and New Delhi are another kind of planned capital: more a new town/suburb than a true new city. With all planned cities, if you’re lucky you get Washington. If not you get Milton Keynes. 😜
Not all of us in the U.S.A. are that 'proud' of Washington, D.C.!...I mean the politicians we send there..not the city and the residents..
You forgot strategic location for example Pakistan Islamabad , the capital is beautifully designed and has a geo strategic importance as its surrounded by mountain ranges for safety and is in the middle of the country securing it's safety from any outside attack.
I thought Islamabad was built to assert Pakistani control over the half of nearby Kashmir that they conquered a few years earlier?
@@Dave_Sisson listen Pakistani controlled Kashmir was under Pakistan back all the way in 1947, Islamabad was decided to be made all the way back in 1960.After the formation of Pakistan in 1947, it was felt that a new and permanent Capital City had to be built to reflect the diversity of the Pakistani nation. It was considered pertinent to locate the new capital where it could be isolated from the business and commercial activity of the Karachi, and yet is easily accessible from the remotest corner of the country.
A commission was accordingly set in motion in 1958, entrusted with the task of selecting a suitable site for the new capital with a particular emphasis on location, climate, logistics and defense requirements, aesthetics, and scenic and natural beauty. Kashmir and the people of Kashmir are full citizens , Pakistani Kashmiris don't want separation like the Kashmiris on the indian side. India is the one that has 1 million troops in Kashmir trying to assert Dominince over them ,get your facts straight.
"Juseclino" - Gringo das cidades. PS: não esquecer o sotaque hispânico.
Rucelinóh
Lol I know what gringo means 😆
In Australia we have a joke about our capital: Canberra was designed over a late night drinking session. First they started with a straight road, the some circles, then as they got more drunk, a bunch of squiggly lines and stuff.
It could be argued that the distance between Brasília and other large cities in Brazil facilitated its takeover by the 1964 military dictatorship. Brasília was far from the resistance that emerged in cities such as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, and Porto Alegre. Brasilia was in a buffer zone, far from "urban guerrillas" and other rebels. Thus, Brasília may also be a case of power consolidation on top of ego and economic development.