HUMAN, Are passions enough for man?
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 26 ก.ย. 2024
- Presentation: Passion is an original experience that everyone can live. But it is also a general notion, metaphysical, epistemological or moral, which has never ceased to occupy philosophy, which has been used in countless treatises to establish its system and has multiplied the number of questions and answers about it. Is it a primary object or should it always be placed in the axiological dimension of the Good? Is it of the body or of the soul? Should we take it at its source, Life, or in the psychological variety we observe between its different manifestations, which are the different passions? Are there first passions and derived passions?....
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Text studied:
"1 It seems obvious that reason, in the strict sense of judging truth and falsity, can never by itself serve as a motive for will or have influence as much as it touches a passion or affection. Abstract relationships of ideas are objects of curiosity, not volition. And the facts, when they are neither good nor bad, when they do not arouse desire or aversion, are totally indifferent; known or unknown, well or poorly understood, they cannot be regarded as grounds for action.
2. What is commonly called reason in a popular sense and what is so much recommended in moral discourse, is nothing more than a calm and general passion, which embraces its object in a broad and distant view and acts on will without arousing sensitive emotion. To say of a man that he is diligent by reason in his profession is to say: by a calm desire to enrich himself and prosper. A man takes the side of justice by reason, that is, by a calm look at the public good or at the good image he can give to others or to himself.
3. Objects that are recommended to reason, taken in the latter sense, are also objects of what is called passion: it is enough that they are considered more closely and that they present for us other advantages, in their external situation or their conformity to our inner disposition; they then provoke a more sensitive and more carried away emotion. Evil, when it is at a great distance, we avoid it for reason, we say; evil, when it is near, fills us with aversion, horror, fear: it is the object of passion.
4. The common mistake of metaphysicists has been to admit only one of these two principles to direct will and to assume that the latter has no influence. Men often act against their interests, in full knowledge of the facts; it is therefore not the sight of the greatest possible good that always influences them. Often they also resist a violent passion, in order to pursue a distant interest, a distant end; it is therefore not only what agitates them in the moment, that determines them. Generally speaking, we can observe that these two principles act on will and that, when they conflict, one of them dominates, depending on the general character or the present disposition of the person. What we call fortitude is a state where calm passions prevail over violent passions; although it is easy to observe that there is no one so constantly inhabited by this virtue that they never give in, on any occasion, to the solicitation of a violent affection or desire. It is because of these changes in disposition that it is so difficult to decide on future actions and resolutions of men, whenever there are motives and passions that are opposed."
David Hume, Dissertation on Passions, SECTION V, (translation by M. Malherbe)
HUME, Les passions onttt-elles raison de l'homme, Michel Malherbe
Presentation: Passion is an original experience that everyone can live. But it is also a general notion, metaphysical, epistemological or moral, which has never ceased to occupy philosophy, which has been used in countless treatises to establish its system and has multiplied the number of questions and answers about it. Is it a primary object or should it always be placed in the axiological dimension of the Good? Is it of the body or of the soul? Should we take it at its source, Life, or in the psychological variety we observe between its different manifestations, which are the different passions? Are there first passions and derived passions?.......
Belle conférence intimiste, touchante par son exemple final. "La raison est une passion sans pathos" : excellente définition ! Mais comme le disait Hume dans son texte biographique, à la veille de sa mort, il eut le bonheur d'être naturellement gai - et il fut non moins naturellement raisonnable au sens de cette passion calme. Mais peut-on se la donner, cette passion apaisée et apaisante, quand on est, par tempérament, assujetti aux passions violentes ? Peut-on se réguler ? Y a-t-il place pour cette liberté ? Hume ne croyait guère la la liberté... Et puis, sur un plan politique et social, l'indignation peut-être un moteur positif de l'Histoire (cf. Spinoza). Oserais-je un : "On a raison de se révolter" (Mao Zedong) quant bien même la passion révolutionnaire peut conduire aux pires excès ?
j'ai lu votre bouquin sur hume top!!!!
Super explication merci a vous
🎉🎉
le "pathos" a supplanté l"éros"......la marchandise a tout avalé!